Sinusitis

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Bronchitis therapy requires special care. If the acute nature of the disease develops into a permanent one, then many problems may arise. And that is why, first of all, bed rest is required, and then you should determine what medications to take.

What to drink for bronchitis

Therapy for chronic bronchitis in children and adults should be prescribed separately. The specialist needs to know about the course of the patient’s disease, his ability to work and his life order. Treatment must be carried out on time and preferably earlier. The impact of destructive factors on the body should also be eliminated. If bronchitis therapy is started very late, it will not give positive effects.

In addition to all this, treatment of chronic illness should not be interrupted. Most patients were prescribed unchanged drug therapy. In addition, they are advised to do therapeutic exercises, follow a specific type of diet and watch their daily routine.

Persistent bronchitis in adults means probable hospitalization. People may end up in the hospital with the disease in the acute stage or with increasing breathing problems. Hospitalization cannot be avoided if severe respiratory distress occurs, related to an exacerbation of bronchitis or severe pneumonia.

Bronchitis: medications for treatment

There are some types of drugs, such as ACC, Ambrobene (syrup), medicine, Sinekod, Mucaltin, the effect of which was positive during treatment in adults and children.

ACC remedy for bronchitis

Acetylcysteine (ACC) is an expectorant that is used to thin out secretions in respiratory diseases accompanied by the appearance of heavy plaque. The medicine ACC has a powder composition that must be diluted and drunk.

Indications for use

The drug ACC can be used for such ailments as:

respiratory diseases;
cystic fibrosis;
bronchiectasis;
acute and chronic bronchitis in adults and children.

What are the admission restrictions?

There are some contraindications when using this product:

high susceptibility to ACC or other components of this medicine;
bleeding in the lungs;
peptic ulcer of the external parts of the gastrointestinal tract;
coughing up blood.

Children's ACC is harmful for those with kidney failure and hepatitis.

Side effects

Taking ACC may have secondary consequences of bronchitis and other ailments, namely:

tachycardia;
arterial hypotension;
tinnitus;
bronchospasm;
skin rashes;
diarrhea;
heartburn;
headache;
nausea and vomiting after using ACC;
allergic reactions;
stomatitis.

Propyl parahydroxybenzonate and methyl parahydroxybenzonate are single sources of increased susceptibility. If there are first signs of a hypersensitivity reaction, stop taking the ACC product immediately.

Drug Sinekod

It is a medicinal medicine for bronchitis, which gives an anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator and antitussive effect. Sinekod is a syrup for children that must be drunk.

What diseases does Sinekod help with?

Sinekod syrup is prescribed for inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, which is accompanied by an unbearable cough:

smokers' cough (in adults);
acute and chronic bronchitis;
cough with whooping cough.

Drinking Sinecod syrup is also indicated to reduce the cough reaction in children with bronchitis during the period of diagnostic examinations of the lungs and bronchial tubes (bronchoscopy) and immediate treatment of respiratory tract ailments.

Contraindications

Taking Sinekod is not allowed in such cases if there is:

special intolerance to any of the components of the drug;
bleeding in the lungs;
the syrup is not intended for children under three years of age;
pregnancy.

Babies under two months of age should also not be given Sinecod drops to drink.

If Sinekod syrup was taken in a large dose, then it may:

nausea begins;
vomit;
Headaches may appear.

In such situations, you should empty your stomach and then drink enterosorbents (Polysorb, Activated Carbon or Enterosgel).

Side effects

If you drink Sinekod syrup, secondary effects may appear:

dizziness;
weakness;
allergic reactions;
nausea and vomiting;
headaches.

Therefore, Sinekod should be taken with great caution for bronchitis, after consulting with your doctor.

Mucaltin for bronchitis

Marshmallow tincture (Mukaltin) has a tightening, expectorant, soothing and anti-inflammatory effect on adults and children. The herbal composition that Mucaltin has reduces inflammatory development and protects the respiratory system from irritation.

Indications

Mucaltin should be taken if there is a constant disease of the respiratory tract, accompanied by the appearance of difficult to excrete sputum with an increase in viscosity, namely:

pulmonary tuberculosis;
tracheobronchitis;
laryngitis;
tracheitis;
emphysema;
bronchoadenitis;
obstructive bronchitis;
pneumoconiosis;
bronchial asthma;
pneumonia;
bronchitis.

Contraindications

Mucaltin should not be taken if you have:

peptic ulcer disease of the gastrointestinal tract during an exacerbation;
special sensitivity to marshmallow;
diabetes mellitus (due to the presence of polysaccharides that Mucaltin contains);
gastritis.

Side effects

You can take the medicine Mucaltin, but it is advisable to consult with a specialist, as dyspeptic consequences may appear in both children and adults:

diarrhea;
increased bloating;
nausea and vomiting;
allergic reaction (uncommon), which can result from taking the drug Mucaltin;
constipation.

Mucaltin is available in pharmacies without a prescription.

Ambrobene for bronchitis

Ambrobene is a mucolytic drug that gives expectorant, secretomotor and secretolytic results in bronchitis.

Release form

Ambrobene is produced in the following varieties:

medicine;
pills;
liquid for rinsing and injections;
capsules.

Usage data

It is necessary to drink Ambrobene for diseases such as:

chronic lung disease;
bronchial asthma;
pneumonia;
bronchiectasis;
the presence of severe and persistent bronchitis.

Ambrobene can be included in complex treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in young children.

