Pulse currents in physiotherapy. Current therapy for osteochondrosis: effectiveness and course of treatment Low-frequency therapy how it affects humans
MOTIVATION
The most promising direction of modern physiotherapy should be considered the further improvement of pulsed rhythmic influences in the treatment of various pathological conditions, since pulsed influences in a certain given mode correspond to the physiological rhythms of functioning organs and their systems.
OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON
Learn to use techniques to treat diseases:
Electrosleep;
Transcranial electroanalgesia;
Short-pulse electroanalgesia;
Diadynamic therapy;
Electrodiagnostics;
Electrical stimulation and electropuncture.
TARGET ACTIVITIES
Understand the essence of the physiological action of low-frequency pulsed currents. Be able to:
Determine indications and contraindications for the use of low-frequency pulsed currents;
Choose an adequate type of treatment;
Prescribe procedures independently;
Assess the effect of pulsed currents on the patient’s body.
Study the principles of operation of the devices “Electroson-5”, “LENAR”, “Tonus-3”, “Miorhythm”.
INFORMATION BLOCK
Pulse methods of exposure to physical factors are the most adequate stimuli for the body, and in case of impaired functions, their therapeutic effect is most effective. The main advantages of pulsed physiotherapy techniques:
Selectivity of action;
Possibility of deeper impact;
Specificity;
Lack of rapid adaptation of tissues to the physical factor;
Therapeutic effects with the least stress on the body.
Pulse currents consist of rhythmically repeating short-term changes in electrical voltage or current. The ability to use pulsed current to stimulate various organs, tissues and systems of the body is based on the nature of electrical impulses, which imitate the physiological effect of nerve impulses and cause a reaction similar to natural excitation. The action of electric current is based on the movement of charged particles (ions of tissue electrolytes), as a result of which the usual composition of ions on both sides of the cell membrane changes and physiological processes develop in the cell, causing excitation.
Excitability can be judged by the minimum stimulus strength required to produce a reflex response, or by the threshold current strength, or by the threshold potential shift sufficient to produce an action potential. When talking about excitability, concepts such as rheobase and chronaxy are used. These concepts were introduced into physiology in 1909 by L. Lapik, who studied the smallest (threshold) effect of excitable tissues and determined the relationship between the strength of the current and the duration of its action. Rheobase (from the Greek “rheos” - flow, flow and “basis” - course, movement; base) is the smallest force of direct electric current that causes excitation in living tissues with a sufficient duration of action. Rheobase, like chronaxy, allows one to assess the excitability of tissues and organs.
new in terms of the threshold strength of irritation and the duration of its action. Rheobase corresponds to the threshold of irritation and is expressed in volts or milliamps.
The rheobase value can be calculated using the formula:
where I is the current strength, t is the duration of its action, a, b are constants determined by the properties of the tissue.
Chronaxia (from the Greek “chronos” - time and “axia” - price, measure) is the shortest duration of action of a direct electric current of double the threshold force (double the rheobase), causing tissue excitation. As has been established experimentally, the magnitude of the stimulus that causes excitation in tissues is inversely proportional to the duration of its action, which is graphically expressed by a hyperbola (Fig. 6).
Changing the functional state of cells, tissues and organs under the influence of an external electrical stimulus is called electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation includes electrodiagnostics and electrotherapy. Electrodiagnostics examines the body's response to electrical stimulation by pulsed currents. It has been established that the irritating effect of a single current pulse depends on the steepness of the rise of its leading edge, the duration and amplitude of the pulse. The steepness of the rise of the front of a single pulse determines the acceleration of ions as they move. In addition, the effect of alternating electric current on the body depends significantly on its frequency. At a low pulse frequency (about 50-100 Hz), the displacement of ions is sufficient to have an irritating effect on the cell. At medium frequencies, the irritating effect of the current decreases. At a sufficiently high frequency (on the order of hundreds of kilohertz), the magnitude of the displacement of ions becomes commensurate with the magnitude of their displacement during thermal motion, which no longer causes a noticeable change in their concentration and does not have an irritating effect.
The threshold amplitude determines the maximum instantaneous displacement of ions and depends on the pulse duration. This relationship is described by the Weiss-Lapick equation (see Fig. 6).
Each point of the curve in Fig. 6 and points lying above the curve correspond to impulses that cause tissue irritation. Extremely short-term pulses do not have an irritating effect (the displacement of ions is commensurate with the amplitude
Rice. 6. Muscle electrical excitability curve (Weiss-Lapik).
vibrations during thermal movement). With fairly long pulses, the irritating effect of the current becomes independent of the duration. Pulse parameters that provide an optimal response to stimulation are used for therapeutic electrical stimulation. Modern development of electronics makes it possible to obtain pulsed currents with any necessary parameters. Modern devices use pulses of various shapes, duration from tens of milliseconds to several seconds, with a repetition rate from fractions of a Hertz to ten thousand Hertz.
Electroson
Electrosleep is a method of neurotropic non-pharmacological effects on the central nervous system with a constant pulse current of a rectangular configuration, low frequency (1-160 Hz) and low strength (10 mA). The method is harmless, lacking toxic effects, allergic reactions, addiction and accumulation.
It is believed that the mechanism of action of electrosleep is based on the direct effect of current on brain structures. The pulsed current, penetrating the brain through the openings of the orbits, spreads through the vascular and cerebrospinal fluid spaces and reaches the sensitive nuclei of the cranial nerves, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, reticular formation and other structures. The reflex mechanism of electrosleep is associated with the effect of low-power direct current pulses on the receptors of the reflexogenic zone: the skin of the eye sockets and the upper eyelid. Along the reflex arc, irritation is transmitted to the subcortical formations and cerebral cortex, causing the effect of protective inhibition. In the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of electrosleep, a significant role is played by the ability of nerve cells in the brain to assimilate a certain rhythm of pulsed current.
By influencing the structures of the limbic system, electrosleep restores disturbances in the emotional, vegetative and humoral balance in the body. Thus, the mechanism of action consists of the direct and reflex influence of current pulses on the cerebral cortex and subcortical formations.
Pulse current is a weak stimulus that has a monotonous rhythmic effect on brain structures such as the hypothalamus and reticular formation. Synchronization of impulses with the biorhythms of the central nervous system causes inhibition of the latter and leads to the onset of sleep. Electrosleep has an analgesic, hypotensive effect, and has a sedative and trophic effect.
The electrosleep procedure is characterized by two phases. The first is inhibitory, associated with stimulation of subcortical formations by pulsed current and manifested by drowsiness, drowsiness, sleep, decreased heart rate, breathing, decreased blood pressure and bioelectrical activity of the brain. This is followed by a phase of disinhibition, associated with an increase in the functional activity of the brain, self-regulation systems and manifested by increased performance and improved mood.
Electrosleep has a calming effect on the body and causes sleep that is close to physiological. Under the influence of electrical sleep, conditioned reflex activity decreases, breathing and pulse slow down, small arteries dilate, and blood pressure decreases; an analgesic effect is manifested. In patients with neuroses, emotional stress and neurotic reactions weaken. Electrosleep is widely used in psychiatric practice; at the same time, the disappearance of anxiety and sedation are noted. Indications for the use of electrosleep in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CHD) and post-infarction cardiosclerosis:
Cardialgia;
Feeling of fear of death;
Insufficient effectiveness of sedatives and hypnotics.
Effects of electrosleep:
In the first phase:
❖ anti-stress;
❖ sedative;
❖ tranquilizing;
In the second phase:
❖ stimulating;
❖ relieving mental and physical fatigue.
To carry out electrosleep therapy procedures, voltage pulse generators of constant polarity and rectangular configuration with a certain duration and adjustable frequency are used: “Electrosleep-4T” and “Electrosleep-5”.
