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Cheap medicine for conjunctivitis. Review of eye drops for the treatment of different types of conjunctivitis

Eye drops for conjunctivitis are prescribed by a doctor only after he finds out the cause of the disease.
It is known that conjunctivitis is a disease characterized by an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the eye.

Inflammation can be viral or bacterial in nature, or develop under the influence of an allergen.

Eye drops for conjunctivitis

In order to make it clear why in each specific case certain drugs for conjunctivitis should be prescribed, let’s look at what groups they are divided into.

Group of antibacterial agents. Used in cases where the infection is bacterial in nature. Its characteristic feature is purulent secretion. The causative agents are bacteria pneumococci, staphylococci and streptococci.
Group of antiviral agents. In this case, the nature of the disease is viral. Manifests itself in swelling of the eyelids. A clear viscous liquid is released from the eyes, not very abundant, but unpleasant. The causative agent is adenovirus and enterovirus.
Group of antimycotic agents. Drugs are prescribed if the cause of the disease is fungi. Films of a grayish or yellowish tint appear on the eyes, and pus is released. The causative agents are mold, yeast and actinomycetes.
Group of antihistamines. The medicine is prescribed if conjunctivitis is caused by allergens, for example, chemicals, pollen, or animal hair. Signs of a disease caused by allergens are severe itching and runny nose.

Let's consider popular medications used in the treatment of conjunctivitis of various natures in adults.

"Aktipol" - has an antiviral and antioxidant effect.

Has a regenerating effect. The medicine is developed on the basis of the active substance - para-aminobenzoic acid, which is an interferon inducer.

"Ophthalmoferon" contains alpha-2 interferon. The medicine has an antiviral effect, improves immunity, and relieves pain on the eyelids.

"Albucid" is an excellent means of combating bacterial conjunctivitis. This popular drug perfectly suppresses chlamydia, gonococci, streptococci and staphylococci. Another name for the drug is sulfacetamide. The active ingredient in the drops is also called. The solution can be 20% or 30% percent.

"Tobrex" is a drug containing the active substance antibiotic tobramycin. The drug has a wide range of uses, perfectly fights staphylococci and streptococci, suppresses diphtheria and E. coli.

Drops to combat conjunctivitis of fungal etiology are prepared individually, according to prescriptions from an ophthalmologist.

The drops contain antimycotic drugs, such as:

amphotericin is an antimycotic drug that can destroy fungal membranes;
Fluconazole is a synthetic drug that inhibits the proliferation of fungi.

The dosage and combination of components of such drops is prescribed by the doctor based on the severity of the disease and the degree of sensitivity to antimycotic agents.

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

As noted above, the disease can have a different nature, so drops should be prescribed depending on the type of conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis manifests itself quickly in humans.

Immediately after contact with allergens, signs of eye inflammation appear. It is typical for this type of disease that both eyes become red and inflamed at once.

The mechanism of action of drops from conjunctivitis in the allergic form is aimed at preventing the release of substances that provoke the manifestation of the disease.

Ophthalmologists prescribe to patients:

Allergodil is a medicine that acts for a long period of time. The drug blocks the production of histamine, a hormone that provokes allergic reactions. The medicine can be used for a long course of treatment (possibly up to 6 months). The drug is well tolerated, drops can be used all year round with short breaks.
Opatanol is an excellent antiallergen. Drops block the work of biological components that are involved in the development of allergies. The drug acts directly on the eyes and does not penetrate the circulatory system. The effect of instillation can occur within a couple of days - swelling disappears, itching and burning stops, redness disappears.
Cromohexal - drops that relieve allergic manifestations. The medicine is able to prevent the release of mediators that provoke inflammatory processes in the membrane of the eyes. Drops are prescribed for exacerbations and severe allergic manifestations. Ophthalmologists prescribe the drug as a prophylactic against allergic conjunctivitis. Pregnancy and breastfeeding are periods when drops are not prescribed. During the entire period of exacerbation, taking these drops is indicated.

Antiviral drugs for pathology

Antiviral drugs for the eyes contain interferons. They have a neutralizing effect on viruses. Viral infections are often accompanied by bacterial ones.

Therefore, when examining a patient, a doctor often prescribes a comprehensive treatment option, which includes antibacterial and antiviral drugs.

Such drugs include:

Aktipol, which is para-aminobenzoic acid in solution. It has a stimulating effect on the production of interferon, fights viral infections, works as a regenerating drug and is an antioxidant. It is necessary to drip during the week from 3 to 8 times during the day. The dose is 2 drops.
Ophthalmoferon contains human interferon. The drops contain diphenhydramine, which helps eliminate the inflammatory process. The drops perfectly fight viruses, suppress the action of microbes, and have an analgesic effect. Regular use of ophthalmoferon helps accelerate the regeneration of eye tissue. During an exacerbation, it is recommended to take a drop up to 8 times a day. Intensive therapy is indicated for up to 5 days.
Poludan is polyriboadenylic acid in solution. This composition of the drug effectively fights adenoviral infections and conjunctivitis of herpetic nature. The drug helps induce the synthesis of cytokines, the production of interferon in the blood, and the formation of tear fluid. It is an excellent means of fighting viruses and has an immunomodulatory effect. Application is possible up to 8 times a day, but only in the acute stage. Conventional treatment involves using the drug 3-4 times during the day. You can use the medicine for up to 10 days.

Antiviral drops are contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to any component of the drug. Before instillation, be sure to carefully study the attached instructions.

Features of using drops in pregnant women

Expectant mothers often worry if they have health problems. When symptoms of conjunctivitis appear during pregnancy, the anxiety of a pregnant woman is understandable.

Experts explain to expectant mothers that this disease will not harm the child.

As for medicines, their use requires caution. Drugs entering the bloodstream can have a negative effect on the baby’s intrauterine development.

Women preparing to become mothers should know that conjunctivitis in infants is difficult to cure. The baby can get an infection during childbirth. Most often this is chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Pregnant women should monitor the condition of their eyes and not self-medicate if signs of illness appear.

Expectant mothers are prescribed the following treatment:

if the disease is viral in nature, then Interferon or medications based on it are recommended for treatment;
if the pathogen is identified - herpes, then Acyclovir eye ointment is additionally prescribed;
if the nature is bacterial, then rinsing the mucous membrane with a furatsilin solution (boric acid of 2% concentration is possible) and Tobrex drops are prescribed;
if the nature of the disease is allergic, then the same drops are prescribed, and in addition Suprastin.

Video

Medical prescription for children

Inflammatory processes of the eyes in children have their own characteristics and require a special approach. The most effective for conjunctivitis are eye drops.

They are quite easy to use - it is not difficult to instill drops even for infants.

The pharmaceutical market offers a wide range of drugs for the treatment of this disease in children. Their difference is in the degree of impact on pathogens. Prescriptions for children can only be made by a doctor.

Parents should understand that each type of infection is treated with its own remedy. If the drops do not help, then the nature of the disease has been incorrectly determined.

Parents should not self-medicate their baby. Eye drops must be prescribed by a doctor. Depending on the etiology of the infection, children (including newborns) are prescribed the safest drugs.

For bacterial conjunctivitis, Albucid is prescribed. The medicine is considered the most effective and safe in treating the disease in children.

Albucid is a sulfonamide derivative. Successful in the fight against bacteria and microbes. May affect chlamydia and E. coli.

Its undoubted advantages are:

safety, even when used in infants;
affordability;
Drops can even be placed in the nose.

When instilled, a slight burning sensation may occur.

Children are prescribed Floxal. Drops with the active ingredient ofloxalin, which is an antibiotic. These drops do not cause a burning or tingling sensation when used.

The effect is achieved quickly. But the price of this drug is quite high. If the bottle is opened, the drug can be used for only 6 weeks.

Levomycetin and tobrex to fight infection

Tobrex and chloramphenicol drops contain antibiotics. Levomethicin has a wide spectrum of action.

The advantage is that it does not sting the eyes when instilled. The disadvantage is that it can cause severe allergies.