Contraindications

The use of Ambrobene is best avoided in situations such as:

breastfeeding time;
epileptic syndrome;
initial trimester of pregnancy;
gastrointestinal ulcer;
hypersensitivity to drugs.

Ambrobene is prescribed with caution if there is:

bronchial motility disorder;
impaired renal activity;
complex liver disease.

Side effects of Ambrobene

Taking Ambrobene can cause negative effects on the body:

headache;
constipation;
rhinorrhea;
skin rashes;
diarrhea;
angioedema;
dry mouth;
hives

Long-term use of Ambrobene can lead to gastralgia, nausea and vomiting. Taking medication is often the culprit:

trembling;
hyperthermia;
adynamia;
feelings of immobility;
severe headache;
lowering blood pressure.

Possible overdoses of Ambrobene may include:

dyspepsia;
nausea and vomiting;
diarrhea.

All this can be eliminated by inducing vomiting, gastric lavage or eating fatty foods.

Adults have no time to get sick; they usually suffer from bronchitis on their legs. The ability to work with this disease decreases slightly, the patient’s condition is most often satisfactory. However, it is necessary to be treated correctly to prevent complications.

Bronchitis mainly occurs during the cold season; the disease is often of viral-bacterial origin and occurs when the immune system is weakened. You can find more complete information about the symptoms and nature of this disease in the article.

A decrease in protective forces occurs for the following reasons:

smoking;
drinking alcohol;
lack of physical activity;
lack of vitamins, microelements, essential amino acids necessary for metabolism.

Symptoms of bronchitis will disappear much faster if the patient stops smoking, but adults often neglect this treatment condition, which leads to prolonged forms of inflammation. You can learn more about the effect of smoking on the course of the disease from the article.

The success of treatment depends on age, existing bad habits, professional hazards, such as work:

in dusty rooms;
with a high content of vapors of caustic substances - hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, ammonia, acids;
with sudden temperature fluctuations and high humidity.

Conditions of recovery

The main condition for recovery is to immediately consult a doctor at the first signs of bronchitis. Hospitalization for this disease is not provided for adults, but patients are prescribed bed rest.

The last condition is the most difficult to fulfill, but if you allow yourself to get sick a little, it will benefit the body. Such care will quickly eliminate all symptoms of the disease and restore activity and ability to work.

Drugs for bronchitis in adults

The patient is prescribed treatment that eliminates the symptoms of cough, sore throat, eliminates fever, and reduces signs of intoxication caused by infection.

Bronchodilators

To improve sputum discharge, it is prescribed. For adults with bronchitis with a wet cough, Salbutamol, Berodual, Eufillin, Theotard tablets are usually prescribed.

It is convenient to use antispasmodics in the form of aerosols with a dispenser to combat coughs. This method of treating bronchitis is indispensable for people who do not reduce activity during illness.

Antispasmodics and bronchodilators in aerosols Alupent, Atrovent, Ventolin, Salbutamol quickly eliminate symptoms. The use of medications relieves bronchospasm and relaxes the muscle fibers of the smooth muscles of the bronchi.

Mucolytics

Mucolytics help make sputum less viscous. They are used for thick mucopurulent sputum. This sputum is usually yellow-green in color and is caused by bacterial contamination.

Mucolytics reduce the ability of sputum to stick to the walls of the bronchi, improve its separation from the walls and discharge from the bronchi. For adults, Ambrobene, Ambroxol, bronchitis syrup Ambrolan, Bromhexine, ACC, Gedelix are recommended.

Bronchitis without fever

An increase in temperature is not a characteristic sign of bronchitis in adults. But in most cases, the patient experiences a temperature reaction, with the exception of the recurrent and plastic form.

In the recurrent form, bronchitis is so frequent that the adult’s body adapts to the inflammation and does not respond to the infection with a rise in temperature. With this form of inflammation there may be no cough.

With plastic bronchitis, thick mucus in the bronchi forms a dense cast. The process can occur at a normal, even low temperature, but be accompanied by a severe cough.

Bronchitis with fever

A positive result in adults in the treatment of bronchitis with fever is achieved by the use of combination drugs. If there is poor discharge of viscous sputum, Ascoril is prescribed, which contains:

mucolytics Bromhexine, Guaifenesin;
bronchodilator Salbutamol.

For a painful cough, use the combined drug Bronholitin, containing the antitussive drug glaucine, ephedrine, and basil oil. Neither children nor adults should take this syrup uncontrollably due to the risk of developing bronchospasm due to excessive sputum.

To reduce the temperature, antipyretics are given - aspirin, paracetamol, ibufen. Adults are recommended to take antipyretic drugs at temperatures exceeding 38.5 0 C.

In patients suffering from heart disease, an increase in temperature to 38 0 C or higher can cause an attack of tachycardia, increased blood pressure, and provoke heart failure.

Adults, and especially older people, should not wait for a significant increase in temperature. Fever puts additional stress on the heart, which works under strain due to lack of oxygen due to bronchitis.

A rapid improvement in the condition of adults with bronchitis with high fever is observed when taking the homeopathic remedy Mercurius, if treatment is started after the first signs of inflammation appear.

More than once, patients with bronchitis have a question: is it possible to warm the chest with this disease? You will find the answer in our next article.

Duration of the disease

The state of the patient’s immunity determines how long it will take to be treated for bronchitis and what complications may arise.

On average, acute bronchitis lasts 3 weeks in adults. If the disease progresses favorably, the symptoms of inflammation can be eliminated within 2 weeks. A relapse of the chronic form of the disease is cured in approximately 20-30 days.

