Advanced herpes. Herpes

How to treat herpes? About nine out of ten people ask this question. The herpes virus lives in the body of almost all of us, and for a long time it may not make its presence known. Many people mistakenly believe that its manifestation is caused by a cold. But is this really so? Let's figure out what types of virus this disease exists and how to overcome it.

What kind of disease is this

When talking about herpes, many people imagine painful blisters that really spoil the appearance. However, the disease can manifest itself not only in this way. The clinical signs of this infection depend on the specific type of herpes virus infecting the body. Indeed, the most common type 1 herpes simplex virus is found, but other types of the disease are also known today:

Subfamily	Common name		Where is it localized?	Clinical picture
α-herpesviruses	Herpes simplex virus type 1		Trigeminal ganglia	Oral herpes, ophthalmoherpes, encephalitis
α-herpesviruses	Herpes simplex virus type 2		Ganglia of the sacroiliac joint	Genital herpes, meningoencephalitis
α-herpesviruses	Varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster)		Spinal roots	Shingles
β-herpesviruses	Cytomegalovirus		Leukocytes, epithelium, salivary glands, renal tubules	Cytomegaly, central nervous system lesions, retinitis, pneumonia, hepatitis
β-herpesviruses	Human herpesvirus type 6		B lymphocytes	Sudden exanthema in infants, chronic fatigue syndrome
β-herpesviruses	Human herpesvirus type 7		Blood cells, saliva	Sudden exanthema
γ-herpesviruses	Epstein-Barr virus		B lymphocytes, nasopharyngeal epithelium	Infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, B-cell lymphoma
γ-herpesviruses	Human herpesvirus type 8		Unknown	Kaposi's sarcoma, Castleman's disease

Reasons for the “awakening” of the virus

As already mentioned, herpes “lives” in the bodies of many people without manifesting itself with any symptoms. But why then do people get these blisters on their lips, skin, and mucous membranes? Each of us has an idea of ​​what herpes looks like, but we will return to a detailed description of the symptoms a little later. In the meantime, let's try to identify the factors that provoke the activation of the virus. The main causes of herpes include:

• hypothermia;
• acute respiratory disease;
• stress, serious psycho-emotional shock;
• weakened immunity;
• intrauterine infection;
• severe intoxication of the body.

What does herpes look like?

Regardless of the location of the characteristic rashes, their occurrence is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• hyperemia of the affected area;
• swelling and slight tingling;
• itching and painful burning;
• the appearance of small blisters two to three days after the first clinical signs of the disease;
• an increase in body temperature to subfebrile values ​​(with a complicated course of the disease).

After some time, the bubbles that appear burst open. In place of the pimples, a wound appears, which after a while becomes covered with a crust. Under no circumstances should you try to remove it - this will only aggravate the situation and prolong the course of the disease, increasing the severity of herpes symptoms.

The most popular myths about the virus

This disease was known long before our era. But even today many are mistaken when talking about herpes. Most often, people mistakenly believe that:

• The disease is not contagious. In fact, herpes is transmitted, as a rule, by airborne droplets, contact and sexual contact. The most common ways of spreading the infection are through sneezing, talking, coughing, kissing, or touching the rash. If a woman contracts herpes during pregnancy, the infection can lead to fetal death.
• Herpetic lesions on the lips are manifestations of the common cold. Not really. The herpes virus is an independent infection that is in no way related to a cold. The thing is that hypothermia can provoke the appearance of rashes against the background of a weakening of the body’s immune defense, which often results in the activation of the herpes virus and colds.
• Herpes goes away along with the rash. Once an infection enters the body, it remains there forever. Despite the absence of external manifestations, a person remains a carrier of the virus.

• The causes of herpes on the lips and genital rashes are the same. No, that's not true. On the lips, pathological blisters are caused by a virus of the first type, and herpetic lesions of the genital organs are the result of infection with a virus of the second type. In addition, if you look at the table again, you will notice that the pathogenic microflora GVCh-1 and GVCh-2 are localized in different areas.
• Herpes is a disease that affects only the skin. The virus is able to penetrate nerve cells, integrates into them, and as soon as the immune system begins to fail, it develops rapidly. In severe cases, brain damage may occur, which can lead to death or paralysis. This is why herpes is especially dangerous during pregnancy.

Spread of infection

Now let's talk about how herpes is transmitted. It is worth noting that all varieties of this virus are resistant to environmental factors. Herpes does not die at low temperatures, easily tolerates heat and feels great in water. But even if there is an infection in the environment, it is impossible to become infected with the disease. Infection occurs through close contact with a sick person. There are three main ways of transmitting the virus:

• Tactile contacts. Any touch to the resulting pimples guarantees infection. At this stage, the pathogenic microorganism is in the active phase, so it easily penetrates damaged tissues or mucous membranes. Therefore, you can become infected with herpes during kissing or oral sex.
• Airborne transmission of infection. The incubation period of the disease can last up to several months after the virus enters the body. Meanwhile, herpes will already be present in the person’s saliva. Its quantity is minimal, but if the interlocutor has a weakened immune system, this is quite enough for infection.

• Household method. A person who has an active virus is dangerous to others. After treating the affected area, it is enough not to wash your hands with soap so that germs can spread over the surfaces of any objects that the patient touches.

Herpes on the body has a slightly different nature of origin. It is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV-3), which is transmitted by airborne droplets. Most often it affects patients in childhood. After an illness, a person develops immunity, and re-infection is excluded. However, if chickenpox infection occurs at an older age, the course of the disease will be more severe.

How to treat a lip infection

Among all types of the virus, HHV-1 is the most responsive to therapy. But before treating herpes on the lips, it is important to consider some nuances:

• The effectiveness of therapeutic measures will depend on how timely they were started.
• When treating rashes, it is important to exclude salty foods, spices and hot drinks from your diet.
• Therapy requires an integrated approach. Antiseptics, external and systemic antiviral drugs, and immunomodulators are used.

Dermatologists advise that at the first manifestations of infection, treat the skin with antimicrobial solutions - Furacilin, Chlorhexidine or Miramistin - several times throughout the day. After disinfecting the surface, it is necessary to apply an ointment for herpes with antiviral activity. Among those available in pharmacies it is worth noting:

• "Florenal";
• "Acyclovir";
• "Panavir";
• "Zovirax";
• "Gerpevir".

The active substances of topical agents penetrate directly into the cells affected by the infection. Antiviral ointment for herpes prevents the production of pathogen DNA, making it impossible for it to grow and reproduce. The preparations are applied to the skin or mucous membranes, lightly rubbing to ensure deep penetration of the components. After a few hours, swelling and pain become less pronounced, itching and burning disappear.

If they begin to occur more and more often, therapy must be supplemented by taking pills. For herpes use:

• "Valacyclovir";
• "Acyclovir";
• Famciclovir.

The duration of treatment depends directly on the stage of the disease and the degree of complications present. After complex antiviral therapy, the patient is prescribed immunomodulatory agents (Galavit, Viferon, Amiksin) to strengthen the immune system and increase the body's resistance to pathogenic agents in order to prevent relapses of the disease. If a bacterial infection develops in the affected areas, the use of local antibacterial agents (Levomekol, Tetracycline ointment) will be required.

Principles of therapy for herpes type 2 and chickenpox

Unlike the previous treatment regimen, herpes in the intimate area and chickenpox are not so easy to get rid of. Infections such as HHV-2 and HHV-3 are introduced into the human body over the course of several weeks, therefore, only after the incubation period has passed and in the presence of favorable conditions, the pathogen is activated. Characteristic blistering rashes and swelling occur on the body or genitals. The symptoms of herpes cannot be overcome by using topical medications alone.

First of all, you will need to establish the type of virus that caused herpetic lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. For this purpose, laboratory tests are carried out. After confirming the type of herpes, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antiviral agents - they are the ones that show maximum activity against known types and strains of pathogenic microflora. They use the same tablets for herpes as for HHV-1 - “Acyclovir”, “Valacyclovir”, “Famciclovir”.

In parallel with etiotropic treatment, the patient is prescribed drugs for local application to crusted herpetic blisters or erosions - Acyclovir, Bonafton, Zovirax ointments. Before treating herpes on the genitals, it is important to pre-treat the tissues with antiseptics. This will prevent the penetration of staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci into the wound areas.

At this stage of treatment, it may be relevant to use not only drugs for herpes, but also drugs to eliminate general symptoms. For example, with chickenpox, patients often have increased body temperature, weakness, and general malaise. To alleviate the patient’s condition, NSAIDs (“Nise”, “Nimesulide”), “Analgin”, “Paracetamol”, “Ibuprofen” are included in the treatment regimen.

At the end of the antiviral course, the next stage of treatment begins, aimed at restoring the body and immunity. For genital herpes and chickenpox, Lavomax is often used, a drug whose active component stimulates the production of interferons. Immune cells are produced primarily in hepatocytes and intestinal epithelium.

Therapy for the herpes virus may also involve the use of antihistamines, which help relieve swelling and prevent the development of an allergic reaction while taking numerous medications. Among the effective antiallergic drugs, doctors note Suprastin, Pipolfen, Tavegil, Loratadine. To stabilize the psycho-emotional background of patients who often have a hard time accepting the news of their diagnosis of “Genital Herpes”, experts prescribe tranquilizers and antidepressants - “Phenazepam”, “Deprim”, “Afobazol”.

Herpes vaccine

If there is no relapse of the viral infection within 2-3 months, the patient is offered vaccination. The medicine is injected subcutaneously, and an “orange peel” forms at the injection site. If the vaccine is not given during a period of stable remission, the likelihood of recurrence of herpes symptoms is extremely high.

