Neurogenic hyperthermia. Hyperthermia of unknown origin: causes, diagnosis, treatment

I. Hyperthermia caused by excessive heat production.

1. Hyperthermia during exercise
2. Heatstroke (from physical exertion)
3. Malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia
4. Lethal catatonia
5. Thyrotoxicosis
6. Pheochromocytoma
7. Salicylate intoxication
8. Drug abuse (cocaine, amphetamine)
9. Delirium tremens
10. Status epilepticus
11. Tetanus (generalized)

II. Hyperthermia caused by decreased heat transfer.

1. Heat stroke (classic)
2. Wearing heat-resistant clothing
3. Dehydration
4. Autonomic dysfunction of psychogenic origin
5. Administration of anticholinergic drugs
6. Hyperthermia with anhidrosis.

III. Hyperthermia of complex origin due to dysfunction of the hypothalamus.

1. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
2. Cerebrovascular disorders
3. Encephalitis
4. Sarcoidosis and granulomatous infections
5. Traumatic brain injury
6. Other hypothalamic lesions

I. Hyperthermia caused by excessive heat production

Hyperthermia during physical activity. Hyperthermia is an inevitable consequence of prolonged and intense physical exertion (especially in hot and humid weather). Its mild forms are well controlled by rehydration.

Heat stroke (from physical exertion) refers to an extreme form of physical exertion hyperthermia. There are two types of heat stroke. The first type is heat stroke due to physical stress, which develops during intense physical work in a humid and hot external environment, usually in young and healthy people (athletes, soldiers). Predisposing factors include: insufficient acclimatization, regulatory disorders in the cardiovascular system, dehydration, wearing warm clothes.

The second type of heat stroke (classic) is typical for older people with impaired heat transfer processes. Anhidrosis often occurs here. Predisposing factors: cardiovascular diseases, obesity, use of anticholinergic drugs or diuretics, dehydration, old age. City living is a risk factor for them.

Clinical manifestations of both forms of heat stroke include an acute onset, a rise in body temperature above 40°, nausea, weakness, cramps, impaired consciousness (delirium, stupor or coma), hypotension, tachycardia and hyperventilation. Epileptic seizures are common; Sometimes focal neurological symptoms and swelling in the fundus are detected. Laboratory tests reveal hemoconcentration, proteinuria, microhematuria and liver dysfunction. Muscle enzyme levels increase, and severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure are possible. Symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation are often detected (especially in the case of heat stroke during exercise). With the latter option, there is often concomitant hypoglycemia. The study of acid-base balance and electrolyte balance, as a rule, reveals respiratory alkalosis and hypokalemia in the early stages and lactic acidosis and hypercapnia in the later stages.

The mortality rate for heatstroke is very high (up to 10%). Causes of death may be: shock, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, renal failure, neurological disorders. The prognosis depends on the severity and duration of hyperthermia.

Malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia is a rare complication of general anesthesia. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The syndrome usually develops soon after administration of the anesthetic, but can develop later (up to 11 hours after administration of the drug). Hyperthermia is very pronounced and reaches 41-45°. Another main symptom is severe muscle rigidity. Hypotension, hyperpnea, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypoxia, hypercapnia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, rhabdomyoldis and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome are also observed. Characterized by high mortality. The therapeutic effect is provided by intravenous administration of a solution of dantrolene. Urgent withdrawal of anesthesia, correction of hypoxia and metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular support are necessary. Physical cooling is also used.

Lethal (malignant) catatonia was described in the pre-neuroleptic era, but is clinically similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome with obtundation, severe rigidity, hyperthermia and autonomic disturbances leading to death. Some authors even believe that neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a drug-induced lethal catatonia. However, a similar syndrome has been described in patients with Parkinson's disease with abrupt withdrawal of dopa-containing drugs. Rigidity, tremors and fever are also observed with serotonin syndrome, which sometimes develops with the administration of MAO inhibitors and drugs that increase serotonin levels.

Thyrotoxicosis, among its other manifestations (tachycardia, extrasystole, atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, hyperhidrosis, diarrhea, weight loss, tremor, etc.), is also characterized by an increase in body temperature. Low-grade fever is found in more than one third of patients (hyperthermia is well compensated by hyperhidrosis). However, before attributing low-grade fever to thyrotoxicosis, it is necessary to exclude other causes that can lead to an increase in temperature (chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, diseases of the teeth, gall bladder, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, etc.). Patients cannot tolerate hot rooms or the heat of the sun; and insolation often provokes the first signs of thyrotoxicosis. Hyperthermia often becomes noticeable during a thyrotoxic crisis (it is better to measure rectal temperature).

