Disability is a social phenomenon that no society in the world can avoid. At the same time, the number of disabled people increases annually by an average of 10%. According to UN experts, people with disabilities make up an average of 10% of the population, and approximately 25% of the population suffers from chronic diseases.

In Russia today there are 13 million people with disabilities, and their number tends to further increase. Some of them are disabled from birth, others became disabled due to illness or injury, but all of them are members of society and have the same rights and responsibilities as other citizens.

In accordance with the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation,” a disabled person is a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to limitation of life activities and causing the need for his social protection.

The main signs of disability are the complete or partial loss of a person’s ability or ability to perform self-care, move independently, navigate, communicate, control one’s behavior, learn and engage in work.

The main factors determining the growth of disability are the degree of economic and social development of the region, which determines the standard of living and income of the population, morbidity, the quality of the activities of medical institutions, the degree of objectivity of examination in the bureau of medical and social examination, the state of the environment (ecology), industrial and domestic injuries, road traffic accidents, man-made and natural disasters, armed conflicts and other reasons.

In general, disability as a problem of human activity in conditions of limited freedom of choice includes several main aspects: legal, social-environmental, psychological, socio-ideological, production-economic, anatomical-functional.

Where the legal aspect involves ensuring the rights, freedoms and responsibilities of people with disabilities. It is worth noting three fundamental provisions that form the basis of legislation on persons with disabilities. The first is that disabled people have special rights to certain conditions for receiving education, to providing means of transportation, to specialized living conditions, and others. The second important provision is the right of people with disabilities to be active participants in all those processes that relate to decision-making regarding their life activities, status, etc. The third provision proclaims the creation of specialized public services: medical and social examination and rehabilitation. They are designed to form a system of ensuring the relatively independent life of disabled people.

The social-environmental aspect includes issues related to the microsocial environment (family, work collective, home, workplace, etc.) and the macrosocial environment (city-forming and information environments, social groups, labor market, etc.). The following types of activities acquire a certain relevance: awareness of the population about the possibility of wider use of the services of a social worker, the formation of the population’s needs in protecting the rights and interests of disabled citizens, the implementation of moral and psychological support for the family, etc.

The psychological aspect reflects both the personal and psychological orientation of the disabled person himself, and the emotional and psychological perception of the problem of disability by society. Disabled people belong to the category of the so-called low-mobility population and are the least protected, socially vulnerable part of society. This is due, first of all, to defects in their physical condition caused by diseases that led to disability, as well as to the existing complex of concomitant somatic pathologies and reduced motor activity. In addition, to a large extent, the social vulnerability of these population groups is associated with the presence of a psychological factor that shapes their attitude towards society and complicates adequate contact with it. All this leads to the emergence of emotional-volitional disorders, the development of depression, and behavioral changes.

The socio-ideological aspect determines the content of the practical activities of state institutions and the formation of state policy regarding people with disabilities. In this sense, it is necessary to abandon the dominant view of disability as an indicator of the health of the population, and perceive it as an indicator of the effectiveness of social policy, and realize that the solution to the problem of disability lies in the interaction of the disabled person and society.

The production and economic aspect is associated mainly with the problem of forming an industrial basis for social protection of the population and the market for rehabilitation products and services. This approach allows us to focus on increasing the proportion of disabled people capable of partial or full independent professional, everyday and social activities, creating a system of targeted satisfaction of their needs for rehabilitation means and services, and this in turn will contribute to their integration into society.

The anatomical and functional aspect of disability involves the formation of a social environment (in the physical and psychological senses) that would perform a rehabilitation function and contribute to the development of the rehabilitation potential of a disabled person. Thus, taking into account the modern understanding of disability, the focus of the state’s attention when solving this problem should not be violations in the human body, but the restoration of its social role function in conditions of limited freedom. The main emphasis in solving the problems of people with disabilities is shifting towards rehabilitation, based primarily on social mechanisms of compensation and adaptation. Thus, the meaning of rehabilitation of disabled people lies in a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to restoring a person’s abilities for everyday, social and professional activities at a level corresponding to his physical, psychological and social potential, taking into account the characteristics of the micro- and macro-social environment. The ultimate goal of complex multidisciplinary rehabilitation, as a process and system, is to provide a person with anatomical defects, functional disorders, and social disabilities with the opportunity to live relatively independently. From this point of view, rehabilitation prevents disruption of a person’s connections with the outside world and performs a preventive function in relation to disability.

