Regulations on the research society at the museum. Regulations on the procedure and conditions for access to museum objects and museum collections
REGULATIONS ABOUT THE MUSEUM OF COSSACKS, ETHNOGRAPHY AND CULTURE OF THE AZOV REGION SSC RAS
1. General provisions
1.1. The museum is a research, cultural and educational structural unit of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences - the founder of the museum, designed to conduct research work on a comprehensive study of the settlements of the Don Delta and the development of academic science in the South of Russia; collect, store, study and exhibit monuments of material and spiritual culture; popularize the scientific achievements of the center and its subordinate structures among the population and employees of the organization; to promote the improvement of professional qualifications of scientific personnel in terms of developing problem-solving skills, and to improve the image of a professional scientist.
1.2. The founder of the Museum is the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
1.3. The official name of the Museum: Museum of Cossacks, Ethnography and Culture of the Azov Region.
1.4. Location of the Museum: 346770, Rostov region, Azov district, village. Kagalnik, st. Beregovaya, 58 a.
1.5. The management of the Museum is carried out by the head, appointed and dismissed by order of the Chairman of the SSC RAS - the founding organization.
1.6. The Museum in its activities is guided by Federal laws, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, acts of the President and Government of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Charter of the Founding Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, orders of the Chairman of the Scientific Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, these Regulations on the Museum, in terms of accounting and storage of funds - the Federal Law on museum fund of the Russian Federation and museums of the Russian Federation, Instructions for accounting and storage of museum funds and other documents defining the activities of museums in the Russian Federation.
1.7. The museum, as a structural unit of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is financed by the founder of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The remuneration of full-time employees is established by the staffing schedule. The material and technical support of the museum is provided for by the cost estimate for the year, which is drawn up by the head of the museum in agreement with the head of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the founding organization.
1.8. To provide material support for its activities, the Museum uses the property assigned to it: premises, furniture, equipment, inventory.
1.9. The museum conducts office work in accordance with the nomenclature of cases approved by the office of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the founding organization.
1.10. The regulations on the Museum and its structure, as well as changes and additions made to them, are approved by the chairman of the founding organization.
1.11. Reorganization (transformation, separation, affiliation, division) or liquidation of the Museum is carried out by decision of the founding organization and on the basis of the relevant order.
2. Goals and objectives of the Museum
2.1. The main goal of the Museum’s activities is the most complete representation and disclosure, with the help of museum collections, of the history of the development of academic science in the South of Russia in the post-Soviet period, the historically established ethnographic originality of the culture of the population of the Don Delta in the natural, economic and socio-historical context.
2.2. The main objectives of the Museum are:
- documenting the activities of the SSC RAS in the region by identifying, collecting, studying and storing museum objects; documenting the professional achievements of employees of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and scientific departments subordinate to the center; organization of cultural, educational, methodological, informational and other activities related to the Museum, permitted by law;
- organization of long-term stationary observations of the forms of existence and processes of transformation of the traditional culture of fishermen of the Don Delta;
- collecting a collection of ethnographic and historical artifacts that characterize the uniqueness of the everyday and festive life of the population of the Don Delta;
- collection of literary and archival material, samples of fishing vehicles, fishing gear, navigational instruments and other types of exhibits, personal property of the indigenous inhabitants of the study area to replenish the Museum’s funds;
- setting up experiments in line with testing and developing methods of oral historical and ethnolinguistic research;
- processing, systematization of stored and incoming exhibits and materials, maintaining their records;
- creation and updating of permanent and temporary exhibitions, organization and holding of exhibitions, excursions, lectures on the Museum’s profile;
- preparation of responses to requests on the ethnoculture of the Don Delta and the history of academic science in the South of Russia within the framework of the information and data from historical and literary sources available in the Museum;
- publication of books, brochures and other information media on the subject of the collection and the profile of the Museum.
3. Accounting and ensuring the safety of the Museum’s funds
3.1. The museum fund consists of the following collections:
a) collections of artifacts on the topics “Traditional water and fishing vehicles of the Don Delta”, “Fishing tools”, “Fish processing tools”, “Kitchen and table utensils”, “Trade equipment”, “Cutting and sewing: tools, samples”, “House-building traditions: tools, building materials, samples of construction techniques”, “Interior items”, “Cossacks of the Lower Don”, “Witnesses of the era of upheavals: weapons and household items of the Civil and Patriotic Wars”; "Traditional spiritual culture: objects of Christian worship, equipment of folk rituals"; "Soviet rural culture: 1930-1980s";
b) collections of original documents and photographic materials;
c) a digital database, including audio, photo and video materials of current field research, digitized copies of documents and photographic materials stored by the population and a thematic selection of published sources and research.
3.2. The museum fund belongs to the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
3.3. The accounting of museum objects in the Museum’s collection is carried out separately for the main and scientific-auxiliary funds:
- accounting of museum items from the main fund is carried out in the inventory book of the Museum;
- accounting of scientific and auxiliary materials is carried out in the book of accounting of scientific and auxiliary funds.
3.4. The head of the Museum is responsible for the safety of the Museum's funds.
4. Structure of the Museum
4.1. The museum consists of the following divisions: research, office, exhibition, fund and archive.
4.2. The structure and staffing of the Museum is approved by the head of the founding organization.
4.3. The Museum's full-time employee is the manager, who also serves as the chief custodian of the collections.
4.4. The head of the Museum is appointed by order of the Chairman of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
4.5. The functions of specialists in exhibition work, desk processing of collections and archives, and guides are performed by employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science of the Institute of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Research of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISEGI SSC RAS) and the Coastal Scientific Expedition Base "Kagalnik" SSC RAS on conditions for combining responsibilities.
5. Rights of the Museum
5.1. The Museum has the right to maintain working contacts with museums in its region, Russia, foreign countries and press organs, to participate in scientific and practical conferences, seminars, and round tables on the Museum’s profile.
5.2. The museum is eligible for additional funding through donations.
5.3. To ensure its office work, the Museum takes advantage of the opportunities provided by the office of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
6. Responsibilities of the Museum
6.1. The head of the Museum bears full responsibility for the quality and timeliness of fulfillment of the tasks assigned by these Regulations to the Museum, as well as for its property.
6.2. The level of responsibility of Museum employees is established by job descriptions.
7. Museum opening hours
7.1. The Museum conducts excursions based on requests submitted in advance and agreed with the head of the Museum.
7.2. Entrance to the Museum is carried out on the basis of the Instructions for access and intra-facility regime, approved by the Chairman of the SSC RAS, and an application for an excursion.
1. General provisions
1.1.
1.1. State budgetary cultural institution "Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore" (the short name of the museum is "Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore" - SOKM), is a non-profit research and educational cultural institution engaged in the storage, study and public presentation of museum collections and objects – monuments of cultural heritage, history and nature of the Sakhalin region.