It can be prescribed to children, but with a high degree of caution. Tobrex also belongs to the group of antibiotics. Its purpose is to fight bacteria. Effective against infection with various intestinal bacteria.

You can use it without fear that there will be a burning sensation in the eyes. The high price is justified by the effectiveness of the impact.

Should be prescribed with caution to people prone to allergic reactions.

An effective drug with the antibiotic Tsipromed

Tsipromed is an antibacterial drug that belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones. Ophthalmologists use it topically. Actively fights the simplest microorganisms that provoke conjunctivitis.

Used after ophthalmological operations as a prophylactic against conjunctivitis.

Drops 0.3% (contain the active ingredient ciprofloxacin 3 mg per 1 ml). Produced in 5 ml. Packaging: dropper bottle.

Pharmacology: in accordance with the instructions, local application does not cause allergies and is not toxic. About 30% enters the bloodstream. It is prohibited to use while breastfeeding, since traces of the drug are traced in samples of mother's milk.

Effective in 10-15 minutes. Effectiveness lasts 6 hours. Recommended in case of infection with microorganisms that are sensitive to this product.

Only the doctor makes the appointment.

Drop Sulfacyl Sodium

Sulfacyl sodium is a widely known eye drop. They have an antimicrobial effect.

Sulfacyl sodium has a single dosage form of eye drops, which is an aqueous solution (sterile).

The drug is available in various packaging - these are tubes or bottles equipped with droppers. Such packaging is convenient to use. The drug is also available in glass containers.

But they rarely release it in such packaging because it is inconvenient to use. To instill from such bubbles you need a pipette.

Containers have different volumes. There is 1 ml, which is convenient to use for isolated cases. 5 ml are bottles with droppers, but 10 ml can also be found in dark glass vials.

The active substance is sodium sulfacetamide monohydrate, more often even pharmacists call it for short - sulfacetamide or sodium sulfacetamide. Another name for this drug is Albucid.

All of these options are the names of one medicine. It was the chemical “name” that became the name of this product.

The effectiveness of Floxal eye drops

Floxal is an antibacterial drug. Its base is ofloxacin. The range of applications is quite diverse. Successfully used in the suppression of microorganisms, staphylococci and streptococci.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes is a disease that progresses rapidly and requires immediate treatment. In this case, medicine for conjunctivitis will help. It will help get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of the disease in the form of burning, pain, tearing and redness of the organs of vision, as well as eliminate the cause of conjunctivitis and prevent the development of complications.

Instructions for use

Conjunctivitis in adults and children can be caused by a bacterial infection, allergy, virus, or fungus. It is manifested by a burning sensation, stinging, profuse tearing, redness of the visual organs, and in case of a disease of bacterial origin, pus is released from the eyes. When these symptoms appear, it is recommended to drip eye drops for conjunctivitis. Additionally, a correctly selected treatment regimen includes medicinal ointments and saline solution for washing the eyes. They eliminate the manifestations of the disease and the cause of its occurrence. They also prevent the development of complications in the form of a permanent decrease in visual acuity.

Forms of funds

There are several forms of medications for the treatment of inflammation of the conjunctiva:

Eye drops. They are available in the form of a solution in a bottle with a dispenser. They are used for all types of disease at any stage.
Eye washes. They are prescribed to relieve inflammation of the eyelids and remove purulent discharge from the organs of vision. The procedure can be done with pharmaceutical saline solution or traditional medicines in the form of chamomile or calendula infusion.
Eye ointments. This type of medicine should be placed in small strips into the conjunctival sac. When treating conjunctivitis with ointments, eye drops are additionally used.
Pills. In this form, an antibiotic is prescribed for bacterial conjunctivitis.

Types of medications

Antibacterial

Okomistin drops are an antibacterial medicine that relieves inflammation.

These eye medications for conjunctivitis are used in the form of drops or ointments with a broad spectrum of action. The tablet form of the drug is used only in severe cases of the disease. Antibiotic drops relieve inflammation and destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause the disease. The best medications of this type:

Antiviral

Droplets of viral origin. They increase the patient’s immunity, reduce the risk of complications, eliminate unpleasant symptoms of the disease and prevent the development of relapse. The composition includes interferon, which prevents the proliferation of viruses. Good antiviral drugs:

"Viferon";
"Ophthalmoferon";
"Poludan."

Antimycotic

Amphotericin will relieve redness, burning and inflammatory discharge from the eyes.

Eye drops for conjunctivitis caused by a fungus. These drugs eliminate symptoms such as redness of the organs of vision, burning and discharge of grayish or yellowish fluid from the eyes. To effectively treat a fungal disease, therapy is carried out comprehensively, using different forms of antifungal drugs. The treatment regimen includes the following:

"Fluconazole".

In most cases, antimycotic drops for fungal conjunctivitis are prepared individually.

Antihistamines

This type of medication is used for conjunctivitis of allergic origin. The main symptoms of which are severe itching, burning and redness of the organs of vision. Antihistamines relieve the symptoms of the disease well, but do not eliminate the cause of the disease. The best anti-allergy drops are “Allergodil”.

Anti-inflammatory

Prescribed to relieve the inflammatory process in the complex therapy of non-infectious conjunctivitis. List of effective anti-inflammatory drops:

"Diclofenac";
"Naklof."

Regenerating agents

Taufon is used to improve blood circulation and accelerate healing processes.

Used for conjunctivitis to accelerate healing processes, normalize metabolism and improve blood circulation in the organs of vision. The list of medications includes:

"Vizin";
"Irifrin";
"Emoxipin".

List of drugs

The table shows the most popular medicinal drops for conjunctivitis in adults and children:

Type of drugs	Titles
Antibacterial	"Albucid"
	"Floxal"
	"Tsipromed"
	"Levomycetin"

Antihistamines	"Allergodil"
	"Cromohexal"
	"Histimet"
	"Opatanol"
	"Lecrolin"
Antiviral	"Ophthalmoferon"
	"Interferon-alpha"
	"Poludan"
	"Aktipol"
	"Oftan Idu"
Antimycotic
	"Fluconazole"
	"Miramistin"

	"Natamycin"
Restorative
	"Irifrin"
	"Vizin"
	"Emoxipin"
	"Quinax"
Anti-inflammatory	"Indocollier"
	"Diclofenac"
	"Dexamethasone"
	"Naklof"
	"Sofradex"

Characteristics of the most used

Tsiprolet is used for blepharitis, meibomitis and other bacterial diseases.

Drops against conjunctivitis of bacterial origin. It is also indicated for use in blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, meibomitis, corneal ulcers and after surgical interventions on the visual organs to prevent infection by pathogenic microorganisms. After taking Tsiprolet, side effects may occur in the form of lacrimation, burning, itching and a short-term decrease in visual acuity. During pregnancy, lactation, viral eye diseases and children under one year of age, taking the medication is prohibited.

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, provoked by various pathogenic factors. In general, the correct name for the disease is conjunctivitis, however, it is often known only to doctors and nurses. In everyday life, the term “conjunctivitis” is most often used to refer to the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye. In the text of the article we will use precisely the wrong term, but one that is familiar to people far from medical science.

Classification

In general, the term “conjunctivitis” is not the name of the disease, but reflects only the localization of the inflammatory process - the mucous membrane of the eye. In order to obtain the full name of the disease, it is necessary to add the designation of the causative factor to the term “conjunctivitis” or indicate the nature of the inflammatory process, for example, “bacterial conjunctivitis” or “chronic conjunctivitis”, etc. The full name of the disease, which includes the cause of inflammation or its nature, is used by doctors in medical documentation. The nature and cause of inflammation of the conjunctiva should always be clarified, since correct and effective treatment depends on this.

Currently, there are a number of classifications of conjunctivitis, each of which reflects some significant factor regarding the cause or nature of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye.