However, the discrimination that exists in society towards people with disabilities, and especially young people with disabilities, is clearly visible in all characteristics.

The level of education of young people with disabilities is much lower than that of non-disabled people. Almost everyone who has only primary education over the age of 20 is disabled. On the contrary, the share of young people with higher education among disabled people is 2 times lower. Even the share of vocational school graduates among 20-year-old disabled people is lower. The monetary income of young disabled people is twice as low as compared to their non-disabled peers.

The lower incomes of young people with disabilities are a direct consequence of barriers to access to income-generating activities, including well-paid employment. Employment statistics for this category are not published. At the same time, according to a sample survey of the population on employment problems, the average duration of job search for all disabled people consistently exceeds the same indicator for all unemployed people.

The lower level of education of young disabled people is reflected in the professional structure of their employment: among young disabled people there are significantly more people employed in blue-collar professions, including many unskilled workers, than among their healthy peers.

Forming a marriage is a huge challenge for many young people with disabilities. Among them, 2-3 times more are single and half as many are married. There are also half as many of them living alone (separately from parents or other relatives). This indicates their significant lack of independence and dependence on the care of their relatives.

This is also the lower social mobility of disabled people, which is manifested in the less intense separation of disabled people from the family of their parents and relatives. Accordingly, there is lower mobility of relatives of disabled people. Due to the need to care for a disabled person, one or more of his relatives are also limited in their ability to leave the family to one degree or another. Exaggerating, we can say that the disability of one of the spouses “increases” several times the likelihood that the other spouse will also be disabled. In fact, this may indicate social isolation of people with disabilities, which results in them marrying primarily with each other.

All of the above social characteristics indicate that young disabled people in Russia are a completely specific group not only in the population, but also among adult disabled people, because in older generations the social differences between disabled and non-disabled people are smoothed out and even disappear. From this brief analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn regarding the construction of effective policies for the social inclusion of young people with disabilities:

• 1. Signs of social discrimination are especially pronounced in relation to young people with disabilities. Age must be taken into account as one of the most important dimensions when formulating a strategy aimed at equal opportunities for persons with disabilities.
• 2. It is the Social Service Centers that are a real support for the disabled. While they are the main object of the current social policy regarding disabled people, it is necessary to develop an individual approach to determining targeted social support for a disabled person, taking into account his microsocial environment - the family.
• 3. The low educational and professional status of such disabled people requires special programs for vocational training and retraining, as well as to improve their education and qualifications.
• 4. A significant (over a quarter) proportion of disabled people of the first, most severe, group, as well as the extremely high mortality rate among young disabled people (exceeding by 3 or more times the mortality rate of non-disabled people at these ages) requires a special medical rehabilitation program.

Social work with young disabled people is built on the basis of a system of social protection of the population, the purpose of which is to provide disabled people with opportunities to realize civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with generally accepted principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The main tasks of social protection of disabled people:

• -to develop as much as possible the individual abilities and moral and volitional qualities of disabled people, encouraging them to be independent and take personal responsibility for everything;
• -promote the achievement of mutual understanding between the disabled person and the social environment;
• -carry out work to prevent socially undesirable phenomena;
• -promote the dissemination of information about the rights and benefits of people with disabilities, responsibilities and opportunities of social services;
• -provide advice on legal aspects of social policy.

Thus, disability is a social phenomenon that no society can avoid, and each state, in accordance with its level of development, priorities and capabilities, forms a social and economic policy towards people with disabilities. It should be taken into account that the scale of disability depends on many factors, such as: the state of health of the nation, the development of the healthcare system, socio-economic development, the state of the ecological environment, historical and political reasons, in particular, participation in wars and military conflicts, etc. In Russia, all of these factors have a pronounced negative orientation, which predetermines a significant spread of disability in society.