However, the vaccine can bring a number of serious consequences, one of which is the development of benign and cancerous formations. This is why most patients do not want to use a herpes vaccine. It is worth understanding that the harm that a persistent infection can cause to the body can be much more serious than the harm from a vaccine.

Folk recipes

Treatment of herpes at home can be carried out not only with the help of medications prescribed by a doctor. There are many folk recipes that can also be used for herpetic lesions of the skin and mucous membranes of the body. They do not have side effects, but just in case, in order to avoid unforeseen consequences of self-medication, it is better to consult a doctor. How to treat herpes? Read more about the safest and most effective means:

• Chicken egg. Two treatment options are popular. First: hard boil an egg, peel it, put it in a container and pour vodka. Place the egg and vodka in the refrigerator for three days, after which you need to eat the egg and drink the vodka. Repeat the procedure over the next two days. Second option: use eggshell film. It is applied to the erosion with the sticky side and held until the ulcer begins to dry out.
• Calendula tincture. Dry plant materials (usually flowers) are crushed and poured with 100 ml of vodka. The product should be infused for 10-14 days. The finished infusion is rubbed into the wounds.
• Celandine. Soak a cotton sponge or gauze bandage in the freshly squeezed juice of the plant and then apply it to the sore spot. This alternative treatment for herpes is even suitable for use on the genitals. The compress is left overnight, the procedure is repeated for 5-7 days.
• Soda. Dissolve 1 tbsp in a glass of boiled water. l. baking soda. Without allowing the solution to cool much, soak a cotton pad in it and apply it to the sore spot. A characteristic whitish film should appear on the rash; there is no need to wash it off immediately. Leave the plaque on the skin for a while and then rinse with warm water.

• Essential oils. Bergamot and tea tree oils have antibacterial and antiviral properties. Therefore, their use for the treatment of herpes at home will give a positive result. Take 4-5 drops of oils and mix with 1 tsp. vodka. The resulting solution is used to lubricate herpetic lesions on the lips and genitals. It also helps with chickenpox, but it is not recommended to use it for treating children without consulting a doctor.

A few words about prevention

Based on the fact that the herpes virus is present in the majority of the modern population, and for a long time it may not report itself in any way, it is important to know how to prevent the development of the disease. After all, it is known that infection actively manifests itself when the immune system is weakened. To prevent relapses, you need to follow simple rules:

• Treat ulcers in other parts of the body in a timely manner using antiviral agents.
• Avoid direct contact with people with herpes.
• After each treatment of rashes, be sure to wash your hands with soap.
• Use Miramistin during regular sexual intercourse.
• Maintaining immune functions with adequate nutrition.
• Take immunomodulators.
• Maintain personal hygiene.

Description of herpes simplex

Herpes simplex is a common viral disease in which rashes in the form of multiple clusters of blisters appear on the mucous membranes or skin of a person.

According to medical statistics, currently about 90% of the world's inhabitants are infected with herpes virus types 1 and 2.

The causative agent of this pathology is herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. After overcoming the skin barrier, the virus moves through the blood and lymphatic channels and thus reaches the tissues of the internal organs. There, the virus enters the nerve ganglia, introducing itself into the human genetic apparatus. After this, it is impossible to completely remove the virus from the body. The mechanisms of reproduction of the herpes virus are the same as those of any DNA-containing viruses. That is, the virus, having entered the cell, triggers a productive or lytic type of disease. The infected areas may become inflamed, and after the body destroys the virus along with its cells, microscopic foci of necrosis form in the affected area.

The incubation period of herpes simplex usually lasts 1-26 days.

It is noteworthy that the reasons for the activation of herpes simplex are stress, chronic diseases, vitamin deficiency, etc.

The most common herpes simplex occurs on the lips.

This form of the disease is popularly called a “labial cold,” although a herpes simplex infection has nothing in common with a real cold. Herpes is often found on the human genitals.

According to research conducted by scientists from Columbia, Alzheimer's disease may be a consequence of herpes simplex. In 70% of patients, herpes simplex type 1 is detected in the brain tissue. In addition, 90% of plaques found in the brains of patients contain antigens of the herpes simplex virus.

Typically, herpes simplex virus type 1 causes the following diseases:

• acute herpetic stomatitis. As a rule, a person encounters it in childhood during the first infection. The incubation period of the disease in this case can last up to 5 days. Damage to the mucous membranes resulting from tissue damage by the virus heals after 2-3 weeks;
• Kaposi's rash. The disease has symptoms similar to chickenpox. In some cases it can be fatal;
• keratoconjunctivitis. With simple recurrent herpes in this form of the disease, the patient may experience clouding of the eye, which in turn can lead to blindness;
• encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus is a disease characterized by a high risk of death. If recovered, the patient remains with some neurological impairment;
• Labialis is the most common form of herpes type 1. In this case, the rash forms at the junction of the skin and mucous membranes. After healing, it does not leave scars on the body.

In turn, the herpes simplex virus type 2 can develop as follows:

• simple genital herpes, which is characterized by frequent relapses;
• herpes simplex virus in a newborn - occurs when the mother of the child becomes infected during childbirth. In some cases it can cause death;
• Herpes simplex virus during pregnancy can cause serious consequences.

However, any type of herpes simplex virus can affect both areas of the human body (for example, after orogenital sexual intercourse).

It is important to note that the herpes simplex virus poses a danger not only to humans. It often causes various diseases in dogs, rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, etc.

The choice of a specialist who will treat the disease largely depends on the area in which tissue damage occurs and the form of the herpes simplex virus. Thus, simple and herpes zoster of the skin is treated by a dermatologist; treatment of genital herpes is carried out by gynecologists, andrologists and urologists. For ophthalmic herpes, you may need the help of an ophthalmologist, and for oral herpes, you may need help from a dentist.

Since herpes simplex usually manifests itself against the background of reduced immunity, it would not be superfluous to consult an immunologist. He will determine the reason why the body’s defenses have decreased and will give the necessary recommendations.

Routes of infection

The herpes simplex virus is transmitted through contact with rashes or natural fluids. However, in some cases, the virus is also transmitted through skin contact of a healthy person with a carrier of the virus. Often in the initial stages the disease cannot be detected independently without the use of laboratory research methods. Most often, infection with type 1 virus occurs in childhood, while genital herpes occurs only after the start of intimate life.

At a temperature of 23-26 degrees and average humidity in the room, the herpes virus can remain active throughout the day. At a temperature of 50-55 degrees it dies in half an hour, and at a temperature of -70 degrees it can live for about 5 days. The virus lives on metal objects (for example, money, door handles) for about 2 hours, while on clean medical wet cotton wool up to 6 hours.

Immunity for herpes

Children under 6 months of age have antibodies to the virus in their bodies, which were passed on to them from their mother. However, during the first years of life they are quickly used up. Therefore, the child’s body becomes most susceptible to the effects of the virus between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.

In the blood and mucous membranes of patients who have recovered from the herpes simplex virus, IgG and special antibodies are found that drive the virus into a “dormant” state and prevent it from developing further.

Herpes in pregnant women

Any type of virus can pose a danger to a pregnant woman and her fetus. As you know, the herpes simplex virus is found in huge quantities in the environment, so it carries a particular danger.

Of both types of herpes, type 1 is considered less dangerous, since it has been in the body of patients since childhood. This means that the body has developed IgG and natural killer cells for herpes simplex, which help the body protect the fetus from the virus and maintain its quantity at a low level.

Herpes simplex type 2 is more dangerous. So, if a woman has a primary infection, then she has a risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus. If she has been sick with this type of virus for a long time, and she has frequent exacerbations, then there is a possibility that the child will be infected during childbirth. That is why women with herpes simplex virus are advised to have a caesarean section.

The greatest threat is posed by the herpes simplex virus type 2 if it entered a woman’s body when she was already pregnant. It is not without reason that this virus is classified as having a sharply negative effect on the fetus.

Thus, herpes simplex during pregnancy of less than 13 weeks can lead to miscarriage, in the second trimester - to fetal malformations, and before childbirth it can cause severe inflammation of the pelvic organs.

However, the herpes virus does not interfere with conception, provided that the intimate organs are not damaged due to the disease, and this does not lead to infertility.

To avoid various complications, before planning a pregnancy, a woman is recommended to do PCR for the herpes simplex virus.

Symptoms

Herpes simplex is one of the most common viral diseases caused by 2 serotypes of the pathogen.

A person comes into contact with the first type of virus in herpes simplex virtually from birth, and by 18 months it is present in a latent form in almost everyone’s body. Herpes simplex shows symptoms on the skin and mucous membranes of the lips, nose, eyelids, and in the oral mucosa. The second type of virus can only be infected through sexual contact, with a rash on the genitals, after which it also goes into a latent form.

Knowing the symptoms of herpes simplex is necessary in order to identify this disease as early as possible and begin its treatment. Typically, herpes simplex shows symptoms due to a decrease in the body's defenses. This often occurs against the background of hypothermia, which gives reason in everyday speech to identify the type 1 virus with a “cold.” Also provoking factors are overheating, stress, various infectious diseases that weaken the immune system (including HIV).

In the typical development of herpes simplex, 4 stages can be distinguished, which correspond to local symptoms of the disease:

• Stage 1. Itchy, tingling sensations appear on the lips, tongue, corners of the mouth, and other areas, followed by redness of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Stage 2. The next day, in the area of ​​redness, in the absence of adequate treatment, small bubbles appear (at first transparent, then with cloudy contents), the itching decreases. The number of bubbles can reach 10 or more.
• Stage 3. The vesicle ruptures, fluid containing the multiplied herpes simplex virus flows out and an ulcer forms. The site of injury becomes painful.
• Stage 4. The ulcers become crusty, and skin damage is accompanied by pain.