Acute bronchitis is an inflammatory process of the airways, which occurs due to various reasons. These can be inspection pathogens, various viruses, chemical, physical or allergic factors.

Types of acute bronchitis

Depending on the mechanism of development of inflammation, the following types of this disease are distinguished:

primary – an independent process of inflammation in the bronchi;
secondary – a complication of another existing pathology.

It should be noted that acute bronchitis of the primary type is very rare and develops as complications of other infections.

According to the level of damage, the following are distinguished:

bronchitis of the lower respiratory tract (tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis and bronchitis affecting the medium-sized bronchi);
extensive bronchitis;
segmental bronchitis.

Based on the nature of the mucus produced, bronchitis can be:

slimy;
purulent;
catarrhal;
mixed.

Causes of acute bronchitis

Depending on the factor that caused the disease, acute bronchitis can be infectious, non-infectious, or of unknown origin. Mixed forms of the disease can often be found. The main mechanism of occurrence and development of acute bronchitis is infection. The most common viruses: influenza viruses, acute respiratory viral infections, bacteria such as chlamydia, pneumococcus, staphylococcus, mycoplasma.

Pathogens enter the bronchi in several ways: hematogenous, airborne, and lymphogenous. The causes of acute bronchitis are infectious and non-infectious factors. The cause of non-infectious bronchitis may well be physical and chemical factors (smoke, dust, inhalation of toxic substances, hot air). In addition, acute bronchitis can develop in combination with an infection of physicochemical factors. People who are genetically prone to allergies may develop acute allergic bronchitis as a result of prolonged exposure to a particular allergen.

Acute bronchitis is a complication due to infection by a virus or bacteria of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx, tonsils, larynx, trachea). Factors that contribute to the occurrence of acute bronchitis: harmful working conditions, frequent hypothermia, bad habits, diet that contains few vitamins and microelements, a weakened immune system. Old people and children are most susceptible to acute bronchitis. Autumn-spring seasonality is also observed.

Hypothermia of the body, the influence of temperature fluctuations, and a long period of exposure to high humidity conditions play a significant role in the occurrence of the disease; Because of this, the incidence of the disease increases in spring and autumn.

Persons who have foci of infection in the nasopharynx (rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis) are predisposed to this disease. Bronchitis often appears in infectious diseases such as influenza, measles, whooping cough, acute respiratory infections, etc. The occurrence of acute bronchitis is facilitated by alcohol consumption, smoking, and weakening of the entire body after chronic diseases. There are cases when acute bronchitis develops due to the irritating effect of essential oils, gases, and dust.

Symptoms of the disease

On the second or third day of the disease, sputum begins to come out when coughing, and the cough becomes less painful. During prolonged coughing attacks, symptoms of acute bronchitis such as headache and dizziness are possible. Cough has a protective function, since it can promote self-cleaning of phlegm from the bronchi. In the bronchi during bronchitis, there is a gradual accumulation of sputum; it irritates the mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, causing a strong inhalation with further convulsive exhalation. Then there is a sharp increase in air pressure in the bronchi, and the opening of the glottis.

Symptoms of acute bronchitis are not standard for all cases and may vary depending on:

causes of the disease;
his character;
prevalence, severity of inflammation;
level of bronchial damage.

The first signs of acute bronchitis: symptoms of general intoxication, possible damage to both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Symptoms for secondary acute bronchitis: runny nose, sore throat, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, hoarseness. After the appearance of such symptoms, signs of general intoxication appear, such as general weakness, headache, chills, increased sweating, increased body temperature, pain in muscles and joints.

The main symptom of acute inflammation of the bronchi is a dry hacking cough, often accompanied by burning pain behind the sternum, in the abdominal muscles and lower parts of the chest. In acute bronchitis, cough is accompanied by the discharge of sputum, which changes in character and consistency depending on the stage of the disease. Initially, the sputum is viscous, released in small quantities, gradually liquefies, increases in quantity and has a serous-purulent character. Acute allergic bronchitis is manifested by a paroxysmal cough, which is caused by inhalation of an allergen, resulting in the release of transparent glassy sputum.

In acute bronchitis, which occurs after inhalation of toxic substances, cough is often accompanied by laryngospasm, suffocation and a feeling of constriction in the chest. As a result of irregular or prolonged acute bronchitis, a complication in the form of bronchiolitis may occur. In such a situation, the patient’s condition deteriorates very sharply. To the previously manifested symptoms, shortness of breath, chills with tachycardia, fever and decreased blood pressure are added. Such symptoms accompany an excited state of the nervous system, followed by drowsiness and lethargy, as a result of which the skin becomes pale and the limbs become bluish.

Clinical picture of bronchitis

The disease can be divided into three phases:

height - increase in clinical signs (phase in the form of a dry cough);
intoxication (sputum expectoration phase);
resolution - restoration of the function of the airways.

Depending on the level of body resistance, the degree of activity of microorganisms that caused acute bronchitis, the disease occurs in mild, moderate, and severe degrees.

The diagnosis of acute bronchitis is based on the described symptoms, as well as auscultatory data at the time of the absence of radiological changes in the lungs. As a result of this, performing an X-ray of the lungs, which is prescribed by a doctor in such cases, makes it possible to exclude other, more serious diseases in the form of pneumonia (pneumonia), tuberculosis, etc. According to an objective examination of the patient, it is possible to determine some expansion of the roots of the lungs, and pulmonary sound above the lungs . On auscultation, vesicular breathing with immediate hard prolonged exhalation, whistling, buzzing wheezes are heard. After 2-3 days of illness, moist medium-bubbling rales may appear, most often in large bronchi. The patient's condition improves with the onset of sputum production.