Pheochromatytoma leads to the periodic release of large amounts of adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood, which determines the typical clinical picture of the disease. There are attacks of sudden paleness of the skin, especially the face, trembling of the whole body, tachycardia, pain in the heart, headaches, a feeling of fear, and arterial hypertension. The attack lasts several minutes or several tens of minutes. Between attacks, the state of health remains normal. During an attack, hyperthermia of varying severity can sometimes be observed.

The use of drugs such as anticholinergics and salicylates (in case of severe intoxication, especially in children) can lead to such an unusual manifestation as hyperthermia.

Abuse of certain drugs, especially cocaine and amphetamine, is another possible cause of hyperthermia.

Alcohol increases the risk of heatstroke, and alcohol withdrawal can precipitate delirium tremens with hyperthermia.

Status epilepticus may be accompanied by hyperthermia, apparently in the picture of central hypothalamic thermoregulatory disorders. The cause of hyperthermia in such cases does not raise diagnostic doubts.

Tetanus (generalized) manifests itself with such a typical clinical picture that it also does not give rise to diagnostic difficulties when assessing hyperthermia.

II. Hyperthermia due to decreased heat transfer

This group of disorders, in addition to the classic heat stroke mentioned above, includes overheating when wearing heatproof clothing, dehydration (decreased sweating), psychogenic hyperthermia, hyperthermia when using anticholinergics (for example, with parkinsonism) and with anhidrosis.

Severe hypohidrosis or anhidrosis (congenital absence or underdevelopment of sweat glands, peripheral autonomic failure) may be accompanied by hyperthermia if the patient is in an environment with a high temperature.

Psychogenic (or neurogenic) hyperthermia is characterized by prolonged and monotonously flowing hyperthermia. An inversion of the circadian rhythm is often observed (body temperature is higher in the morning than in the evening). This hyperthermia is relatively well tolerated by the patient. Antipyretics in typical cases do not reduce fever. Heart rate does not change in parallel with body temperature. Neurogenic hyperthermia is usually observed in the context of other psychovegetative disorders (vegetative dystonia syndrome, tension-type headache, etc.); it is especially characteristic of school age (especially puberty). It is often accompanied by allergies or other signs of an immunodeficiency state. In children, hyperthermia often stops outside of the school season. The diagnosis of neurogenic hyperthermia always requires careful exclusion of somatic causes of fever (including HIV infection).

III. Hyperthermia of complex origin due to dysfunction of the hypothalamus

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome develops, according to some authors, in 0.2% of patients receiving antipsychotics during the first 30 days of treatment. It is characterized by generalized muscle rigidity, hyperthermia (usually above 41°), autonomic disorders, and impaired consciousness. Rhabdomylysis, impaired renal and liver function are observed. Characterized by leukocytosis, hypernatremia, acidosis and electrolyte disturbances.

Strokes (including subarachnoid hemorrhages) in the acute phase are often accompanied by hyperthermia against the background of severe cerebral disorders and corresponding neurological manifestations that facilitate diagnosis.

Hyperthermia is described in the picture of encephalitis of various natures, as well as sarcoidosis and other granulomatous infections.

Moderate and especially severe traumatic brain injury may be accompanied by severe hyperthermia in the acute stage. Here, hyperthermia is often observed in the picture of other hypothalamic and brainstem disorders (hyperosmolarity, hypernatremia, muscle tone disorders, acute adrenal insufficiency, etc.).

Other lesions of the hypothalamus of an organic nature (a very rare cause) can also manifest themselves as hyperthermia, among other hypothalamic syndromes.

What is hyperthermia? This is the accumulation of excess heat in the body. In simple terms, this is overheating. Body temperature rises, its release into the external environment is disrupted. There is also another situation - excess heat coming from outside. A similar condition appears when heat production prevails over its consumption. The appearance of this problem negatively affects the functioning of the entire body. The circulatory and cardiovascular systems are under great strain. Hyperthermia according to ICD-10 is a fever of unknown origin, which can also occur after childbirth. Unfortunately, this also happens.