Depending on the cause that provoked inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into the following types:

Bacterial conjunctivitis is provoked by various pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria, such as streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, gonococci, diphtheria bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.;

Chlamydial conjunctivitis (trachoma) is caused by chlamydia getting into the eyes;

Angular conjunctivitis (angular) is provoked by the Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus and is characterized by a chronic course;

Viral conjunctivitis, provoked by various viruses, such as adenoviruses, herpes viruses, etc.;

Fungal conjunctivitis is provoked by various pathogenic fungi and is a particular manifestation of systemic infections, such as actinomycosis, aspergillosis, candidomycosis, spirotrichelosis;

Allergic conjunctivitis develops under the influence of any allergen or factor that irritates the mucous membrane of the eye (for example, dust, wool, varnishes, paints, etc.);

Dystrophic conjunctivitis develops under the influence of various substances that cause damage to the mucous membrane of the eye (for example, reagents, paints, industrial vapors and gases, etc.).

Chlamydial and angular (angular) conjunctivitis are special cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, however, based on certain features of the clinical course and symptoms, they are distinguished into separate varieties.

Depending on the type of inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into:

Acute conjunctivitis;

Chronic conjunctivitis.

A special case of acute conjunctivitis is epidemic, provoked by the Koch-Wicks bacillus.

Depending on the nature of inflammation and morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into the following types:

Purulent conjunctivitis, which occurs with the formation of pus;

Catarrhal conjunctivitis, occurring without the formation of pus, but with copious mucous discharge;

Papillary conjunctivitis develops against the background of an allergic reaction to eye medications and is the formation of small grains and compactions on the mucous membrane of the eye in the upper eyelid;

Follicular conjunctivitis develops according to the first type of allergic reaction and is the formation of follicles on the mucous membrane of the eye;

Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is characterized by numerous hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye;

Membranous conjunctivitis develops in children against the background of acute viral respiratory diseases.

Despite the fairly large number of varieties of conjunctivitis, any form of the disease is manifested by a set of typical symptoms, as well as a number of specific signs.

Causes

The causes of conjunctivitis are the following groups of factors that can cause inflammation in the mucous membrane of the eye:

Infectious causes:
- Pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, meningococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.);
- Viruses (adenoviruses and herpes viruses);
- Pathogenic fungi (actinomycetes, aspergillus, candida, spirotrichella);

Allergic causes (wearing contact lenses, atopic, drug-induced or seasonal conjunctivitis);

Other reasons (occupational hazards, dust, gases, etc.).

All of the listed causes of conjunctivitis cause the disease only if they manage to get into the mucous membrane of the eye. As a rule, infection occurs through dirty hands with which a person rubs or touches the eyes, as well as through airborne droplets in the case of viruses, allergens or occupational hazards. In addition, infection by pathogenic microorganisms can occur ascending from the ENT organs (nasal, oral cavity, ear, throat, etc.).

Symptoms of different types of conjunctivitis

With any type of conjunctivitis, a person develops certain nonspecific symptoms, such as:

Swelling of the eyelids;

Swelling of the mucous membrane of the eye;

Redness of the conjunctiva and eyelids;

Photophobia;

lacrimation;

Sensation of a foreign body in the eye;

Discharge of mucous, purulent or mucopurulent nature.

The above symptoms develop with any type of conjunctivitis and are therefore called nonspecific. Quite often, the symptoms of conjunctivitis are combined with symptoms of catarrh of the upper respiratory tract due to various respiratory infections, as well as fever, headache and other signs of intoxication (muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, etc.).

However, in addition to nonspecific symptoms, various types of conjunctivitis are characterized by the appearance of specific signs that are caused by the properties of the factor that causes the inflammatory process. It is the specific symptoms that make it possible to differentiate different types of conjunctivitis based on the clinical picture without special laboratory tests. Let us consider in detail what nonspecific and specific symptoms are manifested by various types of conjunctivitis.

Acute (epidemic) conjunctivitis

Currently, the term “acute conjunctivitis” refers to a disease whose full name is “acute epidemic Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis.” However, for the convenience of using the term, only part of it is taken, allowing you to understand what is being said.

Acute conjunctivitis is classified as bacterial, since it is provoked by a pathogenic bacterium - Koch-Wicks bacillus. However, since acute epidemic conjunctivitis has course features associated, first of all, with affecting a large number of people and rapid spread in the population, this type of bacterial inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye is isolated into a separate form.

Acute Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis is common in the countries of Asia and the Caucasus; in more northern latitudes it practically does not occur. The infection occurs in the form of seasonal, epidemic outbreaks mainly in the autumn and summer periods of the year. Infection with Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis occurs through contact and airborne droplets. This means that the causative agent of conjunctivitis is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through close household contacts, as well as through shared household items, dirty hands, dishes, fruits, vegetables, water, etc. Epidemic conjunctivitis is a contagious disease.

Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis begins acutely and suddenly, after a short incubation period of 1 to 2 days. Typically, both eyes are affected at the same time. Conjunctivitis begins with redness of the mucous membrane of the eyelids, which quickly covers the surface of the eyeball and transitional folds. The most severe redness and swelling develops in the area of the lower eyelid, which takes the form of a roller. Within 1–2 days, mucopurulent or purulent discharge appears in the eyes, and thin brownish films are formed, which are easily torn off and removed without damaging the mucous membrane of the eye. In addition, numerous hemorrhages in the form of dots are visible in the mucous membrane of the eye. A person is worried about photophobia, a feeling of pain or a foreign body in the eyes, lacrimation, swelling of the eyelids and redness of the entire surface of the eyeball.

In addition to epidemic Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis, doctors often use the term “acute conjunctivitis” to designate any acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, regardless of the pathogen or cause that provoked it. Acute conjunctivitis always occurs suddenly, and usually affects both eyes sequentially.
Any acute conjunctivitis with proper treatment results in recovery within 5 to 20 days.

Bacterial

It always occurs acutely and is provoked by contact with the mucous membrane of the eye of various pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria, such as staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gonococci, pneumococci, etc. Regardless of which microbe caused bacterial conjunctivitis, the inflammatory process begins suddenly with the appearance of a cloudy, viscous, grayish-yellowish discharge on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. The discharge causes the eyelids to stick together, especially after a night's sleep. In addition, a person develops dryness of the mucous membrane and skin around the inflamed eye. You may also experience pain and stinging in the eye. With bacterial conjunctivitis, as a rule, only one eye is affected, but if left untreated, inflammation can affect the second one. The most common bacterial ones are gonococcal, staphylococcal, pneumococcal, pseudomonas and diphtheritic conjunctivitis. Let us consider the features of their flow.

Staphylococcal conjunctivitis is characterized by severe redness and swelling of the eyelids, as well as copious mucopurulent discharge, which makes it difficult to open the eyes after sleep. Swelling of the eyelids is accompanied by severe itching and burning. There is photophobia and a sensation of a foreign body under the eyelid. Usually, both eyes are alternately involved in the inflammatory process. With timely treatment with local antibiotics (ointments, drops, etc.), conjunctivitis resolves within 3 to 5 days.

Gonococcal conjunctivitis (gonoblenorrhea) usually develops in newborns due to infection during passage through the birth canal of a mother infected with gonorrhea (gonorrhea). With gonococcal conjunctivitis, rapid and very dense swelling of the eyelids and mucous membrane of the eye develops. A copious mucopurulent discharge appears, having the characteristic appearance of “meat slop”. When the closed eyelids are opened, the discharge literally splashes out in a stream. As you recover, the amount of discharge decreases, it becomes thick, and films form on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye, which are easily removed without damaging the underlying tissues. After 2–3 weeks, the discharge again acquires a liquid consistency and a greenish color, completely disappearing by the end of the 2nd month of the disease. Along with the disappearance of the discharge, swelling and redness of the conjunctiva also disappear. Gonoblenorrhea requires treatment with local antibiotics until complete recovery.

Pneumococcal conjunctivitis occurs in children. The inflammation begins acutely, with one eye first affected and then the second being involved. First, profuse purulent discharge appears, combined with swelling of the eyelids, pinpoint hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye and photophobia. Films form on the conjunctiva, which are easily removed and do not damage the underlying tissue.

