He served in the navy as a cabin boy. Presentation on the topic: "Little heroes of the big war
Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. We studied, helped our elders, played, ran and jumped, breaking our noses and knees. Only their relatives and friends knew their names. Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. We studied, helped our elders, played, ran and jumped, breaking our noses and knees. Only their relatives and friends knew their names.
Their childhood as adults was filled with such trials that today it is difficult to believe. But it was. Their childhood as adults was filled with such trials that today it is difficult to believe. But it was. It happened in the history of our great country, it happened in the destinies of its little citizens - ordinary boys and girls. It happened in the history of our great country, it happened in the destinies of its little citizens - ordinary boys and girls. And people called them heroes. And people called them heroes. Today we learn from them selfless love for the Motherland, courage and dignity, courage and perseverance. Today we learn from them selfless love for the Motherland, courage and dignity, courage and perseverance.
Little heroes of the big war. They fought everywhere - At sea: At sea: Sasha Kovalev served in the navy as a cabin boy. One day, a German ship opened fire on a Russian military boat. The shell hit the engine compartment. A hole has formed. Water rushed into the engine room. Sasha covered the hole with his body. The machines started working. The boat left the enemy. Sasha Kovalev died, but saved the entire team and the military boat. Sasha Kovalev served in the navy as a cabin boy. One day, a German ship opened fire on a Russian military boat. The shell hit the engine compartment. A hole has formed. Water rushed into the engine room. Sasha covered the hole with his body. The machines started working. The boat left the enemy. Sasha Kovalev died, but saved the entire team and the military boat.
In the sky, like Arkasha Kamanin. In the sky, like Arkasha Kamanin. Arkady Kamanin dreamed of heaven when he was still very young. Arkady Kamanin dreamed of heaven when he was still very young. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, was a famous pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. My father’s friend, the famous pilot Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov, was always nearby. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, was a famous pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. My father’s friend, the famous pilot Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov, was always nearby. The boy also really wanted to fly, but they didn’t let him into the air, they said: “Grow up first.” The boy also really wanted to fly, but they didn’t let him into the air, they said: “Grow up first.” When the war began, Arkasha came to work at the airfield. When the war began, Arkasha came to work at the airfield. He took every opportunity to take to the skies. Experienced pilots sometimes trusted him to fly the plane, even if only for a few minutes. He took every opportunity to take to the skies. Experienced pilots sometimes trusted him to fly the plane, even if only for a few minutes.
Once, during an air battle, the cockpit glass was broken by an enemy bullet. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to transfer control of the plane to Arkady, and the boy managed to bring and land the plane at his airfield. Once, during an air battle, the cockpit glass was broken by an enemy bullet. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to transfer control of the plane to Arkady, and the boy managed to bring and land the plane at his airfield. After this, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flying. Soon he began to fly on his own. One day, from above, a young pilot saw our plane shot down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, carried the pilot into his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis until the victory. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky! After this, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flying. Soon he began to fly on his own. One day, from above, a young pilot saw our plane shot down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, carried the pilot into his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis until the victory. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky!
Zina Portnova The war found Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, in the Vitebsk region. The guys created the organization “Young Avengers”. They helped the partisans and conducted reconnaissance of enemy positions in the rear. It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche she was betrayed by a traitor. The Germans captured Zina, tortured her, tormented her, but she was silent. She did not reveal the location of the partisan detachment, nor its strength or combat effectiveness. The war found Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, in the Vitebsk region. The guys created the organization “Young Avengers”. They helped the partisans and conducted reconnaissance of enemy positions in the rear. It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche she was betrayed by a traitor. The Germans captured Zina, tortured her, tormented her, but she was silent. She did not reveal the location of the partisan detachment, nor its strength or combat effectiveness. During one of the interrogations, having caught the moment when the German turned to the window, Zina grabbed his pistol and shot the fascist at point-blank range. The officer who ran in to hear the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis caught up with her and brutally tortured her. During one of the interrogations, having caught the moment when the German turned to the window, Zina grabbed his pistol and shot the fascist at point-blank range. The officer who ran in to hear the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis caught up with her and brutally tortured her.
Lenya Golikov When the Great Patriotic War began, Lenya joined the partisan detachment. He puts up leaflets and runs various errands. There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy hit a car. A Nazi man got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, firing back, began to run. Lenya is behind him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. The briefcase contained very important documents. The partisan headquarters immediately transported them by plane to Moscow. When the Great Patriotic War began, Lenya joined the partisan detachment. He puts up leaflets and runs various errands. There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy hit a car. A Nazi man got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, firing back, began to run. Lenya is behind him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. The briefcase contained very important documents. The partisan headquarters immediately transported them by plane to Moscow.
Marat Kazei When the war struck the Belarusian land, Marat and his mother went into the partisan detachment. The enemy was fierce. When the war fell on Belarusian soil, Marat and his mother joined the partisan detachment. The enemy was fierce. Soon Marat learned that his mother was hanged in Minsk. He became a scout, penetrated enemy garrisons and obtained valuable information. Soon Marat learned that his mother was hanged in Minsk. He became a scout, penetrated enemy garrisons and obtained valuable information. Using this data, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let his enemies get closer and blew them up... And himself. Using this data, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let his enemies get closer and blew them up... And himself.
Valya Kotik When the Nazis burst into the village, Valya and his friends fought the enemy. They picked up weapons at the battle site, which the partisans then transported to the detachment. Valya was entrusted to be a liaison and intelligence officer. When the Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, Valya, tracking down the Nazi officer who led the punitive forces, killed him. When arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his brother and mother, went to the partisans. At the age of 14, he fought on par with adults. He has 6 enemy trains blown up on the way to the front. When the Nazis burst into the village, Valya and his friends fought the enemy. They picked up weapons at the battle site, which the partisans then transported to the detachment. Valya was entrusted to be a liaison and intelligence officer. When the Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, Valya, tracking down the Nazi officer who led the punitive forces, killed him. When arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his brother and mother, went to the partisans. At the age of 14, he fought on par with adults. He has 6 enemy trains blown up on the way to the front.
Valya Kotik was awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 2nd degree and the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree. His homeland posthumously awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
These are your peers! Today we learn from them selfless devotion and love for their Motherland, courage, dignity, courage and perseverance. There is a peaceful sky above us. In the name of this, millions of sons and daughters of our Motherland gave their lives. And among them are those who were the same age as you...
I apologize in advance for the somewhat piquant “coverage” of this issue. We will talk about homosexuality on sailing ships of that supposedly romantic time. Professional associations of sailors around the world immediately catch my eye. But these are professionals who make money in a rather dangerous manner in that supposedly romantic era. (according to my speculation, sailing ships are a remnant of that previous civilization, not yet technotronic, and the presence of “trade unions” and contracts (at that time!) suggests that before us there were more powerful civilizations that used seasonal winds. By the way, the Piri Rice map confirmation of this. In fact, where did such a large number of professional sailors come from? Anyone interested should try to remember the names of the different masts, yards, and rigging.) but this is a distraction from the topic, sorry..
so the cabin boy is on the ship, why? Why? After all, this is a rather harsh place.
To get roughly closer to solving the presence of a handsome young man on the ship, we need to consider the male team. For example, in prison, in the army, or on a ship. How is the team of men different? The absence of women... it’s clear why they are needed... according to the physiology of both men and women, sexual release is needed, as well as training of certain organs. As they say for health - once a week. (in practice, wise doctors recommend communicating with a woman in a certain way three times a week). It is clear that there are no women in the men's team, and therefore they find replacements. in prison everything is clear and known about it; they use male prostitutes (willing or involuntary). but what to do on the ship?
