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Isovaleric acid. See what “isovaleric acid” is in other dictionaries

Isovaleric acid is widely used in medicine; in a modified chemical formula it is present in validol (menthyl ester of isovaleric acid with a small amount of menthol solution), in bromoisovaleric acid. And for the synthesis of other sedative drugs - valocordin, corvalol, etc.

In the food industry, ethyl, pentyl and isoamyl esters of isovaleric acid are used.

In the chemical industry it is used for the chemical synthesis of 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid racemates.

In the perfume industry, isovaleric acid esters are used - they have various fruity odors and are used as flavoring agents.

Description

Physico-chemical properties

Colorless or yellowish transparent liquid.

Density: 0.926 g/cm3

Melting point: -37.6oC

Solubility in water: 25 g / 100 ml (at 20oC)

Boiling point: 176.7oC

Additional information.

  • Isovaleric acid is an isomer valeric acid(one of the main four isomers).
  • Avoid contact with skin and mucous membranes, as this will cause burns with irreversible consequences. Avoid contact with the gastrointestinal tract.
  • It is also dangerous for the inhabitants of the aquatic environment.
  • isopropylacetic acid also soluble in ethyl And diethyl ether And chloroform.
  • is being produced anaerobic bacteria during the fermentation reaction of a protein substrate.
  • isovaleric acid is also present in the culture liquid of propionic bacteria
  • Product Code: 208-01
  • Availability: In stock
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The rhizome contains 0.3-2% essential oil. The main component of the essential oil is bornyl isovalerate, isovaleric acid, borneol, valepotriate.

Isovaleric acid:

Valepotriat: iridoids

DV is defined as the unknown nature of DV or when the method of their determination is unknown

Method of determination: Add 70% alcohol or chemical mixture for 2 hours. The extractant extracts all extractive substances, evaporate for concentration. the extractant evaporates. + NH4OH (for the hydrolysis of esters of valeric acid) + FeCl3

FEC x=D*100*20*100/10.5*a*5*(100-W)

The extractant is standardized. This is a special group of liquid and dry extracts. The mixture is intended for the quick preparation of infusions and decoctions. Honey. extracts are prepared from standard medicinal plants 2:1 (from 1 unit of medicinal plant 2 parts of liquid extract). 40% ethanol is used as an extractant to bring the extract closer to the aqueous extract in terms of the composition of the extracted substances.

Scheme: extraction, purification, evaporation, drying, standardization.

Infusion: the swollen or dry material is loaded tightly into the percolator onto a sieve bottom so that as little air as possible remains in the raw material. it is pressed from above with a perforated disk. The extractant is fed into the percolator from above in a continuous flow; as soon as the extractant begins to flow into the receiver, the percolator tap is closed, and the extractant is returned to the raw material in the extractor. After this, pure extractant is added to the percolator to the “mirror” level, and the maceration pause is maintained for 24-48 hours.

Percolation itself is the continuous passage of an extractant through a layer of raw materials and the collection of percolate. The tap at the percolator is opened, and the extractant is continuously supplied to the raw material. Percolation ends with obtaining an extract in one step when preparing tinctures, thick and dry extracts, or in two steps when producing liquid extracts.

Cleaning: settling for less than 2 days, temp. not less than 10C, filter through a druk filter.

Standardization: content of active substances, heavy metals; in liquids - + alcohol content or density, dry residue.

Determination of heavy metals. To 1 ml of liquid extract or 1 g of thick or dry extract, add 1 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, carefully burn and calcinate. The resulting residue is treated by heating with 5 ml of saturated ammonium acetate solution. Filter through an ashless filter, wash with 5 ml of water and adjust the volume of the filtrate to 200 ml. 10 ml of the resulting solution must pass the test for heavy metals (no more than 0.01 % in the preparation) (SP XI, vol. 1, With. 165).


Determination of dry residue. 5 ml of liquid extract is placed in a weighed bottle, evaporated in a water bath and dried for 3 hours at (102.5 ± 2.5) °C, then cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes and weighed.

Determination of moisture. About 0.5 g of the drug (exactly weighed) is dried in an oven at (102.5 ± 2.5) °C for 5 hours, then cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes and weighed.

ZhLF-Mixture for internal use. Caffeine-sodium benzoate: checking the doses. VRD = 0.5 VSD = 1.5 200.0/15 = 13 doses. 0.4/13 = 0.03, and SD = 0.03 *3=0.09 - not overestimated. V water=10.0*1.8 +4.0*2.4+200.0=227.6 ml Sum=0.4+3.0+0.18/200.0*100=2.1% This is less than 3%, which means we do not take into account the COE. The mint infusion contains essential oil, first in the infundir. weigh out 10.0 g and 4.0 g of mint leaves in a glass + measure out 227.6 ml of water and leave in a water bath for 15 minutes. and cool for 45 minutes, then filter into a stand through a double filter and first of all weigh out the list B ingredients, then sodium bromide and magnesium sulfate, dissolve and filter through a double gauze swab into a dispensing bottle

Rhizomata cum radicibus Valerianae 10.0

Folia Menthae 4.0

Coffeini Natrii benzoates 0.4

Natrium bromide 3.0

Magnesium sulfatis 0.8

Biotechnology: Use tissue from radiola rosea, ginseng, foxglove

Pharmaceutical analysis: caffeine-benzoate Na (1,3,7, trimethylxanthine) l r in water, tr in alcohol. Light absorption in IR, UV

Magnesium sulfate – white pores or non-colored prism crystals, weathered in air, l.r. in water, very easy in boiling water, almost no solution in alcohol.