1.2. The Museum organizes scientific research work in accordance with Article 2.3.3. Museum Charter.
1.3. The museum has a specially formed museum fund of objects and collections over a long period of time, a staff of workers, and works to identify, scientifically acquire, store, study, introduce into scientific circulation, restore and popularize monuments of natural history, material and spiritual culture, which are primary sources for study nature and history of the Sakhalin region and authentic documentary material for creating expositions and exhibitions.
1.4. The scientific research activity of the museum is one of its main activities and the basis for the functioning of the museum.
1.5. Research work in the museum is carried out in two directions:
The first direction is the study of the museum collection and monuments (including immovable monuments, natural history monuments). The study of these objects is the main focus of museum research. This area of research work is associated with the sciences, the source material of which is presented in the museum: geology, biology, archeology, history and is carried out by the corresponding scientific structural divisions of the museum - the exhibition and research department (which includes specialists - geologists, biologists, archaeologists, historians) and collections storage department.
Research work in the museum is determined by directions characteristic of the current state of the relevant branches of science, and is carried out in active cooperation with research institutes.
Museum research in scientific disciplines is focused on the possibility of their further use in museum work: research, scientific fund, exhibition, publishing, scientific and educational.
The scientific research work of the museum is reflected in scientific conferences, symposiums, readings, etc. The publication of materials from these forums records the scientific work of the museum.
The second direction is museological research. They are carried out directly on the basis of museology and related disciplines (sociology, pedagogy, psychology). The group of museological studies includes:
- development of museum concepts and individual areas of museum activity;
- scientific design of expositions and exhibitions;
- development of forms and methods of cultural and educational activities;
- development of problems of ensuring the physical safety of museum collections;
- research into the history of museums in the Sakhalin region;
- general theoretical museological research.
For the successful implementation of museological research, museological education of the scientific team, knowledge of the latest achievements of museology, psychology, sociology, and pedagogy by employees is required. Increasing the museological education of scientific staff is achieved by systematically training them in advanced training courses, internships in regional and central museums of the country, participation in seminars, etc.
1.6. In accordance with the functional features of the museum, the following areas of scientific museum activity are distinguished:
Scientific acquisition of funds is a systematic and purposeful activity of the museum to identify objects of museum significance that correspond to the profile of the museum, their acquisition and systematization in the funds. Includes:
1. Development of a scientific concept for acquisition. This document contains information about the structure and composition of the museum fund, defines the goals, objectives, directions, principles, forms and methods of acquisition.
2. Development of criteria for selecting materials for the collection in order to document natural history (natural), historical processes in the region.
Scientific fund work includes:
1. Research work with museum funds - studying museum objects and collections and revealing their scientific, historical, artistic significance.
The process of studying museum collections consists of the following stages:
- attribution (definition) of a museum object;
- classification;
- systematization.
For each museum item, an inventory card is compiled, which is entered into the museum’s computer database. The card contains basic information obtained as a result of studying the museum object. A set of cards on paper form an inventory file. The museum's computer database and inventory card file are the basis for compiling catalogs and reviews of collections.
2. Development of scientific foundations for the preservation of museum objects.
3. Preparation of a scientific concept of collection work, which gives a systematic idea of the museum’s activities in accounting, storage, scientific processing, conservation and restoration of museum collections. The concept defines the structure and composition of the museum collection, and the features of its condition.
The concept of stock work is an integral part of the general concept of museum development; it is used in the development of concepts for other areas of museum work, in the creation of cultural and educational programs and projects.
Scientific design of expositions and exhibitions, which includes the creation of scientific documentation of expositions and exhibitions:
- scientific concept;
- thematic structure;
- thematic and exhibition plans;
- texts and annotations for the exhibition.
1.7. The results of scientific research work, recorded in the form of written documentary materials, photographs, films, videos, graphic documents, photographic records, etc., enter the scientific archive of the museum.
The results of research by museum staff are published in the form of collection catalogs, theses, scientific articles, monographs, guidebooks, and popular science articles.
The fact of publishing the results of scientific research is official recognition of their introduction into scientific circulation.
2.Organization of research work in the museum.
2.1. The museum carries out research work: scientific acquisition and scientific study of museum objects and collections, creates a computer information retrieval system based on its collections, carries out scientific research, organizes and conducts scientific expeditions and business trips around the island. Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, prepares scientific reports, develops scientific concepts for the museum, scientific projects for expositions and exhibitions, organizes expositions, prepares for publication stock materials, results of scientific expeditions, business trips, organizes scientific conferences and seminars, participates in scientific forums in Russia and abroad, maintains scientific relations with Russian and foreign research institutions, conducts historical and cultural expertise, consultations (clause 2.31 - 2.3.6 of the Charter of the state budgetary cultural institution "Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore", approved by the Minister of Culture of the Sakhalin Region I.V. . Gonyukova, order dated May 23, 2011 No. 70-ra).
The organization and general management of research work in the museum is entrusted to the deputy director of the museum for core activities and research work.
2.2. Research works (R&D) at the Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore include:
- research in the field of natural history of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, the history of human society on the islands from the ancient past to modern history, research of the state museum fund;
- analysis, attribution, definition and scientific description, systematization of museum objects, their certification and cataloging;
- creation of a computer database of objects and collections stored in the museum’s funds, an information retrieval system based on the museum’s collections;
- development of scientific concepts and programs for acquiring funds;
- compilation of indexes, booklets, prospectuses, maps, catalogues, indexes, reference books, thematic card indexes and dictionaries, descriptions and reviews of collections, archaeological monuments;
- preparation for publication of monographs, scientific articles, albums, booklets, guidebooks, messages, theses, reports, comments;
- development of scientific programs (projects) for the study and presentation of museum collections (under grants);
- development of scientific concepts for expositions, exhibitions, thematic structures, thematic and exhibition plans, exhibition scenarios, detailed annotations and annotated lists of objects;
- creation of an “Electronic exposition” of the museum;
- preparation of sightseeing and thematic excursions around the museum’s exhibition, lectures corresponding to the topics of the department, with mandatory listening to excursions and lectures by the scientific and methodological council and obtaining permission to conduct excursions and give lectures.
- presentation of prepared scientific reports and messages at conferences, seminars, symposiums, meetings of scientists, scientific and methodological councils;
- preparation of scientific reports on the results of expeditions and scientific trips, on the results of studying the museum audience and the perception of museum communication means by visitors;
- development of ways to improve the physical safety of museum objects, methods of combating their destruction, new principles of conservation and restoration, development of appropriate practical recommendations;
- historical and archival research, selection, study and processing of materials;
- creation, expansion and improvement of factual databases, a security videographic bank, as well as databases of technical and technological research of museum objects and their restoration, finding ways to obtain and use various types of digitized images;
- development of scientific and methodological materials in the field of museum affairs, including methodological developments on scientific and educational work (excursion, lecture, study group, etc.) and museum pedagogy, educational and educational programs, cycles of museum events;
- reviewing scientific works, opposing, preparing reviews of dissertations;
- consulting (oral and written), preparing responses to scientific and thematic inquiries, conducting historical and cultural examinations;
- preparation of dissertations for an academic degree;
- preparation of certificates, reports, analytical materials on scientific issues;
- development of regulatory, statistical and analytical documents on research, scientific and organizational work and training of scientific personnel;
- management of research work.