Pseudomonas conjunctivitis is characterized by copious purulent discharge, severe redness of the mucous membrane of the eye, swelling of the eyelids, pain, photophobia and lacrimation.
Diphtheritic conjunctivitis develops against the background of diphtheria. First, the eyelids become very swollen, red and thick. The skin is so thick that it is impossible to open the eyes. Then a cloudy discharge appears, giving way to a bloody discharge. Dirty gray films form on the mucous membrane of the eyelids and cannot be removed. When films are forcibly removed, bleeding surfaces are formed.

At about the 2nd week of the disease, the films are rejected, the swelling goes away, and the amount of discharge increases. After 2 weeks, diphtheritic conjunctivitis ends or becomes chronic. After inflammation, complications may develop, such as scars on the conjunctiva, entropion of the eyelid, etc.

Chlamydial

The disease begins with sudden onset of photophobia, which is accompanied by rapid swelling of the eyelids and redness of the eye mucosa. A scanty mucopurulent discharge appears, which sticks the eyelids together in the morning. The most pronounced inflammatory process is localized in the lower eyelid area. First, one eye is affected, but with inadequate hygiene, the inflammation spreads to the second.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis often appears in the form of epidemic outbreaks during mass visits to swimming pools. Therefore, chlamydial conjunctivitis is also called pool or bath conjunctivitis.

Viral

Conjunctivitis can be caused by adenoviruses, herpes viruses, atypical trachoma virus, measles, smallpox viruses, etc. The most common are herpetic and adenoviral conjunctivitis, which are very contagious. Therefore, patients with viral conjunctivitis should be isolated from others until complete recovery.

Herpetic conjunctivitis is characterized by severe redness, infiltration, and the formation of follicles on the mucous membrane of the eye. Thin films are often formed, which are easily removed without damaging the underlying tissue. Inflammation of the conjunctiva is accompanied by photophobia, blepharospasm and lacrimation.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis can occur in three forms:

The catarrhal form is characterized by mild inflammation. The redness of the eye is not severe, and the discharge is very scanty;

The filmy form is characterized by the formation of thin films on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. The films are easily removed with a cotton swab, but are sometimes tightly attached to the underlying surface. Hemorrhages and compactions may form in the thickness of the conjunctiva, which completely disappear after recovery;

The follicular form is characterized by the formation of small blisters on the conjunctiva.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is very often combined with a sore throat and elevated body temperature, as a result of which the disease is called adenopharyngoconjunctival fever.

Allergic

Allergic conjunctivitis, depending on the factor that provokes it, is divided into the following clinical forms:

Hay conjunctivitis, provoked by allergies to pollen, flowering plants, etc.;

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis;

Drug allergy to eye medications, manifested in the form of conjunctivitis;

Chronic allergic conjunctivitis;

Allergic conjunctivitis associated with wearing contact lenses.

The clinical form of allergic conjunctivitis is determined based on the analysis of anamnesis data. Knowing the form of conjunctivitis is necessary to select optimal therapy.

Symptoms of any form of allergic conjunctivitis include unbearable itching and burning on the mucous membrane and skin of the eyelids, as well as photophobia, lacrimation, severe swelling and redness of the eye.

Chronic

This type of inflammatory process in the conjunctiva of the eye lasts a long time, and the person presents numerous subjective complaints, the severity of which does not correlate with the degree of objective changes in the mucous membrane. A person is bothered by a feeling of heaviness in the eyelids, “sand” or “garbage” in the eyes, pain, fatigue when reading, itching and a feeling of heat. During an objective examination, the doctor notes slight redness of the conjunctiva and the presence of irregularities in it due to enlargement of the papillae. The discharge is very scanty.

Chronic conjunctivitis is provoked by physical or chemical factors that irritate the mucous membrane of the eye, for example, dust, gases, smoke, etc. Most often, chronic conjunctivitis affects people working in flour-grinding, chemical, textile, cement, brick and sawmill factories and enterprises. In addition, chronic conjunctivitis can develop in people against the background of diseases of the digestive system, nasopharynx and sinuses, as well as anemia, vitamin deficiencies, helminthic infestations, etc. Treatment of chronic conjunctivitis consists of eliminating the causative factor and restoring normal functioning of the eye.

Angular

Also called corner. The disease is caused by the Morax–Axenfeld bacillus and most often occurs chronically. A person is bothered by pain and severe itching in the corners of the eye, which intensifies in the evening. The skin in the corners of the eyes is red and cracks may appear. The mucous membrane of the eye is moderately reddish. The discharge is scanty, viscous, mucous in nature. During the night, the discharge accumulates in the corner of the eye and hardens in the form of a small dense lump. Proper treatment can completely eliminate angular conjunctivitis, and the lack of therapy leads to the fact that the inflammatory process continues for years.

Purulent

Always bacterial. With this type of conjunctivitis, a person develops copious discharge of a purulent nature in the affected eye. Purulent is gonococcal, pseudomonas, pneumococcal and staphylococcal conjunctivitis. With the development of purulent conjunctivitis, it is necessary to use local antibiotics in the form of ointments, drops, etc.

Catarrhal

It can be viral, allergic or chronic, depending on the causative factor that provoked the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye. With catarrhal conjunctivitis, a person experiences moderate swelling and redness of the eyelids and mucous membrane of the eye, and the discharge is mucous or mucopurulent. Photophobia is moderate. With catarrhal conjunctivitis, there are no hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye, the papillae do not enlarge, and follicles and films do not form. This type of conjunctivitis usually resolves within 10 days without causing severe complications.

Papillary

It is a clinical form of allergic conjunctivitis, and therefore usually lasts a long time. With papillary conjunctivitis, the existing papillae in the mucous membrane of the eye enlarge, forming irregularities and roughness on its surface. A person is usually bothered by itching, burning, pain in the eye in the eyelid area and scanty mucous discharge. Most often, papillary conjunctivitis develops due to constant wearing of contact lenses, the use of ocular prostheses, or prolonged contact of the surface of the eye with a foreign object.

Follicular

It is characterized by the appearance on the mucous membrane of the eye of grayish-pink follicles and papillae, which are infiltrates. The swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva is not severe, but the redness is pronounced. Infiltrates in the mucous membrane of the eye cause severe lacrimation and severe blepharospasm (closing of the eyelids).

Follicular conjunctivitis, depending on the type of pathogen, can be viral (adenoviral) or bacterial (for example, staphylococcal). Follicular conjunctivitis occurs actively for 2–3 weeks, after which the inflammation gradually decreases, completely disappearing within 1–3 weeks. The total duration of follicular conjunctivitis is 2 – 3 months.

Temperature with conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis almost never causes fever. However, if conjunctivitis occurs against the background of any infectious-inflammatory disease (for example, bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, acute respiratory infections, ARVI, etc.), then a person’s temperature may rise. In this case, temperature is not a sign of conjunctivitis, but of an infectious disease.

Conjunctivitis – photo

The photograph shows catarrhal conjunctivitis with moderate redness and swelling, as well as scanty mucous discharge.

The photograph shows purulent conjunctivitis with severe swelling, severe redness and purulent discharge.

What tests can a doctor prescribe for conjunctivitis?

For conjunctivitis, doctors rarely prescribe any studies or tests, since a simple examination and questioning about the nature of the discharge and existing symptoms is usually sufficient to determine the type of disease and, accordingly, prescribe the necessary treatment. After all, each type of conjunctivitis has its own characteristics that allow it to be distinguished from other types of the disease with sufficient accuracy.

However, in some cases, when it is not possible to accurately determine the type of conjunctivitis based on examination and questioning, or it occurs in an erased form, an ophthalmologist may prescribe the following studies:

Culture of discharge from the eye for aerobic microflora and determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics;
Culture of discharge from the eye for anaerobic microflora and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics;
Culture of discharge from the eye for gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics;
Determination of the presence of IgA antibodies to adenovirus in the blood;
Determination of the presence of IgE antibodies in the blood.

Culture of discharge from the eye for aerobic and anaerobic microflora, as well as gonococcus, is used to identify bacterial conjunctivitis, which is difficult to treat or cannot be treated at all. These cultures are also used for chronic bacterial conjunctivitis to determine which antibiotic will be most effective in this particular case. In addition, culture for gonococcus is used for bacterial conjunctivitis in children to confirm or refute the diagnosis of gonoblennorrhea.