All stages and symptoms of virus reproduction in herpes simplex can be repeated many times, and the bubbles can merge into one larger one. In this case, the area of ​​the rash becomes swollen.

With primary infection with the herpes simplex virus, the symptoms are more pronounced. The period after communicating with a sick person usually ranges from one to eight days, after which chills, headaches, malaise are noted, the temperature in some cases reaches 39-40 ° C. Redness, then a rash appears on the surface of the lips, tongue, and most likely on the palate, tonsils and arches. Lymph nodes in the submandibular areas may become enlarged. In children with significantly reduced immunity, the virus can also damage internal organs. On average, the duration of the disease is seven to ten days, but in the presence of a bacterial infection it is prolonged.

Relapses that occur with herpes simplex occur with similar symptoms, but in a milder form. The frequency of occurrence of the disease varies: from once every few years to three to four times within one month. The herpes simplex virus is not contagious without developing external symptoms.

Herpes simplex virus in the mouth, called herpetic stomatitis, has different symptoms. A specific rash appears on the inner surface of the lips, cheeks, gums, and palate. Within an hour or two, superficial ulcers open and appear. The next day, a whitish coating appears on their surface. In the oral cavity, one of the symptoms of the development of herpes simplex against the background of rashes is soreness and increased production of saliva.

When foci of inflammation become infected, the symptoms of herpes simplex after the blisters dry out are aggravated by the appearance of large crusts with a layered brown structure. The treatment process for this course of the disease is delayed, and if symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, scar formation is possible.

Sometimes an edematous form may develop, in which severe swelling occurs at the site of introduction of the herpes simplex virus (usually on the lips, eyelids, genitals) against the background of normal symptoms. With frequent relapses, this form creates a state of persistent swelling of the affected areas.

The combination of manifestations of the disease in different parts of the body often occurs with a pronounced decrease in immunity.

In women, symptoms of recurrent herpes simplex are often combined with the menstrual cycle. Frequent relapses of genital herpes simplex can cause difficulty in maintaining a normal sex life with the appearance of symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Penetration of the herpes simplex virus can occur in places of damage due to skin diseases: pemphigus, ichthyosis, and thermal burns of the skin. In this case, the main symptom is extensive skin erosion, and when a secondary infection is added, ulcers.

Symptoms of the erosive-ulcerative form of herpes simplex are characterized by the appearance of long-term, non-healing ulcers that do not have compactions, after the opening of vesicles with typical polycyclic outlines. There are pronounced pain sensations.

One of the rare forms of herpes simplex is herpetic folliculitis, which develops against the background of HIV infection. Its symptoms include multiple blisters that quickly open and become covered with brownish crusts. It occurs only in men in the area of ​​the lips and chin.

At the same time, there are forms of herpes simplex in which the disease stops at the initial stage. Symptoms in this case may be limited to:

• itchy red spots with almost rounded contours, which disappear in 3-4 days
• single bubbles
• short-term itching that goes away in 1-2 days.

For questionable symptoms of herpes simplex, especially in genital localization, PCR (polymerase chain reaction technique) or RIF (immunofluorescence reaction) are used to detect the virus. However, these techniques are not cheap and are used only when absolutely necessary.

For treatment, medications with an antiviral effect are used, which reduce the symptoms of herpes simplex, but do not completely destroy the virus. Immunity is also boosted and major diseases are treated.

Treatment of herpes simplex in order to obtain a lasting result and rapid relief of symptoms must be comprehensive and carried out by a medical specialist. This is also relevant because the manifestations of herpes may hide more serious health problems.

Diagnostics

If you suspect that you have a disease similar to herpes, immediately go to the hospital, where you will be prescribed the necessary tests and given the correct diagnosis.

Diagnosis of herpes simplex consists of taking an anamnesis (questioning), examination and laboratory diagnostics.

Anamnesis is collected by a doctor. During the examination, an element (vesicle or bubble) is detected, rising above the level of the skin, containing a transparent liquid (hemispherical in shape with rounded outlines). When dry, the bubbles form crusts. If the vesicle is damaged, a small surface defect remains, which disappears without a trace over time. The first type of herpes virus usually affects the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx, eyes, and can cause encephalitis. Herpes virus type 2 is localized in the genital area. Nowadays, due to the diversity of people's sexual lives, there are cases of detection of HSV-2 in places characteristic of HSV-1 and vice versa. These modified viruses are more resistant and difficult to treat.

After the examination, the doctor prescribes the necessary tests for delivery to the laboratory. None of the modern methods for diagnosing viral diseases gives a complete guarantee about this disease. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to the use of at least two diagnostic methods or conduct repeated studies.

For laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex, it is necessary to take the following materials for analysis: blood, saliva, the contents of herpetic vesicles, smears from the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, cervical canal and urethra.

Later, the resulting liquids are examined for the content of the herpes simplex virus. Diagnostics can be carried out using the following methods: microscopic, molecular biological, cultural and serological.

Microscopic method. The resulting smears are stained with special dyes. In the presence of herpes simplex virus, giant multinucleated cells are detected. The amount of cytoplasm in them is increased; the nuclei contain Caudi inclusions, which are clumps of marginal chromatin. However, this test has low diagnostic specificity, since this method cannot distinguish HSV from other types of herpes. The sensitivity is about 60%. At this time, this study is not reliable.

Culture method. This type of research consists of several stages. First, material is taken from the patient (mainly the contents of the vesicles), presumably containing the virus. Next, either a laboratory animal is infected with it, or (most often) it is introduced into a special cell culture or chicken embryo. Within a day, infected animals develop symptoms of the disease. After 2-3 days, changes begin to occur in the layers of cells: they become rounded, form huge cells with atypical inclusions in the nucleus and many nucleoli. On the second day, plaques measuring 2-3 mm are formed in the chick embryo. For better visibility they are painted neutral red. If the above changes are present, the test for the herpes simplex virus is considered positive. This method is accurate, however, it is time-consuming and expensive.

Molecular biological method. This method includes polymerization chain reaction (PCR). Using this reaction, it is possible to identify the pathogen in blood tests, sputum, saliva, urine, the contents of vesicles, and cerebrospinal fluid. DNA is separated from the material obtained from the patient. The virus-specific fragments are then copied many times and the results are recorded. This study is the method of choice due to its high accuracy. PCR can distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2 and determine the amount of simple herpes virus, which allows this method to be used both for diagnosis and for assessing the effectiveness of treatment.

If the resulting material contains even a minimal amount of HSV, the reaction becomes positive; if it is absent, it becomes negative.

Serological method. Used more often than others. Blood serum is mainly taken as research material. Diagnosis is based on identifying antigens (specific viral proteins) and antibodies (specific immune complexes of the body) to the herpes simplex virus. Antibodies are protein complexes that are produced by blood cells. When a pathogen enters the body, antibodies bind to it and after some time activate it.

In HSV disease, the main focus is on three types of antibodies: M, G to early proteins and G to late proteins. Antibody M appears in the blood a week after infection with the herpes virus and indicates an acute, first-time infection. In some people, when an old infection returns, this protein may be detected. Antibody G is an indicator of a chronic disease and appears in the body 14-21 days after the disease. Its different concentrations indicate either the transition of the disease to the chronic stage, or low resistance of the body, or recovery.

The serological method allows you to determine the amount of virus and monitor the increase in its titers in the blood, which makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. To do this, examine sera taken at intervals of 7-14 days. This diagnostic method is based on RNIF and ELISA.

The indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IRIF) is a highly sensitive and specific method. It is based on the binding of antigen+antibody complexes and the subsequent attachment to them of fluorochrome-labeled antibodies specific to specific antibodies to herpes virus antigens. Subsequently, when illuminated with ultraviolet light, complexes are determined that can be counted.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has high accuracy and specificity, about 100%. To diagnose HSV, two ELISA methods are used: with a labeled antigen and with a labeled antibody.

In a labeled antigen assay, a specially labeled herpes antigen is added to the existing serum. If there were antibodies in the serum, antigen+antibody complexes are formed. Afterwards, the instruments are washed and specific enzymes are added to them that can react with these complexes. Next, a reaction occurs and the samples are colored. The brightness of the colored substance is used to judge the titer of antibodies in the blood.

The reaction with a labeled antibody is more difficult. Labeled antibodies are added after an unlabeled antigen+antibody substrate has already been formed. In this case, a new complex is formed, where the antigen is surrounded by two antibodies. This arrangement improves the quality of the ELISA reaction, which helps to detect antibodies even when their content is low.

If the test is positive for antibodies M, G to primary proteins and G to secondary proteins, this indicates the initial acute form of the disease. If the test is negative for these types of antibodies, the person has never had the simple herpes virus. If the test is positive for antibodies M and negative for antibodies G to primary proteins and G to secondary proteins, we can conclude that the disease arose very recently. If the test is negative for antibodies M and positive for antibodies G to primary proteins and G to secondary proteins, it is either the second half of the initial acute infection or an exacerbation (relapse) of herpes disease. If the test for antibodies M and antibodies G to primary proteins is negative, and for antibodies G to secondary proteins is positive, stable immunity against the herpes simplex virus has been developed.

The disease can be judged by the percentage of G antibodies. The presence of G antibodies of more than 60% indicates that the person is a carrier of the infection, and the disease has entered a chronic stage. If the amount of antibodies G is 50-60% - the disease is transitioning from the acute to the chronic stage, it is necessary to repeat the study after two weeks. The absence of these antibodies indicates that the person has never had the herpes simplex virus.