2.3. The directions of scientific research of SOCM are determined by the tasks and goals of the museum.
The research topic must correspond to the statutory activities and scientific profile of the museum, be characterized by the novelty of the issues being considered or the formulation of problems, the source study coverage or aspects of their analysis, the originality of the research methodology or previously unknown facts.
The development of topics is carried out mainly on the basis of museum materials and scientific trips and expeditions.
If several scientific departments of SOKM or, in addition to the museum, other scientific organizations participate in the implementation of research work, then such research work is considered complex (CRW).
2.4. Each employee holding a scientific position (junior researcher, researcher, senior researcher, leading researcher, chief curator, head of the scientific department, head of the scientific sector, scientific secretary, deputy director of the museum for main activities and research work ), must conduct research work in accordance with the list set out in clause 2.2 of these Regulations.
A research topic (scientific project) proposed by a researcher or recommended to him, approved by the department in which the corresponding employee works, is submitted for consideration to the scientific and methodological council or the Academic Council.
To consider the research topic at the scientific and methodological council, the researcher presents its detailed justification, a step-by-step plan, an indicative list of partner organizations whose materials are expected to be used in the process of the planned research, as well as a list of proposed business trips and expeditions. The justification should indicate the relevance and expected results of the research work, possible ways to implement its results and volume (in quantitative terms, depending on the nature of the work - printed sheets, cards, passports, storage units, etc.), the planned completion date of the research work.
Approval of the topic is the basis for providing the relevant researcher with library days and business trips, both local and outside the region, foreign business trips, expedition equipment related to the implementation of planned research.
Materials for consideration of complex scientific research work (CRW) at the scientific-methodological or Academic Council are presented by the head of the research team.
2.5. If research is carried out by several researchers of one department, then the head of one of them. Appoints the department as the head of a team of researchers.
The candidacy of the head of the research team, as well as the KNIR (agreed upon between the heads of scientific departments involved in this work), must be approved by the deputy director of the museum for main activities and research work, the director of the museum.
The scientific supervisor of a topic on scientific research can be appointed as the deputy director of the museum for core activities and research work.
Responsible executors, leaders of research teams and scientific supervisors of research and development works are approved by the annual work plan of the museum or by a separate order of the museum director upon the proposal of the deputy. museum director for core activities and research work.
2.6. After the research topic is approved by the scientific and methodological council, it can be included in the museum’s research plan.
For a new employee of a research unit or an employee who has completed research on a planned topic, the topic of the new research work must be determined no later than three months from the date of appointment to the position of researcher or from the date of completion of the planned research work.
2.7. Direct supervision of research work in a scientific department is carried out by its head, who is responsible for:
- correspondence of the subject matter to the tasks and profile of the museum;
- timely selection of a topic by a new researcher and a new topic by an employee who has completed research work, as well as the introduction of these topics for consideration by the scientific and methodological council and their inclusion in the museum’s work plan;
- relevance of the research being carried out;
- ensuring the completion of research in a given volume;
- compliance with the planned deadlines for completing the main stages and work in general;
- justification for adjusting the scope and timing of research work;
- organization of review (review) of completed works or their main stages;
- expediency and rationality of the use of working time by researchers;
- content, timeliness and completeness of the report on the implementation of research work. In this case, the report must briefly and specifically indicate the names of publications, their volumes in printed or author's sheets (p.p., a.l.), places, numbers, dates and names of publications; titles of reports, messages, lectures and places. where and when these performances took place; names of prepared manuscripts and their volume in pp., al., cards, objects, etc.; expeditions and business trips carried out, their main results, as well as other information related to the research carried out, at the discretion of the researcher (team) and the head of the scientific department.
2.8. The responsible person and the team leader must take an active part in the publication of scientific works by:
- working on the manuscript with the editor,
- scientific editing of collective works,
- proofreading textual publications,
- reviewing prepared publications.
2.9. Research work is considered completed if, based on its results, a final report is prepared with the attachment of work materials prepared for implementation (manuscripts of a monograph, album, article, review, report, historical background, scientific report on the results of the expedition, guidebook, catalog, maps, written source prepared for publication , archival material, index, card index, methodology, concept, detailed structure, thematic and exhibition plan, etc.). and the results of the research are reviewed and accepted by the scientific and methodological council or the Academic Council.
The final (reporting) materials on research work must be transferred to the scientific archive of the museum in accordance with the established procedure.
2.10. The most important research projects and research programs, by decision of the museum administration or on the recommendation of the scientific and methodological council, are considered and approved by the Museum’s Academic Council, which evaluates the results of such research and develops recommendations for their implementation (clause 3 of the Regulations on the Museum’s Academic Council, dated June 1, 2006 .).
2.11. The right to use the results of the creative activity of a researcher (team), embodied in the manuscript of a work of science created within the framework of labor legal relations, i.e. according to the plan, using museum materials during working hours, taking into account the financial costs of the museum, goes to the employer (Law of the Russian Federation on Copyright and Related Rights of July 9, 1993). In other words, this scientific work does not fully possess copyright, because is the property not only of the researcher (team), as a result of his direct creative activity, but also of the museum, as an organization that has provided the opportunity for the researcher’s creative work and is interested in using the result of this work.
2.12. In order to protect the copyright of published materials from museum collections, they are not issued to anyone without the consent of the researcher (team leader) before the publication is published or the manuscript is deposited. In exceptional cases, upon notification of the researcher, other persons may be familiarized with these materials only with the permission of the deputy. museum director for core activities and research work or museum director.
2.13. Publication of research materials carried out by museum researchers on the basis of the museum’s funds and scientific archive is carried out by decision of the museum’s editorial and publishing council in the museum’s annual publications: Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum and other museum publications. However, a museum employee has the right to publish research materials through other publishing houses. If: the results of research work of a museum employee, images of objects, documents, photographs, etc. from the funds and scientific archive of the museum are published, the author must agree on the terms of such publication with the deputy. director of the museum for core activities and research work or the director of the museum, obtain written permission from the museum for such publication in accordance with the Rules for the use of museum collections of the Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore (approved by order of the director of SOKM, dated January 28, 2005, No. 22).