An analysis to determine antibodies to adenovirus in the blood is used in cases of suspected viral conjunctivitis.

An IgE antibody test in the blood is used to confirm suspected allergic conjunctivitis.

Which doctor should I contact for conjunctivitis?

If signs of conjunctivitis appear, you should contact an ophthalmologist (ophthalmologist) or a pediatric ophthalmologist (), if we are talking about a child. If for some reason it is impossible to get an appointment with an ophthalmologist, then adults should contact therapist(), and for children - to pediatrician ().

General principles of treatment of all types of conjunctivitis

Regardless of the type of conjunctivitis, its treatment consists of eliminating the causative factor and using medications that relieve the painful symptoms of the inflammatory disease.

Symptomatic treatment aimed at eliminating the manifestations of the inflammatory disease involves the use of topical drugs that are injected directly into the eye.

When the first signs of conjunctivitis develop, it is necessary first of all to relieve pain by introducing drops containing local anesthetics, such as, for example, Pyromecaine, Trimecaine or Lidocaine, into the eye sac. After pain relief, it is necessary to clean the ciliary edge of the eyelids and the mucous membrane of the eye, washing its surface with antiseptic solutions, such as potassium permanganate, brilliant green, Furacilin (1:1000 dilution), Dimexide, Oxycyanate.

After pain relief and conjunctival sanitation, medications containing antibiotics, sulfonamides, antiviral or antihistamines are injected into the eye. In this case, the choice of drug depends on the causative factor of inflammation. If bacterial inflammation occurs, antibiotics are used. sulfonamides (for example, tetracycline ointment, Albucid, etc.).

For viral conjunctivitis, local agents with antiviral components are used (for example, Kerecid, Florenal, etc.).

For allergic conjunctivitis, it is necessary to use antihistamines, for example, drops with Diphenhydramine, Dibazol, etc.

Treatment of conjunctivitis should be carried out until the clinical symptoms disappear completely. During the treatment of conjunctivitis, it is strictly forbidden to apply any bandages to the eyes, as this will create favorable conditions for the proliferation of various microorganisms, which will lead to complications or aggravate the course of the process.

Principles of treatment at home

Viral

For adenoviral conjunctivitis, interferon preparations, such as Interferon or Laferon, are used to destroy the virus. Interferons are used in the form of instillation of a freshly prepared solution into the eye. In the first 2–3 days, interferons are injected into the eyes 6–8 times a day, then 4–5 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely. In addition, ointments with an antiviral effect, such as Tebrofenovaya, Florenalovaya or Bonaftonovaya, are applied 2-4 times a day. In case of severe inflammation of the eye, it is recommended to inject Diclofenac into the eye 3-4 times a day. In order to prevent dry eye syndrome, artificial tear substitutes are used throughout the course of treatment, for example, Oftagel, Systane, Vidisik, etc.

Herpes viral
In order to destroy the virus, interferon solutions are also used, which are prepared from lyophilized powder immediately before injection into the eye. For the first 2–3 days, interferon solutions are administered 6–8 times a day, then 4–5 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely. To reduce inflammation, relieve pain, itching and burning, Diclofenac is injected into the eye. To prevent bacterial complications in herpetic conjunctivitis, Picloxidine or a solution of silver nitrate is injected into the eyes 3 to 4 times a day.

Bacterial

During the entire course of treatment, Diclofenac should be instilled into the eyes 2–4 times a day to reduce the severity of the inflammatory process. The discharge must be removed by washing the eye with antiseptic solutions, for example, Furacilin diluted 1: 1000 or 2% boric acid. To destroy the pathogenic microbe, ointments or drops with antibiotics or sulfonamides are used, such as Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Lomefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Albucid, etc. Ointment or drops with antibiotics should be administered 4 - 6 times a day, then 2 - 3 times a day until the clinical symptoms completely disappear. Along with antibacterial ointments and drops, Picloxidine can be instilled into the eyes 3 times a day.

Chlamydial

Since chlamydia are intracellular microorganisms, treatment of the infectious and inflammatory process provoked by them requires the use of systemic medications. Therefore, for chlamydial conjunctivitis, it is necessary to take Levofloxacin 1 tablet per day for a week.

At the same time, local medications with antibiotics, such as Erythromycin ointment or Lomefloxacin drops, should be injected into the affected eye 4 to 5 times a day. The ointment and drops must be used continuously from 3 weeks to 3 months, until the clinical symptoms completely disappear. To reduce the inflammatory reaction, Diclofenac is administered into the eye 2 times a day, also for 1 to 3 months. If Diclofenac does not help stop inflammation, then it is replaced with Dexamethasone, which is also administered 2 times a day. To prevent dry eye syndrome, it is necessary to use artificial tear preparations daily, such as Oxial, Oftagel, etc.

Purulent

In case of purulent conjunctivitis, be sure to rinse the eye with antiseptic solutions (2% boric acid, Furacilin, potassium permanganate, etc.) to remove copious discharge. Eye rinsing is done as needed. Treatment of conjunctivitis consists of injecting Erythromycin, Tetracycline or Gentamicin ointment or Lomefloxacin into the eye 2 to 3 times a day until clinical symptoms completely disappear. In case of severe swelling, Diclofenac is injected into the eye to relieve it.

Allergic

To treat allergic conjunctivitis, local antihistamines (Spersallerg, Allergoftal) and agents that reduce mast cell degranulation (Lecrolin 2%, Kusikrom 4%, Alomide 1%) are used. These drugs are administered into the eyes 2 times a day for a long time. If these drugs do not completely relieve the symptoms of conjunctivitis, then anti-inflammatory drops Diclofenac, Dexalox, Maxidex, etc. are added to them. For severe allergic conjunctivitis, eye drops containing corticosteroids and antibiotics are used, for example, Maxitrol, Tobradex, etc.

Chronic

For successful treatment of chronic conjunctivitis, the cause of inflammation must be eliminated. To stop the inflammatory process, a 0.25 - 0.5% solution of zinc sulfate with a 1% solution of resorcinol is instilled into the eyes. In addition, solutions of Protargol and Collargol can be injected into the eyes 2 to 3 times a day. Before going to bed, apply yellow mercury ointment to the eyes.

Preparations (medicine) for the treatment of conjunctivitis

To treat conjunctivitis, topical medications are used in two main forms - drops and ointments, recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Also for the treatment of conjunctivitis, drops and ointments are presented in the table.

Ointments for the treatment of conjunctivitis	Drops for the treatment of conjunctivitis
Erythromycin (antibiotic)	Picloxidine (antiseptic)
Tetracycline ointment (antibiotic)	Albucid 20% (antiseptic)
Gentamicin (antibiotic)	Levomycetin drops (antibiotic)
Yellow mercury ointment (antiseptic)	Diclofenac (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
	Dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory drug)
	Olopatodine (anti-inflammatory drug)
	Suprastin
	Fenistil (anti-allergic drug)
	Oxial (artificial tear)
	Tobradex (anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent)

Folk remedies

Folk remedies can be used in the complex treatment of conjunctivitis as solutions for washing and treating the eyes. Currently, the most effective folk remedies used for conjunctivitis are the following:

Pass the dill through a meat grinder, collect the resulting pulp in cheesecloth and squeeze thoroughly to obtain clear juice. Soak a clean, soft cotton cloth in dill juice and place it on your eyes for 15 to 20 minutes when the initial signs of conjunctivitis appear;

Dilute honey with boiled water in a ratio of 1: 2 and drip the resulting solution into the eyes as needed;

Grind two teaspoons of rose hips and pour a glass of boiling water over them. Boil the berries and leave for half an hour. Strain the finished infusion, moisten a clean cloth in it and apply lotions to the eyes when pus is discharged;

Grind 10 g of plantain seeds in a mortar and pour a glass of boiling water over them, then leave for half an hour and strain. In the finished infusion, moisten a clean cloth and apply lotions to the eyes. You can also rinse your eyes with the infusion as needed;

Collect fresh datura leaves and chop them. Then pour 30 g of crushed leaves with a glass of boiling water, leave for half an hour, then strain. Use the finished infusion to make lotions.

