Otitis

Social work with convicted disabled people. Social work with convicts of retirement age, disabled people and the elderly

One of the most socially vulnerable categories in a correctional institution (PI) are elderly and disabled convicts. They have a complex set of intractable social problems and needs that pose a threat to their equal existence in the correctional institution, which they cannot resolve on their own. These convicts need various types of constant assistance (material, moral-psychological, medical, legal, penitentiary-pedagogical and other), support, and protection.

Social work with them is a priority and mandatory for a specialist; it takes on the nature of support, comprehensive services with the involvement of doctors, psychologists, educators, and representatives of social protection authorities.

Among elderly convicts, there are rarely people in whom aging is a natural physiological process of gradual decline in psychophysiological functions, withering of the body and personality changes, which is called normal old age. Naturally aging convicts are characterized by physical and mental activity, developed compensatory and adaptation mechanisms, and a high ability to work.

Often, convicts who show significant pathological deviations in the aging process associated with various diseases, violations of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms, disharmony of life processes and their manifestations are serving their sentences in a correctional institution. The restructuring of the mechanisms of higher nervous activity that occurs during aging forms the basis of age-related changes in human mental activity and behavior. First of all, this concerns such a complex phenomenon as intelligence. In old age, the most important becomes the ability to solve problems related to the use of already accumulated experience and information. In the emotional sphere, there is an uncontrollable tendency toward hostility and aggressiveness towards others, and the prediction of the consequences of one’s actions and the actions of others is weakened. Among the psychological processes that are most affected by age-related changes is the weakening of memory. Age-related changes can significantly change a person’s mental makeup and personality. Among the characteristics considered typical for old age are conservatism, a desire for moral teaching, touchiness, egocentrism, withdrawal into memories, self-absorption, which in the case we are considering is aggravated by imprisonment.

Elderly convicts are heterogeneous in terms of education level, work experience, health status, marital status, number of criminal records and total time spent in prison. Most of them do not have sufficient work experience or the right to receive an old-age pension. All this causes them uncertainty about their future, as well as a fear of old age and a hostile attitude towards it, which is especially aggravated among the lonely, as well as the sick and physically infirm.

A social work specialist must take into account the general features and characteristics of elderly convicts and carry out an individual approach to them when implementing various technologies and measures of psychological and pedagogical influence, taking into account the general patterns of aging and the individual identity of the elderly person.

Along with elderly convicts, disabled convicts are serving their sentences in correctional institutions. A large number of convicted disabled people are often sick or have chronic diseases, half of them experience difficulties in everyday services and cannot do without outside help. An impressive part of the considered category of convicts is not only socially maladjusted, but also deprived of social connections. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the main of all social problems at the personal level - disability for objective reasons - cannot be completely resolved, therefore, rehabilitation and educational measures should be supplemented with psychological assistance in changing attitudes towards the state of one’s health and searching for opportunities for self-compensation and self-realization in the current circumstances .

In penitentiary institutions, conducting social work with convicted disabled people is to one degree or another hampered by their social limitations, which must be taken into account by the social worker:

? physical restriction or isolation of a disabled person. This is due to either physical, sensory, or intellectual and mental disabilities that interfere with independent movement or orientation in space;
? labor segregation, or isolation. Due to his pathology, an individual with disabilities has extremely narrow access to jobs or does not have it at all;
? poverty. These people are forced to exist either on low wages or on benefits that cannot be sufficient to ensure a decent standard of living for the individual;
? spatial-environmental barrier. The organization of the living environment itself is not friendly towards the disabled person;
? information barrier. Disabled people have difficulty obtaining information, both general and relevant directly to them;
? emotional barrier. Unproductive emotional reactions of others regarding a disabled person.

Convicts who are disabled serve their sentences in correctional institutions of various types and regimes. In most cases, these are persons who, before being convicted and sent to prison, received an assessment of their ability to work and health status by state expert medical commissions at their place of residence. But there is also a category of convicts who became disabled in the process of suppressing the criminal offenses they committed and during the execution of criminal punishment. Examination of the latter is carried out during the process of serving the sentence by territorial expert and medical commissions at the location of the correctional institutions.

A medical and social examination of a convicted person is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the MSE public service institution.

The application of the convicted person, the referral to medical and preventive medical examination of a medical institution of the penal system and other medical documents confirming health problems are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is being held to the territorial institutions of the state medical and medical examination service. In order to draw up an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person, examination of convicts in institutions of the state service MSE is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional facility where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.