The analysis is deciphered in the laboratory. Diagnosis and diagnosis is carried out exclusively by a doctor.

Treatment

Treatment of herpes simplex has always been and remains a pressing problem. This is due to the fact that the majority of the world's population (about 90%) is infected with this virus.

Unfortunately, today no drug is able to completely remove the virus from the body, so all treatment of herpes simplex comes down to eliminating the symptoms of the disease.

Herpes simplex virus may require different treatments depending on the location of the tissue affected by the virus.

However, in any case, when treating a disease, doctors pursue the following goals:

• reducing the period of exacerbation of the disease;
• reduction in the severity of symptoms;
• reducing the number of relapses;
• prevention of fetal infection during pregnancy;
• preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of complications in children born from an infected mother.

Treatment of herpes with medications

It is important to note that today there are two types of drugs on the pharmaceutical market. Some of them have a wide spectrum of action, that is, they perform all the necessary functions, while others belong to a highly specialized group, that is, they perform any one function.

According to the form of release, such drugs are divided into drugs for external use (ointments, creams, gels) and internal ones (tablets, syrups).

As a treatment for recurrent herpes, doctors often recommend that their patients use immunostimulating drugs.

For the treatment of herpes simplex, it is under no circumstances recommended to use monotherapy, since in this case it is extremely ineffective. Doctors usually recommend using monotherapy during exacerbation of the disease.

Thus, long-term use of antiviral drugs and the use of ointments as a permanent treatment can lead to the patient falling into a vicious circle, from which it will subsequently be quite difficult to get out. If at this time the patient also experiences stressful situations in his life, the disease can become severely aggravated.

At the same time, complex therapy will help relieve the unpleasant symptoms of the disease in the shortest possible time and lead to long-term and stable remission.

As a rule, treatment of herpes simplex requires the use of suppressor drugs. Using these medications for 5-7 days will help the patient significantly reduce the concentration of the virus in the body.

After this period, the doctor can prescribe immunotherapeutic drugs to the patient, which are available in the form of recombinant alpha interferons, as well as immunomodulatory agents. Quite often used for the treatment of herpes simplex igG (immunoglobulins). The duration of treatment with these drugs largely depends on the advanced stage of the disease and the patient’s immune system.

In advanced cases, the dosage of these drugs is increased, in addition, the duration of their use can be increased to 10 days. After relief is achieved, for stable remission, patients are recommended to administer an inactivated herpetic vaccine. Thus, the patient will be able to reliably record the achieved result.

It is important to note that the effectiveness of this vaccine depends on the state of immunity, as well as the number of times it is used. This vaccine is administered intradermally. After using it, the skin at the injection site resembles an “orange peel”. It is very important to carry out this vaccination, observing the deadlines, since otherwise the entire multi-month course of treatment will go down the drain.

Even though administering the vaccine is not difficult, the procedure must still be carried out by healthcare workers.

At the moment, a new Russian drug for herpes, Herpferon, is widely used. Its active components are acyclovir and interferon.

Treatment for herpes simplex virus depends largely on the type of virus. Thus, treatment of herpes simplex virus type 2 should include the use of various creams and ointments, which contain components that suppress the replication of the virus.

Treatment of herpes with non-drug methods

In addition, in the treatment of type 2 herpes, doctors often use non-drug treatment methods such as, for example, ozone therapy. Thus, specialists can improve the patient’s condition, as well as significantly reduce the period of taking medications.

Moreover, if the patient has not very pronounced signs of damage to the body by a herpes infection, then ozone therapy can even be used instead of a course of immunostimulants and antiviral drugs.

In the treatment of herpes, doctors use subcutaneous microinjections from an ozone-oxygen mixture. In addition, treatment of herpes simplex type 2 may include autohemoozone therapy. The essence of this procedure is to collect venous blood and further enrich it with an ozone-oxygen mixture. After this, the patient's blood is reinjected into the vein. To eliminate the unpleasant symptoms caused by herpes infection, the patient needs to undergo 8-10 autohemoozone therapy procedures, which should be performed 2-3 times a week.

For herpes simplex virus type 1, treatment may include laser therapy. This method is very simple, convenient and at the same time effective.

How to treat herpes simplex with a laser? During this procedure, the doctor uses a special device with infrared radiation on the affected tissue. Laser therapy can be used at any stage of herpes treatment, however, the greatest results can be achieved if you start treating herpes simplex in the initial stages. If laser treatment began at the moment when the patient just began to feel itching and burning, then the development of the pathological process can be eliminated after the first procedure. After exposure to the affected areas with laser, regeneration of the skin occurs in the shortest possible time.

Treatment of herpes in children

Treatment for herpes simplex in children varies. It all depends on the form in which the disease occurs in the child.

Most often, doctors prescribe antiviral drugs for external and internal use to children. It is advisable to begin treatment of herpes simplex in children immediately at the first signs of the disease. Otherwise, the disease may result in complications.

If herpes is severe and is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, and treatment with antiviral drugs does not help, then in this case the doctor may prescribe human immunoglobulins against the herpes simplex virus.

If herpes begins to occur too often in a child, he may need the help of an immunologist. If necessary, the doctor will give recommendations that can significantly improve the baby’s immunity.

A woman can treat herpes simplex in a child using folk remedies. However, before doing this, she should consult a doctor. Only a specialist can advise how to treat herpes simplex virus with herbs.

During an exacerbation of the disease, the child should take a shower several times a day and wash his hands as often as possible. If a child has herpes simplex, prevention of the disease among family members should involve using a separate washcloth, towel and utensils. In case of herpetic lesions of the oral cavity, the child should not injure the sores with the tongue.

Medicines

Treatment of herpes simplex (with the exception of complicated and severe cases) is carried out on an outpatient basis (at home). The main key link is the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, which causes herpes simplex. Medicines used during treatment can be divided into 2 groups:

• Those influencing the etiological factor (the virus) are the most important link in treatment.
• Influencing pathogenetic and symptomatic factors - NSAIDs, dehydration, glucocorticosteroids.

The drugs of choice in the treatment of herpes simplex are antiviral drugs, in particular acyclovir (Zovirax, Virolex, Antivir), valacyclovir, alpizarin. They directly affect the etiological factor and suppress the reproduction (replication) of the virus.

Acyclovir (after activation - acyclovir triphosphate), interacting with DNA polymerase, leads to the suppression of viral DNA synthesis, which disrupts its replication. Acyclovir has few side effects and is practically non-toxic to the body in adequate doses. For herpes simplex it can be used topically, orally (by mouth) and parenterally (intravenously).

Apply locally in the form of an ointment, treating the affected area of ​​skin 4-5 times a day until the symptoms of the disease disappear.

It is used orally 4-5 times a day for 8-9 days at a dosage of 200 mg - for both adults and children. Acyclovir can also be used for prophylaxis when the disease often recurs. Typically, frequent recurrence is associated with seasonality and a general decrease in immunity (autumn-winter period), when herpes simplex appears against the background or after illness of other infections.

Intravenous (parenteral) dosage is about 20-30 mg per 1 kg of human body weight per day. Intravenous administration is usually indicated for complicated herpes simplex and herpetic encephalitis and is not used in the normal course of the disease. For neonatal herpes (from birth to 3 months inclusive), the dose is 10 mg/kg 3 times a day. The dose and course are determined by the doctor individually; on average, treatment lasts 10 days.

Other derivatives of acyclovir, such as valacyclovir, famciclovir, are used less frequently due to their lower effectiveness, however, they are also used. It should be noted that valacyclovir has greater bioavailability compared to acyclovir, but less pronounced antiherpes effects. Penciclovir is used only topically.

Vidarabine, as an antiviral drug, has the same spectrum of activity as acyclovir. It is most effective for herpetic keratitis and is a “reserve” drug for herpetic encephalitis. However, vidarabine is much more toxic than acyclovir, and its action can be aggravated by side effects such as dizziness, impaired coordination of movements, and convulsions.

In addition to antiviral drugs, inducers of endogenous interferon are also used - amiksin (Tilorone), polydan. Amiksin is used more often in the CIS countries, but its effectiveness is low. Polidan is less common. Amiksin improves the general well-being of the patient without changing or affecting the course of the disease.

In the treatment of herpes simplex, immunomodulators are often used - substances that correct disorders in patients with decreased immunity. Immunofan and polyoxidonium are often used. The principle of action of all immunomodulators, although it depends on the group of drugs, but the essence is always the correction of immunity disorders in diseases accompanied by a decrease in immunity - in particular, herpes simplex. The dosage and course of treatment are determined individually by the doctor.

In pathogenetic therapy (influence on the pathogenetic factor), a special place is occupied by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which alleviate the course of the disease, eliminate pain, reduce possible fever, and improve the general condition and well-being of a person. Drugs such as ketorolac, ketanov can be used; at elevated temperatures - ibuprofen.

Synthetic glucocorticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, dexazone, are also used, usually together with dehydration therapy when the central nervous system is affected by the virus (including when the virus is generalized). When preparing a solution for intravenous drip infusion, it is better to use a 5% dextrose solution.

The answer to the question “How is herpes simplex treated?” is clear - acyclovir (Zovirax) in combination with restoratives.

Folk remedies

Let's turn to traditional medicine

Depending on the division into two main types of disease - “cold sores” and genital, approaches to its treatment are also distinguished. The main thing is to create an ideal recovery program with your doctor.

Despite the constant development of medicine, people still turn to folk remedies with the same desire. After all, these methods have been used repeatedly for tens, or even hundreds of years in a row.