By the way, many authors avoid this issue (or translators). They mention turtles, penguins...
One of my acquaintances said in this regard that the refusal to eat pork in late Islam is connected precisely with the preliminary use of the pig not as a meat product, but to relieve tension in certain organs.
By the way, in the east there was an “institute” of batchaniyatswa (bacha-boy for sexual intercourse), which is logical in a purely male society. and even during the “civil” war, the Red Asians were doing this with might and main in mosques.
Here we come to the mystery of the yunk’s presence on the ship.
one wonders why it is needed? as a man he is not yet strong, the role of bring it up can be perfectly performed by a steward cook or whoever they have.
The whole point is that the sailor relieved sexual tension in various ways: with the help of “dunka kulakova”, or forced cohabitation. (by the way, the remark described this in the book “All Quiet on the Western Front” (War of 1914), there cases of homosexuality were noted in prisoner of war camps. And since the males have not changed, it is fair to say that this happened before.
The sailors are trash, but the captain and his assistants are pure nobles... and it was precisely for their satisfaction that the cute errand boy served.
(I think here in most cases everything was on a “voluntary” basis. After all, judging by the novels, romantics dreamed of the sea and the courageous captain was the authority. Then it’s simpler... either the captain and his assistants or the sailors. This is the harsh reality of those times.
and of course everything is beautifully presented, love for the sea, there, the opportunity to become a captain (isn’t that a nobleman?). Of course, the sea is more romantic than a permanent farmyard or plantation. and numerous storytellers missed this hmmm intimate detail... (where do you go from the ship to the sea?)
What is the conclusion of this whole fable? This is not an ode to homosexuality, but a normal logical conjecture (what a good old Russian word, the meaning is immediately visible). To put it simply, it is always worth seeing behind the beautiful external facade the rotten decoration inside.
Reviews
You are stupid and uncouth as an anchor.
Naturally, homosexuality was developed in all male communities for a long time deprived of female affection.
Therefore, the ancients did not consider this a sin.
And suddenly you are with sailboats...
Sailboats have not sailed autonomously for as long as nuclear submarines, and please note that if the sailors of the American fleet fucked half the world, then our truly public morals fucked the mattress.
There are few problems for men at sea, and you can’t go to the port to have fun in a brothel.
It was our Ministry of Health that should have made rubber women with Tereshkova’s appearance...
But no...
Only a resolution of the party and government...
And cosmonauts are on combat duty for six months?
The USSR conducted experiments on living people and avoided answering...
There are no devilish or angelic logics and there cannot be.
It's just logic, comrade barman...
I gave you a test to test your horizons...
Kurochkin Dmitry Vasilievich
A significant event took place in Arkhangelsk school No. 32 - more than a hundred primary school students were solemnly accepted into the “jungashi”. This holiday was preceded by many years of painstaking work, in which a variety of organizations and people took an active part. The program "Solovetsky cabin boys", within the framework of which this event took place, was born in the year of the 65th anniversary of the founding of the cabin boys school on the Solovetsky Islands...
At the celebration, it was the veterans who were the most honored guests. Without hiding their tears, they proudly and excitedly handed over the Memory Watch to schoolchildren, those boys and girls in whose hands the future of the Russian Navy lies. Addressing children and adults, former Northern Fleet cabin boy Dmitry Kurochkin said:
- Today I remembered us, fifteen-year-old boys, in those distant years. We lost loved ones, and our Solovetsky school became our home, and our comrades and teachers became our family. The war spared neither adults nor children. But we gave our youth, our lives for you. May you never know the pain of loss. During the war, I served as a mechanic on torpedo boats. First in the Baltic Fleet, then in the North in the Polar. He completed his sea career on civilian ships. But I still have bright memories of studying at the school as a young man. We wish you seven feet under the keel on a peaceful sea. We wish you health, success in your studies, and remember that from today you are cabin boys of the Northern Fleet! And this title means a lot, obliges us to a lot. We hope that you will not let us down and continue our traditions...
Kurochkin, Dmitry Vasilievich (former player of the Vodnik team, Solovetsky cabin boy, participant in the Great Patriotic War; 1927 - 12/31/2009).
Lazarchuk Konstantin Petrovich
These words from a once popular song have a special meaning for Konstantin Petrovich Lazarchuk. They are about his youth, scorched by two (!) wars. First - the Great Patriotic War, then - the war with Japan. And the Belarusian began to serve... together with the famous Soviet writer Valentin Pikul. However, first things first.
School on the Solovetsky Islands
In 1928, Konstantin Lazarchuk’s parents left their native Belarus for Stalingrad to build a tractor factory. He graduated from school there and began studying at a vocational school to become an electrician. Upon completion, he was sent to the factory to repair T-34 tanks. And in between shifts, he knocked on the thresholds of the military registration and enlistment office, asking to go to the front. “Where, he’s too young,” they sent him away.
And so in May 1942, the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov signed an order to create a school for cabin boys with a deployment on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea. They recruited Komsomol members aged 15-16 years. True, Pikul indicates in his biography that he entered school at the age of 14 - perhaps he added a year to himself when completing the documents.
In June 1942, Konstantin Lazarchuk was also enrolled in the cabin school. They were sent by steamship along the Volga to Yaroslavl, from there by train to Arkhangelsk and again by steamship to the Solovetsky Islands. Guys from different cities of the country came here - Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Arkhangelsk and many others. Classes began on September 1st. The training of young boys was in various specialties and lasted a year. Konstantin Petrovich trained as a torpedo electrician.
Every morning, when they came to class, the children sang their favorite song, written by one of the students, Alexander Satosov:
"We, the cabin boys of the fleet, are as strong as armor!
For the honor of the people we will go into the fire.
We will take revenge on the fascist beasts,
We believe in victory and we will win!”
In their free time from studying, the children built dugouts for housing. This was not an easy task, because the soil there was like stone. There was no equipment, everything was done by hand - they uprooted stumps, hammered the ground with crowbars and picks, moved huge boulders, felled forest. Here, at a construction site, Konstantin Petrovich met the future writer Valentin Pikul. The veteran recalls that he was a simple, sincere guy. And even after the war, at meetings on the occasion of the anniversaries of the school, the then already famous writer throughout the Union behaved in a friendly manner. When on July 20, 1990, Konstantin Petrovich read in Izvestia about the death of Valentin Pikul, he was upset to the core. He still has this yellowed clipping...
Torpedo for the enemy
Konstantin Lazarchuk served as a cabin boy on the Tbilisi leader for two years, performing combat missions in the Pacific Ocean. During the war with Japan, he served on the destroyer "Rastoropny".
He took part in the liberation of Southern Sakhalin, the port of Otomari, the Kuril Islands, North Korea, and the ports of Yuki and Paramushiri. The crew's tasks included landing troops, laying mines, and shelling the enemy's shore. It happened that, having landed troops and returning to base, their destroyer discovered enemy ships. From the command bridge, data on the location of the target was received by Konstantin Lazarchuk, who transmitted it to the torpedo tubes through special devices. And torpedoing was carried out. In this way, many enemy ships were destroyed - both military and transport, carrying food and other things to the enemy.
Thanks to the actions of the teams in which Lazarchuk served, significant damage was caused to the enemies. Their ship also found itself in dangerous situations. They came under aviation fire and returned fire from the enemy shore, but, fortunately, they did not suffer serious losses.
Konstantin Petrovich knew his duties as a torpedo electrician well, never making a miscalculation in his work. In military conditions this is worth a lot. “It used to be that we were preparing a landing force to land on the shore, and I saw that some of them didn’t even know how to handle a machine gun. I think if they gave it to me better, I would go. But it’s impossible, everyone on the ship has their own responsibilities,” the veteran recalls.