If a convicted person is recognized as disabled, an MSE certificate in the established form is sent to the correctional facility and stored in the personal file of the convicted person.

An extract from the certificate of examination of the civil service institution of the ITU of the convicted person recognized as disabled, as well as the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability, the need for additional types of assistance, is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution, for appointment , recalculation and organization of pension payment. In case of release from a correctional institution of a convicted person whose disability has not expired, an ITU certificate is issued to him.

In his work with elderly and disabled prisoners, a social work specialist focuses on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of the aging process or chronic disease. This can be achieved by making their life active. Therefore, special attention should be paid to organizing the free time of this category of convicts (they will need this skill in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled). To maintain intelligence at a certain level, it is important to involve these convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.

A significant place in working with elderly and disabled convicts in a correctional institution is occupied by the organization and implementation of health-improving and preventive measures with them, including, along with measures of a purely medical nature, also socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures.

Sanitary educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting, publication of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, memos, the use of posters, slogans, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.

According to Art. 103 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, convicted men over 60 years of age and convicted women over 55 years of age, as well as convicted persons who are disabled people of groups I and II, can be employed only at their request in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on labor and social protection of disabled people. Therefore, when involving this category of convicts in productive work, it is necessary to take into account the physiological capabilities of the aging organism and the general state of psychophysical functions (memory, perception, thinking, imagination, attention). The penal legislation provides for working convicts - disabled people of groups I and II, as well as elderly convicts: certain benefits:

? increasing the duration of annual paid leave to 18 working days;
? recruitment to work without pay only at their request;
? increasing the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of their accrued wages, pensions and other income.

Particular attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of elderly and disabled convicts for release from correctional institutions.

Preparation of convicts for release includes several stages:

? accounting of convicts released at the end of their sentence;
? The main element of preparing elderly and disabled convicts for release from correctional institutions is documentation. This is to provide convicts released from correctional institutions with all the necessary documents. The main one, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of a convicted person, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost it for various reasons;
? restoration of socially useful connections of convicts (sending requests to the police department for this purpose, correspondence with relatives, etc.). Of particular importance in this case is the interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution;
? conducting individual conversations with each person released, during which life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and responsibilities of citizens during the job search are explained, issues of household arrangements, etc. are clarified;
? registration of social cards for every convicted person with mandatory handing over upon release. Specialists from both the administration of the institution executing the punishment and other services participate in drawing up a social map. Maps are compiled to ensure full accounting of persons released from the institution for submission to local government bodies, employment institutions, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence;
? payment for the convict's travel to the destination upon release. If necessary, escort to the train and purchase of travel documents are provided;
? development of methodological materials containing information necessary for those released on issues of social services, medical care, paperwork (passports, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. This methodological material allows a person being released from a penal institution to develop certain knowledge about social reality;

It is also necessary to identify convicts who have the right to receive a pension and take timely measures to provide them with pensions after their release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions and state pensions. After the release of a pensioner from places of imprisonment, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of imprisonment and a registration document issued by the registration authorities.

Basic documents that need to be prepared by a social work specialist to assign pensions:

? statement of the convicted person;
? passport of the convicted person;
? certificates confirming the place of stay or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;
? insurance certificate of state pension insurance;
? documents on labor activity - work book; a certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension benefits;
? documents establishing disability and the degree of limitation of ability to work;
? information about disabled family members, death of the breadwinner; confirming family relations with the deceased breadwinner, that the deceased was a single mother; about the death of the other parent.

A social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the pension authorities, monitors the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the assignment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If work experience cannot be confirmed or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 years for men and 55 years of age for women, or a state social disability pension.

Every elderly or disabled convict must clearly understand where he is going after release, what awaits him, what conditions will be created for him and how he should behave in them. Frail and disabled persons who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release are accompanied by medical staff. Preparatory work is being carried out with persons who do not have family or relatives to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to draw up the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type there is constant monitoring of compliance with the rules of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty.

An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of convicts of retirement age, disabled people and the elderly who are being released from a correctional facility is the preparation and issuance of a “Remote Release.” It includes: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure, the employment service, pensions, and going to court; about the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, night shelters, social assistance services, dispensaries, “helplines”, passport services, etc.).

Thus, the provision of social assistance to convicts of retirement age, disabled people and the elderly in correctional institutions is a logically structured system of social activities. At the same time, the practical preparedness of this category of those who have served their sentences for release is of great importance. Its effectiveness is of significant importance in resolving issues of social, everyday, labor rehabilitation and their social adaptation to life in freedom.