What is the recovery treatment after conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis can cause various visual disturbances associated with damage to the mucous membrane of the eye. Therefore, after a complete recovery, a person may be bothered by periodic discomfort, which is quite treatable. Currently, ophthalmologists recommend that immediately after relief of inflammation in conjunctivitis, begin the use of local medications that accelerate healing and complete restoration of tissue structure (repairs).

Among the most effective and frequently used reparatives is Solcoseryl eye gel, made from the blood of dairy calves.

This drug activates metabolism at the cellular level, as a result of which tissue restoration occurs in a short time. In addition, the damaged structure is completely restored, which, accordingly, creates conditions for the normalization of the functions of the damaged organ, in this case the eye. Solcoseryl ensures the formation of a normal and uniform mucous membrane of the eye, which will perfectly perform its functions and will not create any subjective discomfort. Thus, restorative treatment after conjunctivitis consists of using Solcoseryl eye gel for 1 to 3 weeks.

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Active substance:

Release forms: Eye drops 0.1%. The suspension is white. Dropper bottles of 10 ml.

Dosage. Adults instill 1-2 drops into the conjunctival sac. The frequency of instillation is 4-5 times a day. After two days, the dose is increased to 3-4 drops, which are instilled 3-4 times a day for 5-6 days. Children receive 1 drop 2-3 times a day for 10 days.

Contraindications. Should not be used for viral, bacterial or - if adequate treatment is not carried out. Hypersensitivity to dexamethasone, renal failure, psychosis, chronic and other diseases - see the instructions for the drug for the full list.

Other features. After instillation, the effect lasts 4-8 hours. They are used not only for treatment, but also for the prevention of diseases. The maximum period of use of the drug is 6 weeks. Side effects - intraocular pressure increases, visual acuity decreases, and glaucoma develops.

Interferon solution

An antiviral drug created from natural alpha-interferon isolated from human leukocytes. Indicated for eye diseases - keratitis, conjunctivitis, etc.

Active substance: Interferon alpha.

Release forms:

Solution in ampoules 0.05 ml.
Powder for preparing a solution.

Dosage. Determined by the attending physician depending on the disease and its severity. Place one drop into the eyes. After each drop, you need to blink, then close your eye and wait. The course of treatment is 6 days. The first day, drop 1-2 drops 8 times a day, then 3-4 times a day, one drop.

Contraindications. Severe renal and liver dysfunction.

Other features. It is advisable to store the drug in the refrigerator. If the patient wears lenses, they should be removed before instillation.

Ophthalmic antiviral drug. Indications: keratoconjunctivitis, keratitis, as well as infectious lesions of the cornea caused by herpesvirus.

Active substance: Idoxuridine. 1 ml contains 1 mg of active substance. Contains water, boric acid, benzalkonium chloride.

Release forms: Drops in 10 ml dropper bottles. Transparent solution, odorless and colorless.

Dosage. 1 drop every hour. At night - every two hours. If improved, reduce the frequency of use by half. Course duration is up to 21 days.

Contraindications. Newborns and small children.

Other features. Allergic reactions, itching, photophobia are possible.

Drugs for bacterial conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by an acute form. This disease occurs in adults and children. The causative agents are,. The main treatment is antibiotics, for example, Tobrex, Albucid, Tsipromed and others. To enhance the therapeutic effect, it is recommended to supplement antibiotics with external agents - tetracycline or erythromycin ointment.

Antimicrobial, bactericidal and broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. Indicated for infectious and inflammatory eye diseases - blepharitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, etc., when foreign objects get into the eye.

Active substance:

Release forms: drops in a bottle of 10 ml.

Dosage. The number of drops instilled depends on the type of disease. For conjunctivitis, in the first two days, drop 1-2 drops 6-8 times a day. When the symptoms subside, drop 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 5-14 days.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity. Not recommended during pregnancy and lactation, as well as for children under 15 years of age.

Other features. Store the drug in a dark place at a temperature of 5-25°C. Allowed for use from the age of one year, not earlier. Can be used to treat otitis media. Allergic reactions are possible.

Ophthalmic drug with antiseptic effect. It has a drying, immunomodulatory and antiseptic effect. Indicated for conjunctivitis, blepharitis, urethritis, laryngitis, vaginitis.

Active substance: Zinc sulfate.

Release forms: Drops in a dropper bottle of 5 ml. This drug is also available in tablets and powder.

Dosage. Place 1-2 drops into the eye 2 times a day. The maximum period of use is 7 days.

Contraindications. Reaction to the active substance. Wearing contact lenses. During treatment, it is recommended to replace the lenses with glasses.

Other features. Side effect is allergies. In case of overdose – redness or irritation, vomiting, fever. Sold without a prescription.

Antibacterial ophthalmic drug. Indicated for keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, gonorrheal diseases.

Active substance: Sulfacetamide. Additional components - sodium thiosulfate, hydrochloric acid, purified water.

Release forms:

Dropper bottles of 5 and 10 ml.
Powder substance.

Dosage. Drop 2-3 drops into each conjunctival sac 5-6 times a day.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to sulfacetamide.

Other features. Side effects: redness, swelling, itching. Sold without a prescription. After opening the bottle, the drug should be used within a month.

Albucid 20-30%

Antibacterial drug used in ophthalmology. This drug is an analogue of the previously discussed sodium sulfacyl.

Active substance: Sulfacetamide. Additionally – sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydroxide, water.

Release forms: dropper bottles of 5 and 10 ml. The content of sulfacetamide in 1 ml is 20 or 30% in solution.

Dosage. Instill 4-6 times a day, 1-2 drops into each eye.

Contraindications. Sensitivity to components.

Other features. Side effects: burning, stinging, lacrimation, allergies. Albucid is also used for a runny nose.

Tobrex

Eye drops

Ophthalmic antimicrobial drug. Antibiotic. Indicated for conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, as well as for the prevention of infectious complications.

Active substance: Tobramycin 3.0 mg. Excipients - boric acid, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, tyloxapol, sodium hydroxide and/or sulfuric acid, purified water.

Release forms: 5 ml dropper bottles.

Dosage. If the disease is sluggish, drop 1-2 drops into the conjunctival sacs. The frequency of instillation is every 4 hours. If it is acute, drop 1-2 drops every hour. Course – 7-10 days.

Contraindications. Age up to 8 years. Hypersensitivity to tobramycin and the components of the drug.

Other features. Can be used to treat children over 8 years of age in the same doses as in adults. Side effects - swelling, itching, tearing. For eyes only, not taken orally.

Eye ointment

Antibiotic eye ointment. For the treatment of inflammation caused by bacteria. Used for conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, etc.

Active substance: Tobramycin. Eye ointment 0.03% contains 3 mg of tobramycin, as well as liquid paraffin, medical petroleum jelly, chlorobutanol.

Release forms: Ointment in aluminum tube 3.5 g.

Dosage. For mild infectious processes, the ointment is placed behind the eyelid. The length of the strip is approximately 1 cm. Frequency of use is 1-2 times a day. For severe infections, a similar dose is placed behind the eyelid at intervals of 3-4 hours.

Contraindications. Individual hypersensitivity. Use with caution during pregnancy. When treating young children, caution should also be exercised - the drug is prescribed only when strictly necessary and under the supervision of a physician.

Other features. Tobrex ointment is recommended to be combined with Tobrex eye drops. Side effects - burning, allergic reactions, itching and swelling of the eyelids.

Antibacterial drug active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Indicated for conjunctivitis, keratitis, barley, blepharitis, dacryocystitis.

Active substance: Ofloxacin. Auxiliary components in drops are benzalkonium chloride, sodium hydroxide solution, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid solution, water. The ointment contains paraffin, fat, and petroleum jelly.

Release forms:

Dropper bottles of 5 ml.
Ointment in a tube 3 g. Pale yellow homogeneous substance.