Konstantin Petrovich served in the navy for 8 years. They advised him: go study to be an officer and continue serving. But in 1950, he decided it was time to go home to Belarus. And he returned to his native Minsk, where he lives to this day.
The veteran has awards all over his chest. He considers the most valuable of them to be the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree, the medals of Ushakov, Nakhimov, “For the Defense of the Soviet Arctic,” “For Victory over Germany,” and “For Victory over Japan.” On May 9, he called and congratulated the former cabin boys with whom he once learned the basics of marine science. By the way, there are literally only a few such veterans in Belarus. And then, putting on a sailor suit with awards, he went to the city for a holiday. On days like this, people always come up to him, asking him to take a photo together and tell him about what he experienced during the war. And he is ready for such meetings. For the sake of those who did not live to see the Great Victory, who gave their young lives for it. For a peaceful future. For your sake...
Laptev Valentin Alexandrovich
Hurry to the front!
“How to add a year or two…” thought Valentin Laptev, a student at a vocational communications school, when the Great Patriotic War began. He wanted to go to the front, where his father and brother were. But even two added years did not solve the problem: only 14 years.
Then, with friends from the school, I decided to create a group to carry out special tasks for the front. They trusted the boys to make fuses for grenades. When the boys brought five thousand fuses ready to hand over, the experienced workers at the Engine of the Revolution plant were surprised: “It can’t be! Where did you get them?
The work was in full swing, but the dream of the front did not leave me. And suddenly they heard that recruitment had begun for the school of cabin boys. “Only at sea!” - Valentin decided. But what a sea with his vision - minus two... He passed the medical examination together with a friend, deceiving the doctors.
And finally, the train to Arkhangelsk.
“Whoever feels that he is weak in spirit and body - take a step forward. Hard labor conditions await you,” the commanders warned before departure. Some boys took this step, but most stood firm in the ranks. After all, it’s even harder for fathers at the front.
The sea begins in the dugout
In June 1943, among 360 Gorky boys, Valentin Laptev found himself in the Solovetsky school of cabin boys, created by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov.
The commanders said that they would be trained in the specialties of radio operator, mechanic, helmsman, artillery observer, and boatswain. They gave out the form. The boys, and most of the cabin boys were 16 years old, tried on their vests with pleasure. They lived in dugouts. Eight hours a day - theory in the specialty and the boring mathematics and physics at school, then practice, and at night every now and then getting up on combat alert, so that the service does not seem like honey.
The shift supervisor raised the alarm several times during the night. - Valentin Laptev recalls, - He was so tired that the boys once put a box of ants in his bed, and then they tied the sleeping man to the bed and took him to drown him in an ice hole. “Brothers, I won’t do it again!” - shouted. Of course, we didn’t intend to drown it.
Some could not stand the conditions of study and asked to go home. There was no smell of maritime romance in the damp dugouts. The most hardened and persistent remained.
“The time in the bathhouse was thirty minutes,” says Valentin Aleksandrovich. - It was necessary not only to wash in half an hour, but also to wash the linen and vest. For twenty-five people - seventeen gangs, one tap, and a hose with steam. You soap your head with one hand, and with the other you hold on to the gang so that they don’t take you away. Where to dry? They pulled damp vests over each other and let them dry. We walk in formation, every now and then commands: “Get down!” Run! Air! Start singing!”
Telegram from Stalin
Young boys received eight rubles as a salary. There was nowhere to spend the money except to pay 20 kopecks in Komsomol dues. The entire school donated salaries for the construction of a torpedo boat. One day the entire Solovetsky school of cabin boys was built. The commander proudly read out a welcoming telegram from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Stalin thanked the boys for transferring 160 thousand rubles in money and 40 thousand rubles in bonds. The school will have its own personalized boat,” the Supreme Commander promised.
And again for lunch, soup from boring cod and pearl barley.
Valentin Laptev still carries a photograph of Stalin with him. She was with him throughout the war, close to his heart, along with his Komsomol card.
“The whole fleet was jealous of us!”
After ten months of study, Valentin Laptev ended up, as he wanted, in the Northern Fleet, as a mechanic in a torpedo boat brigade. The American Higgins boats have just received Lend-Lease. Crew - 12 people. Two torpedo tubes. Speed - 40 knots per hour, three powerful engines. But the thickness of the armor is only 17 millimeters, and the deck is made of plywood.
“The whole fleet envied us,” says Valentin Laptev. - We attack when we want, we leave when we want. We weren't afraid of big ships, only airplanes. It happened that after raids there were up to two hundred holes on the deck. We were dressed warmly: woolen underwear, Canadian uniforms and a waterproof leader suit on top, only the nose and eyes out. But the boat kept flooding during the trip, and the superstructures were covered with ice. There was a case when a sailor was washed out to sea along with a cannon.
The boats went to sea for a month, escorted convoys, and hunted for enemy transports. The boat on which Valentin Laptev served accounted for four sunk enemy ships. Once the brigade sank fourteen transports from a fascist convoy.
To be continued.
Address to graduates of Nakhimov schools. Dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the formation of the Nakhimov School, the 60th anniversary of the first graduates of the Tbilisi, Riga and Leningrad Nakhimov Schools.
Please do not forget to inform your classmates about the existence of our blog dedicated to the history of the Nakhimov schools and about the appearance of new publications.
But the cabin boys were able to receive the status and benefits of war participants only in the early 1990s.
Young from the German junge - a boy, a teenager, acting as a sailor, studying seamanship. Even in the era of the sailing fleet, English admirals and commanders were allowed to have cleaners and messengers, in which boys 9-10 years old were taken on ships. Many of them remained to serve in the navy for the rest of their lives.
The famous navigator James Cook also began his career as a cabin boy. In Russia, even under Peter I, a school for young boys was opened in Kronstadt.
After 1917, the boys were closed off from joining the navy and were offered to receive education on shore.
In 1940, a boatswain school for boys aged 16-17 was created on the island of Valaam. Order No. 300 of the People's Commissariat of Fleet of October 16, 1942 allowed even children to work on ships. Boys aged 10-11 began to go on voyages on merchant and warships.
Yoongi of fire flights
The fact is that from the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, experienced captains, navigators, and ship mechanics began to be sent to the front. There was no one to put at the helms of sea vessels. At the beginning of 1942, sailors began to be recalled from the fronts and returned to ships, but still there were not enough specialists.
During the war years, more than 3 thousand children became cabin boys. At the school of cabin boys on Solovki, which Valentin Pikul wrote about in the story “Boys with Bows,” children were taught maritime and military science for several months, and then sent to warships.
There were five schools for cabin boys in the Far East, but most teenagers were immediately enrolled in crews, training during voyages. To enroll in the Jung school, a recommendation from two party members, a medical examination and parental consent were required.
They even took girls to sea, despite the signs. Elizaveta Safronova from Vladivostok went on her first voyage to Kamchatka at the age of 15.
The refrigerator on which she worked as an orderly went to Kamchatka and the USA. In the "abroad" cabin boys received a salary in foreign currency of $5 per month.
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I couldn’t grab the thrown rope because I didn’t have the strength. I didn’t see anything because my face was covered with an ice crust. They tried to hook me with hooks, but the hooks slid along my pea coat, which had become a shell from the water and cold. Then a sailor from the minesweeper rushed into the water and pulled me out. Anatoly Shlyapnikov, former cabin boy (pictured left) |
My grandfather, who served as a radio operator on a Liberty, said that for $12 you could buy a bag of flour, vegetable oil and stewed meat - enough to feed a family for two months.