Traditional recipes for the treatment of herpes

Treatment of herpes simplex with folk remedies requires special attention. First of all, it is necessary to determine with your doctor whether the proposed recipe contains personally intolerable or allergy-causing ingredients. And only after this, together with the doctor, you can draw up a treatment plan and select suitable recipes from traditional medicine. As an example, we have given several classic recipes.

Sage infusion recipe

To prepare you will need:

• 1 tablespoon of sage leaves or 1 sachet of pharmaceutical grade, crushed.
• A glass of water.

Bring water to a boil and brew sage. After approximately 30-40 minutes, strain the broth and cool to room temperature. Used as a rinse in the presence of the first type of herpes. In the case of the second type, add the decoction to the bath. Take a bath for no more than 15 minutes.

Eucalyptus and honey

Despite the complete opposite of the products, together they form one whole in the fight against viral skin disease. It is enough to brew 0.5 kg of eucalyptus leaves and add 2 tablespoons of honey to the strained broth. Application – local. On inflamed areas of the skin.

Viburnum infusion

This procedure is both preventive and used to expel the virus from the body. A few tablespoons of viburnum are poured into a glass of boiling water, after which they should be left to steep for 4 to 8 hours. Ideally, you can brew the infusion overnight. In this case, the decoction will be ready by morning, and you can begin treatment without delaying until the evening.

Essential oils

Essential oils will help cure herpes, such as:

• Fir;
• Tea tree oil;
• Almond.

These oils have antibacterial properties. Thus, you can fight the disease by adding a few drops to your bath or applying oil to the affected areas of the skin. This method is equally good in the case of “colds on the lips” and genital herpes.

The information is for reference only and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. At the first symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor.

There are 8 types of herpes virus that affect the human body. The symptoms of some of them are similar, for others they vary greatly - the diseases manifest themselves as skin rashes, fevers, sore throat, mental damage and even oncology.

Treatment of herpes in most cases is monotonous: it is aimed at suppressing viral activity with certain drugs and increasing immunity. For different types of infection, complex therapy requires additional medications to combat specific symptoms.

What drugs are used in therapy against herpes infection?

To treat the herpes virus in modern domestic medicine, the following drugs are usually used:

For different types of disease and affected areas, different forms of drugs are prescribed. So, for labial (simple) herpes, external agents are usually used, for extensive rashes - tablets and injections. In case of genital infection, suppositories also come into play. Low-dose injections are recommended for newborns because they cannot take other forms of medication.

Attention! If a herpetic infection is complicated by additional fungal or bacterial diseases, antibiotics are additionally prescribed. In other cases, these drugs are dangerous to take; they can only worsen the patient’s condition. When prescribing, they try to limit themselves only to forms for local/external use; oral medications are prescribed only for particularly extensive internal bacterial damage.

How to treat herpes during pregnancy

During pregnancy, primary infection with herpes is most dangerous. If a woman has already encountered this disease, her body produces antibodies that are transferred to the embryo, thereby protecting it (albeit not 100%) from infection. Recurrences of herpes infection are also not so scary; with adequate treatment, the risk of infecting a child is minimal.

First of all, therapy is aimed at suppressing the activity of the virus and reducing the duration of the acute period of the disease.

In the first 24 hours after the onset of herpes symptoms, you should start taking antiviral drugs:

• Acyclovir;
• Valacyclovir;
• Penciclovir;
• Famciclovir.

You can take any analogues of these drugs. Safer and more effective than others for treatment are acyclovir medications, which include Zovirax, Gerpevir, Supraviran, Acigerpin. These substances are active against herpes viruses types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Typically, the prescription of antiviral drugs in pregnant women is limited to local administration - in the form of ointments, gels, creams. This is justified by the low percentage of penetration of the active substance into the mother’s body, since at the same time it passes through the placental barrier (enters the child’s body). Antibacterial ointments are also recommended for external use - oxolinic, tetracycline, erythromycin and tebrofen, Neosporin, Vidarabine, Riodoxol.

Important to know! In case of significant damage to the body by herpes, in case of primary infection or a particularly acute relapse, drugs are prescribed in tablets: 500 mg of Valaciclovir twice a day for 10 days or 200 mg of Acyclovir three times a day for 5 days.

For severe pain, women are advised to lubricate their skin with Xylocaine 2%. To speed up the regeneration of affected areas, you can take sitz herbal baths with chamomile or string, and then apply drying ointments, such as zinc, to the damaged areas.

Features of treatment of newborns and children up to one year

If the mother has a herpes infection, the newborn must be isolated during the incubation period of the virus. It does not matter whether the child has clinical symptoms or not. However, if the mother was healthy, the baby is isolated only if characteristic signs are present.

Traditionally, herpes treatment is carried out according to the following scheme:

• If symptoms of herpes occur, 30 mg of Acyclovir per kilogram of body weight is prescribed intravenously daily for 10 days.
• Generalized infection is treated with increased doses of Acyclovir - up to 60-90 mg - for 2-3 weeks.
• Human immunoglobulin is also used at 4-6 mg per kilogram intravenously through a dropper in the first 3 days. The drug can be replaced with Viferon, Roncoleukin or Reaferon.

If the organs of vision are damaged or there are skin rashes on the newborn’s body, in addition to intravenous therapy, local antiviral agents are used - Acyclovir ophthalmic ointment and interferon-based gels. Herpetic rashes on the gums () and the inner sides of the lips are treated with hydrogen peroxide 3%. To anesthetize feeding, anesthesin or lidocaine is used before feeding.

Treatment of labial and genital herpes (types 1 and 2) in men and women (on the butt)

Labial herpes simplex usually “spreads” over the skin of the face, neck, mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, and touches the eyes. Scratching and frequently touching affected areas can spread the infection throughout the body.

Mainly located in the groin area: on the external genitalia, inner thighs, butt. The disease can spread to the vagina in women or to the urethra and testicles in men. Touching also transfers the infection to any other parts of the body - to the stomach, armpits, face.

Treatment for both of these types of herpes is similar. Therapy is usually carried out in three stages:

1. Taking antiviral drugs for 5-10 days: Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Cytarabine, Famciclovir, Ribavirin, Trifluorothymidine, Bofanton, Tromandathrin, Oxolin, Tebrofen, Amiksin in the form of injections, ointments or tablets.
2. Raising immunity during a period of remission of 30-60 days: human immunoglobulin, Pentaglobin, Cytotect, Vesikbulin, Camedon, Kagocel, Viferon, Cycloferon, Ridostin, Leukinferon, Neovir, etc.
3. Prevention of relapse of the disease once every 6 months: Amiksin + polyvalent vaccine against herpes is prescribed (a total of 5 subcutaneous injections of 0.2 ml every other day).

With labial herpes, it is often enough to carry out the first stage of treatment, while the genital form is treated with a full course. Often, only boosting immunity (simplified second stage of treatment) without vaccination is used to prevent relapses.

How to treat herpes zoster (type 3)?

Shingles often goes away on its own, but treatment against the zoster virus is still used to improve the immune system, relieve uncomfortable symptoms, and reduce the risk of relapses. Therapy is especially necessary for elderly people (over 50) and with severe immunodeficiency. In this case the following is prescribed:

• Antiviral drugs. Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir, Penciclovir. It is advisable to start treatment in the first 3 days.
• Painkillers. To alleviate the physical and psychological condition of the patient, narcotic analgesics (for example, Oxycodone) are prescribed in the USA; in Russia, non-narcotic analgesics are prescribed: Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen, Naproxen.
• Anticonvulsants. Sometimes, for severe neuropathic pain, patients are recommended to take Gabapentin or Pregabalin.

Several drugs should be noted separately, since their use is most effective and is often prescribed by doctors: deoxyribonuclease, Isoprinosine, acyclovir drugs, ganglion blockers (Gangleron). Additionally, patients are recommended to take vitamin B complexes and interferon ointments/aerosols (Eridin, Alpizarin, Florenal, Helepin). If herpes reaches a gangrenous form, antibiotics and Solcoseryl are added to therapy.

Recovery from shingles is usually incomplete - neuralgic symptoms of the disease remain (postherpetic neuralgia). Treatment continues with the same anticonvulsants and analgesics, opioid drugs are added, but antiviral drugs are no longer required. Neurological therapy is aimed primarily at eliminating the pain syndrome.

Antiviral therapy for ophthalmoherpes (in the eyes)

In the treatment of herpetic eye lesions, the same antiviral drugs are used, but in the forms of eye ointments, drops, or for internal use. The clinic actively uses drugs based on 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine:

• Keretsid;
• Stoxyl;
• Idukollal;
• Herplex;
• Dendryl;
• Oftan-I'm coming.

Patients are also prescribed other compounds of this group– acyclovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, sorivudine, vidarabine, TFT, brivudine and foscarnet. Florenal, Riodoxol, Tebrofen can be added to the list of antiviral drugs against eye herpes. Interferon-type drugs include leukocyte interferon, Poludan, Cycloferon, Timalin, Taktivin and Amiksin.

Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus (herpes type 4) and herpetic sore throat

There is no specific treatment regimen for patients with EBV infection; the therapeutic complex is determined according to the individual indications of the patient’s condition. Persons with high fever, severe tonsillitis/sore throat, jaundice, anemia and airway obstruction should be hospitalized. In other cases, treatment can be done at home.

Patients need maintenance therapy with rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions (for severe pain, 2% lidocaine or xylocaine is added to the solution). It is important to ensure you drink plenty of fluids.

First of all, the prescription of antiviral drugs is required:

• Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Valaciclovir and other acyclic nucleoside analogues;
• Cidofovir, Adefovir and other acyclic nucleotide analogues;
• Foscavir, Foscarnet, phosphonoacetylic acid and other pyrophosphate analogues.