&nb sp &n bsp Deputy museum director for core activities
&nb sp &n bsp and scientific research work G. V. Matyushkov
Literature
Vorontsova, E. A. Museum affairs in Russia / E. A. Vorontsova, Yu. U. Guralnik, S. F. Kazakova, M. E. Kaulen and others.; Under general ed. M. E. Kaulen, I. M. Kossova, A. A. Sundieva; Retraining Academy arts, culture and tourism workers; Russian Institute of Cultural Studies of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. – M.: Publishing house “VK”, 2003. – 614 p. (P. 253272).
Project dossier
In accordance with the Federal Law of May 26, 1996 N54-FZ "On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and museums in the Russian Federation" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, N22, Art. 2591; 2003, N2, Art. 167; 2004, N35, art. 3607; 2008, N30, art. 3616; 2010, N19, art. 2291; 2011, N 9, art. 1206; 2016, N27 (part II), art. 4290) order:
1. Approve the attached Regulations on organizing citizens’ access to museum objects and museum collections located in museums.
2. Send this order for state registration to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.
3. Control over the implementation of this order is entrusted to the First Deputy Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation V.V. Aristarkhov.
| Minister | V.R.Medinsky |
Position
on organizing citizens' access to museum objects and museum collections located in museums
1. These Regulations, in accordance with the Federal Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation,” determine the procedure for organizing citizens’ access to museum objects and museum collections located in museums.
2. Regulations on the procedure and conditions for access to museum objects and museum collections are approved by the head of the museum, taking into account the requirements established by paragraphs 3-11 of these Regulations, and are brought to the attention of citizens by these organizations by posting information on the official websites of organizations in the information and communication network " Internet".
3. Citizens’ access to museum objects and museum collections, including those located in museum repositories and information about them, is realized through:
1) educational and educational events;
2) presenting museum objects and museum collections to the public through public display, reproduction in printed publications, on electronic and other types of media, posting information about museum objects and museum collections on the Internet information and telecommunications network;
3) publication and dissemination of information containing information about the activities of the organization in the field of storage, study and public presentation of cultural property, taking into account information constituting a state secret or relating to other restricted access information protected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
4) publication of the results of scientific research work, taking into account information constituting a state secret or relating to other restricted access information protected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. Access to museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund and located in the exhibition premises is organized at hours most convenient for visitors, including in the evening, on weekends and holidays.
5. The organization of visitor access to the exhibition premises, the placement of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund is carried out in compliance with the requirements established by the Uniform Rules for lighting and humidity of premises, taking into account the thematic content of the exhibition, the number of visitors who can be in the premises at the same time indoors.
6. To organize and ensure citizens’ access to museum objects and museum collections, the museum posts the following information on the museum’s official website on the Internet:
1) full and abbreviated name of the organization;
2) the address of the location of the organization and its structural divisions that exhibit museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund;
3) telephone number of the organization’s help desk;
4) email address of the organization;
5) information about the organization’s work schedule;
6) regulations on the procedure and conditions for access to museum objects and museum collections;
7) a list of services provided by the organization, the procedure for their provision, the cost of services, the availability of benefits;
8) calendar plans for events, including events with persons under eighteen years of age and people with disabilities;
9) the procedure for familiarizing disabled people with museum objects and museum collections;
10) the results of scientific research work related to the storage, study and public presentation of cultural property, taking into account information constituting a state secret or relating to other restricted access information protected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
7. Access of a person performing research work on the storage, study and public presentation of cultural property to the museum to work with museum objects and museum collections, in the archive and library of the museum is carried out on the basis of an application from the head of the legal entity in which the person performs research work.
8. The application specified in paragraph 7 of these Regulations is submitted to the head of the museum.
The statement states:
1) last name, first name, patronymic (if available), academic degree (if available), scientific title (if available), citizenship (nationality) of the person performing research work;
2) the topic and timing of the research work;
3) scientific tasks that are set for the researcher;
4) what museum objects and museum collections, archival documents are expected to be familiarized with by the person performing the research work;
6) the need to reproduce museum objects and museum collections based on the results of research work (on paper, in electronic form);
7) the date by which a report on the results of research work will be submitted to the museum;
8) the conditions under which the museum can use the results of research work.
9. The head of the museum, within ten working days, makes a decision on the possibility of access for a person performing research work to museum objects and museum collections.
The grounds for refusal to satisfy the application specified in paragraph 7 of these Regulations are:
1) the absence in the application of the information provided for in paragraph 66 of these Regulations;
2) unsatisfactory state of preservation of museum objects and museum collections, confirmed by the minutes of the meeting of the restoration council;
3) restoration work is being carried out in relation to museum objects and museum collections on the date of filing the application;
4) the location of a museum object for restoration outside the museum, indicating the details of the contract for restoration work in relation to museum objects and museum collections;
5) finding museum objects and museum collections on temporary (permanent) exhibition in other organizations;
6) information about a museum object and a museum collection constitutes a state secret or belongs to other restricted access information protected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
If a decision is made to refuse to satisfy the application specified in paragraph 7 of these Regulations, the head of the museum, within ten working days, notifies the organization to which the application was sent in writing, indicating the reasons for the refusal to satisfy the application.
If a museum object and museum collection are on temporary (permanent) exhibition in other organizations, the museum’s notification shall indicate the planned timing of the return of museum objects and museum collections to the museum.
In the event of an unsatisfactory state of preservation of museum objects and museum collections, the notification indicates the details of the minutes of the meeting of the restoration council and informs when the restoration of the museum object and museum collection will be carried out. If the restoration of a museum object and museum collection is not planned within three years from the date of the decision by the head of the museum to refuse the application, then the admission of the person carrying out scientific research work to museum objects and museum collections is carried out by the museum in agreement with federal executive body in the field of culture.
10. Admission of a person performing research work to museum objects and museum collections is issued by order of the head of the museum, which indicates:
1) the procedure for organizing the work of a person performing research work with museum objects and museum collections;
2) last name, first name and patronymic (if any) of the museum employee who is responsible for interaction with the person performing research work;
3) the conditions for mentioning the museum and the conditions for reproducing museum objects and museum collections, information about which was used in the course of research work;
4) period of research work;
11. Access to museum objects and museum collections, information about which constitutes a state or other secret protected by law, is carried out in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on state secrets or other restricted access information protected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Reference to the order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation
dated ___ _______ 2016 N ___ "On approval of the Regulations on organizing citizens' access to museum objects and museum collections located in museums"
1. Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation dated ___ _______ 2016 N ___ “On approval of the Regulations on organizing citizens’ access to museum objects and museum collections located in museums” (hereinafter referred to as the Order) was issued in order to implement Part 7 of Article 35 of the Federal Law dated May 26, 1996 N54-FZ "On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and museums in the Russian Federation."
The subject of legal regulation of the Order is relations related to the organization of citizens' access to museum objects and museum collections located in museums.
The preparation and publication of the Order are aimed at increasing citizens' access to museum objects and museum collections, including those located in museum depositories.