The procedures are carried out in a quiet, darkened room with a comfortable temperature. The patient lies on the couch in a comfortable position. The technique is retromastoid. Ocular electrodes with moistened hydrophilic pads 1 cm thick are placed on closed eyelids and connected to the cathode; occipital electrodes are fixed on the mastoid processes of the temporal bones and connected to the anode. The current strength is measured based on the slight tingling or painless vibration that the patient feels. If unpleasant sensations appear in the area where the electrodes are applied, the supplied current should be reduced, usually not exceeding 8-10 mA. The pulse frequency is selected depending on the functional state of the patient. For diseases caused by the development of organic, degenerative processes in the vessels and nervous tissue of the brain, the effect occurs if a pulse frequency of 5-20 Hz is used, and for functional disorders of the central nervous system - 60-100 Hz. Electrophoresis of medicinal substances can be performed simultaneously with electroson therapy. Procedures lasting from 30-40 to 60-90 minutes, depending on the nature of the pathological process, are carried out daily or every other day; the course of treatment includes 10-20 exposures.
Indications for treatment:
Neuroses;
Hypertension;
IHD (coronary insufficiency stage I);
Obliterating vascular diseases of the extremities;
Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels in the initial period;
Bronchial asthma;
Rheumatoid arthritis in the presence of neurasthenia or psychasthenia;
Pain syndrome;
Phantom pain;
Post-traumatic encephalopathy (in the absence of arachnoiditis);
Schizophrenia during the period of asthenia after active drug treatment;
Diencephalic syndrome;
Neurodermatitis;
Toxicoses of pregnancy;
Preparing pregnant women for childbirth;
Menstrual dysfunction;
Premenstrual and menopausal syndrome;
Meteotropic reactions;
Logoneurosis;
Stressful conditions and prolonged emotional tension. Contraindications:
Current intolerance;
Inflammatory and dystrophic eye diseases;
Retinal detachment;
High degree of myopia;
Facial skin dermatitis;
Hysteria;
Post-traumatic arachnoiditis;
The presence of metal objects in the tissues of the brain and eyeball.
Transcranial electroanalgesia
Transcranial electroanalgesia is a method of neurotropic therapy based on the effect on the central nervous system of pulsed currents of a rectangular configuration with a frequency of 60-2000 Hz with variable and constant duty cycle.
The therapeutic effect is based on selective stimulation of the endogenous opioid system of the brain stem by low-frequency pulsed currents. Pulse currents change the bioelectrical activity of the brain, which leads to changes in the activity of the vasomotor center and is manifested by the normalization of systemic hemodynamics. In addition, the release of endogenous opioid peptides into the blood activates regenerative-reparative processes at the site of inflammation.
Transcranial electroanalgesia is a method that has pronounced sedative (at a frequency of up to 200-300 Hz), tranquilizing (at 800-900 Hz) and analgesic (above 1000 Hz) effects.
Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures
To carry out transcranial electroanalgesia procedures, devices are used that generate rectangular pulses with a voltage of up to 10 V with a frequency of 60-100 Hz, a duration of 3.5-4 ms: "TRANSAIR", "ETRANS-1, -2, -3" - and a voltage of up to 20 B with a frequency of 150-2000 Hz (“LENAR”, “Bi-LENAR”). The strength of the analgesic effect increases when an additional constant component of the electric current is turned on. The optimal ratio of direct and pulsed current is 5:1-2:1.
During the procedure, the patient lies on the couch in a comfortable position. The frontomastoid technique is used: a bifurcated cathode with pads moistened with warm water or 2% sodium bicarbonate solution is installed in the area of the brow ridges, and a bifurcated anode is placed under the mastoid processes. After selecting the parameters of transcranial electroanalgesia (frequency, duration, duty cycle and amplitude of the constant component), the amplitude of the output voltage is gradually increased until the patient experiences a feeling of tingling and slight warmth under the electrodes. Duration of exposure is 20-40 minutes. The course of treatment includes 10-12 procedures.
For transcerebral electroanalgesia, sinusoidally modulated currents with the following parameters are also used:
Half-cycle duration 1:1.5;
Variable mode;
Modulation depth 75%;
Frequency 30 Hz.
Duration of the procedure is 15 minutes. The procedures are carried out daily, the course of treatment includes 10-12 manipulations. During the procedure, an electronic rubber half mask from an electrosleep device is used, replacing the plug with a plug device for the Amplipulse series device.
Indications for treatment:
Neuralgia of the cranial nerves;
Pain caused by vertebrogenic pathology;
Phantom pain;
Vegetodystonia;
Angina pectoris of functional class I and II;
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
Neurasthenia;
Neurodermatitis;
Overwork;
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome;
Sleep disturbance;
Meteopathic reactions. Contraindications:
General contraindications to physiotherapy;
Current intolerance;
Acute pain of visceral origin (angina attack, myocardial infarction, renal colic, childbirth);
Closed brain injuries;
Diencephalic syndrome;
Thalamic syndrome;
Heart rhythm disturbances;
Damage to the skin where the electrodes are applied.
Treatment methods
For hypertension stages I and II and coronary artery disease for electrosleep, the orbital-retromastoid technique is used using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 5-20 Hz, lasting from 30 minutes to 1 hour, daily. The course of treatment consists of 12-15 procedures.
Transcranial electrotranquilization is carried out according to the frontal-retromastoid technique using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 1000 Hz, lasting 30-45 minutes daily. The course of treatment consists of 12-15 procedures.
For stable hypertension electrosleep is used using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 100 Hz (the first 5-6 procedures); then switch to a frequency of 10 Hz. Duration of procedures is 30-45 minutes. The course of treatment includes 10-12 daily procedures.
For diencephalic syndrome and neuroses electrosleep is used using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 10 Hz for a duration of 30 minutes to 1 hour, every other day. The course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures.
Transcranial electrotranquilization is carried out according to the frontal-retromastoid technique using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 1000 Hz, lasting 30-40 minutes. The course of treatment includes 12-15 daily procedures.
For traumatic encephalopathy electrosleep is used according to the ocular-retromastoid method using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 10 Hz for a duration of 30 minutes to 1 hour, every other day. The course of treatment includes 10-12 procedures.
Short pulse electroanalgesia
Short-pulse electroanalgesia (transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation) is the effect on the pain site of very short (20-500 μs) current pulses, following in packs of 20-100 pulses with a frequency of 2 to 400 Hz.
The duration and frequency of current pulses used in short-pulse electroanalgesia are very similar to the corresponding parameters of pulses of thick myelinated Ap fibers. In this regard, the flow of rhythmic, ordered afferentation created during the procedure excites the neurons of the gelatinous substance of the dorsal horns of the spinal cord and blocks the conduction of nocigenic information at their level. Excitation of interneurons in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord leads to the release of opioid peptides into them. The analgesic effect is enhanced by electrical impulse action on paravertebral zones and areas of referred pain.
Fibrillation of smooth muscles of arterioles and superficial muscles of the skin, caused by electrical impulses, activates the processes of utilization of algogenic substances (bradykinin) and mediators (acetylcholine, histamine), released during the development of pain. Increasing local blood flow activates local metabolic processes and local protective properties of tissues. Along with this, perineural edema decreases and depressed tactile sensitivity in areas of local pain is restored.
Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures
To carry out the procedures, the devices “Delta-101 (-102, -103)”, “Eliman-401”, “Bion”, “Neuron”, “Impulse-4”, etc. are used. During the procedures, electrodes are applied and fixed
in the area of projection of the pain focus. Based on the principle of their placement, a distinction is made between peripheral electroanalgesia, when electrodes are placed in areas of pain, exit points of the corresponding nerves or their projection, as well as in reflexogenic zones, and segmental electroanalgesia, in which electrodes are placed in the area of paravertebral points at the level of the corresponding spinal segment. Most often, two types of short-pulse electroanalgesia are used. In the first case, current pulses are used with a frequency of 40-400 Hz with a force of up to 5-10 mA, causing rapid (2-5 min) analgesia of the corresponding metamer, which lasts for at least 1-1.5 hours. When exposed to biologically active points (BAP) use current pulses with a force of up to 15-30 mA, supplied at a frequency of 2-12 Hz. Hypoalgesia develops after 15-20 minutes and affects, in addition to the area of influence, neighboring metameres.
The parameters of pulse currents are dosed according to amplitude, repetition frequency and duty cycle, taking into account the stage of development of the pain syndrome. Along with this, the patient’s appearance of hypoalgesia is taken into account. During the procedure, the patient should not have pronounced muscle fibrillations in the area where the electrodes are located. Exposure time - 20-30 minutes; procedures are carried out up to 3-4 times a day. The duration of the course depends on the effectiveness of pain relief.
Indications for treatment are pain syndromes in patients with diseases of the nervous system (sciatica, neuritis, neuralgia, phantom pain) and musculoskeletal system (epicondylitis, arthritis, bursitis, sprains, sports injuries, bone fractures).
Contraindications:
Current intolerance;
General contraindications to physiotherapy;
Acute pain of visceral origin (angina attack, myocardial infarction, renal colic, labor pains);
Diseases of the membranes of the brain (encephalitis and arachnoiditis);
Neuroses;
Psychogenic and ischemic pain;
Acute purulent inflammatory process;
Thrombophlebitis;
Acute dermatoses;
Presence of metal fragments in the affected area.
Diadynamic therapy
Diadynamic therapy (DDT) is a method of electrotherapy based on exposure to low-frequency pulsed current of a constant direction of a half-sinusoidal shape with an exponential trailing edge with a frequency of 50 and 100 Hz in various combinations.
DDT is characterized by an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect of DDT is due to processes developing at the level of the spinal cord and brain. Irritation by a rhythmic impulse current of a large number of nerve endings leads to the appearance of a rhythmically ordered flow of afferent impulses. This flow blocks the passage of pain impulses at the level of the gelatinous substance of the spinal cord. The analgesic effect of DDT is also facilitated by reflex stimulation of the endorphin systems of the spinal cord, resorption of edema and reduction of compression of nerve trunks, normalization of trophic processes and blood circulation, and elimination of hypoxia in tissues.
The direct effect of DDT on body tissue differs little from the effect of galvanic current. The reaction of individual organs, their systems and the body as a whole is determined by the pulsed nature of the supplied current, which changes the ratio of ion concentrations at the surface of cell membranes, inside cells and in intercellular spaces. As a result of changing ionic composition and electrical polarization, the dispersion of colloidal cell solutions and the permeability of cell membranes change, the intensity of metabolic processes and tissue excitability increase. These changes are more pronounced at the cathode. Local changes in tissues, as well as the direct effect of current on receptors, cause the development of segmental reactions. Hyperemia under the electrodes, caused by vasodilation and increased blood flow, comes to the fore. In addition, when exposed to DDT, reactions caused by current pulses develop.
Due to the changing concentration of ions at the surface of cell membranes, the dispersion of cytoplasmic proteins and the functional state of the cell and tissue change. With rapid changes in ion concentration, the muscle fiber contracts (at low current strength, it tenses). This is accompanied by an increase in blood flow to the excited fibers (and to any other working organ) and an intensification of metabolic processes.
Blood circulation also increases in areas of the body innervated by the same segment of the spinal cord, including the symmetrical region. At the same time, blood flow to the affected area increases, as well as venous outflow, and the resorption capacity of the mucous membranes of the cavities (pleural, synovial, peritoneal) improves.
Under the influence of DDT, the tone of the great vessels is normalized and collateral circulation is improved. DDT affects the functions of the stomach (secretory, excretory and motor), improves the secretory function of the pancreas, stimulates the production of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex.
Diadynamic currents are obtained by one- and two-half-wave rectification of alternating mains current with a frequency of 50 Hz. To reduce adaptation to influences and increase the effectiveness of treatment, several types of current have been proposed, representing a sequential alternation of currents with a frequency of 50 and 100 Hz or alternating the latter with pauses.
A half-wave continuous (OH) half-sinusoidal current with a frequency of 50 Hz has a pronounced irritating and myostimulating property, up to tetanic muscle contraction; causes large unpleasant vibrations.
A full-wave continuous (DC) half-sinusoidal current with a frequency of 100 Hz has a pronounced analgesic and vasoactive property, causes fibrillar muscle twitching, and fine diffuse vibration.
A half-wave rhythmic (HR) current, the sendings of which alternate with pauses of equal duration (1.5 s), has the most pronounced myostimulating effect during the current sendings, combined with a period of complete muscle relaxation during the pause.
Current modulated by a short period (CP) is a sequential combination of currents ON and DN, following in equal bursts (1.5 s). Alternation significantly reduces adaptation to exposure. This current first has a neuromyostimulating effect, and after 1-2 minutes it has an analgesic effect; causes the patient to feel a sensation of alternating large and soft gentle vibrations.
Long-period modulated current (LP) is a simultaneous combination of current pulses of 4 s duration and
DN current lasting 8 s. The neuromyostimulating effect of such currents decreases, but the analgesic, vasodilator and trophic effects gradually increase. The patient's sensations are similar to those in the previous mode of exposure.
Half-wave wave (HF) current is a series of half-wave current pulses with an amplitude that increases from zero to a maximum value within 2 s, remains at this level for 4 s, and then decreases to zero within 2 s. The total duration of the pulse is 8 s, the duration of the entire period is 12 s.
Full-wave (FW) current is a series of full-wave current pulses with an amplitude that varies in the same way as that of the OF current. The total duration of the period is also 12 s.
Diadynamic current has an injecting ability, which determines its use in medicinal electrophoresis techniques (diadynamophoresis). Inferior to galvanic current in terms of the amount of drug substance administered, it promotes its deeper penetration, often potentiating its effect. It is best to prescribe diadynamophoresis when pain predominates.
Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures
To carry out DDT procedures, devices are used that generate bursts of pulses of different durations, frequencies and shapes with different lengths of pauses between bursts, such as “Tonus-1 (-2, -3)”, “SNIM-1”, “Diadynamic DD-5A” etc.
When carrying out the DDT procedure, hydrophilic electrode pads of the required size are moistened with warm tap water, wrung out, and metal plates are placed in the pad pockets or on top of them. Cup electrodes are placed in the area of maximum pain and are held by the handle of the electrode holder with your hand during the procedure. An electrode connected to the negative pole of the device - the cathode - is placed on the painful point; another electrode of the same area is placed next to the first at a distance equal to its diameter or more. With electrodes of different sizes, the smaller electrode (active) is placed on the painful point, the larger one (indifferent) is placed on a significant
distance (in the proximal part of the nerve trunk or limb). For DDT on the area of small joints of the hand or foot, water can be used as an active electrode: a glass or ebonite bath is filled with it and the bath is connected to the negative pole of the device through a carbon electrode.
Depending on the severity of the pathological process, the stage of the disease, the reactivity of the patient (the property of tissue to differentially respond to the action of an external stimulus; in this case, the effect of a physiotherapeutic factor or changes in the internal environment of the body), the individual characteristics of the body and the therapeutic problems being solved, one or another type of DDT is used, as well as their combination. To reduce addiction and gradually increase the intensity of the effect, 2-3 types of DDT current are used on the same area of the body.