Additionally, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Tylenol, acetaminophen, paracetamol;
• antibacterial(in the presence of concomitant infections): selected depending on the sensitivity of the microflora, mainly cephalosporins, macrolides, lincosamides;
• antifungal: fluconazole, metronidazole;
• glucocorticosteroids(for severe disease): orazone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, deltazone, hydrocortisone;
• immunoglobulins and immunomodulators: Alphaglobin, Gamma-P, Sandoglobulin, Intron A, Reaferon, Cycloferon, Viferon.

Cytomegalovirus infection (herpes 5): treatment for adults and children

There is also no correct separate treatment regimen for CMV. Symptoms of the acute phase of the disease are treated with the same antiviral drugs as other herpes viruses. More often, however, Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are used.

Additionally, immunomodulatory therapy is required, including vitamin support and stimulation of the immune system with interferons and globulins. Cycloferon, Viferon and other similar drugs are prescribed, the course of treatment is several weeks. The patient also needs to improve their lifestyle: change their diet, exercise, take enough fluids, and walk in the fresh air.

Often the acute form “attaches” other diseases that require adequate treatment with antibiotics. This therapy is concomitant and does not reduce the severity of the symptoms of the herpes virus itself, so it is used only as an addition to the complex of antiviral and immunomodulatory agents.

Features of herpes treatment 6

When a child or adult exhibits symptoms of this form of herpes, a typical antiviral therapy regimen is prescribed. Comprehensive treatment usually includes Ganciclovir, the most effective drug against HHV-6 from the group of acyclic nucleoside analogues, as well as Foscarnet and Cidofovir. For children under 12 years of age, only the latter is allowed to be used.

Acyclovir is ineffective against herpes type 6. Adefovir and Lubocavir are sometimes used, and experimental vaccines are being developed. To relieve the symptoms of infection, use antipyretics (Paracetamol or Ibuprofen), drink a lot of water and diuretic herbal teas.

Herpetic rashes in children practically do not itch, so external antibacterial ointments are not required to prevent additional infection. However, care should be taken to take vitamin complexes in order to strengthen the body’s natural defenses and accelerate the production of a sufficient amount of antibodies against HHV-6.

In adulthood, the infection manifests itself with severe immunodeficiency, so suppression of symptoms should be carried out primarily with interferon immunomodulators. However, such treatment is prohibited if the disease manifests itself after an organ transplant, since during this period a weak immune system is necessary to prevent tissue rejection.

How are herpes types 7 and 8 treated?

These two types of herpes have been studied so little that there are no definite treatment regimens. In individual therapeutic complexes, classical antiherpetic drugs are used in combination with medications aimed at eliminating the symptoms of concomitant diseases.

Thus, in the presence of oncological diseases from herpes type 8, treatment with interferons is contraindicated, however, chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs can be added to the complex. Surgery and radiation therapy may be required. If the mental state of a patient is affected by herpesvirus-7, adequate psychotherapy is necessary with the possible use of antidepressants and psychoanalysis sessions.

Treatment of herpes of internal organs

Herpes on internal organs is treated according to the classical scheme, but the drugs are prescribed orally - there is no place to use them locally.

The most commonly prescribed antiviral drugs are:

• Acyclovir;
• Famvir;
• Valtrex;
• Ganciclovir;
• Cytarabine et al.

They are used in the form of suppositories, tablets and injections. Immunomodulators are also used in the same forms:

• Viferon;
• Cycloferon;
• Isoprinosine;
• Lycopid.

Attention! It is highly not recommended to self-prescribe medications that affect the immune system. This should be done by the attending physician or immunologist.

In addition to classical therapy, auxiliary drugs are prescribed: for the liver - hepetoprotectors, for severe inflammatory processes - anti-inflammatory drugs, for those with concomitant fungal or bacterial diseases - antimycotics and antibiotics.

Folk remedies for the treatment of herpes

Every year they deserve more and more popularity in medical circles. In case of minor damage, treatment with natural herbal preparations can give an excellent result; in case of extensive spread of the disease, it is recommended to combine them with drug treatment.

Domestic doctor L.V. Pogorelskaya offers the following treatment regimen for recurrent herpes:

1. Decoction from a collection of herbs. Mix lemon balm, thyme, raspberry leaves, wormwood, juniper and oregano in a ratio of 4:3:4:2:3:3. Brew 1 tsp daily for an hour. in a glass of boiling water and drink in two doses for 14-28 days.
2. Alpizarin in the amount of 0.1 g three times a day for 21 days.
3. Twice before lunch, 40 drops of Eleutherococcus extract before meals.
4. Alpizarin or helepin ointment for rashes three times a day for 14-28 days.

Infusions, decoctions and compresses from the following plants also help against herpes: Amur velvet, pinnate Kalanchoe, Canadian desmodium, medicinal calendula, warty birch, yellowing kopek, common juniper and pine, kopek lespesda, buckthorn, cotton, twig-shaped eucalyptus and western tu I.

Content

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) affects almost the entire population of the planet. According to statistics, this figure is 90%. Only 5% of those infected have external manifestations of the disease; in the rest, it occurs without a pronounced clinical picture. According to available information, how to treat herpes on the body, you can use folk recipes, antiviral drugs, antibiotics and other medicines.

What is herpes on the body

Among viral infections, herpes is the most common disease. Translated from Greek it means a creeping disease that spreads on the skin. Characteristic manifestations of herpes are skin rashes and lesions of the mucous membranes in the form of a group of blisters. Infection occurs in different ways from people with active disease. Herpes occurs for no apparent reason. In addition, there are a number of factors that increase the risk of infection:

• colds, fever;
• prolonged exposure to the sun during midday hours;
• stress;
• physical overload and injury;
• use of certain medications;
• weakening of immune defense;
• menses;
• operations on the bones of the jaws and face;
• dental procedures.

The herpes virus has a pronounced localization and affects:

• skin;
• mucous membranes of the eyes and other facial organs;
• mucous membranes of the genital organs;
• central nervous system.

The disease is always chronic. Medicine knows about 200 varieties of the herpes virus. The initial entry of the pathogen into the body causes flu-like symptoms. Re-infection has a pronounced pattern and begins with a skin rash, blisters and sores on the lips, mouth, genital area, thighs, shoulders, along the trigeminal and intercostal nerves. The rash is accompanied by burning, itching, and pain. Photos show the location of the rash.

Treatment of herpes on the body

The patient experiences a general deterioration in his condition, body temperature rises, and the affected areas of the skin hurt. In some cases, disturbances in taste and olfactory sensations are observed, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness occur. Some patients experience fainting conditions that require prompt medical attention.

Treatment for herpes on the body includes the use of special medications, external and internal, and traditional methods of treatment are widely used. Special therapy is prescribed for pregnant and lactating women. The effectiveness of treatment depends on timely diagnosis, stage of the disease, and patient’s condition. The disease is especially difficult with complications in pregnant women, children and the elderly.

It is necessary to take preventive measures in a timely manner to avoid re-infection with the virus. Hardening, good nutrition, proper daily routine, strict adherence to personal hygiene rules, vitamin therapy and other ways to increase immunity will help prevent illness. Monitoring the condition involves taking tests for the presence of the pathogen and, if necessary, medical prescriptions. During illness, it is necessary to observe quarantine and limit any contact with healthy people.

A specialist must conduct an examination of the patient and decipher the results of laboratory tests. For this purpose, you need to consult a therapist. When diagnosing the herpes virus and its variety, he gives a referral to a specialist. Treatment is carried out by a dermatologist or dermatovenerologist if the rash appears on the mucous membranes of the genital organs. If symptoms of the disease appear in the eyes, you should consult an ophthalmologist for appointments.

Treatment of herpes on the body with medications

The herpes virus, having entered the body once, remains in it forever. With a decrease in immune defense, the disease makes itself felt. How to treat herpes on the body at the current level of development of medicine is not difficult. To quickly alleviate the patient’s condition, complex therapy is used, using various groups of drugs:

• antiviral drugs (or tablets for herpes on the body) are used at the stage of the disease, when blisters on the affected areas of the skin have not yet appeared;
• injections (or injections) are prescribed for complex disease;
• topical preparations (antiviral ointments, sprays) are necessary for treating affected areas of the skin;
• painkillers, including local ones, are used for severe pain;
• local wound-healing compounds help rapid healing of ulcers;
• antiseptics prevent the spread of the virus and protect against secondary infections;
• immunomodulators strengthen the body's defenses;
• vitamins have a general strengthening effect; during an exacerbation of the disease, vitamins A, E, C are of particular importance; B vitamins are additionally administered intramuscularly;
• antibiotics are used only in case of secondary infection and complications.

Ointment for herpes on the body

The most unpleasant symptom of virus activity is a herpes rash. Ointments are used to treat skin lesions on the face, body, and genital herpes. Antiviral drugs for external use have an oil base, which softens and heals wounds on the skin. The universal protective protein interferon, which is included in their composition, increases local immune defense. Ointments can be used for a long time, until the external signs of the disease completely disappear.

This pharmacological form is the main remedy for the treatment of colds on the lips, genitals, herpes zoster and chicken pox. In antiviral ointments, acyclovir and its derivatives are used as the active ingredient. This group of drugs includes Acyclovir, Zovirax, Viferon, Fenistil Pencivir, Oxolinic ointment and others.

The therapeutic effect of Zovirax ointment manifests itself quickly; within a few days the symptoms of the disease disappear. The drug contains penciclovir, a derivative of acyclovir. Apply a thin layer of ointment to the affected areas 5-6 times a day. Viferon ointment contains interferon. Apply to affected skin 4-5 times a day. The product is effective and safe; it can be used even by pregnant women in the early stages.