Types of hyperthermia

They are as follows:

• Red. Considered the safest. There is no circulatory disturbance. A peculiar physiological process of cooling the body, which prevents overheating of internal organs. Signs - skin color changes to pink or red, the skin is hot when touched. The person himself is hot and sweating profusely.
• White. When talking about what hyperthermia is, we cannot ignore this type. It poses a danger to human life. A spasm of the peripheral vessels of the circulatory system occurs, which leads to disruption of the heat transfer process. If this condition lasts for a long time, it will inevitably lead to swelling of the brain, impaired consciousness and the appearance of seizures. The person is cold, his skin becomes pale with a bluish tint.
• Neurogenic. The cause of its appearance is a brain injury, a benign or malignant tumor, local hemorrhage, an aneurysm. This species is the most dangerous.
• Exogenous. Occurs when the ambient temperature rises, which contributes to the entry of a large amount of heat into the body.
• Endogenous. A common cause of appearance is toxicosis.

Why is there a problem?

The human body can regulate the temperature of not only the entire body, but also the internal organs. This event involves two processes - heat production and heat transfer.

Heat is produced by all tissues, but the liver and skeletal muscles are most involved in this work.

Heat transfer occurs thanks to:

• Small blood vessels, which are located near the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. When expanding, they increase heat transfer, and when narrowing, they reduce it. The hands play a special role. Through small vessels located on them, up to sixty percent of the heat is removed.
• Skin. It contains sweat glands. As the temperature rises, sweating increases. This leads to cooling. The muscles begin to contract. The hairs growing on the skin rise. This way the heat is retained.
• Breathing. When you inhale and exhale, liquid evaporates. This process increases heat transfer.

There are two types of hyperthermia: endogenous (impaired heat transfer occurs under the influence of substances produced by the body itself) and exogenous (arising under the influence of environmental factors).

Causes of endogenous and esogenous hyperthermia

The following reasons are identified:

• Excess hormones of the adrenal glands, ovaries, thyroid gland. Endocrine pathologies of these organs provoke increased heat production.
• Reduced heat transfer. An increase in the tone of the nervous system causes a narrowing of blood vessels, which leads to their sharp spasm. For this reason, the temperature jumps up within a few minutes. On the thermometer scale you can see 41 degrees. The skin becomes pale. That is why experts call this condition pale hyperthermia. The reason that most often provokes this problem is obesity (third or fourth degree). The subcutaneous tissue of obese people is highly developed. Excess heat cannot “break through” through it. It stays inside. An imbalance of thermoregulation occurs.

Exogenous heat accumulation. Factors that provoke it:

• Finding a person in a room with high temperature. This could be a bathhouse, a hot shop. Long stays under the hot sun are no exception. The body is unable to cope with excess heat, and a failure occurs in the process of heat transfer.
• High humidity. The pores of the skin begin to become clogged, and sweating does not occur in full. One component of thermoregulation does not function.
• Clothing that does not allow air and moisture to pass through.

Main factors causing the problem

The main causes of hyperthermia syndrome include the following:

• Brain damage.
• Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.
• Respiratory tract disease.
• Food intoxication and pathological processes occurring in the urinary system.
• Viral infection and skin diseases with suppuration.
• Lesions of abdominal and retroperitoneal organs.

Let's move on to a more detailed study of the causes of hyperthermia:

Stages of hyperthermia

Before determining what kind of help to provide for hyperthermia, let's talk about its stages. This is what determines which treatment methods to use.

• Adaptive. Tachycardia, rapid breathing, vasodilation and severe sweating appear. These changes themselves try to normalize heat transfer. Symptoms: headache, muscle pain, weakness. If help is not provided in time, the disease enters the second stage.
• Excitement stage. A high temperature appears (up to thirty-nine degrees or more). There is confusion, increased heart rate and breathing, increased headache, weakness and nausea. The skin is pale and damp.
• The third stage is characterized by respiratory and vascular paralysis. This condition is very dangerous for human life. It is at this moment that emergency treatment for hyperthermia is needed. Delay may result in death.

Pediatric hyperthermia

An elevated temperature in a child indicates some disease or inflammatory process occurring in the baby’s body. In order to help him, it is necessary to establish a diagnosis and determine what ailment the existing symptoms relate to.

Hyperthermia in children is very dangerous. It can lead to complications. This means it requires urgent treatment. Symptoms of hyperthermia in a child are as follows:

• Temperature above thirty-seven degrees. This indicator can be measured in a child: in the groin, in the mouth, in the rectum.
• Breathing is rapid, as is heartbeat.
• Sometimes convulsions and delirium appear.