The current strength is selected individually, taking into account the patient’s subjective sensations (slight tingling, burning, feeling of the electrode sliding, vibration, intermittent compression or muscle contraction in the area of influence). For DDT pain syndrome, the current strength is selected so that the patient feels a pronounced painless vibration (from 2-5 to 15-30 mA). During the procedure, addiction to the action of DDT is noted; this must be taken into account and, if necessary, the intensity of the impact must be increased. The duration of the procedure is 4-6 minutes in one area, the total exposure time is 15-20 minutes. The course of treatment includes 5-10 daily procedures.
Indications for treatment:
Neurological manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis with pain syndromes (lumbago, radiculitis, radicular syndrome), motor and vascular-trophic disorders;
Neuralgia, migraine;
Diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system, myositis, arthrosis, periarthritis;
Diseases of the digestive system (peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, pancreatitis);
Chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages;
Hypertension in the initial stages. Contraindications:
Current intolerance;
General contraindications to physiotherapy;
Acute inflammatory processes (purulent);
Thrombophlebitis;
Unfixed fractures;
Hemorrhages in the cavity and tissue;
Muscle and ligament ruptures.
Treatment methods
Diadynamic therapy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Small round electrodes are used. One electrode (cathode) is installed at the exit site of one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve, the second - in the area of pain irradiation. Apply DN current for 20-30 s, and then CP current for 1-2 min. The current strength is gradually increased until the patient feels a pronounced painless vibration; the course of treatment includes up to six daily procedures.
Diadynamic therapy in the treatment of migraine
The patient's position is lying on his side. The effect is applied with round electrodes on a hand holder. The cathode is installed 2 cm behind the angle of the lower jaw in the area of the upper cervical sympathetic ganglion, the anode is 2 cm above. The electrodes are placed perpendicular to the surface of the neck. Apply DN current for 3 minutes; The current strength is gradually increased until the patient feels pronounced vibration. The impact is carried out from both sides. The course consists of 4-6 daily procedures.
Diadynamic therapy for headaches associated with a hypotensive state, cerebral atherosclerosis (according to V.V. Sinitsin)
The patient's position is lying on his side. Small double electrodes on a hand holder are used. The electrodes are placed in the temporal region (at the level of the eyebrow) so that the temporal artery is in the interelectrode space. The CP current is applied for 1-3 minutes, followed by a change in polarity for 1-2 minutes. During one procedure, the right and left temporal arteries are affected alternately. The procedures are carried out daily or every other day, the course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures.
Diadynamic therapy for the gallbladder area
Plate electrodes are positioned as follows: an active electrode (cathode) with an area of 40-50 cm2 is placed on the area of projection of the gallbladder in front, the second electrode (anode) with a size of 100-120 cm2 is placed transversely on the back.
The OB is used in a constant or variable operating mode (in the latter, the duration of the period is 10-12 s, the rise time of the leading edge and the fall of the trailing edge are 2-3 s each). The current strength is increased until pronounced contractions of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall begin under the electrodes. The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes daily or every other day, the course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures.
Diadynamic therapy for the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall Electrodes with an area of 200-300 cm 2 are placed on the abdominal wall (cathode) and in the lumbosacral region (anode). DDT parameters: OV-current in constant operating mode; The current strength is increased until pronounced contractions of the abdominal wall appear, exposure time is 10-12 minutes. The course of treatment includes up to 15 procedures.
Diadynamic therapy for the perineal area
Electrodes with an area of 40-70 cm2 are arranged as follows:
Above the symphysis pubis (anode) and on the perineum (cathode);
Above the symphysis pubis and on the perineal area under the scrotum (polarity depends on the purpose of the effect);
Above the symphysis pubis (cathode) and on the lumbosacral spine (anode).
DDT parameters: half-wave current in alternating operating mode, period duration 4-6 s. You can use syncopation rhythm in alternating operating mode. If tolerated well, the current strength is increased until the patient feels pronounced vibration. The duration of the procedure is up to 10 minutes daily or every other day, the course of treatment includes up to 12-15 procedures.
The impact of diadynamic therapy on the female genital organs
Electrodes with an area of 120-150 cm 2 are placed transversely above the pubic symphysis and in the sacral region. DDT parameters: DP with polarity change - 1 min; CP - 2-3 minutes, DP - 2-3 minutes. Procedures are carried out daily or every other day. The course of treatment consists of 8-10 procedures.
Diadynamic therapy for diseases of the shoulder joint
Plate electrodes are placed transversely on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the joint (the cathode is at the site of pain projection).
DDT parameters: DV (or DN) - 2-3 min, CP - 2-3 min, DP -
3 min. If there is pain under both electrodes in the middle of the treatment
With each type of current, the polarity is reversed. The current strength is increased until the patient feels a pronounced painless vibration. The course includes 8-10 procedures, performed daily or every other day.
Diadynamic therapy for bruises or sprains of a joint
Round electrodes are placed on both sides of the joint at the most painful points. They are exposed to the DN current for 1 minute, and then to the CP for 2 minutes in the forward and reverse directions. The current strength is increased until the patient feels the most pronounced vibration. Procedures are carried out daily. The course of treatment consists of 5-7 procedures.
Electrical stimulation
Electrical stimulation is a method of therapeutic treatment with pulsed currents of low and high frequency, used to restore the activity of organs and tissues that have lost normal function, as well as to change the functional state of muscles and nerves. Apply separate impulses; series consisting of several impulses, as well as rhythmic impulses alternating with a certain frequency. The nature of the reaction caused depends on:
Intensity, configuration and duration of electrical impulses;
Functional state of the neuromuscular system. These factors, which are closely related to each other, lie in
based on electrodiagnostics, allowing you to select the optimal pulse current parameters for electrical stimulation.
Electrical stimulation supports muscle contractility, enhances blood circulation and metabolic processes in tissues, and prevents the development of atrophy and contractures. Procedures carried out in the correct rhythm and with the appropriate current strength create a flow of nerve impulses that enter the central nervous system, which in turn helps restore motor functions.
Indications
Electrical stimulation is most widely used in the treatment of diseases of the nerves and muscles. Such diseases include various paresis and paralysis of skeletal muscles, such as flaccid, caused by disorders of the peripheral nervous system.
we have both spinal cord (neuritis, consequences of polio and spinal injuries with damage to the spinal cord), and spastic, post-stroke. Electrical stimulation is indicated for aphonia due to paresis of the laryngeal muscles, paretic condition of the respiratory muscles and diaphragm. It is also used for muscle atrophy, both primary, which developed as a result of injuries to peripheral nerves and the spinal cord, and secondary, resulting from prolonged immobilization of the limbs due to fractures and osteoplastic operations. Electrical stimulation is indicated for atonic conditions of the smooth muscles of internal organs (stomach, intestines, bladder). The method is used for atonic bleeding, to prevent postoperative phlebothrombosis, to prevent complications during prolonged physical inactivity, and to increase the fitness of athletes.
Electrical stimulation is widely used in cardiology. A single high-voltage electrical discharge (up to 6 kV), the so-called defibrillation, is capable of restoring the functioning of a stopped heart and bringing a patient with myocardial infarction out of a state of clinical death. An implanted miniature device (pacemaker), which supplies rhythmic impulses to the patient’s heart muscle, ensures long-term effective functioning of the heart when its conduction pathways are blocked.
Contraindications
Contraindications include:
Gallstone and kidney stone disease;
Acute purulent processes in the abdominal organs;
Spastic state of muscles.
Electrical stimulation of facial muscles is contraindicated if their excitability increases, as well as with early signs of contracture. Electrical stimulation of the muscles of the limbs is contraindicated in case of ankylosis of the joints, dislocations until they are reduced, bone fractures until they are consolidated.