Dosage. Place one drop in each eye 3-4 times a day. The ointment is used in the same way - placed behind the eyelid. Drops and ointment are used for no more than 14 days.

Contraindications. Lactation and pregnancy, allergies to drug components.

Other features. Side effects - nausea, swelling, eye irritation, dizziness.

Remedies for allergic conjunctivitis

The main means of treatment are. The first task is to relieve symptoms, and then to identify the cause of the allergy and eliminate the allergen. Otherwise, the treatment will not be successful. For allergic conjunctivitis, several types of drops are used:

antiallergic;
artificial tear products;
for corneal restoration.

Calcium chloride (intravenous)

Anti-inflammatory, detoxification, antiallergic, hemostatic drug, reduces capillary permeability. Used for calcium metabolism disorders, bleeding, hypocalcemia, and during periods of intensive growth.

Active substance: Calcium chloride. Contains purified water.

Release forms: Ampoules of 5 and 10 ml.

Dosage. Administration is jet (slow) or drip – 6 drops per minute. With the jet method, 5 ml are administered over 3-5 minutes. When administered by drip, the dose is diluted in 100-200 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. The daily dosage depends on age and is selected by the doctor individually. The drug is administered fractionally - 3-4 times a day.

Contraindications. Tendency to thrombosis, atherosclerosis, hypercalcemia, drug intolerance.

Other features. Calcium chloride and calcium chloride are the same drug. For allergic conjunctivitis, a 10% calcium chloride solution is prescribed intravenously. It is often prescribed in the summer - when plants begin to bloom. It is recommended to undergo preventive treatment. Side effects: nausea, heartburn.

Keratoprotector. Used for eye diseases - ulcers, deformations of the cornea, eyelids, etc. Helps with dry eye syndrome, irritation from smoke, dust, and other irritants. The characteristics of the tear film are restored. Prolongs the effect of other eye drops.

Active substance: Benzalkonium chloride. Hypromellose.

Release forms: transparent drops in a 10 ml dropper bottle.

Dosage. Place 1-2 drops into the conjunctival sacs. Frequency of use: 4-8 times a day.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to components. Acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of the anterior chamber of the ocular apparatus.

Other features. The refractive index of the drug is the same as that of natural tears. Local reactions are possible - a sensation of eyelids sticking together, a burning sensation. Use with caution during pregnancy, lactation, and in the acute phase of a chemical burn.

Antihistamine with antipruritic effect. Used for seasonal and year-round conjunctivitis, urticaria and other allergic rashes.

Active substance: Loratadine. Excipients: propylene glycol, glycerol, citric acid monohydrate, sodium benzoate, sucrose, flavoring, water.

Release forms:

Pills. In blisters of 7, 10 and 15 pieces. Pack with 1-3 blisters.
Syrup. Available in bottles of 60 and 120 ml.

Dosage. The daily intake for adults and children over 12 years of age is 10 mg. Children 2-12 years old are given syrup. The dosage is calculated according to weight.

Contraindications. Intolerance to components. Age up to two years. Lactation.

Other features. Side effects include headaches, fatigue, dry mouth, drowsiness, gastrointestinal upset, and more.

Vizin Alergy

Ophthalmic drug with vasoconstrictor and anti-edema effects. Used for acute atopic conjunctivitis, unspecified allergies.

Active substance: Tetrizoline. 1 ml drops contain 500 mcg of tetrizoline hydrochloride. Auxiliary components - boric acid, sodium borate, water, sodium chloride, disodium edetate, benzalkonium chloride solution.

Release forms: Drops in a 15 ml dropper bottle.

Dosage. Instill 1-2 drops 2-3 times a day. Use for no more than 4 days.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity, angle-closure glaucoma, corneal dystrophy. Age up to two years. Use with caution for ischemic disease and diabetes.

Other features. Side effects are blurred vision, eye pain, burning, tingling, dilated pupil, redness.

Ophthalmic antiallergic drug for local use. Indication: allergic conjunctivitis.

Active substance: Olopatadine hydrochloride. Auxiliary components - benzalkonium chloride, sodium chloride, disodium phosphate dodecahydrate, hydrochloric acid solution, water.

Release forms: The drops are transparent, colorless or pale yellow. In a dropper bottle 5 ml.

Dosage. Instill one drop 2 times a day. Be sure to shake the bottle before use.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to components.

Other features. Side effects - swelling, lacrimation, burning, pain. Overdose is unlikely. If there is an excess of the drug, the eyes should be rinsed with running water.

An immunosuppressive drug with anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Affects carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Used for rheumatism, leukemia, hepatitis, neurodermatitis, pancreatitis. For conjunctivitis, it is prescribed with caution - only under the supervision of the attending physician.

Active substance: Cortisone acetate. Excipients: stearic acid, starch, sugar.

Release forms: tablets 25 mg. They also produce a suspension and ointment with cortisone - Hydrocortisone.

Dosage. 100-200 mg per day. Frequency of administration: 2 times a day. When the effect is achieved, I reduce the dose to 25 mg per day.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug occurs with short-term use. Long-term use is contraindicated in case of renal failure, gastrointestinal diseases, herpes, diabetes - the full list can be found in the instructions.

Other features. Can provoke arrhythmia, heart failure, diabetes.

An antihistamine with a sedative and hypnotic effect. Prescribed for allergic reactions - rhinitis, dermatitis. Used for insomnia.

Active substance: Diphenhydramine. 1 tablet contains 50 mg of active substance. 1 ml of solution – 10 mg of diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

Release forms:

Tablets 50 mg.
Solution for intravenous injection 10 mg/ml.

Dosage. Tablets are taken 1-3 times a day, 30-50 mg. Duration of treatment is 10-15 days. Intravenously (drip) - 20-50 mg (this is 2-5 ml) of the drug dissolved in 100 ml of sodium chloride. Injections IM – once 10-50 mg (this is 1-5 ml). For conjunctivitis, instill a 0.2-0.5% solution (i.e. not pure diphenhydramine) 2 drops 3 times a day.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, angle-closure glaucoma, epilepsy, prostatic hyperplasia, gastrointestinal ulcer.

Other features. Action time – up to 12 hours. Side effects - dizziness, tremor, numbness of the mouth, drowsiness, asthenia, headache.

Antiallergic, antihistamine drug. Used for allergies, urticaria, eczema, hay fever, systemic hypersensitivity reactions.

Active substance: Chloropyramine hydrochloride – 25 mg per tablet. The composition includes gelatin, stearic acid, and other excipients.

Release forms:

Tablets 25 mg. White tablets in blisters of 10 pcs. The package contains 2 blisters.
Solution for injection in ampoules 20 mg/ml.

Dosage. Take the tablets during meals - no need to crush or chew. For adults – 75-100 mg per day. The maximum dose is 100 mg; exceeding it is contraindicated.

Contraindications. Acute attack of asthma, stomach ulcer, arrhythmia, closed-angle glaucoma and other diseases (more details in the instructions).

Other features. The maximum duration of treatment is 7 days. Provokes fatigue, has a sedative effect, causes arrhythmia, dry mouth, headache, tremor. Rarely – pathological changes in the blood. Children - from 3 years old.

Medicines for purulent form

Purulent conjunctivitis is a dangerous disease that often develops against the background of reduced immunity. Infection occurs through contact - from people and animals. The consequences, if the pathology is not treated, can be very serious - even blindness.

The causative agents of purulent conjunctivitis are streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci. Treatment methods:

washing the eyes - with medications and herbal infusions;
lubrication with antibacterial ointments;
instillation of antibacterial drops.

In severe cases, systemic antibiotic therapy is used.

Local antibiotic. Has a wide spectrum of action. Used for skin diseases, furunculosis, eczema, barley, conjunctivitis.

Active substance: Tetracycline. Excipients: ceresin, lanolin, paraffin, petroleum jelly, sodium disulfide.

Release forms:

3% ointment in tubes of 3, 10, 30 and 50 g.
1% ointment in tubes of 3, 7 and 10 g.

Dosage. Place the ointment intraconjunctivally with a sterile stick. The ointment is distributed with a cotton-gauze swab. The daily dosage is 0.2-0.4 g, depending on the severity of the disease.