If your body temperature is not higher than thirty-eight degrees, experts recommend not lowering it. The baby’s body must fight on its own. Interferon is produced, which strengthens the child’s defenses

But every rule has an exception. If a child suffers from disorders of the central nervous system, then already at thirty-eight degrees the temperature should be reduced.

How to help your baby

For hyperthermia in children, emergency care is as follows.

1. Red type of disease:

• The child is given a cool drink.
• Under no circumstances should you wrap your baby up; on the contrary, remove excess clothing. Excess heat will escape through the skin.
• Cool lotions are placed on the child's forehead.
• Cool bandages on your wrist will help reduce your temperature.
• If the temperature rises to thirty-nine degrees, give your child antipyretic medications.

2. White hyperthermia. In this case, you should act a little differently:

• The baby is given a warm drink.
• It is advisable to rub the limbs to help the child warm up.
• You should wear warm socks on your feet.
• It wouldn't hurt to wrap your child up or dress him warmer.
• Raspberry tea is suitable to reduce the temperature. This is a product that has been proven over the years.

If all these actions do not help bring down the temperature, then the next step is medical help.

A little more about children

Now we will talk about hyperthermia in newborns. Sometimes parents of babies start to panic for no reason. To prevent this from happening, you should familiarize yourself with this information.

The baby has a temperature of thirty-seven degrees. First, pay attention to your baby's behavior. If he is calm, eats and sleeps well, smiles and is not capricious, then there is no need to worry in advance. Remember that a temperature of thirty-seven degrees in a child up to a month is normal.

Is a temperature of thirty-seven degrees dangerous for a newborn? As stated above, no. The baby's body adapts to the environment. That's why the temperature periodically jumps.

It doesn’t hurt to know that a baby with a body temperature of thirty-seven degrees can be bathed. Don’t worry that after water treatments it has risen a little. Physical activity and warm water lead to temporary hyperthermia.

Temperature fluctuations in children under one year of age are normal. During this period, thermoregulation is just beginning to form. But if the temperature exceeds thirty-seven, then you can’t do without medical help. Especially if other symptoms begin to appear: pallor or redness of the skin, moodiness, lethargy, refusal to eat.

Genetic disease

Malignant hyperthermia is hereditary. Most often found in anesthesiology. Metabolic processes are disrupted in muscle tissue. The danger of this condition is that during the use of anesthesia or anesthesia, the heart rate increases, the temperature rises greatly, and shortness of breath appears. If timely assistance is not provided, the person may die.

The disease is inherited through generations. If one of the relatives has been diagnosed with it, then the person automatically falls into the risk zone. During anesthesia, medications are used that will not provoke an attack.

Now about the symptoms of the disease:

• Exhaled air contains a large amount of carbon dioxide.
• Breathing is rapid and shallow.
• Heart rate is more than ninety beats per minute.
• The temperature rises sharply to forty-two degrees.
• The skin turns blue.
• A spasm of the chewing muscles appears and the tone increases.
• There are surges in blood pressure.

Malignant hyperthermia: treatment and complications

In case of malignant hyperthermia, emergency care should be provided immediately. Treatment of this disease consists of two stages.

• Rapid cooling, maintaining this state.
• Administration of the drug "Dantrolene".

The first stage is necessary to prevent damage to the central nervous system and metabolic disorders.

The second stage is an addition to the first.

The best results can be obtained if muscle tone has not reached the generalized stage.

This type of hyperthermia has a high mortality rate. That is why it is necessary to immediately take all measures to prevent an attack.

During the operation, the anesthesiologist has at hand all the necessary drugs to relieve the attack. Instructions are also included with them.

The same manipulations are carried out if malignant hyperthermia occurs in children.

Complications of this disease include:

• Kidney failure.
• Destruction of muscle tissue cells.
• Blood clotting disorder.
• Arrhythmia.

First aid for hyperthermia

Before medical assistance is provided for a sharp increase in temperature, the person should be helped where his illness overtook him.

Take off excess clothes. If a person is under the hot sun, he should be moved to the shade. In the room, open a window or point a fan at the patient. Give the person plenty of fluids. If your skin is pink, the drink should be cool. If pale, the liquid should be warm.

Place a heating pad with ice or frozen foods in the groin area, under the armpit, or on the neck. The body can be wiped with a solution of table vinegar or vodka.