General instructions for performing procedures
Electrical stimulation procedures are dosed individually according to the strength of the irritating current. During the procedure, the patient should experience intense, visible, but painless muscle contractions. The patient should not experience any discomfort. Absence of muscle contractions or painful sensations indicate incorrect placement of the electrodes or inadequacy of the applied current. Duration of the procedure
pain is individual and depends on the severity of the pathological process, the number of affected muscles and the treatment method.
In physiotherapy, electrical stimulation is used mainly to influence damaged nerves and muscles, as well as the smooth muscles of the walls of internal organs.
Electrodiagnostics
Electrodiagnostics is a method that allows you to determine the functional state of the peripheral neuromuscular system using certain forms of current.
When a nerve or muscle is irritated by current, its bioelectrical activity changes and spike responses are formed. By changing the rhythm of stimulation, one can detect a gradual transition from single contractions to serrated tetanus (when the muscle manages to partially relax and contracts again under the influence of the next current pulse), and then to complete tetanus (when the muscle does not relax at all due to frequent repetition of current pulses). These reactions of the neuromuscular apparatus when irritated by direct and pulsed currents formed the basis of classical electrodiagnostics and electrical stimulation.
The main task of electrodiagnostics is to determine quantitative and qualitative changes in the response of muscles and nerves to stimulation by tetanizing and intermittent direct current. Repeated electrodiagnostic studies make it possible to establish the dynamics of the pathological process (restoration or deepening of the lesion), assess the effectiveness of treatment and obtain the necessary information for prognosis. In addition, a correct assessment of the state of electrical excitability of the neuromuscular system allows one to select optimal current parameters for electrical stimulation.
Electrical stimulation maintains contractility and muscle tone, improves blood circulation and metabolism in the affected muscles, slows down their atrophy, and restores high lability of the neuromuscular system. During electrical stimulation, based on electrodiagnostic data, the shape of the pulse current, the pulse repetition rate are selected, and their amplitude is regulated. In this case, pronounced painless rhythmic muscle contractions are achieved. The duration of the pulses used is 1-1000 ms. The current strength for the muscles of the hand and face is:
is 3-5 mA, and for the muscles of the shoulder, lower leg and thigh - 10-15 mA. The main criterion of adequacy is obtaining an isolated painless muscle contraction of maximum magnitude when exposed to a current of minimum strength.
Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures
To carry out electrodiagnostics, the Neuropulse device is used. For electrodiagnostics use:
Intermittent direct current with a rectangular pulse duration of 0.1-0.2 s (with manual interruption);
Tetanizing current with pulses of a triangular configuration, frequency 100 Hz and pulse duration 1-2 ms;
Square wave pulse current and exponential wave pulse current with pulse frequency adjustable from 0.5-1200 Hz and pulse duration adjustable from 0.02-300 ms.
The study of electrical excitability is carried out in a warm, well-lit room. The muscles of the area under study and the healthy (symmetrical) side should be as relaxed as possible. When carrying out electrodiagnostics, one of the electrodes (guide, with an area of 100-150 cm2) with a moistened hydrophilic gasket is placed on the sternum or spine and connected to the anode of the device. The second electrode, previously covered with hydrophilic fabric, is periodically moistened with water. During electrodiagnostics, the reference electrode is placed at the motor point of the nerve or muscle being studied. These points correspond to the projection of the nerves at their most superficial location or the entry points of the motor nerve into the muscles. Based on special research by R. Erb at the end of the 19th century. compiled tables indicating the typical location of motor points where muscles contract at the lowest current strength.
For myoneurostimulation, the Miorhythm and Stimul-1 devices are used. In case of minor lesions of nerves and muscles, devices for DDT and amplipulse therapy (in straightened mode) are also used for electrical stimulation. Stimulation of internal organs is carried out using the Endoton-1 apparatus.
The Stimul-1 device generates three types of pulse currents. For electrical stimulation with this device, plate electrodes with hydrophilic pads of various sizes are used,
as well as strip electrodes of a special design. In addition, electrodes on the handle with a push-button breaker are used. The location of the points is noted by the doctor during electrodiagnostics.
For electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles in case of pronounced pathological changes, a bipolar technique is used, in which two equal-sized electrodes with an area of 6 cm2 are placed as follows: one electrode (cathode) - at the motor point, the other (anode) - in the area of transition of the muscle into the tendon, in distal section. With the bipolar technique, both electrodes are placed along the stimulated muscle and fixed with a bandage so that muscle contraction is unimpeded and visible. During electrical stimulation, the patient should not experience any unpleasant pain; After contracting a muscle, it needs to rest. The greater the degree of muscle damage, the less frequently the contractions caused (from 1 to 12 contractions per minute), the longer the rest after each contraction. As muscle movements are restored, the frequency of contractions is gradually increased. With active stimulation, when the current is turned on simultaneously with the patient’s attempt to produce a voluntary muscle contraction, the number and duration of impulses are regulated with a manual modulator.
The current strength is adjusted during the procedure, achieving pronounced painless muscle contractions. The current strength varies depending on the muscle group - from 3-5 mA to 10-15 mA. The duration of the procedure and the course of electrical muscle stimulation depends on the nature of the muscle damage and its severity. Procedures are carried out 1-2 times a day or every other day. The course of treatment is 10-15 procedures.
Indications for electrical stimulation:
Flaccid paresis and paralysis associated with nerve injury, specific or nonspecific inflammation of the nerve, toxic damage to the nerve, degenerative diseases of the spine;
Central paresis and paralysis associated with impaired cerebral circulation;
Muscle atrophy due to prolonged physical inactivity and immobilization bandages;
Hysterical paresis and paralysis;
Postoperative intestinal paresis, various dyskinesias of the stomach, intestines, biliary and urinary tracts, ureteral stones;
Muscle stimulation to improve peripheral arterial and venous circulation, as well as lymphatic drainage;
Increasing and strengthening the muscle mass of athletes. Contraindications:
Current intolerance;
General contraindications to physiotherapy;
Acute inflammatory processes;
Contracture of facial muscles;
Bleeding (except for dysfunctional uterine);
Bone fractures before immobilization;
Dislocations of joints before reduction;
Ankylosis of the joints;
Bone fractures before their consolidation;
Gallstone disease;
Thrombophlebitis;
Condition after acute cerebrovascular accident (first 5-15 days);
Suture of a nerve or vessel during the first month after surgery;
Spastic paresis and paralysis;
Heart rhythm disturbances (atrial fibrillation, polytopic extrasystole).
Pulse therapy is the most powerful weapon against your illness
It is currently known
that each organ of the human body corresponds to a certain color and vibration frequency. Color has an electromagnetic nature, so it actively interacts with the energy structures of the human body, enhancing or suppressing their vibrations. Changes in a person’s energy structure lead to changes on the physical level, in his body.
Pulse therapy method
built on the law of resonant interaction of colors that coincide with the frequency characteristics of human organs. Entering the retina of the eye, light energy is transmitted through the pineal gland and pineal gland to various structures of the body that need treatment or correction.
The eyes in this case act only as conductors of light pulses. And this is no coincidence, since the iris of the eyes contains projections of all human organs and systems ( Figure 1) Because Since the light ray is the language of communication between the cells of the body, its color scheme helps restore the energy balance disturbed by the disease.
Figure 1 
The modern idea of the world is defined as materialistic, and the objects of this world are information systems organized by structured energy. Physical energy has vibration, which takes the form of, for example, electromagnetic waves. Matter also vibrates at the level of atoms, or elementary particles, an idea at the heart of quantum physics.
The physical plane is just a compaction of harmonized wave processes that form the basis of the energy-information space. In other words, every object in the Universe (including humans) represents certain combinations of waves of various vibrations or vibrations.