756 young men left Primorye for the fleet. In the Pacific Ocean, during the war years, 25 civilian supply ships were destroyed by explosions of underwater bombs, torpedoes and aircraft bombing.
Among the 400 sailors who did not return to their home shore, there were 23 cabin boys. The heaviest loss was the sinking of the motor ship "Belorussia" on March 3, 1944, when 48 sailors died, of which 15 were cabin boys.
At the age of 12, Anatoly Shlyapnikov was awarded the Order of the Red Star for saving a comrade. The motor ship "Sergei Kirov" was torpedoed on October 1, 1943 in the Kara Sea.
Anatoly was thrown overboard by the blast wave. He grabbed the board and at the same time helped the head of the radio station, Avdey Shinkarev, stay afloat. They spent more than an hour in the water before a minesweeper picked them up.
“I couldn’t grab the abandoned cable because I didn’t have the strength. I didn’t see anything because my face was covered with an ice crust. They tried to hook me with hooks, but the hooks slid along the peacoat, which had become a shell from the water and cold. Then the sailor from the minesweeper rushed into water and pulled me out. On the minesweeper they put me near the boilers to warm up,” recalls Anatoly Shlyapnikov.During the Soviet years, the ships of the Far Eastern Shipping Company bore the names of the cabin boys who died in the war - Spartak Ganzyuk, Maya Bystryakova, Ruslan Utkin and German Lopakov.
After the war
Even after the end of the war, flights did not become calm. Former merchant ships began to transport Soviet prisoners and Japanese prisoners, who sometimes staged riots and provocations. There were cases when prisoners taken to Kolyma set fire to the holds, killed and dismembered their cellmates.
Vyacheslav Lesnov was a cabin boy on the Vanzetti steamship when more than 3 thousand Japanese prisoners of war, led by General Tanaka, boarded. They were delivered from Sakhalin to Nakhodka. While passing through the La Perouse Strait, the Japanese rebelled, demanding to land them in their homeland.
All sailors were issued PPSh machine guns, and hundreds of escorts had personal weapons and eight machine guns. “The Japanese, having broken the bulkheads, had already emerged from the holds onto the deck, Captain Rudoy gave the command to open fire to kill. And only the intervention of General Tanaka calmed the Japanese and they were all taken alive to Nakhodka,” recalls Vyacheslav Lesnov.
The last cabin boys
After the war, there were fewer and fewer cabin boys. The last cabin boy served in the Pacific Fleet in 1998.
Left without parents, 12-year-old Sergei was homeless for almost a year, spent the night at train stations, and earned food by unloading cars.
At the Marine Station, one of the officers of the large anti-submarine ship Marshal Shaposhnikov noticed him and brought him on board. The sailors fed the guy, he spent several days on the ship, then he was placed in an orphanage.
But he always spent two days a week on board. He was put on allowance, Sergei helped maintain the radar station, participated in the life of the ship, but did not stand watch. Then he entered a military school and his traces were lost.
Under Soviet rule, any teenager in Vladivostok could become a cabin boy; several dozen maritime clubs operated in the city. Now only Flotilla Vostok and the cabin boys club in the House of Pioneers remain. The Varyag children's flotilla, where they taught children the basics of marine science for more than 30 years, recently lost its premises.
Service on ships is now out of the question. Teenagers dreaming of sea romance can now only master tying sea knots, sea semaphore and rowing on yawls.
Solovetsky school of cabin boys of the USSR Navy
You were not crushed by the fire whirlwinds,
You didn’t live your life in vain.
Yoongi, yoongi - fighting friends,
Where do your anchors hold you now?
“We learned our first love later than our first wound in battle...”
YUNGA- a student, a teenager on a ship, preparing to become a sailor and studying maritime affairs.
Teenagers in salted vests, with a swaying gait and the demeanor of experienced men... Cabin boys are a kind of symbol of the eternity and inviolability of naval traditions. 
If there is a boy who is ready not to leave the burning deck, then there will be a fleet!
The article will talk about Solovetsky school young, the history of this institution, its creation, graduates and memory.
Pupils of the Petrov Youngs appeared in Russia almost simultaneously with the fleet - in 1707, Peter the Great created the first school in the country where young people were trained to become sailors. This school operated in Kronstadt, but not for long.
This Decree on the creation of a school of young boys marked the beginning of the systematic training of specialists for the Russian fleet. The young men studied the Russian language, the law of God, geography, physics, engineering, drill, and physical education. This school trained miners, artillerymen, machinists, helmsmen, and signalmen.
Among those who graduated from the Kronstadt school of young men after 1912 were the future admiral, Hero of the Soviet UnionIvan Stepanovich Yumashev(1914 year of release) and the future Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy Gordey Ivanovich Levchenko.
Then there was a similar school at the Navigation School, and in 1912 an attempt was made to restore the Kronstadt institution.
The reason for the establishment of such schools (by the way, for a long time the name was written in violation of the norms of Russian grammar - “school of cabin boys”, since the term “cabin boy” itself is of Dutch origin) is the need to provide future sailors with professional training. A sailor needed to know and be able to do much more than a soldier, and preparing good sailors from recruits or conscripts was not easy - it took a lot of time.
The Soviet government also understood this, and in 1940 they created their own school of young men on the island of Valaam. But her students did not have time to receive good training - the war did not wait for them.
What is the role of the Solovetsky school of young people? We'll talk about this later.
Comrades to replace
Almost all of the Valaam cabin boys died (out of 200 people, no more than a dozen survived), fighting for the so-called “Neva Piglet”.
They proved themselves to be patriots and heroes, but they did not fulfill their main purpose - they could not become a personnel reserve for the fleet. And the problem grew rapidly - in the first war years, experienced sailors died en masse, and it was impossible to replace them with conscripts from remote areas where they had never seen the sea. Poorly educated candidates were also not suitable - they were not able to cope with fairly complex ship technology.
Reservists who had previously served were sent to the ships, but they also managed to forget a lot, and the equipment did not stand still. The conscripts, many of whom were already well over thirty, could not be considered full-fledged professional sailors. There is an urgent need to create a new school to train sailors who could serve in war conditions and cope with ship equipment. Admiral's decree on the creation of a school. The corresponding decision was made by the People's Commissar of the USSR Navy, Admiral Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov.
It is in his honor that the now very famous Russian aircraft carrier, which recently carried out a voyage to the Syrian shores, is named.
In May 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of the USSR Navy, Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov, a school for cabin boys of the Northern Fleet was created on the Solovetsky Islands, formed from 14-16-year-old Komsomol boys. The Youngs were the youngest professionally trained participants in the war, who, in dangerous years, together with adults, took up arms in their hands to defend their native country.
In May 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov, a Special School of Navy Young Boys was created at the Training Detachment of the Northern Fleet with a deployment to Solovetsky Islands.
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky Monastery
The training detachment of the Northern Fleet (UO SF), which arose in 1940, now consisted of five schools: Electromechanical, Weapons School, Communications School, United School and Navy Young School. The latter acted in accordance with all the standards of the Northern Fleet Educational Institution, the cabin boys took the oath. At first this unit was called the “Jung School of the Navy”, later - the “School of Jung of the Northern Fleet”.
15-16 year old volunteer boys with a 6-7 grade education were selected as cabin boys. But, eager to fight, some boys corrected their documents in order to start studying earlier. 
In order not to cause unauthorized trips of young people to the fleets, it was decided not to make a wide announcement about recruitment to the School of Young Girls. However, city and district Komsomol committees were attacked by thousands of boys wishing to study as young boys. Military children and children from orphanages enjoyed some advantage. Some of the boys had already fought in partisan detachments, while others were “sons of the regiment.”