THE PROBLEM OF SOCIALIZATION OF YOUNG DISABLED PEOPLE IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Annotation
This article examines the problems faced by young people with disabilities. The article also discusses the process of socialization of young disabled people.

THE PROBLEM OF SOCIALIZATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Ismailova Hava Alikovna
Chechen State University
3rd year student, Faculty of Law, specialty “Social work”

Abstract
In this article problems with which young people face limited opportunities are considered. And also in the article process of socialization of young disabled people is considered.

According to various statistical studies, the number of young people with disabilities is gradually growing. Disability is not only a problem of a certain circle of “inferior people”, but a problem of the entire society as a whole. The most acute problems of disability among young people are associated with the emergence of numerous social barriers that do not allow people with disabilities to actively participate in the life of society.

Young people, from the point of view of social relations, are distinguished by the fact that childhood and adolescence constitute the main, defining stage of the process of human socialization. Socialization is one of the main factors in a young person’s entry into adulthood, the process of joining social life, which consists in a person’s assimilation of a system of knowledge, values, norms, attitudes, patterns of behavior inherent in a given society, social community, group. It is in the process of socialization that an individual becomes a person capable of functioning in a given society.

However, the socialization of disabled people, especially disabled children, is a system and process of restoring the disabled person’s abilities for independent social and family activities. It should be noted that initially, assistance to this category of children in all countries, including Russia, developed in the form of the creation of specialized educational institutions, as a result of which the isolation of children with disabilities in society gradually increased. Rehabilitation centers consider their main task to be the adaptation of children with disabilities in the process of socialization, ensuring the comfortable state of their parents, the formation of an adequate attitude among the population towards children with disabilities and the integration of these children into modern society. Many disabled people are completely dependent on their parents. These are those who cannot move independently and take care of themselves. The opportunity to study and work creates conditions for self-expression and self-realization of people with disabilities, and also contributes to solving the most important life problems: social and professional rehabilitation, social adaptation, and improving the standard of living of an individual’s family. Active work helps young disabled people overcome the awareness of their inferiority and consider themselves full-fledged members of society. Unfortunately, many people who acquire a profession cannot find a corresponding job. Even if they get a job, it is not in their specialty or for a low-paid job. One of the main problems of young people with disabilities is the problem of obtaining a profession that would provide them with the opportunity to work. An extensive network of institutions for the professional development of youth has been created, which includes a combination of executive authorities and rehabilitation institutions; vocational guidance and employment centers; educational institutions and social assistance centers. But in practice, unfortunately, the implementation of the main directions of professional development of a young person with disabilities faces many problems. One of the problems is the lack of pedagogical, psychological and social support for students with disabilities. The process of socialization and adaptation is known to be slow in young people with disabilities.

Another problem of socialization of young people with disabilities is the problem of establishing interpersonal relationships or contacts. For young people, this is an acute problem, because those around them treat them differently: for example, some simply do not notice them or try not to notice them, while others try to help and support them. The only place where they feel most comfortable is their parental family.

An important factor in the socialization of the personality of young people with physical health problems is training in educational institutions. In this environment, interpersonal communication is possible not only in the classroom learning process of an academic discipline, but also at an informal level, outside of class.

Young disabled people studying in educational institutions face various problems. Thus, many educational institutions are not equipped with ramps, devices for teaching the visually impaired and the blind, and hearing aids, adapted computers, there are no elevators, rest rooms for the disabled, and often no first-aid post. In computer classrooms, special techniques are not used to compensate for visual or hearing defects. For example, there are very few people with disabilities diagnosed with cerebral palsy in professional institutions, because they physically cannot reach classrooms on the second or higher floors on their own. Young people with spinal problems are forced to spend their entire lives within the four walls of their homes. The big problem for such disabled people is that doorways and elevators are too small for wheelchairs, stairs are almost never equipped with platforms for lowering wheelchairs or any lifting devices; The entire urban transport system is not adapted for people with disabilities.