Projecting the above onto human health, the following main conclusions can be drawn:
Conclusion 1 The human body has a wave nature and in essence, strange as it may sound, is light ( Figure 2). Yes, outwardly it looks like quite dense matter. But, if our body is divided into separate components, we will see that it consists of organs, organs - of tissues, tissues - of cells, etc. ( Figure 3).
Conclusion 2 In each cell, a huge number of biochemical reactions occur every second, each of which has a specific wave radiation. The radiation of all cells is added up, and the radiation of the organ is formed. When the radiation of all organs is added up, the result is human radiation - this is the total radiation of all cells of the body.
Figure 2
Figure 3
organs -- tissues -- cells -- molecules -- atoms -- subatomic particles -- waves
Conclusion 3 Individual cells, organs, and systems of organisms have special combinations of vibrations of a certain frequency, and, from this point of view, the human body can be compared to a complex piece of music. A healthy state of the body is characterized by harmonious vibrations, and a diseased state is characterized by “false notes” and dissonance.
In other words, in a healthy body, each cell works in a balanced manner and emits a certain “healthy” spectrum of waves into space (harmonious vibrations). The basis of any disease is a disruption in the functioning of the cells of any organ. That is, the cells begin to work differently. They are sick and emit a completely different spectrum of waves (disharmonious vibrations) into space.
Conclusion 4 Therefore, in order to eliminate the disease, it is necessary to eliminate wave disturbances in the cells, bringing their work into line with harmonious vibrations. What it looks like is shown in the pictures below. For clarity, instead of photographs of sick and healthy cells, we used photographs of “sick” and “healthy” water crystals (as is known, about 75% of the body’s water is inside cells as part of cellular protoplasm).
The magnetotherapy method is based on the effect of magnetic fields on the human body. Even Aristotle in the 4th century BC. mentioned in his works the use of the mineral magnetic iron ore for the treatment of many diseases. Later it was used by Galen (2nd century AD), Avicenna (10th century AD) and Paracelsus (16th century), and Charcot and Trousseau began to use artificial magnets.
Currently, a magnetic field is understood as a set of time-varying, mutually related electrical and magnetic phenomena. A magnetic field occurs wherever there is a moving electric charge or current.
No special receptor zones have been found in the body that perceive electromagnetic vibrations, however, there is numerous scientific evidence that natural magnetic fields affect the higher centers of nervous and humoral regulation, the permeability of biological membranes, the properties of the water and colloid systems of the body, the biocurrents of the brain and hearts. With the help of modern magnetic therapy devices, it is possible to influence the body in a controlled manner by changing the physical characteristics of the magnetic field.
Classification of magnetic fields
By origin:
- natural or natural (geomagnetic field of the Earth, Sun),
- artificial,
- fields of biological objects;
By change in space:
- homogeneous,
- heterogeneous;
By intensity:
- weak,
- average,
- strong,
- super strong;
By change over time:
- permanent (PMP),
- variable (PeMP),
- pulsed (IMP),
- pulsating (PuMP).
A constant magnetic field is constant over time at a given point in space, while a variable magnetic field changes over time in magnitude and direction. A pulsed magnetic field changes in magnitude over time, but not in direction. A pulsed traveling magnetic field (PTMF) moves in space relative to a stationary patient and pulses in time. It is the most biologically active, and therefore most often used for medicinal purposes.
Today, magnetic therapy is widely used in medical institutions, sanatoriums, rehabilitation, sports and health centers. Portable magnetic therapy devices “Imedis” and “ALMAG” are well-known and have proven themselves; similar technology is also implemented in the “Bioscanner” BIORS hardware and software complex.
The effect of a pulsed magnetic field on the body
Pulsed magnetic therapy or so-called magnetic stimulation is treatment with a pulsed magnetic field of weak (with a pulse amplitude of 20-100 mT) and strong intensity (100-1400 mT). Magnetic field pulses cause eddy electric currents in living tissues.
Organs and systems react differently to the magnetic field. This depends on the electrical and magnetic properties of tissues, differences in microcirculation, metabolic rate, etc. The nervous and endocrine systems are most sensitive to the magnetic field. It also affects the sensory organs, cardiovascular system, blood properties, muscular, digestive, urinary, respiratory and skeletal systems.
Magnetic therapy devices have a local (on the pathological focus) or general effect (on the body as a whole). However, in essence, these effects are inseparable, since any local influence includes reflex mechanisms, which causes a response from central regulatory mechanisms. As a rule, the impact of a magnetic field on a pathological area is often supplemented by stimulation of the Zakharyin-Ged reflex zones and biologically active points (BAP).
The use of magnetic therapy causes the following effects:
- Correction of the functional systems of the body (with a pathological increase in the function of an organ or system, its decrease is observed, and with depression, activation of the function is observed).
- Decreased pain sensitivity due to inhibition of pain impulses along the nerves.
- Normalization of sleep (sedative effect) and reduction of emotional stress by stimulating inhibition processes of the sympathetic-adrenal system.
- Dilation of blood vessels, including small capillaries, which leads to improved delivery of oxygen and nutrients to various organs, as well as the removal of waste and toxins, acceleration of metabolism, reduction of inflammatory edema and restoration of damaged tissue.
- A low-intensity magnetic field reduces cerebral vascular tone with improved blood supply, which has a particularly beneficial effect on the patient’s condition after a stroke.
- By dilating the arteries and affecting the brain, magnetic therapy helps lower blood pressure.
- Activation of lipid metabolism processes leads to a decrease in cholesterol in the blood.
- Impact on the cervical-occipital region improves blood circulation in the brain in case of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (cervical osteochondrosis, disc herniation, etc.).
- Stimulation of the nerve fibers of skeletal muscles during magnetic therapy improves their contractility. Improving conductivity and accelerating the growth of nerve endings is beneficial for faster restoration of the functions of injured peripheral nerves.
- Increasing vascular permeability promotes the resorption of edema (therapeutic effect for inflammation, wounds and injuries). Increased metabolic processes and protein synthesis with local exposure leads to faster healing of fractures.
- Stimulation of thyroid function (useful for hypofunction).
- An increase in venous tone, a decrease in blood viscosity and a decrease in intravascular wall thrombus formation are beneficial for chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins and obliterating atherosclerosis of the vessels of the lower extremities.
Negative effects of a magnetic field
Exposure to a magnetic field does not cause skin irritation or the formation of endogenous (internal) heat. As a rule, the method is well tolerated, including by frail and elderly patients who suffer from concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system. This makes the use of a magnetic therapy apparatus useful even in cases where other means of physical treatment are contraindicated.
However, magnetic fields of 70 mT and higher, if dosed incorrectly, can disrupt the activity of various functional systems and lead to hypoxia and degenerative processes. Therefore, when carrying out magnetic therapy, it is necessary to strictly observe safety precautions, control the time and dose of exposure.
In addition, electromagnetic radiation also affects the doctor, so when magnetic therapy is performed frequently, the specialist is recommended to leave the room. However, several therapy programs are implemented in BIORS medical complexes (mainly targeted contact methods), which allows the use of treatment methods that have minimal impact on the doctor. For the same reason, BIORS devices do not use EHF (extremely high-frequency therapy) and other methods of remote influence. As for other magnetic therapy devices (“ALMAG”, “Imedis”, etc.), you can become familiar with their features by reading the corresponding instructions for the devices.