Acute symptoms begin to disappear by the end of the 1st week of the disease, but the cough may persist for another 10-14 days. The functions of the airways and bronchial mucosa are completely restored by the end of the 2nd week.

According to the laboratory examination of the patient, attention may be drawn to the detection of neutrophilic leukocytosis in the blood and an increase in ESR.

Diagnosis of acute bronchitis

Only a doctor, therapist or pulmonologist can diagnose bronchitis, since in the first days the disease can easily be mistaken for a common cold. In order to clarify the diagnosis, in addition to an objective examination, as well as listening to the bronchi with a stethoscope, instrumental and laboratory additional examination methods may be required, such as a general blood test, urine test, immunological and biochemical blood tests, as well as chest radiography, spirometry, bronchoscopy , peak flowmetry, sputum culture for microflora, as well as sensitivity to antibiotics. Only with all the results of additional studies is it possible to make a diagnosis and determine adequate treatment. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that self-medication can cause irreparable harm to the health of the entire body.

Treatment of bronchitis

Treatment of acute bronchitis must necessarily be comprehensive, aimed at persistently fighting the infection, restoring bronchial patency, and removing harmful factors. Another very important aspect of how to treat acute bronchitis is the mandatory completion of the full course of treatment, which can prevent the transition to chronic forms. In order to suppress the activity of microbial agents, antibiotics, sulfonamides or their combination with vitamins A, C and B are used.

The use of antibiotics does not completely eliminate the phenomenon of bronchospasm or restore bronchial patency. In this regard, if necessary, medications that dilate the bronchi are prescribed. A good effect, especially in the first days of the disease, is provided by mustard plasters, cupping, and hot foot baths. Alkaline inhalations, frequent drinking of hot tea, inhaling steam, hot milk with Borjomi or soda help soften the cough.

It is more advisable to use medicinal herbs or infusions that have an expectorant, diaphoretic, and antipyretic effect, and use vitamin infusions. For dry and painful coughs, antitussive drugs can be used after a doctor's prescription. At the onset of the disease, bed rest is prescribed. Such patients are not hospitalized; the doctor provides treatment at home. A prerequisite for successful treatment of the disease: the patient quits smoking. As you recover, physical therapy, massage, and restorative therapy are used. When carrying out complex treatment, the prognosis of the disease is favorable; Complications may also develop: transition to chronic forms, pneumonia.

Prevention of the disease consists of eliminating harmful factors such as humidity, hypothermia, temperature changes, stopping smoking, and eliminating occupational hazards.

Drug treatment of acute bronchitis

Drug treatment involves the use of drugs from several pharmacological groups. The basis for successful treatment of inflammation is a properly selected antibiotic. Antibiotic therapy is carried out with the following drugs:

penicillins (augmentin, amoxil, ospamox, amoxiclav);
macrolides (azithromycin, macropen);
cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefix, cefazolin, cifadox);
fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, levofloxacin).

Depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient, antibiotics are prescribed in the form of syrups, tablets, suspensions, intramuscular, and intravenous injections. The dose of the drug and the duration of treatment are determined by the doctor, but the course of antibiotic therapy lasts on average 7-10 days. It is recommended to continue taking the drug after the symptoms disappear.

Taking into account the fact that during the treatment of bronchitis a long course of antibiotic therapy is used, parallel intake of probiotics (lactovit, bifiform, linex) will be required. These drugs will restore intestinal microflora and good health. We must not forget about hepatoprotectors (Darsil, Karsil), which support and restore liver cells, which suffer from a long course of drug treatment.

Treatment with traditional medicine

Here are some tips for treating bronchitis using traditional methods.
You need to take 2 parts each of marshmallow root, chamomile and sweet clover herb (or wild rosemary) and mix. Pour 2 tablespoons of the resulting mixture into one glass of boiling water, then leave in a water bath for 30 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon of this remedy in case of poor sputum separation.

Mix part coltsfoot, 1 part plantain, 3 parts licorice root and 2 parts tricolor violet herb. Pour 2 tablespoons of this mixture with boiling water (1 cup). Next, infuse in a water bath for 30 minutes, then cool and strain.
Next, take 4 parts of marshmallow root, 2 parts of licorice root, 2 parts of coltsfoot, 1 part of dill fruit. In 2 doses: first of all, infuse 4 g of marshmallow root in 100 ml of cold water for an hour, then infuse the rest of the mixture in 100 ml of boiling water in a water bath for an hour. Drain the extracts. Take warm, a quarter cup at a time.

Mix two parts coltsfoot, 2 parts plantain leaf, 2 parts primrose flowers and 3 parts horsetail herb.
2 tablespoons of the resulting mixture are poured into a glass of boiling water. You need to leave for 30 minutes in a water bath, then cool and strain. You need to take 1/3-1/4 cup warm in the morning and evening after meals.

Mix two parts coltsfoot, 2 parts primrose flowers, 1 part anise, 1 part mint, 2 parts plantain. The method of preparing this product is the same as in the previous description. Use as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory after meals, half a glass 3-4 times a day.

A teaspoon of Icelandic moss is infused in a cup of boiling water, like ordinary tea. The patient will need to drink one cup of this tincture in the evening, just before bed. You need to drink it hot, just without burning yourself. Since this remedy is bitter, it is quite possible to add honey.