The order approves a provision providing for citizens' access to museum objects and museum collections, including those located in museum repositories and information about them.
The order does not require the invalidation, suspension, amendment or adoption of other departmental regulatory legal acts.
2. In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2012 N 851 “On the procedure for disclosure by federal executive authorities of information on the preparation of draft regulatory legal acts and the results of their public discussion” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, N36, Art. 4902; N52 Art. 7507; 2014 N32, Art. 4502; 2015, N6, Art. 965, N31, Art. 4692) The order was posted on the official website regulation.gov.ru from ___ to ___ for public discussion and independent anti-corruption examination.
The Ministry of Culture of Russia did not receive comments and suggestions within the specified time frame.
In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 26, 2010 N 96 “On approval of the Rules for conducting anti-corruption examination of regulatory legal acts and draft regulatory legal acts” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N10, Art. 1084; 2012, N52, Art. 7507 ; 2013, N13, Art. 1575, N48, Art. 6278; 2015, N6, Art. 965, N30, Art. 4604) The order for the purpose of conducting an independent anti-corruption examination was posted on the official website regulation.gov.ru from ___ to ___ .
Expert comments were not received by the Russian Ministry of Culture within the specified time frame.
3. When preparing the Order of the Ministry of Culture of Russia, the following legislative acts were used:
Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1994, N32, Art. 3301);
Federal Law of May 26, 1996 N54-FZ “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, N22, Art. 2591; 2003, N2, Art. 167; 2007, N27, Art. .3213; 2010, N19, art. 2291; 2011, N9, art. 1206; 2014, N49 (part VI), art. 6928).
4. Responsible for state registration with the Ministry of Justice of Russia is the head of the department of the Museum Fund of the Department of Cultural Heritage Natalya Vasilievna Chechel tel. 8 495 6291010 (ext. 1498).
| Director of Regulatory Affairs department |
N.V. Romashova |
Document overview
A draft regulation has been developed on organizing citizens' access to museum objects and collections located in museums.
Thus, citizens’ access to such objects and collections and information about them will occur, in particular, through educational and educational activities; presenting museum objects and collections to the public through public display, reproduction in printed publications, on electronic and other types of media, and posting information about them on the Internet.
Access to museum objects and collections located in the exhibition premises will be organized at hours most convenient for visitors (in the evening, on weekends and holidays).
To ensure citizens' access to museum objects and collections, the museum will post relevant information on the official website (name of the organization, address of its location, telephone number of its help desk).
The admission of a person performing research work to museum objects and collections will be issued by order of the head of the museum.
The place of scientific research in the activities of the museum. Museum as a research center - history. Two directions of the museum's research work. Research component in certain areas of museum activity. Organization of research work in the museum.
Research work is the basis of functioning, one of the leading activities of any museum - federal, municipal or departmental, located in the center or a remote area, with a staff of several hundred people or just two. Of course, the volume, organization, and specifics of this work will be different in different museums, as well as the qualifications of the specialists working in them.
Each new generation brings its own nuances to the understanding of the essence of the museum, and, consequently, its activities, which are determined by the characteristics of a particular era. But in different periods of history, despite the peculiarities inherent in museums and the era, museums are research centers on the one hand, and cultural and educational centers on the other.
The historical development of museums allows us to trace their constant connection with science. In certain periods, museum collections became the basis for fundamental and applied research in a number of fields of science; prominent scientists worked in museums, discoveries important for science were made within their walls, and fundamental works were created.
By the mid-20s of the XX century. Two different approaches to the role of museum research have emerged. On the one hand, the view of the museum as a research institution was strengthened; on the other hand, the tendency to limit the activities of museums to the role of “political education centers” was constantly making its way and by the end of the 1920s was intensifying. Thus, a heated debate on this issue developed in the commission for the reorganization of the State Historical Museum and in the process of developing the “Regulations” on the State Historical Museum, during the preparation of the decree on the nationalization of the Tretyakov Gallery, etc.
However, already in 1918, the museums of the republic were transferred to the jurisdiction of the scientific department of the People's Commissariat of Education, and since 1922, the “Main Directorate of Scientific, Scientific-Artistic, Museum and Nature Conservation Institutions” - Glavnauka - was created in the Narkompros system. During this period, the importance of transforming museums from repositories of scientific materials into research centers and intensifying scientific research in museums was emphasized.
The struggle between supporters of the two above-mentioned views on the museum became particularly acute towards the end of the 1920s. Discussions continued at the First All-Russian Museum Congress and subsequent conferences and meetings of museum workers, on the pages of the magazine "Soviet Museum". On the one hand, scientific research intensified in the museum practice of some museums by the end of the 1930s, and the standard regulations of 1936 defined museums of the local region as “research and political-educational institutions.” On the other hand, at the same time, in relation to the bulk of museums, the tendency to limit their role as scientific institutions and to curtail research work prevailed.
Attention to scientific research in museums intensified in the post-war period. Since the late 1950s. Attempts are being made to seriously generalize and analyze the experience of research activities of museums on a global scale. At the 1968 ICOM General Conference in Germany, the main topic “Museums and Research” was discussed. Many museums in the West at this time were viewed as primarily scientific institutions, with leading professors working in them.
Scientific research is a special form of activity associated with the development and dissemination of knowledge that society did not previously possess.
Museums as research centers are engaged in acquiring, recording, studying their collections, developing rubricators for museum catalogues, methods necessary to ensure conditions for their preservation, scientific design of expositions and exhibitions, etc. All these areas are presented in dissertation research defended in the last decade (E. A. Shulepova, O.N. Truevtseva, T.P. Kalugina, M.E. Medvedeva, N.I.
Research work in museums is developing in two directions:
First direction - studying the museum collection and monuments(including immovable monuments, environment, intangible heritage objects). The study of these objects is the main focus of museum research. This area of research work is related to those sciences whose source material is presented in the museum: history, ethnography, archeology, biology, art history, etc. In the process of research activities, new sources are discovered, ways of using them and introducing them into scientific circulation are determined, scientific problems are expanded and deepened. As in other scientific institutions, research work in the museum is determined by directions characteristic of the current state of the relevant branches of science.
Museum research in scientific disciplines, as a rule, is focused on the possibility of their further use in museum work.