For pallid hyperthermia, treatment involves warming the extremities. Vascular spasm is eliminated, the process of thermoregulation is normalized.

Drug treatment is provided in a hospital or by an ambulance:

• For pale hyperthermia, antispasmodics are administered. When red - cool solutions.
• If the attack began during the operation, then the resuscitation team provides assistance to the person. The patient is given infusion solutions and anti-seizure drugs.

Diagnostics

Fever is a symptom of many diseases. To identify the cause, a comprehensive examination should be carried out.

• An anamnesis is being collected.
• The patient is examined.
• Tests are prescribed: blood, urine.
• A chest x-ray is required.

To determine pathological changes, a bacteriological or serological study is prescribed.

You already know what hyperthermia is. As you can see, this disease is not to be joked about. If the temperature cannot be brought down, seek medical help immediately.

Hyperthermia is overheating of the human body, which is accompanied by a temperature above 37ºC. Hyperthermia is the most common symptom of various diseases and is a protective-compensatory reaction of the body.

Causes

Hyperthermia occurs in many diseases that are accompanied by inflammatory processes or damage to the thermoregulation center of the brain:

• Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract
• Acute viral respiratory tract infections
• Inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs
• Acute food poisoning
• Acute inflammatory diseases of the abdominal region and retroperitoneal space
• Strokes
• Purulent diseases of soft tissues
• Stressful situations

Hyperthermia is based on an imbalance between heat production and heat loss that occurs as a result of diseases.

Symptoms

• Explicit or hidden manifestation of other symptoms of the disease that caused hyperthermia
• Weakness, drowsiness, rarely - agitation
• Rapid breathing
• Sweating
• Tachycardia
• Children may experience seizures and loss of consciousness. At very high temperatures, loss of consciousness can also occur in adults.

Diagnostics

Temperature measurements can be taken in the mouth, groin, armpit or rectum.

Types of disease

Based on temperature indicators, hyperthermia is divided into:

• Subfebrile (37.2-38°C)
• Low (moderate) febrile (38.1-39°C)
• High febrile (39.1-41°C)
• Hyperthermic (above 41.1 °C)

The duration of hyperthermia can be:

• Ephemeral (from several hours to 2 days)
• Acute (up to 15 days)
• Subacute (up to 45 days)
• Chronic (over 45 days)

There are pink hyperthermia and white hyperthermia. In the first case, heat production is equal to heat transfer and the general state is not changed. In the second case, heat production exceeds heat transfer, as spasm of peripheral vessels occurs. In this case, coldness of the extremities, chills are felt, pale skin, a cyanotic tint of the lips and nail phalanges are observed.

Hyperthermia is also distinguished by the nature of the temperature curve.

Patient Actions

The patient needs to go to bed. There must be access to fresh air in the room where the patient is located. Drink as many warm drinks as possible.

If an adult continues to have hyperthermia above 39ºC for 24 hours, or due to the high temperature there is difficulty breathing, impaired consciousness, abdominal pain, vomiting, urinary retention, etc., you should urgently call a doctor or an ambulance.

Children are recommended to take measures to eliminate hyperthermia at temperatures above 38ºС-38.5ºС or lower if their general condition is impaired. If a child develops a rash, difficulty breathing, convulsions, or hallucinations due to high hyperthermia, call a doctor immediately.

If a child has febrile convulsions, lay him on his back so that his head is turned to the side, open the window, unfasten constrictive clothing, protect the child from possible injuries during convulsive movements, call an ambulance.

Treatment

The temperature in children is usually reduced by paracetamol, ibuprofen and other drugs containing these active ingredients. The dosage and form of administration depends on age.

In adults, in addition to paracetamol and ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid preparations are also used.

Physical methods of combating hyperthermia include wiping the body with a cloth soaked in water at room temperature or in a solution of table vinegar or vodka. You can wrap a patient with hyperthermia in a wet sheet. An enema with boiled water at room temperature helps lower the temperature.

It is necessary to find out the cause of the elevated temperature and decide on the treatment of the underlying disease.

Complications

In severe cases, hyperthermia is accompanied by sudden loss of consciousness and convulsions.

Hyperthermia is most dangerous for children and people with cardiovascular diseases. Even death is possible.

Prevention

Includes the prevention of diseases whose symptom is hyperthermia.

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Overheating is a process that every person has experienced. A person first becomes acquainted with this phenomenon on the first day after birth, when body temperature can reach 37-38 degrees. Hyperthermia is the main symptom of the appearance of many diseases, which can develop as an independent disease. In this article you can find out what hyperthermia is, symptoms and treatment of the disease.