What is treated with pulsed magnetic therapy:
inflammatory, traumatic, toxic and ischemic lesions of the peripheral nervous system (radiculitis, infectious-allergic polyradiculoneuritis, toxic polyneuropathy, plexitis, neuritis, neuralgia, reconstructive surgical interventions on the nerves, etc.);
diseases and injuries of the central nervous system (transient cerebrovascular accident, ischemic stroke of the brain, consequences of traumatic brain injury with movement disorders, closed spinal cord injuries with movement disorders);
acute, subacute and chronic inflammatory processes;
inflammatory and degenerative-dystrophic diseases of bones and joints (osteoarthrosis, osteochondrosis, periarthritis, spondylosis deformans, ankylosing spondylitis);
injuries of the musculoskeletal system and their consequences, including bruises, dislocations, sprains, open fractures of bones and joints, delayed consolidation of fractures, etc. (three days after osteosynthesis or immobilization);
hemorrhages in muscles, joints, subcutaneous tissue (three days after injury);
treatment of trophic ulcers, slow-healing wounds, furunculosis;
hypo- and muscle atrophy as a result of physical inactivity, including in the postoperative period;
training of the neuromuscular system in athletes;
atherosclerosis;
diseases of the respiratory system (mild to moderate bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis);
diseases of the digestive system (hypomotor-evacuation dysfunction of the stomach after gastrectomy and vagotomy, chronic pancreatitis with secretory insufficiency, hypomotor dysfunction of the stomach, colon and gall bladder, chronic hepatitis with moderate impairment of liver function);
urological diseases (stone in the ureter, condition after lithotripsy, bladder atony, sphincter weakness, prostatitis);
gynecological diseases (inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages, ovarian hypofunction);
dental disorders (periodontal disease).
Contraindications to pulsed magnetic therapy:
severe cardiovascular diseases (acute myocardial infarction, severe cardiovascular failure and cardiac arrhythmias, severe hypotension, aneurysm of the heart, aorta and large vessels, acute period of cerebrovascular accident);
acute infectious diseases (active tuberculosis, purulent inflammatory processes before drainage, fever);
neuropsychiatric disorders (diseases of the central nervous system with severe agitation, epilepsy);
systemic blood diseases and tendency to bleeding;
thrombophlebitis, acute thrombosis, gangrene;
malignant neoplasms;
diffuse toxic goiter of the third degree;
cholelithiasis;
pregnancy;
age up to 1.5 years (local magnetic therapy is contraindicated) and up to 18 years (general exposure is contraindicated);
presence of an implanted pacemaker (its operation may be disrupted);
the presence of metal objects loosely located in the tissues of the body - for example, fragments after wounds.
For metal synthesis, the use of the Ilizarov apparatus and metal implanted joints, magnetic therapy NOT contraindicated.
Magnetic therapy programs at AIC "Bioscanner" BIORS
The Bioscanner, unlike many magnetic therapy devices, has the ability to carry out treatment according to 90 programs, including therapy for the above indications and psychocorrection programs. Psychocorrection programs use signals that coincide with electromagnetic waves of different frequencies emitted by the human brain. This therapy triggers self-regulation mechanisms and allows you to harmonize information exchange processes in the body.
With the help of psychocorrection programs, the following effects are carried out:
Activation of intellectual activity, concentration, extraction of relevant information from the subconscious, while improving blood supply to the brain - can be used for a short time or during training, and the greatest effect is observed when perceiving material by ear (useful for learning difficulties, for faster assimilation of new material , including when learning foreign languages, stress and sleep disturbances before exams);
Restoring the body’s adaptation mechanisms, plunging into deep sleep, expanding the capabilities of the subconscious to find solutions or answers;
Relaxing, meditative effect (especially useful for prolonged tension of different muscle groups and/or sleep disturbances, to achieve clarity of thoughts and self-confidence in order to reduce stress levels, explore one’s own consciousness and psychomodeling of new behavior patterns);
Expanding the capabilities of consciousness, including improving creative abilities (activation of the subconscious, imagination and memory, stimulation of imaginative thinking, etc.);
Quick recovery of strength after intense mental or stressful work, energization of the body (this magnetic therapy program helps reduce fatigue and increase efficiency, improve concentration);
Simultaneous relaxation and activation of the psyche (it is beneficial to use an appropriate magnetotherapy program before sports competitions, as it allows you to concentrate and reduce the level of anxiety);
Stimulation of control of internal needs (used in the complex treatment of alcoholism, substance abuse and other addictions, including smoking, helping to resist cravings by achieving emotional stability and self-confidence);
Overcoming fears (for phobias, neuroses) - regular implementation of an appropriate magnetic therapy program helps to cope with the fear of making decisions, public speaking, etc.;
Stabilization of the immune system during stress, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms of the cardiovascular system, muscle tension in the collar area and spine (often occurs with osteochondrosis), neurocirculatory dystonia;
Hypnotic effect for insomnia and other sleep disorders that are not corrected by relaxation programs;
Mental stabilization for various psychosomatic disorders, including weakened immunity (recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, bedwetting, learning difficulties, including those due to hyperkinetic syndrome);
Treatment of stress and associated disorders of the immune status and hormonal balance (used as an adjuvant therapy for allergies, tumors (including fibroids) and fungal infections, insufficiency of the function of any endocrine glands, diabetes mellitus, neuroses, eczema, gastric and duodenal ulcers intestines, asthma, lymphedema, migraine, hypotension, varicose veins, dysmenorrhea, osteoporosis, kidney stones, impotence/frigidity, during puberty and menopause);
Treatment of stress, which is manifested by spasms of various types (stabbing pains in different parts of the body with vegetative-vascular dystonia, pain of tension in the shoulder-occipital region, headaches, including migraines, spasms of smooth muscles) - this program is not used for any types of tumors ;
Treatment of depressive conditions, including phobias and anxiety, psychosomatic complaints from the cardiovascular system, peptic ulcers, endocrine disorders (including depression during premenstrual syndrome and menopause);
Treatment of disorders associated with brain diseases, including cerebral atherosclerosis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases;
Pain relief associated with an increase in the level of endorphins, as well as with the activation of the body’s ability to self-heal (successfully used for tension headaches and other chronic pain, especially those of a psychogenic nature);
Reproduction of Schumann waves. Electromagnetic waves of ultra-low and low frequencies arise between our planet and the lower layer of the atmosphere. Their fundamental frequency (7.8 Hz) coincides with the frequency of the human brain (the alpha rhythm of newborn children or a waking person in a state of meditation). The effect of Schumann waves on the body improves concentration, gives a “charge” of energy, and expands the capabilities of consciousness.
Method of conducting pulsed magnetic therapy
The methods of carrying out the procedures depend on the specific magnetic therapy device (“ALMAG”, “Imedis”, “Bioscanner”, etc.), but, as a rule, the general principle is that the inductors are installed motionless above the pathological focus or smoothly moved around this areas. The procedures are carried out daily or every other day, depending on the pathology, and are dosed according to the pulse repetition rate, the amplitude of the magnetic induction, the interpulse interval and the duration of the procedure (usually from 5 to 15 minutes). As a rule, the course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures, which, if necessary, can be repeated after 1-2 months, however, each magnetic therapy program has its own characteristics. For example, some psychocorrection programs can be carried out twice a day, in short courses, or once.
It is simply amazing how diverse the methods and methods of treating a particular disease are now. I constantly discover something new for myself. Here's an example:
Pulse therapy of the central nervous system (TES), or, as the creator himself called it, the Method of transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain's protective mechanisms, was developed in the 90s of the 20th century.
This method appeared at the Institute of Physiology named after. I.P. Pavlova of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPB). This is the latest development in the field of physiotherapeutic treatment and was carried out by a group of scientists, led by a very talented specialist - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and the Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences Valery Pavlovich Lebedev.
During clinical trials, the technique was proven to be highly effective in treating a wide range of diseases, including alcohol and drug addiction. It is important that the principles of evidence-based medicine were used in the preparation of the methodology, which ensured recognition in domestic and foreign medical circles.