The training lasted about a year. From the moment of enrollment in the School, the cabin boy was fully subject to the “Disciplinary Charter of the Navy”.
Upon arrival at Solovki in 1942, the cabin boys were sent in Savvatyevo (a monastic hermitage located 14 km from the Kremlin).
But when, a few months later, the insufficient economic security of the School in Savvatyevo became apparent, some of the cabin boys were redeployed to the Kremlin. As a result, the Jung School was geographically divided into two parts.
In Savvatyevo, the young men encountered a dilapidated church building, a stone building and a former wooden hotel, previously intended for pilgrims. These buildings were allocated for educational buildings. The Young were placed in tents, and they immediately began building dugouts. The boys had to dig the ground, uproot stumps, move boulders, fell wood and carry logs on their shoulders. By November 1942, construction work was completed, and the first set of cabin boys began their studies. The classes took place in the former monastic cells, converted into classrooms, and even dugouts.
The school in Savvatyevo consisted of three parts. In the monastery itself there was a residential building for the School teachers and their families, educational buildings with 42 classrooms, a small bathhouse (still a monastery building), a laundry and a club. At a distance of 1-2 km, along the shores of lakes and slopes of hills, in the forest, there are residential dugouts with a capacity of 52 people each.
This was not just a school for cabin boys, but a real military unit. Simply the youngest in age. The residential town of teenagers was located not far from Savvatyevo, on the shore of a forest lake, where the cabin boys of the first set themselves built several dozen large dugouts. 
To dig a dugout, the guys had to uproot stumps and stones from the hard ground. It was November and the ground was already frozen. Huge boulders were rolled over. If they couldn’t roll it, they heated it, doused it with cold water, and hit it until it cracked. They worked without gloves, tore their hands until they bled, shed tears, but they dug. We were in a hurry because it is impossible to live in tents in the winter in the north. The youngsters still had to renovate the old building in Savvatyevo for the educational part, build a canteen and a club. At the end of November we finally moved from the tents to new housing. Each dugout had a stove and 50 bunks in three tiers. The morning of the Solovetsky cabin boy began at 6 o'clock in the morning. The rise took place according to a general command. The yoongi quickly got dressed and ran out to the general formation. Morning exercises began immediately, which ended with cross-country. Then the cabin boys returned to the town, washed themselves, made the beds, and tidied up their quarters. The dugouts were called kubricks because the cabin boys served in the Northern Fleet.
At 8 o'clock in the morning all the cabin boys had breakfast. There were 6 people sitting at each table. For breakfast they gave soybean or oatmeal porridge, bread, compote. Everyone was required to drink a decoction of pine needles. It was bitter, but very healthy, it had a lot of vitamins. From 8 a.m. to 1 p.m., the cabin boys went to training sessions. The main educational buildings of the Jung School were located in Savvatyevo, 1.5 kilometers from the Jung residential camp. In classes they studied general education subjects: Russian language, mathematics, chemistry, physics, history and literature. There were often not enough pencils and paper, and there was only one textbook for the whole class. In addition to basic school subjects, the cabin boys took classes in their specialty. The cabin boys had different specialties. They were trained as radio operators, boatswains, electromechanics, and mechanics. One of the important items was drill Preparation.
True, the 1st cohort of the “School of Young Boys” was not involved in this; they were busy building dugouts. We studied separately cypher boys, who lived separately in a large building on Lake Varyazhskoye, without even knowing the names of other students. This part of the history of the Solovetsky cabin boys was kept secret for a long time after the war.
At 13 o'clock the cabin boys left for lunch. For the first course, they most often gave pea soup or cod fish soup, for the second - porridge. Compote and decoction of pine needles were mandatory. Practical classes were held from 2 to 4 p.m. The youngsters studied maritime affairs - they learned to tie knots, studied maritime signals and flags, and the flag alphabet. Special boat bases were built on the lakes, where cabin boys went on boats, sailed and oared. Instead of regular physical training, the boys had combat training: they were taught hand-to-hand combat techniques and grenade throwing. They also studied small arms: they assembled and disassembled a machine gun, a machine gun, and a pistol.
Tactical training also took place, for which special training trenches and dugouts were dug. They also acquired skills in chemical protection and sanitation. From 16 to 17 o'clock the cabin boy had free time. At this time, they wrote letters to their relatives, read, and rested. From 5 p.m. to 7 p.m., the cabin boys were engaged in social work—cleaning areas and doing various jobs.
At the same time, those who were not busy at work were engaged in self-training. At 18.45, those who were busy in outfits (orderlies, kitchen outfit) went to build and distribute outfits. The outfits were carried in turns; those who were guilty could receive the outfit “out of turn.” At 19:00 everyone had dinner. For dinner there was usually salted herring and potatoes, and again a decoction of pine needles. After dinner, those who were assigned to squads and outposts went to work. From 20 to 22.30 all cabin boys had free time, and at 22.30 the evening roll call began, followed by washing and lights out. They carefully folded their clothes next to the bunks, because there was practically no other furniture in the dugouts. The cabin boys' clothes themselves - the robe - were not always the right size, often worn, inherited from senior cadets, or altered from bags. An overcoat was issued for the winter. After lights out, the cabin boys quickly fell asleep. At night, at any moment, they could announce a training (and sometimes there were combat) alarm or a rise in combat readiness. And tomorrow at 6 am the next busy, difficult, but very interesting day will begin.
Half a kilometer from Savvatyevo there was a canteen with 500 seats, a galley, a bakery and a sanitary unit. The placement of cabin boys was carried out depending on the specialty they received. The school trained boatswains, helmsmen, radio operators, artillery electricians, mechanics, etc. 
Young men of all specialties, in addition to theoretical training, underwent practical training in naval affairs: they learned to swim and rescue drowning people, provide first aid, went to sea on boats under sail and oars. Such exits were very popular among the young girls.
During his studies at the School, a salary of 8 rubles was established for each cabin boy. 50 kopecks per month, but all this money, as well as the savings of the School’s teachers, was transferred to the defense fund. In 1943, cabin boys, commanders and teachers raised money for a warship. They sent a telegram addressed to Stalin with a request to build a boat, which was done: torpedo boat "Junga" participated in the battles on the Black Sea.
Stalin responded to the cabin boys with a telegram of gratitude, which is now on display in the Solovetsky Museum dedicated to the Jung School.
At the end of their studies, the cabin boys took final exams and were assigned to further service on Navy ships.
Before leaving for their places of service, the boys took an oath: “Motherland! Great Soviet power! On the day of departure to warships, we swear to you our oath: we swear to justify the trust placed in us with dignity and honor, to multiply the combat traditions of Soviet sailors, to preserve and protect the honor of the Navy Jung School. We swear to give all our strength, to give our lives, if necessary, for the freedom and independence of our Motherland. We swear until the complete defeat and destruction of the enemy to know no rest and peace, to be in the forefront of courageous and brave Soviet sailors. If my will weakens, if I let my comrades down, if cowardice befalls me in battle, then let them despise me for centuries, let the harsh law of the Motherland punish me!”
After training, the cabin boys were entitled to a month's leave. According to the memoirs of cabin boy L.V. Zykov, when the command’s request was read to them for those wishing to immediately go to the active fleet, at the command “Step forward, those who wish!” — the whole battalion stepped forward.
Solovetsky cabin boys fought on ships of the Northern, Baltic, Black Sea, and Pacific fleets, as well as on the Amur, White Sea, Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Caspian and Onega flotillas.
There were many real heroes among them. Not all cabin boys returned from sea battles.