Quality analysis:

Na+ - burner flame color

Br- - +Cl= yellow precipitate; in this recipe: + H2SO4 + KMnO4 + x/f = x/f color yellow-brown.

Mg – with sodium hydrogen phosphate: MgSO4+Na2HPO4+NH4OH=NH4MgPO4(white) + 2NaCl+H2O

SO4 + BaCl2=BaSO4(white)

Caffeine: with tannin solution = white precipitate, solution in excess reagent.

With the Wagner River (J2+HJ)=brown sediment.

Murexide test - oxidative-hydrolytic decomposition in an acidic environment at t.

Benzoate +FeCl3=flesh-colored precipitate

Quantity Analysis:

Caffeine: - Method of reverse iodometry in an acidic medium, based on the ability of caffeine to precipitate a periodide.

The precipitate is filtered off, the first portions are discarded, titrated in ½ volume of the filtrate.

E=M/4, par-no k/o.

Benzoate (in the second sample) – acidimetry. Ind-r – m/o+m/s (2:1), titrated in the presence of ether. Ester - for extracting benzoic acid from the aqueous phase.

BIOTECHNOLOGY:

Cultures of growing cells used in biotechnology: ginseng, rauwolfia serpentine, barberry, small cornflower, common yew, pink periwinkle.

The advantages of using cell cultures are as follows:

the problem of shortage of raw materials, especially valuable endangered species that are not amenable to plantation cultivation, is being solved;

it is possible to obtain phytomass completely free from herbicides, pesticides, heavy metals, etc.; there is the possibility of obtaining new substances that are not synthesized by the corresponding target plant; it is possible to control the biosynthesis of target products due to cultivation conditions, the composition of the nutrient medium and other methods;

there is the possibility of industrializing and reducing the cost of production of some biologically active substances, the synthesis of which has not yet been developed or is very expensive.

Name Isovaleric acid Synonyms isovaleric acid (mixture of isomers); a mixture of isomers of 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acids; CAS registration number 503-74-2 Molecular formula C 5 H 10 O 2 Molecular weight 102.13 InChI InChI=1S/C5H10O2/c1-4(2)3-5(6)7/h4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H ,6,7) InChIKey GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES CC(C)CC(=O)O EINECS 207-975-3

Chemical and physical properties

Density 0.926 Boiling point 176°C Melting point -35°C Flash point 70°C Refractive index 1.399-1.407 Solubility 25 g/l (20°C) in water. Appearance Colorless or yellowish transparent liquid.

Risks, safety and terms of use

Safety instructions S26; S28; S36/37/39; S38; S45 Risk statements R22; R24; R34 Hazard category 6.1 Hazard symbols

Classification of chemical reagents

Pure (“pure grade”) Isovaleric acid Purpose grade. The content of the main component is 98% or higher (without impurities). The color of the stripe on the packaging is green. Pure for analysis (“analytical grade”, “analytical grade”) Isovaleric acid, analytical grade. The content of the main component is higher or significantly higher than 98%. Impurities do not exceed acceptable limits for accurate analytical studies. The color of the stripe on the packaging is blue. Chemically pure (“reagent grade”, “chemically pure”) Isovaleric acid, chemically pure. The content of the main component is more than 99%. The color of the stripe on the packaging is red. Extra pure (“special purity”) Isovaleric acid, special purity grade. The content of impurities is in such small quantities that they do not affect the basic properties. The color of the stripe on the packaging is yellow.

With the smell of valerian, boiling point 176.5 .C, contained in the root of valerian officinalis. It is used in the production of validol, valocordin, fruit essences, etc.

Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2000 .

Synonyms:

See what "ISOVALERIAN ACID" is in other dictionaries:

    Noun, number of synonyms: 1 acid (171) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Dictionary of synonyms

    - (CH3)2CHCH2COOH, colorless liquid with the smell of valerian, boiling point 176.5ºC, found in the root of valerian officinalis. Used in the production of validol, valocordin, fruit essences, etc. * * * ISOVALERIAN ACID ISOVALERIAN ACID,... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

    isovaleric acid- izovalerijonų rūgštis statusas T sritis chemija formulė (CH₃)₂CHCH₂COOH atitikmenys: angl. isovaleric acid rus. isovaleric acid ryšiai: sinonimas – 3 methylbutano rūgštis … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