Today, TES therapy is one of the most popular methods of physiotherapeutic treatment and is used both at the stage of inpatient treatment of alcoholism and in a later period of rehabilitation.
There are a large number of devices that work using this method, but Doctor TES-03 is the only home medical device that reliably activates the production of endorphins. Undoubtedly, Doctor-TES is a highly effective and safe therapy in your home.
What does the method itself consist of? Pulse therapy of the central nervous system is usually carried out in courses. The doctor prescribes their number individually, depending on the task and the patient’s health condition.
The session takes place in a lying or sitting position. Electrodes connected to a machine that produces weak electrical impulses are applied to certain points on the head (in the area of the forehead and temporal bones, called the mastoid processes). The patient may only feel a slight tingling sensation at the site of contact of the electrode with the skin.
At the end of the session, the electrodes are removed, and since the technique is non-invasive, there is no damage to the skin.
Currently, the method of pulse therapy of the central nervous system has earned recognition in wide medical circles. Despite the relative youth of the technique, it is already used in many medical institutions, including drug treatment institutions.
After a course of TES therapy, patients note a significant decrease in craving for alcohol, headaches, insomnia, and depression, which often accompany patients during treatment for alcoholism, disappear. In addition, pulse therapy of the central nervous system allows you to quickly relieve withdrawal symptoms and eliminate the affects of the post-withdrawal period.
Electrical pulse therapy (EPT) is a method used to restore cardiac arrhythmias. Cardioversion is used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal tachycardia. Represents the effect on the myocardium of a high-power direct current.
The discharge is delivered at a certain phase of the heart rhythm. It differs in safety, because in the first case there is a risk of delivering an electric shock to the patient in the most vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle. It is used in cases of ventricular fibrillation. These two methods are electrical pulse therapy, which is indispensable for cardiology.
Indications for electropulse therapy
- Patients with ventricular dysfunction (flutter and fibrillation).
- With persistent gastric tachycardia. If hemodynamics are compromised, cardioversion is performed immediately. To further stabilize the patient's condition, drug therapy is used.
- People with supraventricular tachycardias. In this case, electropulse therapy is indicated for patients whose condition is rapidly deteriorating or traditional treatment is ineffective.
- When atrial fibrillation or flutter is diagnosed, cardioversion is prescribed based on the patient's condition.
- EIT is used to treat tachyarrhythmias. However, for patients with this type of disease, reentry is more effective than for people with a disease caused by increased automaticity.
- Electrical pulse therapy is indicated for patients with shock resulting from tachyarrhythmia and pulmonary edema.
- This type of therapy is indicated for patients with pronounced tachycardia, when more than 150 beats per minute are diagnosed. People with acute myocardial infarction and those who suffer from unstable hemodynamics. EIT is indispensable if therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs is contraindicated.
Carrying out EITCardioversion-defibrillation is an important and irreplaceable method with which serious conditions are stabilized.
To use EIT, the doctor must know about all the patient’s diseases that may complicate the condition, and about the individual characteristics of the body.
Electropulse therapy: contraindications
There are cases when this type of therapy is contraindicated. If a patient is diagnosed with atrioventricular block, this type of treatment is not used. This applies to people with sick sinus syndrome and heart defects, if they are treated surgically. If there is no threat to the patient's life, cardioversion is not used, as there is a risk of ventricular fibrillation.
It is strictly forbidden to carry out EIT in case of an overdose of digitalis preparations. When the body is saturated with glycosides and potassium levels are low due to diuretics, this therapy is not recommended. Low effectiveness of the method is observed in the treatment of patients with severe heart failure and cardiomegaly.
How patients are prepared for the procedure
There is no general scheme that doctors follow when dealing with EIT. If the procedure is prescribed to the patient as planned, it is recommended not to eat for 6–8 hours.
If the patient does not require extreme assistance, certain drugs are administered about an hour before the procedure to create a background concentration. It is strictly contraindicated to administer beta blockers for this purpose, which can lead to serious consequences.
When cardioversion or defibrillation is performed for emergency reasons, and a person’s life is in danger, doctors do without training, since there is no time for this. If possible, do oxygen therapy with 100% humidified oxygen. Correct electrolyte balance and CBS.
If the patient has not lost consciousness, painkillers and sedatives should be given before the procedure.
If respiratory depression is observed, the patient is injected with analgesics that do not contain narcotics, for example: analgin. Next, the person is put into medicated sleep by administering diazepam intravenously, this is done slowly, in a stream, first 5 mg, and then 2 mg are added until the patient falls asleep. To avoid respiratory depression, drugs with a minimal dose of narcotic drugs are used. Quite often, breathing problems occur in a patient during the period of falling asleep, so doctors need to be especially careful.
Technique of the procedure
First, the discharge energy is determined, it all depends on the diagnosis and condition of the patient.
- 50 J is enough for supraventricular tachycardia, when the heartbeat increases sharply and paroxysmally, the heart rate exceeds 100 beats. The same discharge is used for atrial flutter.
- A 100 J pulse is used for atrial fibrillation - this is one of the types of supraventricular tachycardia, chaotic electronic activity of the atria is observed, heart rate fluctuates between 350 - 700 per minute. And with ventricular tachycardia, the frequency of ventricular contractions exceeds 100 beats per minute. Characterized by a sudden cessation of disturbances and the same sudden resumption, occurs regularly. A fairly severe and life-threatening heart rhythm disorder.
- 200 J is used if the patient has polymorphic tachycardia, a serious disturbance in heart rhythm can cause arrhythmic death. Or ventricular fibrillation - a violation of the coordinated functioning of the heart muscles, in which the main function of the organ is disrupted.
The diagnosis and condition of the patient determines the discharge energy The strength of the first category is indicated; if it is ineffective, doctors increase it. The pulse can reach a maximum of 360 J.
If the necessary equipment is available, and if the patient’s condition allows, synchronization of the electronic discharge is used at a certain phase of the heart rhythm. More precisely, when an R wave appears on the ECG, a shock is immediately given. This is cardioversion.
To minimize the electronic resistance before EIT, electrodes are placed on the patient’s defatted skin; alcohol or other methods are used for this. After the electrodes are pressed firmly against the patient's chest, the first shock is applied. This should be done when the person has taken a deep breath.
When defibrillation is completed, the heart rhythm is checked; if it has recovered, it is necessary to register an ECG in 12 leads; for this, the potential difference between two electrodes located on the patient’s body is recorded.
Antiarrhythmic drugs and how they are used in EIT
In the case when, after three shocks, the heart rhythm has not recovered, and the doctors constantly increased the strength of the impulse, then the fourth maximum is 360 J. It is applied after the administration of an antiarrhythmic drug intravenously, which is prescribed for rhythm disturbances. In this way, the effect achieved by electropulse therapy is consolidated.
What determines the effectiveness of EIT?
Cardioversion-defibrillation is effective and safe if doctors have done the following:
- Correct diagnosis.
- Preparation of equipment and necessary equipment, all necessary solutions and preparations.
- Appropriate patient preparation.
- Administering the correct pain medications and sedatives.
- Compliance with a technique in which the procedure is carried out taking into account all the rules and regulations for the dosage of drugs, with degreasing of the skin.
- Prescription of antiarrhythmic drugs.
- Accounting for and compliance with safety regulations.
- The technical capabilities of the defibrillator used in work have been tested.
If cardioversion-defibrillation is ineffective, we can talk about incorrect implementation of the technique, incorrect determination of indications for electropulse therapy, the patient’s serious condition, when the electronic balance or CBS is significantly impaired, in which case correction is required.
More:
In what cases is cardioversion prescribed for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients?