For three issues in 1942-1944. The Solovetsky school of cabin boys trained 4,111 radio operators, helmsmen, boatswains, mechanics, and electricians.
Every fourth graduate of the Solovetsky school of young boys died in the battles for the Motherland.
The institution was supposed to train sailors in the most important specialties for wartime: radio operators, signalmen, helmsmen, electricians, mechanics, mechanics, as well as naval boatswains.
Solovki was convenient for several reasons - it was close to the combat zone, and relatively safe, and there was some technical base, and the former monastery premises were easy to adapt for classrooms and barracks. The academic year was planned to begin on September 1 - thus, there was time left for conducting an introductory campaign and drawing up lesson programs. Only volunteers were to be recruited through the Komsomol organization. However, Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov specifically indicated in his order that non-Komsomol members could become cadets. 
Violators of the Geneva Convention
It must be said that many candidates for cabin boys perceived this admiral’s clarification in a peculiar way. Although the school officially recruited teenagers of 15-16 years old, almost immediately, by hook or by crook, cadets appeared there who had clearly not reached Komsomol age. During the war, there were many cases of lost or damaged documents, and it was not always possible to verify the data. The youngest Solovetsky cabin boy at the time of entering his studies was only... 11 years old! Yes, the recruitment of 15-year-old boys as cabin boys (and after a year they had to go to serve!) clearly contradicted the norms of the humanitarian Geneva Convention, which prohibited the use of persons under 18 years of age in regular military service. 
But these actions were fully consistent with the moral standards and patriotic sentiments of wartime Soviet youth. Soviet boys knew for sure: a fascist must be beaten until he is completely exterminated! But most of them had no idea and did not want to know about the existence of the Geneva Convention. Those children of the USSR who changed their year of birth from 1925 to 1923 in their new passports in order to get to the front faster, or at the age of 11 swore that they were already 15, were distinguished by the main quality of a well-bred child - the desire to become adults as soon as possible. And they understood growing up correctly - as responsibility, work and duty. 
Fierce competition
And there were a lot of such young people in the USSR! The former cabin boys themselves said that, for example, in Moscow, when 500 places were allocated for the first intake, 3,500 applications were submitted within a few days.
However, they chose strictly. It is a mistake to believe that only street children were sent to Suvorov schools or the cabin school during the war. They did the same, but only with those vagabond children who definitely had not stained themselves with crimes. More often, candidates were young workers, former small partisans and sons of regiments, as well as children of fallen servicemen. 
friends of the same age
They had to have at least 6 years of education (some cunning people managed to bypass this norm) and good health (here it was more difficult - the medical boards “turned down” many). They studied from 9 to 11 months, very intensively, and the program included not only specialty disciplines, but also the Russian language, mathematics, and natural sciences. They even set up a dance school in the best traditions of the Russian navy (with a hint that the cabin boys would grow into captains - the ability to dance was considered mandatory for a “proper” naval officer). 
Trained young men became a truly valuable personnel reserve. 
Unrecognized veterans of the Jung school
The Solovetsky School of Shipping Officers of the Navy produced 5 graduates (3 during the war, and 2 after its completion - these graduates were mainly sent to minesweepers, clear the seas of mines).
Later the school was transferred to Kronstadt, and the Solovetsky cabin boys ended - Kronstadt cabin boys appeared. During the war, the school of Solovetsky cabin boys graduated 4,111 people who then served in all fleets (distributed strictly, due to necessity). Almost 1000 young men did not return home, giving their lives to defend the Motherland. Most of them were radio operators, but there are a lot of engine mechanics and artillery electricians. There were helmsmen signalmen and representatives of other maritime specialties.
Rattiere lesson
occupation of radio operators
Often on ships, graduates of the Solovetsky school of cabin boys turned out to be perhaps the most educated and trained members of the crew (tension with personnel remained until the end of the war). In these cases, a paradoxical situation developed - 16-17-year-old boys found themselves in the role of mentors and leaders of 40-year-old uncles. Of course, they did not forget to remind the cabin boys about subordination, but they still studied conscientiously. However, the older conscripts still well remembered the campaign to eliminate adult illiteracy, when 10-year-old pioneers also acted as teachers for their grandparents. So the Soviet sailors understood well: young does not mean knowledgeable. They were not rewarded very willingly, but they were rewarded. Solovetsky graduate V. Moiseenko received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1945. Sasha Kovalev (he was not even Alexander yet - Sasha!) had the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War; many were awarded medals. But things didn’t work out with post-war recognition. Until 1985, Solovetsky cabin boys were not even considered participants in the Great Patriotic War! There was a deliberate concealment of the fact that they took the military oath (perhaps the same Geneva Convention, from which fifteen-year-old captains had to be hidden, was to blame). And only the persistence of Marshal Akhromeyev made it possible to correct the injustice.
cabin boy Boris Kuleshin 
Young boys - participants in the war, from left to right: Grisha Mikhailov - captured a fascist staff officer during the liberation of Kharkov, Kostya Gavrishin - cabin boy on a minesweeper, wounded in the head, drowned, saved the flag of the ship, Vova Fedorov - partisan near Smolensk from the age of 12, Petya Parov, Sasha Starichkov - fought on three fronts, was a liaison officer for the regiment commander, Kolya Senchugov - cleared a minefield.
But the memory was preserved without regard to bureaucratic red tape. Already in 1972 (the 30th anniversary of the school), the first monuments to the boys from Solovki began to appear, and the congress of former cabin boys became traditional.
A diverse brotherhood
It is noteworthy that among the cabin boys who survived the war, there were a lot of multi-talented people who achieved a lot in a variety of specialties. V. Korobov, Yu. Pandorin and N. Usenko spent their entire lives connected with the fleet, rising to the ranks of admiral, rear admiral and captain 2nd rank, respectively. These three sailors, after the war, under different circumstances, received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Four more former graduates were awarded the stars of Heroes of Socialist Labor. I.K. Peretrukhin chose military service in another area - he became a counterintelligence officer. Those cabin boys who decided to change their uniform with a visor to a civilian suit also performed well. B. T. Shtokolov earned the title of People's Artist of the USSR - he was a famous opera singer and performer of bass parts. V.V. Leonov starred in several dozen films; in addition, he was a bard, an amateur performer of his own songs. G. N. Matyushin fought for the preservation of the history of his native country as decisively as he defended it from the enemy - the archaeological scientist received the title of academician. V. G. Guzanov wrote scripts for films and books; he also did a lot to establish cultural Russian-Japanese ties, and was a recognized specialist in Japanese studies. Some of his books are written in Japanese. But the most widely known was one of the particularly malicious violators of the Geneva Convention. Valentin Savich Pikul upon entering the Solovetsky school, he credited himself with a year.
He had the opportunity to serve in combat, but fate was favorable - the young sailor survived. And later V.S. Pikul became famous as perhaps the most famous Soviet and Russian writer specializing in historical novels. Soviet readers (generally spoiled by good literature) stood in line for his books and retyped them for themselves on typewriters. At the same time, almost half of Pikul’s novels are in one way or another related to marine themes..
A book about the Solovetsky school of young boys “Boys with bows” The writer did not forget his stormy youth on Solovki. He dedicated the novel “Boys with Bows” to his fellow cabin boys and their difficult fate. V. G. Guzanov also described the life of the Solovetsky school and the fate of its graduates in his works. If these works of former cabin boys are essentially autobiographical literature, then there is also popular literature, designed to convey to the youth of today the memory of the feat of their peers. An example is the collection “The Sea Calls the Brave.” It is noteworthy that it was published in Yaroslavl - where is Yaroslavl and where is Solovki! The history of the Solovetsky school of cabin boys was also reflected in Soviet cinema - the film “Judges of the Northern Fleet” was made on its basis.