Let's consider a Siberian folk remedy that effectively helps against bronchitis and cough. You will need to grate the black radish and squeeze the juice through cheesecloth, add liquid honey, drink 2 tablespoons both before meals and before bed in the evenings.

Mix thoroughly two tablespoons of butter, 2 yolks, a teaspoon of flour, 2 teaspoons of honey. Take this mixture when coughing before meals 4-5 times a day.

The remedy presented below has been used for a long time in Russia. Consists of 1300 g of honey (linden), 1 cup of finely chopped aloe leaves, 150 g of birch buds, 200 g of olive oil and 50 g of linden blossom. Before direct preparation, you will need aloe leaves, washed with boiled water, and placed in a cold and dark place for 10 days. Then melt the honey and put aloe leaves into it, after crushing them. The mixture must be thoroughly steamed. Separately from this, birch buds and linden decoction are brewed in 2 glasses of water, everything is boiled for 1-2 minutes. Pour the strained and squeezed broth into the cooled honey. Stir, pour into 2 bottles, adding olive oil to each. Only need to be stored in a cool place. You will need to shake well before use. Take 3 times a tablespoon.

Bran is used for bronchitis and loss of voice. You will need to boil 1.8 liters of water, add 400 g of any bran. Boil again and simmer for 10 minutes. You will need to sweeten using burnt sugar. This decoction should be drunk all day instead of tea, coffee and other liquids, but should be drunk very hot. Treatment can be carried out using both medicinal and food plants. Hot milk with figs is recommended for young children with a strong cough, as a very healthy and tasty remedy.

A salad of radish and carrots, seasoned with 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil and 2 tablespoons of sour cream, works well.

A widely used dessert is made from lemon, minced with the peel and mixed with honey, pureed with apple.

Mashed potatoes, prepared with a huge amount of milk, helps relieve bronchospasm.

Oatmeal jelly with milk or sour cream is a powerful remedy for treating bronchitis.

Cranberry jelly with milk or sour cream, whipped with sugar, will give the patient the necessary amount of vitamin C, and will not harm in case of high acidity.

Grape juice, prepared directly at home, is useful for bronchial diseases.

Turnip is an excellent expectorant.

As for drug therapy, mucaltin (1-2 tablets before meals 2-3 times), bisolvone or bromhexine (1-2 tablets per day 2-3 times), broncholitin (1 tablespoon per day) has a good expectorant effect. 3-4 times a day).

Antibiotics should be used only for severe bronchitis. Treatment of acute bronchitis with antibiotics: erythromycin (4 times a day, 0.5 g), ampicillin (4 times a day, 0.5 g); it is possible to use Biseptol-480 (2 tablets, 2 times a day).

Home physiotherapy in the form of mustard plasters on the chest, back, circular cupping, paraffin or mud applications is also advisable.

Traditional medicine recipes can effectively alleviate the patient’s condition and help him recover faster. The use of such alkaline mineral water as “Borjomi”, “Essentuki No. 4”, “Polyana Kvasova” is possible as inhalation. You can also prepare warm milk by adding alkaline water. (3:1). No less effective is the use of cough syrup from red viburnum berries and sugar.

An attack of suffocating cough can be overcome by warm boiled milk with the addition of figs. To prepare it, take 1 glass of milk, as well as 1-2 figs. After the milk boils, the washed figs are placed in it and boiled for 3-5 minutes. After the milk has cooled, you need to drink this cocktail and lie down in a warm bed.

Physiotherapy and exercise therapy

For a quick recovery, it is more advisable to combine drug therapy with effective physiotherapeutic procedures, as well as a complex of exercise therapy.

Steam inhalations with herbal infusions and essential oils help cure coughs quickly and effectively. Inhalation of expectorants or Borjomi mineral water is especially effective for thinning sputum.

If the body temperature does not exceed 37 degrees, it is recommended to carry out warming thermal procedures on the chest area. Thus, in a hospital, applications of paraffin or ozokerite are prescribed; at home, they can be replaced with mustard plasters or potato cakes. These warming procedures improve blood circulation, relieve inflammation and speed up recovery.

UHF and ultrasound are simple, effective physiotherapeutic procedures that affect areas of the respiratory system, which reduces inflammation, improves blood circulation and restores damaged tissue.

If the patient is directly in hospital treatment, then professionals will take care of his health. And if acute bronchitis is treated at home, then to develop and restore the respiratory system, it is possible to perform a massage (lightly tapping on the back in the bronchi area, inflating balloons or blowing air into a glass of water through a straw). Such childish and funny procedures are a worthy replacement for medical procedures.

Prevention of acute bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is better to prevent than to treat later. To do this, it is recommended to perform a number of simple procedures: follow sanitary and hygienic rules, give up bad habits, follow a daily routine, work, rest, eat a vitamin-rich and balanced diet, strengthen the immune system, avoid hypothermia, harden up, lead an active lifestyle, and play sports.

Of course, acute bronchitis is not a death sentence, but only an inflammation of the respiratory system, which can be quickly and well treated, but only under the supervision of a qualified doctor. If the first symptoms occur, you should not hesitate; you should immediately go to the hospital to receive effective medical care.

Bronchitis is an inflammatory lesion of the bronchial mucosa, as a result of which the drainage function of the bronchial tree is disrupted.

If not treated correctly, it becomes chronic and can be complicated by pneumonia, so it is important to know the causes of its occurrence, the first symptoms and the basics of treating bronchitis at home in adults.