The most obvious connection with science is the museums of research institutes and universities, such as the museums of Moscow State University, the Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Tomsk, Novosibirsk and other state universities. Such major museums as the Polytechnic Museum, the Historical Museum, the Hermitage, the Tretyakov Gallery, etc. have always been major centers of research in their fields of scientific knowledge. A number of literary and memorial museums were created in the system of the Academy of Sciences, to which the function of centers in the relevant sections of literary studies was delegated (museums of A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, A.M. Gorky). A number of museums have official status as research institutions. These include such large research museums as the State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin, State Historical Museum, Polytechnic Museum, State Museum-Reserve "Moscow Kremlin" (Moscow), State Hermitage Museum, State Russian Museum (St. Petersburg). In recent years, museums in the Russian provinces, for example, the Khabarovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, have begun to receive the status of research institutes. Obtaining such status is determined by the effectiveness of research work, regular publications of scientific works, and the high scientific potential of museum specialists. It can be stated that in museums, as was the case in pre-revolutionary years, scientists with scientific degrees and titles work. Many museums have developed and to this day remain the main research centers for their territory (for example, the Kargopol Museum-Reserve of the Arkhangelsk Region). Some memorial museums are the only or leading institutions that conduct full research into the life and work of an outstanding personality or event; these include the L.N. Museum-Reserve. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana", Memorial Museum of A.N. Scriabin. But even in small museums there are enough opportunities to carry out important and creative research work in various fields of knowledge.
The research work of museums is reflected in scientific conferences, symposiums, readings, etc. The publication of materials from these forums records the scientific work of museums. Many museums actively interact with both regional and federal Russian scientific centers in specific areas of their scientific research. Among such museums are Kaluga, Penza, Saratov and other regional museums of local history.
Second direction - museological research- is common to all museums that perform certain social functions, and develops directly on the basis of museology and related disciplines (sociology, pedagogy, psychology). The group of museological studies includes:
Development of concepts for museums and individual areas of museum activity;
Scientific design of expositions and exhibitions;
Sociological study of museum audiences;
Development of forms and methods of cultural and educational activities;
Development of problems of ensuring physical security
museum collections;
Study of the history of the development of museums, museums of different types and groups, territories, individual museums;
General theoretical museological research.
In carrying out museological research, museums actively cooperate with museological and monument studies centers, such as the Russian Institute of Cultural Studies, the Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage named after. D.S. Likhacheva, Laboratory of Museum Studies of the State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia, Methodological Center of the State Historical Museum (Moscow), Scientific and Practical Center for the Problems of Museum Pedagogy of the State Russian Museum (St. Petersburg), Department of Museum Affairs of the Academy of Retraining for Workers of Art, Culture and Tourism (Moscow ).
Of great importance for the successful implementation of research work in the second direction is the museological education of the scientific team, the employees’ knowledge of the latest achievements of museology, psychology, sociology, pedagogy (see Chapter 10 “Training of museum personnel). The growing interest of museum specialists in museological research is indicated by the recent emergence of dissertations defended in the specialty "museum studies...", the authors of which are practicing museum workers (T.P. Kalugina, N.A. Mazny, etc.)
Within the framework of one museum, the research work of the first and second directions is in interaction. On the one hand, everything new that happens in specialized sciences, the source material of which is stored in the museum, is taken into account. On the other hand, a museum is a single organism, therefore all achievements and discoveries in the research work of the first direction are refracted in museological research. For example, the study of ethnographic collections of a local history museum can be the basis for the concept of an ethnographic exposition, an exhibition, the development of a script for a folklore festival, the theme of a circle, an interactive children's excursion, etc. When developing a long-term plan for exhibitions, an in-depth study of funds, museum catalogs, and the development of programs for acquiring stock will be required. materials, including a system for identifying and collecting materials in government institutions (archives, other museums) and from private individuals, which, in turn, involves research in the field of specialized science.
Thus, the specifics of museum institutions lead to an organic combination of the first and second directions of research activity within one museum. A thoughtful combination of these two directions ensures the dynamics of the development of the museum, open to the perception of new ideas, trends, and promising changes.
Museums of different groups are characterized by certain types of research work. Understanding this specificity helps to clearly plan scientific research, taking into account the coordination of not only the internal structures of the museum, but also joint activities with external organizations with which the museum constantly interacts: research, educational, cultural, industrial, etc.
It is necessary to take into account that in our country there is a significant number of local history museums, the collections of which contain materials from various scientific disciplines - history, ethnography, art history, zoology, geology, botany, etc. In addition, the current trend of expanding the range of museums has already been noted above that do not fit into the rigid classification scheme of profiles associated with the classification of sciences (see Chapter 3). The concept of “core issues” is becoming more and more arbitrary.
Scientific research is divided into the following groups.
Fundamental (basic) research are aimed at studying and understanding the laws of development of nature and society without focusing on practical tasks.
Applied Research- these are studies of individual problems, carried out within the framework of already known theories and always setting specific practical goals.
Under scientific developments refers to the use of fundamental and applied research in order to introduce new materials, devices, systems, technologies, etc.
In accordance with the functional characteristics of museums, the following areas of museum activity are distinguished, each of which contains research components:
acquisition;
scientific foundation work;
exhibition work;
cultural and educational activities.
Each of these areas is discussed in detail in the corresponding chapters of this book. Let us give a brief description of the research component of each of them.
Acquisition
The research aspect of acquisition is the foundation for the formation of a museum collection, and the scientific approach to acquisition ensures the future development of the entire museum organism.
In this most important area of museum activity, through which the documentation function is realized, there are the following areas of research work:
1. Development of a scientific concept for acquisition. This document contains a systematic view of this museum about the goals, objectives, directions, principles, forms and methods of acquisition.
2. Development of criteria for selecting materials for the collection in order to document the process of historical, natural, cultural development in accordance with the purpose and objectives of a particular museum.
Scientific fund work
1 . Research work with museum funds is focused primarily on the study of museum objects and collections and the disclosure of their scientific, historical, and artistic significance.
The process of studying museum collections can be presented in stages:
Attribution (definition) of a museum object;
Classification;
Systematization.
For each museum item, an inventory card is compiled containing basic information obtained as a result of its study; the collection of cards makes up an inventory card index, which is the basis for compiling catalogs and reviews of collections.
The study of museum objects and their collections involves the development of classification schemes for both the objects themselves and the information contained in them. These schemes are the basis for compiling scientific reference catalogs (systematic, thematic). Drawing up a rubricator scheme is a labor-intensive scientific work that requires high professional training, knowledge and experience.
2. The direction of research work with funds is also the development of scientific foundations for the preservation of museum objects. In order for the treasures stored in museums to serve our descendants, careful monitoring of the condition of the collections, timely restoration work, daily monitoring of climatic conditions, etc. are necessary. The development of scientific methods, which are the basis of this diverse activity, is an important condition for the museum to fulfill its function of preserving heritage. A number of museums are simultaneously major research centers in the field of storage, restoration, and conservation of museum objects (State Hermitage, State Russian Museum (St. Petersburg), State Historical Museum, State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)).
3. The research direction also includes the preparation of scientific concepts for collection work, which gives a systematic idea of the museum’s activities in the field of accounting, storage, scientific processing, conservation and restoration of museum collections. The concept defines the structure and composition of the museum collection, the features of its condition, which helps to resolve questions about the possibility of using museum objects in displays and exhibitions.
The concept of stock work is included as an integral part in the overall concept of museum development, is used when developing concepts for other areas of museum work, and is taken into account when creating cultural and educational programs and projects.