Memory in stone of the famous school
This reliable material also worthily preserves the feat of young heroes in vests. The very first monument appeared on Solovki in honor of the 30th anniversary of the school. It was built by the former cabin boys themselves, on their own and at their own expense. Later, after the Solovetsky boys were officially recognized as veterans of the Great Patriotic War, both the authorities and wide circles of the public were involved in perpetuating their memory. In Moscow in 1995, the Solovetsky Yung Square appeared. In 1993, a monument to young sailors was erected on the Northern Dvina embankment, and in 2005 - on the square named in their honor (in both cases the author was the sculptor F. Sogayan). But the most interesting monument stands in the courtyard of one of the Moscow schools (now the Vertical gymnasium). It appeared in 1988, and the author of the project was also a Solovetsky graduate - artist E. N. Goryachev. The Moscow school also became famous for creating the country's first museum of Solovetsky cabin boys - with the help of the veterans themselves and the enthusiasm of teachers and students. It should be noted that the Komsomol also played a significant role in its organization - the communist youth union was engaged not only in propaganda, but also (to a greater extent) in moral and patriotic education. The museum appeared in 1983, and until 2012 it was led by Captain 1st Rank (retired) N.V. Osokin, a former Solovetsky cabin boy. “I never thought, comrades, that a museum would be opened about the cabin boys,” wrote the bard V.V. Leonov on this occasion. His poems became the motto of this unique institution.
Happy anniversary, comrades!
In 2017, the Solovetsky Jung School celebrated its 75th anniversary. Celebrations on this occasion took place in Moscow, Arkhangelsk and, of course, on Solovki. In recent years, the fate of former cadets (13 of them now live in the Arkhangelsk region) and the Solovetsky school itself have become of great interest to Arkhangelsk and its leadership. The traditional anniversary meeting of the few remaining graduates took place in a solemn atmosphere. The regional leadership started talking about the need to create Museum and Memorial on Solovki.
Indeed, the Solovetsky Islands, where the school of cabin boys lived, should be ashamed that in this regard they lost primacy to Moscow. Moreover, the leadership of the currently operating Solovetsky Monastery treats the initiative to create a Jung Museum with understanding and support. For the sake of such a good cause, the monks agree to “move a little” and provide any assistance in scientific and organizational work.
And the school itself can also be revived. A proposal has been sent to the President of Russia to transfer some structures of the naval cadet corps to Solovki, so that heroic Solovetsky cabin boys will again serve on Russian ships. Who knows? Perhaps the history of the famous Solovetsky school of young boys has not yet ended... 
Combat exploits of a young man
The Solovetsky cabin boys fought heroically. Not all the exploits of the cabin boys and their participation in combat operations on ships are known today. There are probably new pages yet to be opened.
HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION MOISEENKO VLADIMIR GRIGORIEVICH
On August 9, 1945, the war with Japan began. Vladimir Moiseenko's baptism of fire took place on August 15, 1945. The frigate “EK-2” received an order to land marine troops in the port Seishin. During the landing, the paratroopers were noticed and Japanese artillerymen opened fire on the sailors. To help them, a detachment of sailors was sent from the frigate, which included among the volunteers Komsomol member Vladimir Moiseenko.
Every step to heights came with blood. Moiseenko and his comrades volunteered to penetrate behind enemy lines and destroy firing points. Moiseenko threw a bunch of grenades at the camouflaged dugout. And while the fire was raging, Volodya managed to change his position and throw grenades at two bunkers. During the night, significant Japanese forces launched furious attacks. A small detachment of sailors had difficulty holding them back. The ammunition ran out and the squad leader was wounded. Moiseenko took command. The Japanese began to surround the heights. It was at this moment that Volodya wrote his oath.
“I, a Red Navy Komsomol member, blew up two dugouts, killed 3 Japanese with a rifle, blew up an ammunition depot, and destroyed a machine-gun point. Now I'm at the top of the hill. I swear: I will die, but I will not surrender this height to the Japanese samurai. I will stand until the last drop of blood. I subscribe to this: Moiseenko Vladimir Grigorievich. Wrote and shot back on August 15, 1945.”
Volodya Moiseenko kept his oath. The height remained in our hands.
Soon our ships with the main landing forces arrived in Seishin. The operation was completed successfully. All participants in the military operation were awarded government awards, and 19-year-old Komsomol member V.G. Moiseenko, who especially distinguished himself in battle, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
KOVALYOV ALEXANDER NIKOLAEVICH
Solovetsky cabin boy Sasha Kovalev joined the North Sea formation of torpedo boats in 1944 and was assigned as a mechanic on the torpedo boat TKA-209.
In four months, Sasha participated in twenty military campaigns. For courage and courage he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Ushakov Medal. 
Commander of the torpedo boat brigade of the Northern Fleet A.V. Kuzmin presents the cabin boy Sasha Kovalev (Rabinovich) (01/04/1927 - 05/09/1944) with the Order of the Red Star
On May 8, 1944, torpedo boats TKA-209 and TKA-217, overcoming a solid wall of barrage fire, attacked an enemy convoy and sank two ships. But in a battle with enemy patrol boats, TKA-217 was damaged, caught fire and began to sink. Under machine-gun fire from the enemy, TKA-209 removed the crew from the sinking boat, developed full speed and went for a breakthrough, fighting off fascist boats and planes. At the height of the battle, a shell fragment on the boat pierced the engine manifold, from which hot water mixed with oil and gasoline flowed in a tight stream. Any minute now, an overheated engine could explode, and the stationary boat would become a good target for the enemy. To ensure the operation of the engine, Sasha covered the hole with his body and, overcoming the unbearable pain from the burn, held back the pressure of the hot mixture until motor mechanic Yu. Mylovsky arrived in time to help. The hole was repaired, the boat did not lose speed and escaped from the encirclement. The young sailor saved his boat and the lives of two crews. Sasha Kovalev was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, but the hero did not have time to receive the award.
On May 9, 1944, TKA-209, together with other boats, was transferred to the main base for repairs. During the passage on the boat, a gas tank exploded. Midshipman D. Kapralov and mechanic Sasha Kovalev were killed. 
DUDOROV IVAN VASILIEVICH
The second day passed when two “sea hunters” went on patrol. Around two o'clock in the morning the signalman MO-413 discovered enemy ships. The commander ordered to open fire, the Nazis also started shooting. Skillfully maneuvering, our boats acted boldly and decisively. Suddenly the boat tilted heavily. It was an enemy shell that exploded right on the side. A large fragment pierced the side and broke the fuel pipe of one of the main engines. A trickle of gasoline poured onto the heated engine. Flames flared up, threatening to explode. The fate of the boat and crew was now in the hands of the motorists; seconds decided everything. 
Choking from the acrid smoke, Ivan Dudorov entered into a duel with the fire. He grabbed asbestos mats and covered the burning gasoline with them. However, inexorable flames crawled along the edges of the mats, burning their hands. And then, neglecting the burns, the mechanic pressed the mats tightly against the engine with his body. Deprived of air flow, the fire subsided and then went out completely. Ivan Dudorov repeated the feat of Sasha Kovalev in the Northern Fleet. At the same time, the emergency team cut off the supply of gasoline to the damaged pipe and completed sealing the hole.
The boat remained in service, continuing to fight. Ivan Dudorov was awarded the Order of the Red Star for this feat.
PIKUL VALENTIN SAVVICH
After graduating from the Solovetsky school of cabin boys in 1943, Valentin Pikul began sailor service in the Northern Fleet. At the age of 17, he became the commander of a combat post, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the gyrocompass, the main device for orienting a ship at sea.