    See Valeric Acid... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

    - (CH3)2CHCH2COOH, saturated carboxylic acid, colorless. liquid with the smell of valerian, boiling point 176.5 ° C, contained in the root of valerian officinalis. It is used in the production of validol, valocordin, fruit essences, etc... Natural science. Encyclopedic Dictionary

    See Valeric acids... Chemical encyclopedia

    Acidum isovalerianicum, Isovaleric acid- Isovaleric acid is the main component of the essential oil of valerian roots; it gives valerian roots a peculiar pungent odor. A specific nature of action is also associated with isovaleric acid... ... Handbook of Homeopathy

    Exist., number of synonyms: 171 abscisin (2) agaricin (1) adipyl (1) ... Dictionary of synonyms

    CH3(CH2)3COOH, boiling point 185.4°C; Contained in valerian root. Used in the production of fragrant, medicinal and other substances. See also Isovaleric acid. * * * VALERIAN ACID VALERIAN ACID, CH3(CH2)3 COOH, boiling point 185.4 °C;… … Encyclopedic Dictionary

    Fatty acids (aliphatic acids) are a large group of exclusively unbranched, open-chain monobasic carboxylic acids. The name is determined, firstly, by the chemical properties of this group of substances based on the presence of... ... Wikipedia

In addition to the essential oil, the underground organs of valerian contain the main sedative active substances called valepotriates.

These compounds are iridoid epoxides in which the cyclopentanepyran skeleton has 5 hydroxyl groups. Two hydroxyls form an epoxide (cyclic ether), and the remaining three are esterified with isovaleric and acetic acids.


VALEPOTRIAT-VALTRAT BALDRINAL

Depending on the esterifying acids, different valepotriates are distinguished. During the drying process of freshly dug rhizomes, valepotriates are partially subjected to enzymatic cleavage with the formation of free isovaleric acid or its analogues and the iridoid, baldrinal. In this case, the raw material acquires the characteristic smell of valerian.

Harvesting, primary processing, drying

Rhizomes with roots that are dug by hand. On plantations there is a valerian digger (potato digger). They are removed in September. The dug up rhizomes with roots are shaken off the ground, the above-ground part is cut off, thick rhizomes are cut lengthwise, and quickly and thoroughly washed from the ground. Dry under cover for 2 days and dry in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 35-40°C. The color of roots and rhizomes is from light brown to dark brown. The smell is strong, aromatic, unique.

Standardization

The quality of raw materials is regulated by Global Fund XI and is determined by the content of extractive substances (at least 25% when extracting with 70% alcohol) and isovaleric acid, with a content of at least 1% (roots and rhizomes). FS 42-1530-89 (fresh rhizomes and roots). TU-64-4-44-83 – (valerian herb).

Medicinal raw materials

Whole or cut along the rhizome up to 4 cm long, up to 3 cm thick. Numerous thin adventitious roots extend from the rhizome. The smell is strong and specific. The outside color of the rhizome and roots is yellowish-brown.

Storage

Store raw materials in cool, dry rooms on racks separately from non-aromatic types of raw materials. The shelf life of dried valerian raw materials is 3 years, fresh - 3 days.

Main action. Calming.

Application

Valerian preparations reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, enhance the effect of sleeping pills, and have antispasmodic properties. They are used as sedatives for nervous excitement, insomnia, neuroses of the cardiovascular system, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract (often in combination with other sedatives and cardiac drugs).



The calming effect of valerian appears slowly, but quite steadily. In patients, the feeling of tension and irritability disappears, and sleep improves.

Preparations: infusion, decoction, tincture, thick and dry valerian extracts.

Valocormid– a combined preparation (containing valerian tincture) - a sedative and antispasmodic. Used for cardiovascular neuroses accompanied by bradycardia.

Valosedan– combined preparation (containing valerian extract) – sedative

Corvalol– a combination preparation (containing ethyl ester of a-bromoisovaleric acid). Used for neuroses, insomnia, in the early stages of hypertension, spasms of the coronary vessels.

Valocordin– a combined drug in composition and action close to Corvalol.

Dormiplant– combined preparation (containing dry extract of valerian root and lemon balm leaves) – sedative effect.

A tincture is obtained from fresh valerian raw materials, which is part of a complex preparation - Cardiovalena .

Valerian herb is used to obtain an extract that is part of drinks.

Pine buds Gemmae Pini sulvestris
Scots pine – Pinus sulvestris L.
Sem. pine – Pinaceae

Genus. name Pinus, i, f. image. from Celt. pin(rock, mountain) and is associated with the frequent habitat of pine (rocky cliffs, mountain cliffs).

View. def . silvestris (silvester, tris, tre– forest) – characterizes the place of growth.

An evergreen coniferous tree up to 30-40 m high. Pine is one of the main forest-forming species in the CIS. Due to its wide ecological amplitude, it is distributed from the forest-tundra to the steppe zone.

Chemical composition

Pine buds contain up to 0.36% essential oil, which includes: pinene, limonene, resins; flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid, carotene.