When considering the features of adaptation of young people with disabilities, it should be borne in mind that the degree of a person’s adaptation to living conditions largely depends on the psychological-volitional component, on the psychological readiness to “find oneself” and “take one’s place in life.”

Analyzing the problems of adaptation of young people with disabilities, we can note the main ways to increase the adaptation processes of young people with disabilities:

Development of public and state rehabilitation programs for young disabled people;

Creation of specialized rehabilitation centers that would solve problems of social assistance, as well as communication and mutual assistance; formation of an open sociocultural space, attraction of volunteers, students of psychological and pedagogical specialties as social workers;

Carrying out work on professional self-determination of young disabled people based on existing knowledge about their own psychological characteristics, taking into account self-development programs.

Society has faced people with disabilities and the need, one way or another, to solve the many problems that they face throughout its history. As humanity socially and morally “matured,” public views and sentiments changed significantly regarding who disabled people are, what place they should occupy in social life, and how society can and should build its system of relationships with them. An analysis of the history of social mores and ideas suggests that these views changed as follows.

The first idea of ​​how the healthy and strong could and should treat the physically weakened and inferior members of society was the idea of ​​their physical destruction. This was explained, first of all, by the extremely low level of economic development of society, which did not allow supporting those who could not make a feasible contribution to providing for the tribe, clan and family. Subsequently, such ideas were consolidated by other factors, for example, religious and political. This attitude of society towards the disabled, seriously ill and simply physically weak people lasted for quite a long time. Even in late antiquity one can find echoes of these ideas.

As society develops socially and spiritually, its ideas about man and people change. The emergence and spread of Christianity leads to changes in ideas about the value of human life. However, it is too early to talk about full and unconditional recognition of equal rights for disabled people as healthy people. Medieval society was characterized by the idea of ​​disabled people as “cursed by God,” which became the basis for the formation of ideas of social isolation of disabled people and hostility towards them.

The next step in the development of ideas about the attitude towards disabled people on the part of healthy people is the idea of ​​​​the need to attract them to work, if only in order to give disabled people the opportunity to earn a living and, partially, remove this “burden” from society. To a certain extent, these ideas are still quite widespread and authoritative in the public and mass consciousness today.

The modern stage of social development is characterized by the formation and rooting in the public consciousness of the understanding that disability cannot and should not be a basis for social isolation and, especially, for social discrimination of a person. Today, in society, the point of view is becoming increasingly authoritative, according to which constant and effective work on the social reintegration and resocialization of persons with disabilities is necessary. Today, society views the problems of disabled people not only as problems of narrow group significance, but as problems that affect the entire society, as universally, socially significant.

The main reasons for this genesis of social thought and public sentiment are:

Increasing the level of social maturity of society and improving and developing its material, technical and economic capabilities;

Increasing intensity of development of human civilization and the use of human resources, which, in turn, leads to a sharp increase in the social “price” of many disorders in human life.

The most important causes and factors of disability in modern society are:

Poverty;

Low level of healthcare development;

Harmful and dangerous working conditions;

Failed socialization process;

Conflicting norms and values ​​and others.

The sociogenic nature of the causes of disability also gives rise to a lot of problems for this category of people. The main and main one among them is the problem of numerous social barriers that do not allow people with disabilities to actively engage in the life of society and fully participate in it.

The UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted in December 1971 and ratified by most countries of the world, gives the following definition of the concept of “disabled person”: this is any person who cannot independently provide fully or partially his needs for a normal social and personal life due to a disability physical or mental capabilities. This definition can be considered as a basic one, which is the basis for developing those ideas about people with disabilities and disability that are inherent in specific states and societies.

In modern Russian legislation, the following definition of the concept of a disabled person has been adopted - “a person who has a health impairment with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to limitation of life activity and necessitating his social protection.”

Thus, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the basis for providing a disabled person with a certain amount of social assistance is the restriction of his life activity system, i.e., the complete or partial loss of a person’s ability to self-service, move, orientate, control his behavior and engage in work.