Damage and inflammation of the bronchial tree can occur as an independent, isolated process (primary bronchitis) or develop as a complication against the background of existing chronic diseases and previous infections (secondary bronchitis).

Damage to the mucous epithelium of the bronchi disrupts the production of secretions, the motor activity of the cilia and the process of cleansing the bronchi. There are acute and chronic bronchitis, which differ in etiology, pathogenesis and treatment.

Reasons

The most popular among them are:

Viral, bacterial and fungal diseases of the respiratory system (parainfluenza,).
Damage to the bronchi from toxins, for example from smoking or working with chemicals.
Dust pollution of the bronchi (most often found among miners).
Exposure to allergens contained in the inhaled air (for example, pollen and others).

The main mechanism for the development of bronchitis caused by infectious pathogens is the spread of the pathogen with air or sputum deep into the respiratory system. Infectious diseases most often cause an acute form of bronchitis.

Acute and chronic

Acute bronchitis is an inflammatory process of the bronchial mucosa that occurs due to a variety of reasons. These include infectious agents, viruses, chemical, physical or allergic factors. With bronchitis, the tissues along the walls of the airways swell and produce large amounts of mucus.

This is a progressive inflammation of the bronchi, manifested by a cough. It is customary to speak of the chronic nature of the process if the cough continues for at least 3 months. per year for 2 years in a row. Chronic bronchitis is the most common form of chronic nonspecific lung diseases, which tends to become more frequent.

Signs

The most important sign of bronchitis in adults has always been and remains a cough. In addition, there are other symptoms:

temperature increase: significant or insignificant;
throat spasms, painful sensations;
wheezing, difficulty breathing.

If these signs are detected, you need to decide how to treat bronchitis so that it does not cause complications.

Symptoms of bronchitis

When bronchitis occurs, cough is the main symptom. It is important to understand that coughing is actually a protective function of the body. In essence, this is an increased exhalation, with the help of which the body tries to get rid of pathogenic agents that have entered the respiratory tract (in this case, viruses, bacteria).

In addition, an adult feels general malaise, loss of appetite, fatigue, and fever. All these are manifestations of general intoxication of the body caused by inflammation of the bronchi. The temperature usually reaches high values - 38 -39⁰С. But sometimes it can be lower, it depends on the individual reactivity of the body.

As a rule, initially, but after a few days it becomes productive (wet), at which sputum is separated. The expectorated mucus when coughing may be clear or have a yellowish-gray or greenish tint.

With significant damage to the respiratory tract, small vessels of the lungs may be damaged, as a result of which blood may be present in the sputum. The period of acute symptoms for bronchitis usually lasts 3-4 days. Severe pain behind the chest is also possible. This is especially true during the period of coughing. Patients often complain of increased sweating. When the first symptoms appear, it is important to think about how to treat bronchitis and what medications to use.

Symptoms of chronic bronchitis

In chronic bronchitis, cough with scanty sputum, shortness of breath during exercise can be constant symptoms that accompany the patient throughout life.

In this case, an exacerbation of bronchitis is said to occur if there is a significant increase in the above symptoms: increased cough, increased volume of sputum, increased shortness of breath, the appearance of fever, etc.

Bronchitis in adults, especially acute, rarely occurs in isolation. Most often it is combined with symptoms (runny nose). This certainly has an impact on the overall clinical picture.

Symptoms of obstructive bronchitis

It is characterized by prolonged exhalation, accompanied by whistling, dry rales and the need to use auxiliary muscles during breathing. Periodically, an intense cough gives way to a weak one. Body temperature values may fluctuate.

Obstructive bronchitis in adults is especially physically tiring, since the act of breathing involves auxiliary muscles, there is constant tension in the muscles of the chest, back, neck, etc.

Treatment of bronchitis in adults

First of all, this is bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids. Acute bronchitis is well treated by maintaining sufficient humidity (60%) and temperature (18-20˚C) in the room where the patient is, regularly drinking warm drinks (up to 4 liters per day), and preventing changes in the temperature of the inhaled air.

How and with what to treat bronchitis in adults is a very serious question, because the outcome and prevention of complications depend on the effectiveness of treatment.

Initially, you need to quit smoking, get rid of bad habits, and stop being in conditions with harmful environmental factors. All this will maximize the effectiveness of treatment.
At the second stage, medications are prescribed that dilate the bronchi, stimulating the receptors: “Salbutamol”, “Bromide”, “Ipratropium Bromide”, “Terbutaline”, “Fenoterol” or others. This stage is primarily intended to solve breathing problems and acute states. If necessary, use (ibuprofen, paracetamol).
The third stage is the prescription of mucolytics and expectorants, which help make the sputum less thick and viscous. These drugs help to quickly clear it from the respiratory tract. Preparations of plant origin can be used - Thermopsis, Doctor Mom, marshmallow root, licorice, etc., or synthetic - Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Bromhexine, Acetylcysteine, etc.
At the fourth stage The only treatment left is antibiotics. They become necessary in the event of a bacterial infection of the bronchi or the development of complications.

Treatment of acute bronchitis should be started as soon as the diagnosis is made. The earlier treatment measures are taken, the less chance of complications developing. To cure bronchitis, you should consult a specialist. The choice of appropriate drugs depends on the severity of the process and the duration of the disease.

How to treat bronchitis at home

Inhalations for bronchitis at home are a good and effective way to treat the disease and alleviate its symptoms, especially when it is not possible to constantly visit a physiotherapy room.