Destroyer “Grozny”- one of the most combative large ships of the Northern Fleet. During the war, he more than once took part in raiding operations, firing powerful artillery fire at fascist positions. Protected allied and our convoys with military cargo from attacks by enemy submarines and aircraft, carried out three mine laying operations, placing 134 anchor mines
In March 1942, in a force 12 storm, he assisted the emergency destroyer Gromky and towed it to the base. On May 27, 1942, the destroyer attacked a German submarine and sank it with two series of depth charges.
The ship's anti-aircraft gunners shot down six enemy bombers.
During the war, the entire crew of the ship was awarded orders and medals for their military exploits, and later with special badges “For sailing in convoys.” One of these award signs is kept in a museum showcase dedicated to V.S. Pikul.
On May 6, 1945, the destroyer “Grozny” was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the military exploits of its personnel.
Books by V.S. are dedicated to the Navy. Pikul: “Ocean Patrol”, Cruisers”, “Wealth”, “Moonzund” and many others. Of particular note is the autobiographical story about the Solovetsky cabin boys, “Boys with Bows.”
Later, Valentin Savvich will write about his combat youth: “... and to this day I still live by the course that the gyrocompass gave me, which showed the way to a greater life, in which new anxieties and new tensions of the soul awaited me. Of course, it was not I who brought victory to the Motherland. I wasn’t the only one who brought her magical day closer. But I did what I could. In the overall wonderful Victory Feast there was a small drop of my honey... I haven’t had echoing ship dreams for a long time. But I still sometimes think of myself as a cabin boy. This high and honorable title gives me the right to be forever young. The cabin boys of the fleet are not in danger of old age.”
PERETRUKHIN IGOR KONSTANTINOVICH
In the fall of 1944, troops of the Karelian Front and sailors of the Northern Fleet were preparing to deliver the final blow to the fascist invaders in the Arctic.
The torpedo boats were supposed to remove our scouts from the enemy shore. We barely had time to take our soldiers on board when we received an order over the radio to attack the enemy convoy. The enemy transports were well guarded, three attacks by our boats were repulsed.
Only the fourth time did the torpedoes reach their target. In battle, the boats converged with the enemy at 150-200 meters. They fired from machine guns. The scouts on the boats fired from machine guns. Igor Peretrukhin accurately fired a rapid-fire cannon at enemy ships.
Of the nine crew members of the torpedo boat TKA-114, four were Solovetsky cabin boys: boatswain Leonid Svetlakov, gunner Igor Peretrukhin, mechanics Nikolai Tkachenko and Nikolai Rymarev.
On the night of October 13, 1944, torpedo boats TKA-114 and TKA-116 were ordered to enter the fjord through a narrow strait, which the sailors dubbed the “corridor of death,” to the port of Liinakhamari and land the first assault force. At the entrance to the fjord, the beams of enemy searchlights flashed. A fierce firefight ensued. Smoke bombs were thrown overboard from the boats. Under the cover of smoke curtains, the boats moved slowly into the port and disembarked the paratroopers. A fierce battle ensued on the shore. Svetlakov and Peretrukhin, armed with machine guns and grenades, went ashore and, together with the marines, held the defense for two hours until the main landing forces approached the landing site.
Having completed the combat mission, the 114th was the last to leave the fjord and again came under fire from surviving enemy firing points. The boat received serious damage, but the sailors still managed to save their ship; it was towed by the torpedo boat TKA-116 and brought to the base.
Valery Ivanovich Lyalin
In the navy, the sons of the regiment were called cabin boys. Most often they were the children of dead sailors. Valery, or as he was called Valka, Lyalin entered the fleet in the spring of 1943. By this time, his father, the commander, had died at the front, and his mother, who worked at the plant, had died under bombing. He wandered around the Batumi port and, by chance, met the captain of the TKA-93 torpedo boat, lieutenant Andrey Efimovich Chertsov, asked him to take him on the ship.
“I remembered my childhood, how I was a homeless child, I felt a soreness in my throat. I feel sorry for the boy,” Chertsov recalled. After consulting with the mechanic, we decided to take the child with us and, if necessary, place him in school as a cabin boy. No one could have imagined that in a few months he would become a full-fledged member of the crew, master motoring and boat control.
Valka accomplished his feat in September 1943, when the Black Sea sailors were tasked with liberating the Novorossiysk port from the boom net barrier. Understanding the danger of the task, Lieutenant Chertsov categorically forbade the cabin boy to participate in the operation. On the night of September 11, under heavy fire from the Nazis, the boat approached the intended location, disembarked the paratroopers, then in Gelendzhik took on board another 25 paratroopers and new ammunition and again set off for the port of Novorossiysk. It was already beginning to get light, the Germans brought up artillery and mortars to the port, but Chertsov decided to break through the continuous wall of fire. Already on the approach to the berths, shell fragments hit the oil line of one of the engines. While the cabin boy Lyalin - and he slipped on board when the boat was picking up the second group of paratroopers - was repairing one engine, the second one also stalled. Shells exploded near the side, most of the crew died, and the captain was also wounded. There was practically no hope of salvation left, when suddenly Valka reported that he had repaired the right engine. Having landed the paratroopers, the boat, half-flooded from the holes it received, set off on its way back. When Chertsov, having lost consciousness, released the helm, his place in the wheelhouse was taken by the cabin boy Lyalin. To see the windshield, he had to stand on a box, and the steering wheel had to be rotated, leaning on it with his whole body. Overcoming fatigue and pain in his hands, the cabin boy brought the boat to the cape, beyond which was the entrance to Gelendzhik Bay.
cabin boy V.I. Lyalin and A.E. Chertsov
Later, Chertsov finally got Valka Lyalin into the Tbilisi Nakhimov School. According to the recollections of his classmates, he was the only student who had four military medals on his chest. Valka later received the Order of the Red Star, but the title of Hero, which Lieutenant Chertsov applied for, was never awarded to him - the division commander was afraid of being demoted for the fact that, in violation of all the rules and instructions, an underage teenager was serving on the ship.
Another amazing story is connected with the names of Valka Lyalin and captain Andrei Chertsov. After that terrible campaign, all surviving crew members were treated in a hospital near Novorossiysk. Once I came to visit the wounded with a concert Klavdia Ivanovna Shulzhenko. And when the performance ended, Klavdia Ivanovna saw that one of the sailors was stretching his bandaged hands towards her. She did not understand what the wounded man wanted to say. But then a cabin boy ran up and explained that the commander was asking him to perform his favorite song “Hands”. Many years later, in the mid-70s, the TKA-93 crew met the great singer again, and this happened on the set of “Blue Light”. According to Shulzhenko’s recollections, in the group of men at one of the tables she recognized the matured Valery Lyalin, and the gray-haired Andrei Chertsov, on whose chest was the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union, and other crew members who had survived that terrible campaign. The singer performed “Hands” again.
In November 1943, an order was issued to enroll all sons of the regiments in the Suvorov and Nakhimov schools. However, the boys at that moment wanted more to get to Berlin than to sit at a school desk. This happened, for example, with Tolya Ryabkov. The soldiers of the artillery regiment literally saved him from starvation in besieged Leningrad - they assigned the little soldier first to the kitchen, then to the signalmen detachment, and in February 1942, the 13-year-old boy took the oath. A year later, Tolik was sent to the Suvorov School, but he did not want to stay there and returned home. The boy also only lasted a couple of weeks at a regular school, and then fled to Kronstadt.
Moscow. Monument on Solovetsky Yung Square
City of Arkhangelsk monument to the "Solovetsky cabin boys"