Disability is a term that combines various impairments, limitations on activity and possible participation in society. Disorders are problems that occur in the functions or structures of the body; activity restrictions are difficulties experienced by a person in performing any tasks or actions; while participation limitations are the problems experienced by a person when engaging in life situations. Thus, disability is a complex phenomenon that reflects the interaction of the characteristics of the human body and the characteristics of the society in which this person lives.

The organization of a system of social assistance, support and protection of people with disabilities requires taking into account the “internal” characteristics of this category of people: age, ability to work, ability to move, etc. This defines the main types of disability, which pose quite specific tasks for social workers, doctors, teachers and other specialists. Types of disability can be distinguished and analyzed on a number of grounds.

According to age characteristics:

Disabled children and disabled adults.

By origin of disability:

Disabled people from childhood, war, labor, general illness, etc.

According to the ability to move:

Mobile, immobile and immobile.

By degree of work ability:

Those who are able to work (disabled people of the 3rd group), those with limited ability to work and temporarily disabled (disabled people of the 2nd group), those who are disabled (disabled people of the 1st group).

In accordance with this intra-group stratification of people with disabilities as a social category, society develops and implements appropriate social policies aimed at protecting the interests of this group of people. The main objective of social policy in relation to people with disabilities is to provide them with equal opportunities with all citizens to realize their rights and freedoms, eliminate restrictions in their life activities, and create conditions for a normal and fulfilling life. The solution to this problem involves relying on certain fundamental foundations. The basic principles of implementing social policy regarding people with disabilities include:

Social partnership, joint activities for social support and protection of people with disabilities by both state and non-state organizations (public, religious, political);

Social solidarity, which involves the formation and education of healthy and able-bodied citizens to help and support people with disabilities;

Participation aimed at involving people with disabilities themselves in the development of appropriate social and government programs and in solving their own problems;

Social compensation, creating an accessible and comfortable living environment for people with disabilities, providing them with certain benefits and advantages compared to other members of society;

State and public guarantees, suggesting that, regardless of their economic, socio-political and technological state, society and the state will never abandon people with disabilities to their fate and will not deny them social support and assistance.

As noted above, modern society is poorly adapted for the normal and comfortable life of people with disabilities. Along with purely material and material restrictions, people with disabilities have many difficulties in accessing such social opportunities and benefits as obtaining a prestigious education, highly paid jobs that are in demand on the labor market, and the opportunity to be elected to local government or state authorities. As a result, a disabled person is forced to isolate himself in a rather limited environment, which gives rise to additional problems and difficulties, which social work technologies with this category of the population are aimed at overcoming. The main purposes of their use are:

Overcoming a person's state of helplessness;

Assistance in adapting to new conditions of existence and life;

Formation of a new, adequate living environment for a disabled person;

Restoration and compensation of lost human capabilities and

Functions

These goals determine social technologies that can be used for effective social support and assistance to people with disabilities.

Firstly, it is a technology of social rehabilitation, which makes it possible to restore lost functions, capabilities and psychological state and, if possible, return a person to a normal, full and active life. The system of social rehabilitation of disabled people includes such varieties as medical and social, psychological and pedagogical, socio-economic, professional and domestic rehabilitation. The implementation of these types of social rehabilitation allows not only to cure a person and overcome, completely or partially, physical infirmity and weakness, but also to form in him ideas about the need to lead an active life, a new system of labor and professional skills, an adequate everyday and objective environment of existence and to overcome the psychological consequences injury, injury or illness.

Secondly, this is a technology of social security, which represents the participation of the state in the maintenance of its citizens, including people with disabilities, when, for socially significant reasons, they do not have independent means of subsistence, or receive them in an amount insufficient to meet the necessary needs.

Thirdly, this is the technology of social services, i.e., activities for organizing and implementing work aimed at meeting the needs of a disabled person for various social services. In the structure of social assistance, we can distinguish such elements as systematic care for a disabled person, assistance in obtaining the necessary social services, in vocational training and employment, in obtaining an education, assistance in organizing leisure and communication, etc. This social technology is closely related to the technology of providing social assistance, which is one-time or short-term actions aimed at eliminating or neutralizing critical and negative life situations.