Steam inhalation- This is a very affordable treatment method at home. To carry it out, you need to take a container, put suitable herbs on the bottom, for example, raspberries, linden and coltsfoot, fill everything with water and bring to a boil. You need to breathe through a funnel made of thick paper.
Inhalations with propolis– bring the water in the pan to a boil, add 3-5 ml of alcohol tincture with propolis and breathe over the steam for 5-15 minutes. You can do inhalation with pure propolis - to do this, you need to heat water in a large container, put a metal bowl with carefully crushed propolis in it - a small piece, 50 grams - and breathe over the steam.
For severe pain in the chest area and dry cough, it is very useful to do inhalation based on sea salt, 1 tablespoon of which should be dissolved in 1 liter of water. If salt is not available, you can replace it with an artificial analogue, which is prepared from 1 teaspoon of table salt, the same amount of soda and 4-5 drops of iodine per 1 liter of water.
Collection of herbs for inhalation. 50 g each of chamomile herb, sage, eucalyptus leaf, licorice, calendula. pour a liter of boiling water over the string, leave in a thermos for 2 hours, strain.

For inhalation, special devices (inhalers) and devices (nebulizers) are often used, which have a special nozzle through which, in fact, medicinal vapors and aerosols are inhaled. But in the absence of such special equipment, at home you can use improvised kitchen utensils - a kettle, a saucepan or any other container and a towel.

Antibiotics

The question of feasibility is still debatable. Many indicate that these drugs destroy the intestinal microflora and suppress the immune system. But in the absence of antibacterial therapy, the infection from the bronchi will spread to the lung tissue and pleura with the development of pneumonia and pleurisy. Prolonged fever - 3 days or more, accompanied by cough, shortness of breath, requires antibiotics.

For the treatment of bronchitis in adults, antibiotics of choice are:

penicillins (Amoxicillin, Flemoxin, Augmentin),
cephalosporins (Cefixime, Cefazolin, Claforan, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor),
macrolides (Vilpramen, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Macropen, Rovamycin),
fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Moxifloxacin), etc.

You can use a drug with antibiotics for local use - Bioparox. Antibiotics can be administered orally, parenterally, or by inhalation, such as a nebulizer.

Please note that antibacterial agents are not prescribed in all cases. Therefore, the selection of a specific drug must be approached carefully, based on the spectrum of action and the doctor’s recommendations.

Bronchitis is a disease of the respiratory system that is inflammatory in nature. It may be viral or bacterial in nature. It is recommended with the use of appropriate medications, which are selected in accordance with the causes of its occurrence.

Use of mucolytics

These medications effectively treat bronchitis and cough, as their action is aimed at thinning mucus. Most often, adult patients are recommended:

Bromhexine. These are effective tablets for bronchitis in adults, which provide high-quality sputum thinning. They are characterized by the absence of toxic effects, which allows them to be used to treat the disease in a wide range of patients. The use of the drug is not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy. The cost of the drug is 20 rubles.
Doctor Mom. This medicine for bronchitis and cough expands the lumen of the bronchi. The drug has expectorant, anti-inflammatory and decongestant properties. The use of the medication should be carried out as prescribed by a doctor, as it can cause the development of allergies. Cost – 120 rubles.
Ambrobene. The medicine has pronounced mucolytic properties. During its use, the viscosity of sputum is significantly reduced. The average price of the drug is 100 rubles.
Trypsin. This medicine is used if it is necessary to cure bronchitis as quickly as possible. With its help, viscous secretions are liquefied, and inflammation is effectively combated. The use of the drug is not recommended in case of individual intolerance to its components. It is prohibited to take the medicine if you are hypersensitive to its components.
Ambroxol. It is a classic mucolytic drug that reduces the ability of sputum to adhere. This ensures faster removal. The undeniable advantage of the drug is the minimum number of contraindications.
Alteyka. It is an expectorant drug developed on a plant basis. This ensures the safety of using the medication. It is possible to recover from the disease using this drug due to reflex stimulation of the respiratory, cough and vomiting centers. If the patient has a dry cough, then it is not recommended to use the medication, as it may intensify.

The list of the best drugs used to treat cough with bronchitis is quite wide. They can have any name. But, their action is aimed at thinning sputum, so they effectively treat coughs due to bronchitis. Only a doctor can choose the most effective remedy after conducting a preliminary examination of the patient.

Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs

During the period of bronchitis, patients are recommended to take medications that have anti-inflammatory properties. Their use is recommended in case of pain in the muscles and joints, increased body temperature, weakness and malaise. Most often, patients are recommended to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Paracetamol, Ibuprofen.

Anti-inflammatory drugs relieve swelling from the bronchi, which causes the development of bronchospasm. During the period of use of medications, signs of cough spasms are relieved. Their action is aimed at reducing body temperature. In most cases, patients are recommended to use drugs that have a combined effect. Treatment is carried out:

Erespalom. The drug is characterized by the presence of bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative properties. Adult patients are recommended to take tablets. If the drug is used incorrectly, it can lead to the development of allergic reactions. Some patients experienced nausea and vomiting after treatment with the drug.
Sinecode. This is the best remedy to eliminate the inflammatory process. The medication is also characterized by the presence of an expectorant and bronchodilator effect, which makes it possible to use it. Irrational use of the drug leads to headache, vomiting, nausea, and dizziness. Allergy symptoms may also occur.
Bronchipret. This is a strong anti-inflammatory drug based on herbal components, which ensures the safety of its use. It is prescribed for bronchitis due to the presence of antimicrobial and bronchospasmolytic effects.