Pills

In severe cases of the disease, when the rash is localized on internal organs, and with frequent relapses, tablets or a complex of medications in tablet form are prescribed, which includes:

• antiherpetic drugs;
• stimulators of interferon synthesis;
• interferon preparations;
• other immunomodulators with antiviral action.

Antibiotics

Herpes is a DNA virus, so treatment is based on antiviral drugs in the normal course of the disease. The use of antibiotics, the action of which is aimed at suppressing pathogenic bacteria and fungal infections, is pointless when symptoms of herpes simplex appear. The use of antibacterial therapy is justified in cases of secondary infection, for example, staphylococcal, streptococcal, candidal.

Secondary infections that develop against the background of herpes include sore throat, pneumonia, chlamydia, pleurisy, purulent wounds on the skin, purulent intoxication. In these cases, the following is prescribed:

• antibiotics from the cephalosporin group (Axef, Suprax):
• macrolides (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin);
• lincosamides (Lincomycin, Clindamycin);
• antifungal drugs (Fluconazole, Metronidazole).

The course of antibiotic treatment is 5-10 days, its duration determines the severity of the concomitant disease. In parallel, antiviral therapy is carried out. In the stage of regression of skin herpes, antibiotic ointments (Tetracycline, Levomekol) are used as an additional medicine. At this stage of the disease, the blisters burst and the wounds become crusty; they are treated with ointments or lubricated with oils with an antibiotic effect (tea tree, fir).

Pain reliever for herpes zoster

Shingles is caused by the herpes virus and in most cases occurs in adult patients over 50 years of age. In addition to extensive blistering rashes on the skin, the disease is accompanied by severe pain. This is due to deep damage to nerve cells. Painful sensations appear even after the rash disappears, so painkillers are prescribed. Their use is necessary not only to alleviate the patient’s condition, but also to prevent complications from the central nervous system.

Treatment of herpes zoster on the body is prescribed in a comprehensive manner; several groups of medications are used as painkillers:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• tricyclic antidepressants;
• narcotic analgesics;
• medicines containing capsaicin;
• anticonvulsants.

In addition to the listed painkillers, novocaine blockade and electrical stimulation of the nerve through the skin are performed. The doctor prescribes painkillers. In the acute phase of the disease, preference is given to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac. These medications effectively relieve pain and inflammation.

In cases where non-steroidal painkillers do not have the desired effect, drugs from other groups are used. Among tricyclic antidepressants, Amitriptyline has proven itself well, among anticonvulsants - Gapapentin, among narcotic analgesics - Oxycodone. Any painkillers for herpes zoster must be taken until the pain completely disappears.

Immunity Boosters

A set of therapeutic measures in the treatment of herpes includes taking medications that increase the body's defenses while taking vitamin C. Treatment includes taking the drugs Amikxin, Arbidol, Kagocel. They stimulate the synthesis of interferon in the body, increasing cellular immunity. The drugs Levomax and Isoprinosine enhance the specific effect of antiviral drugs. To strengthen the immune system, it is advisable to take herbal-based medications. Among them are Immunal, Immunorm, they contain extracts of Eleutherococcus and Echinacea.

Antiviral tablets

Herpes occurs with varying degrees of severity. Special tablets for the treatment of the disease are prescribed only in severe cases or with frequent relapses. There is no point in taking pills for herpes on the lips if it appears once or twice a year. Antiherpetic tablets suppress the reproduction of viral particles and thereby block the spread of infection.

Tablet preparations Virolex and Zovirax contain acyclovir. Virdel, Valtrex, Vairova are developed on the basis of valacyclovir. Famciclovir is included in the tablets Minaker, Famacivir, Famvir. The effectiveness and efficiency of these drugs has been proven by treatment practice. The active substance enters the bloodstream and has a more pronounced clinical effect. A doctor should prescribe antiherpetic tablets; they, like any other medications, may have contraindications.

Injections

With frequent exacerbations, with a large area of ​​damage to the skin or mucous membranes, or severe pain, the doctor may prescribe injections against herpes. Antiviral and immunomodulatory injections are prescribed after examination, studying the course of the disease and taking into account the patient’s health condition. The best treatment is provided by complex therapy, which lasts 5-10 days. In the future, preventive injections are recommended to consolidate the result.

Treatment begins with injections of antiviral drugs (Panavir, Neovir, Laferon, Galavit, Ridostin), this significantly speeds up the patient’s recovery. Their choice, dosage, combinations, and treatment regimen are determined only by the doctor, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. After suppressing the activity of the virus, during the period of remission, treatment is continued with immunomodulators (Tactivin, Ferrovir, Human leukocyte interferon).

Treatment at home

At the first symptoms of virus activation (general deterioration of the condition, chills, itching in the area of ​​the skin where the rash should appear), measures must be taken promptly. A home medicine cabinet must have an effective arsenal of remedies. Acyclovir-based drugs (ointments, gels, sprays) are available at any pharmacy and are available without a prescription. To lubricate the inflamed areas, use Doctor Mom ointments, Golden Star, Herperax, and toothpaste. The use of hormonal ointments and other hormonal drugs is excluded, they affect the immune system.

Operative remedies for lubricating inflamed areas of the skin, which can be used at home, include fir oil, propolis tincture with chamomile, calendula ointment, chamomile cream. For the same purpose, you can mix fresh calendula juice with Vaseline. The first blisters of herpes can be treated with hydrogen peroxide and celandine decoction. Itching is well relieved by lotions with Corvalol. In parallel with treating the skin, you need to drink a restorative tea made from medicinal plants (lemon balm, bird cherry, juniper).

Nutrition

The key to a quick recovery is a special diet. The menu must include foods that are high in lysine and arginine. These amino acids promote good tissue regeneration and the production of antibodies. Useful substances are found in meat, fish, eggs, and lactic acid products. For the same purpose, the diet includes bran, green vegetables, cabbage, and pumpkin. Another requirement for the menu is a large amount of vitamins. Their irreplaceable source is fresh vegetables and fruits.

Prohibited foods for herpes include confectionery, sweets and chocolate. During treatment, you should not eat fried potatoes, tomatoes, grapes, citrus fruits, peanuts, or seeds. It is necessary to limit the consumption of salt, fatty meats, and flour products. With a long course of the disease, drinks with caffeine, alcohol, and soda are excluded.

Treatment of herpes on the body with folk remedies quickly

Folk remedies for herpes on the body include many recipes:

• You can quickly and effectively get rid of herpes on the lips using garlic by applying a cut clove or a gauze swab with garlic pulp.
• Apply a cut onion to the rash. This blocks the spread of the virus and dries out the wounds.
• Tar compresses help effectively fight rashes on different parts of the body.
• Drink 1 teaspoon of aloe juice 3 times a day before meals and lubricate the affected areas.
• Heat the ghee until it turns brown and apply it to the rashes.

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Found an error in the text? Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we will fix everything!

Discuss

How to treat herpes on the body in children and adults - causes and treatment with antiviral drugs

Herpes simplex - symptoms and treatment

What is herpes simplex? We will discuss the causes, diagnosis and treatment methods in the article by Dr. P.A. Aleksandrov, an infectious disease specialist with 12 years of experience.

Definition of disease. Causes of the disease

Herpes simplex is a highly contagious acute and chronic infectious disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is provoked by herpes simplex viruses types I and II, causing a typical blistering rash and ulcerations, usually of a localized nature. In people with severe immunodeficiency, these viruses can cause severe generalized forms of the disease.

The disease is part of the TORCH complex, as it affects the development of the fetus: during primary infection or reactivation (less often) in pregnant women, it causes a congenital infection.

Etiology

Family - Herpesviridae(from Greek herpes - creeping)

Subfamily - α-herpesviruses ( Alphaherpesvirinae)

Types - herpes simplex virus I, II ( Herpes simplex virus I, II)

They have a specific ability to attach to human integumentary tissues. This is accompanied by constant or periodic persistence - the ability to reproduce in infected cells without manifestations of pathological effects, i.e. simple inactive carriage.

Quite unstable in the external environment. At room temperature they are stored for up to a day, on metal - up to 2 hours. In 30 minutes it is destroyed by heat from 50°C. It disappears within minutes upon drying and under the influence of organic solvents - alcohol and chlorine-containing substances. At -70°C it can be stored for up to five days. Cultivation occurs in chicken embryos and cell cultures.

Epidemiology

More than 90% of the world's population is infected with this virus. After 30-40 years, almost 100% of people become infected with it, predominantly with type I of the virus.

Once infected, a person becomes a lifelong carrier of one or both types of the virus. There are no data on episodes of self-healing.

Recently, cases of carriage of the herpes simplex virus have appeared with the absence of specific IgG antibodies to both types of the virus. The clinical and epidemiological significance of this phenomenon is unknown. Perhaps this phenomenon is cross-related with individuals who are not susceptible to infection.

The source of infection is an infected person. It is contagious during any phase of the disease or carriage, but mainly during exacerbation.

The virus can be found in any biological fluid of the body - saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, vesicular discharge and others.

Receptivity is universal. The risk of infection increases when the skin and mucous membranes of a healthy person are injured and infected biological substrates come into contact with them. Moreover, the virus can be transmitted even in the absence of visible lesions in an infected person.

Most cases occur as inactive carriers. As a rule, a person initially acquires type I of the herpes simplex virus (from childhood), and type II appears during puberty. However, everything is relative.

The main methods of transmission of the virus:

• herpes type I - through the exchange of saliva, i.e. when talking, kissing, licking shared toys, etc.;
• herpes type 2 - during sexual intercourse.