Social assistance can be provided to a disabled person as emergency or urgent, in the form of social or socio-medical patronage, in hospitals, homes or day care centers and at home.

In modern science, there are a significant number of approaches to theoretical understanding of the problems of social rehabilitation. The term rehabilitation comes from the Late Latin rehabilitatio (re - again, again, habilitas - ability, fitness) and means restoration of ability, fitness. There is no unambiguous definition of this concept.

The semantic load of the concept of “rehabilitation” implies a goal and a process, a method and a result, a concept and a system. Thus, rehabilitation as a process includes activities and steps aimed at achieving specific goals. Rehabilitation as the restoration of ability and fitness is also the goal of this process. Rehabilitation can also be considered as a method, that is, a way to achieve a goal. Rehabilitation is also the result that is achieved in the process of restoration activities.

Historically, the content of the concepts of “disabled person” and “social rehabilitation of disabled people” has changed repeatedly. The term “disabled person” goes back to the Latin root (valid - effective, full-fledged, powerful) and literally means “unfit”, “inferior”. In ancient times, a person with anatomical defects was considered disabled.

In the Middle Ages, this symptom was supplemented by mental disorders, and in the 20th century, disability was identified with impaired body function and loss of ability to work.

Currently, social rehabilitation of people with disabilities includes a set of measures aimed at restoring the social connections and relationships that have been destroyed or lost by an individual due to health problems. The goal of social rehabilitation is to restore the social status of the individual, ensure social adaptation in society, achieve material independence, and the fastest and most complete restoration of the ability to socially function.

Understanding the process of social rehabilitation requires consideration of those fundamental, basic processes that introduce people into society, make them capable of participating in social life, or doom individuals to maladjustment and loneliness. The mechanism for including an individual into a social community is known as socialization.

Socialization can be considered as the entry of an individual into society, his introduction to social life. In this process, the inseparability of the dual nature of man, the dualism of the biological and the social, is realized. The introduction of social principles into the biological basis of the human personality includes three elements: education as the purposeful transmission of social values, unconscious perception (internationalization) of social information, the formation of character, emotional structure and other personality traits.

Socialization is a multifaceted process of familiarization with human culture and the life of society, the assimilation of its norms, rules, knowledge; occurs both in conditions of spontaneous influence of various circumstances of life in society, and in conditions of education - the purposeful formation of personality.

Social adaptation is a specially organized process or system of measures aimed at adapting a person in a difficult life situation to the rules and norms of behavior accepted in society and the environment around him by restoring lost functions and social connections.

To conduct the research, it is also necessary to pay attention to the following concepts and definitions:

Disability group – is established for persons recognized as disabled, depending on the degree of impairment of body functions and limitations in life activity (three disability groups are established); Persons under the age of 18 are assigned the category “disabled child”.

Limitation of the vital activity system is a complete or partial loss of a person’s ability to self-care, movement, orientation, control of one’s behavior and employment.

People with special needs are people who, due to certain problems, physical and mental disorders, cannot fully participate in the activities of social institutions and receive the support they are entitled to without the intervention of professionals and other helpers.

Disability refers to social harm to an individual resulting from limited bodily functions or disability that prevents the ability to perform a role that is considered normal (depending on age, gender, social and cultural factors).

Social needs are objectively expressed needs and types of interest of social subjects in something necessary for normal life and successful development.

Intellectual defect is an irreversible impairment of thinking (mental retardation).

Mental retardation is a violation of general development, mental and intellectual, caused by a deficiency of the central nervous system, and is persistent and irreversible.

In modern Russia, people with disabilities are among the most vulnerable people. In the media, there is a lot of discussion about the infringement of the rights of sexual minorities, or conflicts on ethnic grounds, but it is not customary to talk much about people with disabilities. We don't seem to have any disabled people. Indeed, it is difficult to meet a person in a wheelchair or a blind person on the street. The point here is not that we have few people with disabilities, it’s just that our cities are not adapted for such people. A disabled person in Russia does not have the opportunity to work normally, move around normally and lead a full life. Today I want to tell you about an amazing center where young disabled people study. Unfortunately, this is the only such center in all of Moscow.