Contraindications. Cannot be used simultaneously with drugs of similar effect. Individual intolerance of the body, liver dysfunction, mycosis, leukemia, pregnancy.

Other features. It may provoke itching and burning - then stop using the ointment. Side effects are loss of appetite, Quincke's edema, diarrhea and more.

Antibacterial drug with a wide spectrum of action. Relieves inflammation and treats infections sensitive to chloramphenicol. Prescribed for bacterial skin infections, trophic ulcers, bedsores, boils, wounds, burns, purulent otitis.

Active substance: Chloramphenicol. The substance is contained in eye drops at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml.

Release forms:

Eye drops 0.25%.
Liniment 1% and 5%.
Alcohol solution – 0.25, 1, 3 and 5%.
Tablets and capsules of 250 and 500 mg.
Extended-release tablets – 650 mg.

Dosage. Eye drops are prescribed for conjunctivitis. Place one drop in each conjunctival sac. Frequency of use: 3-4 times a day. Course – 5-15 days.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity, renal and liver failure.

Other features. It can cause a fungal infection and cause disorders of the nervous system.

Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate)

Antiseptic and disinfectant preparation.

Active substance: Potassium permanganate.

Release forms: Powder for solutions. Packaged in carefully sealed containers - bottles of 3 g, test tubes of 5 g, jars of 15 g.

Dosage. To wash the eyes, use a 0.01-0.1% solution of potassium permanganate. Color – pinkish.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity.

Other features. If potassium permanganate crystals get into your eyes, you should immediately administer a 1% solution of hydrogen peroxide. A 5% solution is a concentrated drug that cannot be applied to mucous membranes or taken orally.

Medicines for fungal infections

Fungal conjunctivitis usually develops with decreased immunity. It can be triggered by long-term use of steroids or antibiotics. The lack of adequate treatment leads to serious complications - the cornea is affected, and dacryocystitis begins.

Treatment is used systemic and local. Fungicidal and fungistatic agents are needed. Drugs are selected based on the results of a microbiological study. In therapy, Nystatin ointment is used, internal antibiotics are given, and an antifungal drug is also used. In severe forms, intravenous drips are prescribed.

Antibiotic. Antifungal drug for local and internal use. Prescribed for candidiasis, for the prevention of fungal diseases.

Active substance:

Release forms:

Tablets of 250,000 units and 500,000 units.
Ointment – 100,000 units. In aluminum tubes of 10, 15, 25 or 30 g.

Dosage. The tablets are swallowed without chewing. The dosage is determined by the doctor. The ointment is placed in the conjunctival sac 2 times a day. The course of treatment with ointment is 10 days.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity, pregnancy. Tablets are contraindicated in case of liver dysfunction and pancreatitis. For ointment – age up to 1 year.

Other features. Nausea, chills, abdominal pain, and an allergic reaction may occur.

Fungicide. Antifungal drug for local and internal use. Prescribed for candidiasis, fungal infections of the skin, genitals, mucous membranes.

Active substance: Levorin sodium salt.

Release forms:

Tablets of 500,000 units.
Ointment 500,000 units. In aluminum tubes of 30 and 50 g.
Vaginal suppositories 250,000 units.
Powder for suspensions 125,000 units, 200,000 units and 4,000,000 units, in containers of 1 g, 16 g and 120 g, respectively.
Granules for solutions in 10 ml bottles.

Dosage. Tablets orally, 400,000-500,000 units 3-4 times a day. The ointment is applied 1-2 times a day. Course – 10 days. The exact dosage is determined by the doctor.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Liver and kidney failure, pancreatitis, pregnancy, lactation, gastric ulcer.

Other features. Adverse reactions are possible - headaches, severe itching, etc.

Antifungal drug for topical use. Prescribed for progressive fungal infections.

Active substance:

Release forms:

Ointment 30,000 units. In aluminum tubes of 15 and 30 g.
Powder for preparing solutions. Glass bottles of 10 ml.

Dosage. Amphotericin B ointment is used only for skin treatment. The dose selection for intravenous drip administration of the drug is carried out only by a doctor!

Contraindications. Powder (lyophilisate) – pregnancy, liver/kidney pathologies, lactation.

Other features. It has many adverse reactions (see the official instructions for the drug): nausea and vomiting, headache, hepatotoxicity, anemia, decreased blood pressure, tachypnea, impaired renal function, various allergic reactions, etc.

Medicines for children

Treatment of conjunctivitis in children is selected in accordance with the etymology of the disease. If you make a mistake in determining the nature of conjunctivitis and prescribe the wrong treatment, the disease can become chronic. To treat conjunctivitis in children, medications are used in the form of ointments, drops, solutions and tablets.

Children with bacterial and viral forms of conjunctivitis are isolated from healthy children. It is forbidden to blindfold or tape your eyes, or apply compresses - all this creates a favorable environment for germs. It is recommended to wash the eyes, lubricate them with ointments, and for bacterial forms, use antibacterial drugs, for example, Levomycetin, Tetracycline ointment, Fusidic acid.

Antimicrobial, antiviral and antiallergic drug. Indicated for various types of conjunctivitis and other eye diseases.

Active substance: Interferon alpha-2b human.

Release forms: Drops in dropper bottles of 5 and 10 ml.

Dosage. 1-2 drops 6-8 times a day – acute stage. If improvement occurs, 2-3 times a day.

Contraindications. Individual intolerance.

Other features. They have an anesthetic, restorative and anti-inflammatory effect.

Antibiotic.

Active substance: Sulfacetamide.

Release forms: Drops in bottles (for children - 20%) of 5, 10 and 15 ml.

Dosage. To prevent eye diseases, newborns are given 2 drops in each eye immediately after birth, and again after 2 hours. Children over one year old usually receive 1-2 drops 4-5 times a day. The course is 5-7 days (the first 2-3 days according to the described scheme, then the dosage is adjusted downward).

Contraindications. Individual intolerance.

Other features. Allergic reactions, burning, irritation are possible. You can use a 10% solution to prevent eye diseases in newborns.

Ophthalmic antiviral and immunomodulatory drug with antioxidant effect. Indicated for viral conjunctivitis and keratouveitis.

Active substance: Aminobenzoic acid. 1 ml of solution contains 0.07 mg of active substance.

Release forms:

Eye drops in a dropper bottle of 5 ml.
Ampoules with a solution for instillation into the eyes - 1 and 2 ml.

Dosage. Up to 8 times a day, 1-2 drops. Injection - 0.3-0.5 ml. Total – 3-15 injections per course.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity. Individual intolerance. For the treatment of children, it is recommended to use it in cases where the benefits outweigh the expected risks.

Other features. Allergic reactions and hyperemia are possible.

Broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug. Has a bactericidal effect.

Active substance: Ciprofloxacin. The concentration in drops and ointments is the same - 3 mg in 3 ml.

Release forms:

Drops for eyes and ears 0.3%.
Coated tablets of 250, 500 and 700 mg.
Ointment 0.3%.
Concentrate for infusion 2 mg/ml.

Dosage. Tablets are prescribed depending on the condition and age. Eye drops: 1-2 drops every 4 hours. For severe infections - every 2 hours.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity. Liver and kidney dysfunction. Tablets and solution cannot be used up to 12 years, drops - up to a year.

Other features. Allergic reactions, tremors, fatigue, dizziness, gait disturbance and other side effects are possible.

Antiseptic and disinfectant preparation. Prescribed for bacterial eye infections.

Active substance: Picloxidine.

Release forms: Eye drops in a dropper bottle 10 ml.

Dosage. Drop 1 drop 2-6 times a day. The duration of the course is 10 days.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity.

Other features. Burning sensation, development of hyperemia of the eye mucosa.

Allergodil

Antiallergic, antihistamine drug. Indicated for atopic conjunctivitis, seasonal rhinitis.

Active substance: Azelastine.

Release forms:

Eye drops in dropper bottles of 6 and 10 ml. In 1 ml – 0.5 mg of azelastine hydrochloride.
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