In 20% of cases, an inverse relationship between the types of viruses and their modes of transmission is possible.

Transmission mechanism:

• airborne - aerosol and contact-household routes;
• contact - household contact, sexual, parenteral and transplantation routes;
• vertical - from mother to fetus through the blood, ascending route or during childbirth - when a child passes through an infected birth canal, and with the primary infection of a woman during pregnancy, the risk of transmission reaches 60%, and with an exacerbation of an existing herpetic infection - no more than 7%;
• horizontal - from wife to husband and vice versa.

It has been proven that infection with herpes type II increases the risk of infection and transmission.

If you notice similar symptoms, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate - it is dangerous for your health!

Symptoms of herpes simplex

The incubation period for the acquired form lasts 2-14 days. Most often, it cannot be installed due to lack of manifestation.

Herpes simplex in children usually proceeds according to the type of stomatitis and gingivitis - the temperature rises, fever appears, general intoxication, focal hyperemia (redness) of all mucous formations of the oral cavity, pain when chewing, increased salivation. Small children refuse to eat due to pain. In a short period of time, small vesicular rashes appear at the site of hyperemia, which quickly open, leaving behind painful erosions - aphthae. Regional lymph nodes enlarge and become painful. Over time, the immune system strengthens and the symptoms gradually regress without any traces of damage. Relapses are rare.

For skin lesions(mainly in adults) vesicular rashes often appear around the mouth, wings of the nose, and sometimes on the torso and buttocks. The rash consists of small vesicles with serous contents on a slightly hyperemic skin background. Subsequently, they open and dry out, after which crusts form without a trace.

Sometimes the bubbles merge into quite large bubbles. Often their contents fester, oozing forms, and a secondary streptococcal or staphylococcal infection (staphylo- and streptoderma) occurs.

General health, as a rule, does not change. Sometimes the regional lymph node may be slightly enlarged and painful. In general, the process rarely lasts more than a week.

For severe immunodeficiencies the infection may take a more widespread (generalized) course. In this case, a syndrome of general infectious intoxication occurs and internal organs are affected: the liver and spleen are enlarged, the nervous system is affected (meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, etc.), as well as the lungs, kidneys and other organs. With relapses of a chronic infection, patients sometimes feel mild discomfort and tingling in the area of ​​future rashes.

For genital herpes rashes appear on the skin and mucous membranes in the genital area and perineum. They are usually accompanied by soreness, hyperemia of the surrounding tissue, enlargement and tenderness of the inguinal lymph nodes. The frequency of relapse depends on the individual characteristics of the immune system.

For ophthalmoherpes- eye herpes - unilateral lesions are more often observed due to the transition of the primary process to the organ of vision, i.e., a secondary lesion occurs. Keratitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, uveitis, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis and other manifestations may be observed.

A very unusual form of manifestation of herpes simplex is known as Kaposi's eczema herpetiformis- herpetic eczema. As a rule, it occurs in people who have any skin disease or predisposition to it (dermatosis or “problem skin”). In this case, intoxication and high body temperature are observed, herpetic blisters appear everywhere, quite abundant and closely spaced, periodically merging, sometimes with hemorrhagic impregnation. In some cases, they suppurate, then they open, dry out and form a solid crust. When the rash is completely treated with green paint, the patient’s skin takes on the appearance of crocodile skin. The disease is often quite severe and can lead to death.

During pregnancy a child becomes infected:

• before childbirth - in 5% of cases (primary infection and ascending infection during this period are rare);
• during childbirth, i.e. when passing through the natural birth canal - in 95% of cases.

With primary infection of a pregnant woman in the first trimester or with ascending infection of the fetus, malformations often develop that are incompatible with life, or a miscarriage occurs, especially when infected with type II herpes virus, which is the infecting agent most often - up to 80% of cases.

When a pregnant woman is infected in the second and third trimesters, the risk of injury to the child is about 50%. At the same time, the liver and spleen enlarge, specific inflammation of the lungs, jaundice, metabolic disorders, malnutrition, meningoencephalitis, anemia and more occur. After birth, it can occur either in an asymptomatic subclinical form or have severe disabling consequences - blindness, severe damage to the central nervous system, deafness.

Pathogenesis of herpes simplex

The gateway to infection is damaged skin and mucous membranes.

The virus attaches to the surface of the epithelial cell, penetrates it and begins to multiply. This can lead to the death of the cell itself, and in a massive process - to obvious inflammatory processes, the appearance of characteristic hyperemia, vesicular rashes and the entry of the virus into the blood and lymph. In the blood, the virus is found on the surface of red blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets. During this period, the virus can enter various organs and tissues, including transmission to the fetus during primary infection of the mother during pregnancy.

The herpes simplex virus infects sensory nerve endings, paravertebral nerve ganglia. From there, neurogenic spread of the virus to the skin can occur, causing new rashes to appear. They are far from the place of initial implementation:

• when the virus spreads along the optic nerve, the organ of vision is affected;
• sometimes damage to the genitourinary area occurs, even in people who are not sexually active, etc.

If the immune system is adequate, the virus disappears from organs and tissues, but at the same time remains for life in sensitive nerve fibers. There it can be transmitted from cell to cell, bypassing the intercellular space, and ultimately becomes inaccessible to counteraction by the immune system - the so-called. "immune escape". After this, the virus may never again have manifest manifestations, but with immune disorders - T-cell immunodeficiency, disruption of interferon production and macrophage function - its reactivation, hyperreplication, release from neurosensory depots and again damage to the skin and mucous membranes are possible.

Predisposing factors for viral reactivation may be:

• stress;
• acute or chronic diseases;
• hormonal disorders.

Macrophages play one of the key roles in the appearance of symptoms of herpes simplex. They “allow” or “do not allow” the virus to multiply within themselves (the so-called permissiveness). In the first option, an infection with pronounced symptoms develops, in the second - a subclinical picture of the disease.

A special role is played by increasing the body's sensitivity to virus antigens. It manifests itself in the development of local allergic reactions of a delayed type in areas of rash. With AIDS, this reactivation acquires a generalized secondary character with damage to most internal organs - the brain, liver, lungs, kidneys and others.

Immunity during infection with the herpes simplex virus is type-specific (against type I or II of the virus), only partially cross-linked. It does not prevent exacerbation of the disease, but prevents secondary generalization (with the exception of AIDS-associated conditions) and infection of the fetus.

Classification and stages of development of herpes simplex

In ICD-10(International Classification of Diseases) are divided into two groups associated with the herpes simplex virus:

1. Infectious herpetic diseases:
2. herpetic eczema (Kaposi's eczema);
3. herpetic vesicular dermatitis;
4. herpetic gingivostomatitis and pharyngotonsillitis;
5. herpetic meningitis;
6. herpetic encephalitis;
7. ophthalmoherpes;
8. disseminated herpetic disease (herpetic sepsis);
9. other forms of herpes infections;
10. unspecified herpes infection.
11. Genital herpetic infections:
12. herpetic infections of the perianal skin and rectum;
13. unspecified anogenital herpetic infection.

By severity Herpes simplex happens:

• light;
• moderate;
• severe (with complications).

According to the form of occurrence diseases are distinguished:

• acquired herpes:
• primary herpes;
• recurrent herpes;
• congenital herpes.

According to the form and prevalence of infection There are four stages of herpes simplex:

• latent stage - carriage with no symptoms;
• localized stage - single lesion;
• advanced stage - at least two lesions;
• generalized stage - visceral, disseminated.

According to the clinical picture and localization of rashes There are two forms of herpes simplex:

Complications of herpes simplex

Diagnosis of herpes simplex

Laboratory diagnostics:

Differential diagnosis:

Patients with complicated forms of herpes simplex are subject to hospitalization in an infectious diseases hospital. The remaining patients, in the absence of serious concomitant conditions, can be treated at home on an outpatient basis.

There are two strategies for etiotropic treatment:

1. On demand- in the absence of frequent relapses, it is necessary to take a loading dosage of acyclovir-containing drugs throughout the day as early as possible. This allows you to interrupt the process and prevent the development of rashes.
2. Long-term anti-relapse treatment- in case of exacerbation of herpes simplex, once every 1-2 months or more often, daily use of direct antiviral drugs is indicated for a period of at least one year, during which the immune system responsible for the antiherpetic immune response is restored and “rested.”

The use of topical agents in the form of ointments and creams has limited and ineffective results.

Highly effective etiotropic treatment may well be supplemented with means of increasing the body’s immune defense (if the body has reserves) and vitamin therapy.

As a result of long-term therapy, specific vaccination is carried out to stimulate the cellular mechanisms of antiherpetic immunity.

Forecast. Prevention

In uncomplicated forms of the disease, the prognosis is favorable; in generalized forms or forms with damage to the central nervous system, the prognosis is serious, with possible death or disability.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, prevention and treatment of concomitant diseases, and avoiding hypothermia and stress are important in preventing the development of manifest infection.

No special restrictive measures are taken for the disease. The patient should be provided with individual dishes, and kissing uninfected people should not be allowed.

For genital herpes, a highly effective measure is the use of a condom. Regular use of antiherpetic drugs for already infected people provides a certain reduction in the risk of spreading the infection.

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with genital herpes in the presence of frequent relapses, a high viral load in the genital area and birth canal, then the patient is advised to take prophylactic antiherpetic drugs, starting from the 36th week of pregnancy until childbirth (if a natural birth is planned). Or a planned caesarean section is performed.

No vaccination has been developed to prevent herpes simplex infection. The vaccine is used only to reduce the number of relapses.