For bronchitis, treatment with medications will be highly effective only if they are selected correctly. The list of anti-inflammatory drugs is quite wide, so the prescription of a specific medication should be carried out by a doctor.

Therapy with antibacterial and antiviral agents

The treatment regimen for bronchitis is developed in accordance with the characteristics of its course. If the patient produces purulent sputum, this may indicate both a bacterial and viral nature of the disease. In this case, it is recommended to use drugs that block microbial protein synthesis. In most cases, it is recommended to take alpha and gamma interferons and antiviral agents:

Kipferon;
Genferon;
Viferon.

The use of antibacterial drugs is also recommended. In most cases, antibiotics are prescribed, which have a wide spectrum of action. Their action is aimed at combating a variety of pathogenic microorganisms.

Inexpensive but effective drugs are macrolides. Rovamycin has excellent properties and is easy to use. Also, for the treatment of the pathological process, the use of protected synthetic penicillins – Amsoxicillin – is recommended. The drug helps in the fight against the disease and does not require a preliminary sputum analysis. If the patient is diagnosed with the onset of the disease, then the use of cephalosporins, for example, Cefuroxime, is necessary.

Antibacterial and antiviral drugs are often used for chronic bronchitis in the acute stage. The dosage regimen is determined by the doctor in accordance with the characteristics of the pathology.

Treatment with bronchodilators

If a patient is diagnosed with incipient bronchitis, this is often accompanied by spasms in the bronchi. This symptomatology is pronounced, which requires its timely relief. Recommended use against spasms:

Anticholinergics. Treatment with Atrovent, Ipratorim bromide, and Troventol is recommended.
Adrenergic agonists. Therapy is carried out using Saventol, Salbutamol, Saltos.
Methylxanthines. In most cases, therapy with Eufillin is recommended from this group of drugs.

At the moment, means of combined action have been developed. They include properties of several groups. During the course of the pathological process, the use of Bronholitin is recommended.

Carrying out inhalations

To combat cough, the use of inhalations is recommended. Experts advise using medications that have bronchodilator properties. The main advantage of the drugs is that they are absolutely safe to use. The drugs are prescribed to patients who have chronic obstructive bronchitis.

In order to relieve attacks of shortness of breath and bronchospasms, it is recommended to use:

Salbutamol;
Fenoterol;
Magnesium sulfate.

If pathological processes occur in the bronchi, then the use of agents that have expectorant properties is recommended. Patients are prescribed Lazolvan, which is an analogue of Bromhexine, for inhalation. Experts recommend inhalations using anti-inflammatory medications:

4 percent Gentamicin;
Rotokana;
Interferon;
0.5 percent Dioxidine.

In order to ensure the highest quality sputum discharge, it is recommended to use inhalation solutions, the main component of which is Fluimucil. They belong to the category of combination drugs and are antibiotics that have a wide spectrum of action. In acute cases of the disease, treatment with Lazolvan and Ambrobene, which are previously diluted with saline, is recommended.

Effective medicines

There is a group of drugs that are widely used for bronchitis, as they have a high effect. Patients are prescribed:

Dexamethasone. It is a synthetic glucocorticosteroid, which is characterized by the presence of anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties. Initially, the medicine is recommended to be used in high dosage. After achieving the highest therapeutic effect, the dosage of the drug is gradually reduced. It is calculated in accordance with the individual characteristics and severity of the disease. The medicine is produced in the form of tablets for oral administration and ampoules for injection, which makes it possible to select the most convenient treatment regimen for the patient. If the drug is used incorrectly, conjunctival hyperemia, lacrimation, and allergic reactions occur. No cases of drug overdose have been recorded.
Metronidazole. It is an antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent, which allows it to fight bronchitis, which is infectious in nature. Patients are recommended to take the medicine 1-2 tablets three times a day. The course of treatment with the drug is 10 days. If necessary, the doctor can extend it. If the patient has leukopenia or hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, then its use is strictly prohibited. Contraindications to the use of the drug are pregnancy and lactation. The drug is not prescribed to patients who develop severe renal failure. If you use the medicine if there are contraindications, you may experience the development of nausea, vomiting, irritability, dizziness, and hallucinations.
Kagocel. Belongs to the category of interferons that have antiviral properties. After taking the medicine orally, its maximum concentration is reached after 2 days. If you take the medicine in a therapeutic dosage, the toxicity of the drug is reduced. There is no accumulation of the drug in the body. A high level of effectiveness of the drug is observed when it is used in the early stages of the disease. In case of lactase deficiency or drug intolerance, the use of the drug is not recommended. It is also not used during pregnancy and lactation. In some cases, allergic reactions are observed. If undesirable effects occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor, who will adjust the dosage of the medicine or replace it with an analogue. It is allowed to simultaneously use immunomodulators, antiviral drugs, and antibiotics.
Ozokerite. The drug has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The drug has low thermal conductivity and high heat capacity. This allows bronchitis to be treated with heat. The drug is used in the form of compresses. Ozokerite must first be melted. Gauze is moistened in the resulting product and applied to the skin in the bronchi area. Thanks to the warming properties of the medicine, bronchitis is treated as quickly as possible. The use of the medicine must be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions. Otherwise, undesirable effects may occur in the form of skin burns and balneological reactions.

Treatment of bronchitis in adult patients is carried out using medications that belong to different groups. The selection of a specific medicine is carried out by the doctor in accordance with the characteristics of the disease and after carrying out appropriate diagnostic measures.