General description of the disease, etiology of development

Hyperthermia is the process of accumulation of excess heat in the body, accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Hyperthermia can occur due to diseases, as the main symptom, or occur independently when the thermoregulation mechanism is disrupted. Overheating is accompanied by disruption of metabolic pathways and circulatory processes, and abundant fluid loss occurs. Occasionally, doctors induce artificial hyperthermia, which helps treat chronic forms of disease. Increased body temperature occurs in people of any age and gender.

The main reasons contributing to the occurrence of hyperthermia:

• mechanical damage to the brain of varying degrees of severity;
• hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke;
• inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, such as bronchitis, pneumonia;
• food intoxication;
• pathological processes affecting the human kidneys and urinary tract;
• a viral infection that affects the upper airways - influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenoviral infection;
• suppurative skin diseases that provoke the occurrence of phlegmon, abscesses, and cause hyperthermia of the skin;
• inflammatory lesions of the organs of the retroperitoneal space, abdominal cavity.

FYI. When your body temperature reaches 37-37.5 degrees, you should not immediately take medications to bring down the temperature. A slight increase in temperature has a beneficial effect on the body's enzyme systems, which accelerate the chemical reactions occurring in the body.

Types of hyperthermia

The hyperthermic reaction, depending on the duration of the manifestation, is divided into:

• ephemeral – 2 hours – 2 days;
• acute – up to 15 days;
• subacute – up to 45 days;
• chronic – more than 45 days.

Depending on maintaining the temperature at the same level, hyperthermia is divided into:

• permanent;
• laxative;
• returnable;
• undulating;
• debilitating;
• incorrect (differences in the temperature curve values ​​are sharp and significant).

Types of hyperthermia:

1. Red. By far the safest. It does not cause circulatory problems and is a manifestation of the physiological process of cooling the body. The protective mechanism is designed to protect internal organs from overheating. Manifested by a change in skin color to pink or red. When you touch a person, you can feel that the skin is hot. The person himself is hot and has increased sweating.
2. White. It is dangerous to humans and is accompanied by spasm of the peripheral vessels of the circulatory system, which disrupts the mechanisms of heat transfer. Long-term exposure leads to swelling of the brain, lungs, disturbances of consciousness, and seizures. The person feels cold, the skin becomes pale and may have a bluish tint, but there is no increase in sweating. Not to be confused with hypothermia.
3. Neurogenic. The cause of occurrence is mechanical trauma to the brain, benign or malignant tumor, aneurysm, local hemorrhage. It is a dangerous type of overheating, as are the reasons for its occurrence.
4. Exogenous. The reason for the development is a significant increase in ambient temperature, the entry of a large amount of heat into the body. The mechanism of human thermoregulation is not impaired. Manifestations: redness of the skin, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally disturbances of consciousness.
5. Endogenous. Occurs when there is increased heat production by the body against the background of the inability to remove it. A common cause is toxicosis.

The causes of overheating are varied, which determines the choice of medications to treat the disease.

Clinical picture, treatment

In cases of severe inflammatory syndrome, non-infectious and other diseases accompanied by hyperthermia, the clinical picture is pronounced. Symptoms are similar in people of different ages and include:

• increased sweating;
• increased breathing rate;
• tachycardia;
• lethargy, refusal to eat, drowsiness.
• in severe cases, convulsions, loss of consciousness in children, at critical temperatures - loss of consciousness in adults.

In case of pronounced tachycardia, a prolonged increase in temperature that is not brought down by medications, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, it is necessary to call an ambulance.

To provide emergency assistance to an injured person, you must:

• put the patient to bed;
• remove tight clothing from the patient;
• at a temperature of 38 degrees, you can use alcohol to rub the body, then apply a cold object to the groin area;
• at a temperature of 38-38.5 degrees it is necessary to use antipyretic drugs in the form of tablets or rectal suppositories;
• a temperature of more than 38.5 degrees means that it can only be brought down using injections. Analgin solution administered intramuscularly is suitable for the procedure.

If the temperature rises critically, you should call an ambulance immediately. For a hospitalized patient, the symptoms of hyperthermia will be relieved in a hospital setting, the cause of the latter will be identified, and it will be eliminated. Remember that you should be attentive to your health, paying attention to even minor periodic increases in temperature.