“The Center for Leisure and Creativity for Youth “Russia” opened in 1990, and 2 years ago it was reconstructed. Now there are wide ramps leading into the center building; disabled people can climb to the third floor using special lifts. In the courtyard there are bright sports fields for mini-football, basketball, volleyball, which can easily be converted for play by the disabled. For example, basketball baskets are lowered - especially for wheelchair users. After reconstruction, “Russia” least of all resembles the old kindergarten in whose building the center was located.

As Tatyana Prostomolotova, director of the Center for Leisure and Creative Youth, said, disabled people come here from all over Moscow and even the Moscow region. Anyone can visit the center - place of residence does not matter, the main thing is to get there. Approximately 150-160 disabled people and 400 ordinary children from the surrounding Perovo district study here. They get there - some by metro, some by their own transport, but the center also has its own car for delivering disabled people from remote areas. The center operates a “Volunteer Service”. These are eight youth organizations that are ready at any time to organize support for events involving people with disabilities.

01. There are 12 experimental sites - leisure, sports and games. The building has two elevators for wheelchair users.

02. It’s clean and “fun” inside. Of course, this design is not very close to me, the main thing is that everything is done with high quality.

03. Everything here is adapted for people with disabilities. A white circle - for those who have difficulty seeing, it marks the beginning of the floor. Also, these circles are duplicated with bright indicators.

04. Evacuation scheme for the blind and visually impaired.

05. The doors are all 90 centimeters wide so that strollers can easily pass through them. There are special halls in the corridors for people in wheelchairs.

06. Special equipment for people with disabilities. On the right is a Braille monitor. Also, a special system sounds through headphones everything that happens on the monitor.

07. Denis, the head of the first Moscow integration center "Sports billiards for young disabled people", showed a class in playing billiards.

08. There are two billiard tables in the center. The guys are supported by both the Moscow government and the professional community.

09. In addition to people with disabilities, ordinary children go to the center. This helps people with disabilities adapt faster and lead a full life outside the center.

10. Music class. Drums and tambourines, synthesizers and dozens of other musical instruments for every taste. Mostly hearing-impaired children study here.

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13. Studio of historical costume and beadwork.

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15. Last year, an icon created by the hands of the students was presented to Patriarch Kirill.

16. It takes about a year to make one costume! Here they master all beading techniques and even create new ones.

17. But I was especially struck by the work of the ceramics school and pottery studio. There are kilns and a potter's wheel here. Children with cerebral palsy, mental retardation, Down syndrome work here...

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20. “Our main mission,” says Tatyana Vladimirovna, “is to introduce young disabled people to active social and professional life through creativity. The center employs 60 employees - psychologists, teachers, specialists in working with youth - to provide assistance to young disabled people.”

21. Young disabled people come to the center from the age of 4 to 32. After the age of 32, people usually either settle down and live a normal life, or go to other adult centers.

22. Works of pupils.

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24. Exhibition of works by students. Soon the Rossiya center plans to open an online store and sell some of its works. Discos and costume balls are also held here. The 1812 Christmas ball will take place in December. Discos are held mainly for the hearing impaired.

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26. There is also a theater here.

27. The director himself is deaf, they act here without words.

28. And there is also such a magical relaxation room.

29. A gym equipped with exercise equipment specially adapted for wheelchair users.

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31. There is a children's playground outside.

32. This is probably the only playground for disabled people in Moscow.

This center, opened under the auspices of the city department of family and youth policy, is also unique because it develops methods for organizing leisure and creativity for people with disabilities in Moscow. But, of course, one center is not enough for a city of ten million. Such centers should be in every district of Moscow and in all major cities of Russia. Disabled people should have the opportunity to lead a full life, work, relax, go to the cinema and meet with friends. Now for people with disabilities, any of this action is a big test. It would be good if society and human rights activists would pay more attention to the problems of people with disabilities, who now seem to not exist.

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