Exhibition and exhibition work
The main direction of research work in this area is the creation of scientific documentation of an exposition or exhibition (scientific design), which includes:
Scientific concept;
Thematic structure;
Thematic and exhibition plans;
Scenario
The most labor-intensive and responsible part of scientific design is the development of a scientific concept of an exposition, which gives a holistic, reasoned understanding of the tasks in creating an exposition or exhibition.
A significant place in the scientific work on the exhibition is occupied by the creation of a system of texts.
Cultural and educational activities.
The main directions of research in the field of cultural and educational activities are:
Development of an educational concept for the museum;
A broad-based study of the museum audience (this area of sociological research in the museum is of great importance for other areas of the museum’s work, for example, for exposition, exhibition);
Development of long-term and short-term cultural, educational programs and projects for specific museum audiences;
Creation and testing of different methods of working with different categories of museum audiences;
Preparation of methodological documentation for various forms of cultural and educational activities.
Thus, in cultural and educational work there are a number of aspects of the research direction that create the basis for the development of this dynamic sphere of museum activity. Taking into account the peculiarities of the modern development of the museum, when there is an increase in close interaction between the museum and society, the problems of studying the museum visitor - his requests, interests, wishes - become especially relevant (see Chapter 8 "Museum Sociology").
Development of a scientific conceptmuseum.
One of the most important areas of museum research activity is the development of a museum concept, which includes all functional concepts for individual areas of activity. The concept of a museum is, first of all, a justification for the system of goals and objectives, and the prospects for the development of the museum.
The development of the scientific concept of the museum is carried out by a scientific team under the leadership of the director and with the involvement of the scientific forces of the region, as well as specialists from the country's scientific centers. The document is discussed by the Academic Council of the museum and approved by the governing body under whose jurisdiction the museum is located.
The concept is developed, as a rule, in three stages, and for a complex (multidisciplinary) museum it includes:
I stage- preparation of an analytical report:
Analysis of the historical and natural features of the region, its socio-economic and cultural development;
Analysis of the state of museum affairs in the region, assessment of the completeness of the reflection of the history and current state of the region in existing museum collections and exhibitions;
Socio-demographic characteristics of the population;
State of knowledge of the topic;
Compilation of bibliographic files.
IIstage- development of the “ideological concept” of the museum - includes a scientific substantiation of the system of interconnected areas of the museum’s activities, taking into account the historical, geographical, national, cultural and other characteristics of the region in which the museum is located. This is a creative process, a kind of fusion of science and art. At this stage, the prospects for the development of the museum are determined.
IIIstage- drawing up a master plan for the development of the museum, providing for specific practical measures to implement the “ideological plan” in all areas of the museum’s activities. The development of a scientific concept involves the preparation of documentation.
Thus, the scientific concept of the museum includes extensive systematic information, theoretical development and a plan of practical action.
The development of a scientific concept plays a vital role in the life of a museum, determining its future, as well as its significance in the system of other scientific, cultural, and educational institutions.
Organization of research work in the museum
Experience shows that it is advisable for each museum to develop a research program that includes a range of topics, and to have a system of long-term and short-term planning of research work. It is important to follow a research plan, which makes it possible to see the prospects for the development of the museum in its interaction with internal structures and external organizations, discipline the team, competently build the entire system of research problems, identify those responsible and the authors of developments, taking into account individual preferences and knowledge. At the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind that all research issues should “work” for the development of the museum.
When planning, it is necessary to take into account the actual deadlines for completing work related to the number and qualifications of specialists, work experience, and the developed system of interaction with other research organizations in the industry, region and center, including museums. The timing of the work largely depends on the complexity of the task being performed, staffing, and the financial capabilities of the museum.
Planning is associated with the coordination of the research work of the museum - with the internal structures of its museum, territorial, central and external organizations, which also develop plans for research work on certain topics and problems.
How to develop guidelines for different types of research work in a museum in order to plan it constructively, determine the prospects for the development of the museum, as well as the professional growth of museum staff, taking into account their professional inclinations and abilities? The experience of other research organizations - academic institutes, archives, and some museums - comes to the rescue. The institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other research centers have developed time standards for writing scientific work, which make it possible to develop long-term and short-term plans for research work.
It is characteristic that attempts to calculate the volume of research work in museums have been made even at the international level. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) produced a document entitled “A Proposed Method for Studying Research and Development”, which contained a number of provisions relevant to museums.
The approximate digital indicators that we present below are based on the development of standards of the State Historical Museum and a number of other museums and research organizations. They are not an instructional document. However, they help each museum create its own regulatory system of museum research work, take a realistic look at the prospects for the scientific activities of its museum, and contribute to the optimal realization of its scientific potential. Taking them as a basis, the museum can draw up its own time standards, taking into account the qualifications of specialists, the complexity of the topics, the peculiarities of the museum’s structure, its specifics, and staff.
To facilitate calculations, the work should be presented in printed form. 1 author's sheet (40,000 characters = 24 pages of text printed on a typewriter with 2 intervals) is taken as the original norm. Nowadays, with a large proportion of museum staff working on computers, counting can be much more accurate, while at the same time making the process as simple as possible.
Next, you can conditionally accept a certain number of hours as necessary to write 1 al. scientific work, taking into account the specifics of museums, where, as a rule, there are no doctors and candidates of science: for a senior researcher without a degree - 400 hours, for a junior researcher without a degree - 450 hours.
These figures can be changed depending on the individual characteristics of the specialist, his qualifications, and work experience. The initial (basic) unit can be taken as the complexity of the author's work on writing 1 a.l. text of a monograph or scientific article. Due to the fact that certain types of museum work differ in the complexity of problem formulation, the degree of scientific processing of the sources used, etc., labor intensity coefficients can be introduced: 1.5; 1; 0.75; 0.5.
The following table shows the types of museum work and their labor intensity ratio.
|
Types of museum activities |
Labor coefficient |
|
|
Scientific article, monograph, report at a scientific conference (with presentation of the text), introductory article to the catalogue, review, thematic structure of the new exhibition, explanatory texts for the exhibition, exhibition script. | ||
|
Messages, reports at conferences, scientific readings (with the provision of abstracts), preparation of the lecture text in the presence of methodological materials, bibliographic reviews, thematic and exhibition plans for a new exposition (reexposition) in the presence of previous stages (scientific concept and thematic structure). | ||
|
Development of a scientific concept (museum, individual areas of museum activity), preparation of analytical reports for higher organizations, catalogue, reviews of collections, author's etiquette. | ||
|
Scientific report, including archaeological, ethnographic, historical and everyday life expeditions. Methodological documentation on forms of cultural and educational activities: methodological development of excursions, regulations on the club, circle; script for a museum holiday, programs for different groups of museum audiences. |
As an example, consider how you can calculate the time spent by a researcher writing a review. A review has a labor intensity coefficient of 1. This means that to write 1 a.l. A junior researcher must spend 450 hours reviewing. But the length of the review is 3 pages, or 5400 computer characters. Let's make an equation:
24 pages - 450 hours.
3 pages - X hour.
X = 3x450/ 24 = 56 hours.
Thus, on average, a junior researcher will need 56 hours, or 7 working days, to write a review.
Let's take another example. A team of authors of 3 people - senior researchers - is involved in creating the concept of the exhibition. If the amount of work done is not clearly identified for each, you can calculate it on average, keeping in mind that the labor cost coefficient is 1.5.
1 a.l. scientific concept is:
400x1.5 = 600h.
Let's say the concept has a volume of 48 pages, that is, 2 a.l. Let's make an equation:
1 a.l. - 600 hours
2 a.l. - X hour.
X= 600x2 = 1200 hours.
Since 3 people took part in the work, for each person there is:
1200: 3 = 400 hour, that is, 50 working days.
It is necessary to emphasize once again that the given standards are quite conditional and should not be a dogma; many works in the museum, including research, are taken into account on the basis of actual time spent. For example, in the first of the considered examples, a review can be written in 2-3 days, but it may take significantly more than seven days to write it if the material is voluminous, important, and the problem requires additional study of the sources. Each museum, based on real capabilities, specifics, qualifications of specialists and other factors, can develop its own standards, having them approved by the Scientific or Methodological Council of the museum.
Progress reports are periodically heard at meetings of scientific departments. At the final stage, upon completion of the work, its discussion is organized at the Museum Council (Academic Council, Methodological Council). In some cases, feedback from the external organization dealing with the issue is desirable. There may be interim reports on work done but not yet completed for a certain period of time, which, as a rule, are heard at work meetings or (in large museums) at problem-solving and scientific-methodological councils. The final report is heard at the Academic Council (if there is none, it is recommended to submit the work for review to another organization or to a specialist dealing with the relevant issues).
Results of research work, recorded in the form of written documentary materials, photographs, films, videos, graphic documents, sound recordings, etc. concentrated in scientific archive museum. The correct organization of a scientific archive in conditions where museum researchers are not always able to publish their works plays a particularly significant role in preserving the results of the research activities of the museum team, recording the authorship of scientific developments, providing the opportunity for other researchers to use the results of predecessors’ activities and refer to them.
To introduce the results of scientific research work into scientific circulation, a number of specifically museum forms have emerged. The research results are widely used in all areas of museum activity and are published in the form catalogs of collections, expositions and exhibitions, guides on exhibitions and funds. The most important form of publication of research results of a museum collection is an exhibition, permanent or temporary. In the last decades of the last century, a tradition developed and gradually spread in museums to necessarily indicate in the annotation the names of the authors of the scientific project of the exhibition. More than fifteen years ago, some foreign researchers made a proposal to award an academic degree for the development and creation of an original exhibition, but even today this issue has not been resolved. Although the results of scientific research are presented in the established museum collection, expositions and exhibitions, cultural and educational programs and projects, only the fact of their publication means official recognition of their introduction into scientific circulation.
There is a wide range of museum publications: collections of scientific articles and materials, catalogs and reviews of museum collections, abstracts and materials of scientific conferences and seminars, guidebooks and, of course, monographs (see Chapter 10, “Museum studies publications”).
In many museums, in order to best organize scientific work and use its results in all areas of museum activity, they are developing Regulations on scientific research work. This document is created in each specific museum for internal use; its structure includes the following sections:
Introduction, defining the goals and objectives of all the multifaceted research activities of the museum;
Organization of research work; This section discusses issues of leadership and management of research work in this museum. If the staff has the position of deputy director for scientific work, then almost the entire organization and management of this area is entrusted to him. If there is no such position (the museum is small), as a rule, the director “controls” this direction;
The content of the “Regulations” includes consideration of priority areas for the development of the museum’s research work, with an emphasis on coordination, the relationship of different museum structures, and the development of areas in accordance with the museum’s goals. As a rule, priority areas are long-term in nature and involve specific types of work for a certain period of time, a list of which can be presented separately in the form of an Appendix;
Conclusion. The main conclusions are drawn, new perspectives are outlined, confirming that the museum is a living, developing organism.
In large museums, all structural units (except for economic, technical, organizational and some other services) draw up plans for scientific work - long-term, long-term and annual under the guidance of heads of departments (sectors). Based on them, the Deputy Director draws up a consolidated research plan (annual and long-term), which is approved by the Academic Council. The scientific secretary provides significant assistance in this work in large museums.
Of great importance in the development of research work of museums are Scientific councils, which includes experts in all areas of scientific knowledge represented in the museum, both from the museum itself and from other research organizations. If there is no Academic Council in the museum, expanded scientific and methodological councils are convened to discuss the most important problems, to which outside experts are invited. The program and mode of operation of the Council and its composition are being developed. It is possible to develop a special regulation on the Academic Council and include it in the Regulations on Research Work.
Due to the specifics of museum work, museums have developed a certain practice of organizing scientific teams. Scientific divisions - departments or sectors - are created only in large museums with a large volume of research work and their well-developed differentiation. In medium-sized and small museums, as a rule, scientific research, which is predominantly of an applied nature, is carried out by scientists from the collection, exhibition and (to a lesser extent) cultural and educational (scientific and educational) departments. The smaller the museum, the more diverse functions each employee has to combine. In remote regions, this problem is compounded by the often existing difficulty of obtaining special education and advanced training.
Not all museums' management supports the staff's desire for scientific research. Today this is aggravated by economic difficulties, forcing many museums to direct all the efforts of their staff to solving problems of “survival” to the detriment of scientific work. The cessation or suspension of research activities leads to the loss of appropriate qualifications by the scientific team, the loss of established scientific traditions, which makes it difficult to resume these activities in the future.
So, the successful functioning of museums largely depends on a well-thought-out program of all research work, taking into account many factors related to both the general problems of modern development and the characteristics of a particular museum. The developed planning system, based on real standards, drawn up with a focus on a specific museum and taking into account the entire range of areas of its activity, will be the basis for the progressive development of the museum, organically integrated into the realities of modern life in society.
Literature:
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2. Study and scientific description of monuments of material culture. / Comp. and scientific ed. A.M. Acceleration and N.P. Finyagina. M., 1972.
3. Kondratov A.V. and Gerasimov V.P. Research work of the nature departments of local history museums. M., 1966.
4. Museum work in the USSR. Museums are scientific institutions. M., 1974.
5. Museum work in the USSR. Scientific foundations of the work of historical museums. M., 1980. (Collected scientific works /TsMR).
6. Research work of museums of the RSFSR: issues of content, planning and coordination. Method, recommendations. / Research Institute of Culture. M., 1985.
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