Security questions

1. What main areas of social work with convicts in correctional institutions can you name?

2. What are the specifics of social work with juvenile convicts?
3. What are the main forms of social work with convicted women in correctional institutions?
4. What are the features of social work with elderly and disabled convicts in correctional institutions?

Literature

Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation.

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated December 30, 2005 No. 262 “On approval of the Regulations on the social protection group for convicts of a correctional institution of the penal system.”

Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with convicts in penitentiary institutions: textbook, manual for beginners in social work of penitentiary institutions. Ryazan, 2006.

Social work in the penal system: textbook, manual / S.A. Luzgin [et al.J; under general ed. Yu.I. Kalinina. 2nd ed., rev. Ryazan, 2006.

Social work in penitentiary institutions: textbook, manual / ed. prof. A.N. Sukhova. M., 2007.

Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with prisoners in correctional institutions. Ryazan, 2006.P. 61-62.

^ 10.1. Main directions of social work with convicts in correctional institutions

Social work with convicts is an integral part and element of a multi-level system of state and non-state assistance to citizens in difficult life situations. This is a specific type of professional activity to provide social assistance, support and protection to convicts for the purpose of their correction and resocialization during the execution of a criminal sentence, as well as adaptation (readaptation) in society after release.

Social work specialists carry out their activities in accordance with the Regulations on the social protection group for convicts of a correctional institution of the penal system. This document defines the purpose and content, its main goals, objectives, functions, rights and responsibilities of employees, as well as a list of documentation compiled and maintained by social work specialists.

The goal of social work with convicts in a correctional institution is to create the prerequisites for the correction and resocialization of convicts, as well as for their successful adaptation after release from prison.

The main tasks of such work in a correctional institution are:

Identifying and solving social problems of convicts, providing them with differentiated social assistance;

Organization and provision of social protection for all categories of convicts, especially those in need (pensioners, disabled people, those who have lost family ties, transferred from correctional colonies, the elderly, those suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, those without a specific place of residence, patients with incurable or intractable diseases);

Assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving the sentence;

Assistance in restoring and strengthening socially useful connections of convicts, their work and everyday life after release, resolving issues related to the pension provision of convicts;

Identification of persons and taking measures to obtain documents identifying the convicted person, as well as confirming his right to social security;

Involvement of specialists from various social protection services in providing assistance to convicts, including advisory assistance;

Involving the public in solving social problems of convicts, including in labor and everyday life after

Assistance in the social development of the convicted person, including improving their social culture, developing social needs, changing normative value orientations, increasing the level of social self-control;

Preparing convicts for release, organizing classes at the “School for preparing convicts for release,” involving the interested services of the institution and municipal social services in their implementation.

Social work is carried out with all convicts in need of material, legal, psychological and other assistance.

The objects of activity of social work specialists in a correctional institution are persons sentenced to imprisonment for committing crimes provided for by law, who need outside help, who find themselves in a difficult life situation from which they cannot get out on their own. These include: disabled people, the elderly, pensioners; oppressed, drug addicts, alcoholics; pregnant women; women with young children; patients with incurable and difficult-to-treat diseases; juvenile convicts; convicts who do not have a permanent place of residence; convicts with mental abnormalities; those released from serving a sentence for various reasons, having social problems in employment, living arrangements and medical and social nature.

When carrying out their professional activities, social work specialists are guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal laws, laws and regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, other ministries and departments, as well as the Regulations on the social group protection of convicts of a correctional institution of the penal system.

The management of the social protection group for convicts is carried out by the deputy head of the correctional institution for personnel and educational work.

It consists of a senior specialist in social work with convicts and a senior inspector for labor and living arrangements for convicts. The staffing level of the group is determined taking into account the limit and staffing of the institution, but not less than 2 positions per institution.

In order to more effectively solve the assigned tasks, the group interacts with other services of the correctional institution, as well as with relatives of convicts, public organizations (associations), employment and social protection services, and other government bodies.

The main functions of the social protection group for convicts are the following:

Carrying out social diagnostics of convicts, identifying people in need of priority social assistance, developing individual programs to work with them;

A comprehensive study of the personality of convicts in need of social assistance, together with employees of psychological and other services of the correctional institution;

Providing people in need with qualified social assistance, encouraging convicts to independently solve their social problems;

Promoting the strengthening of positive social ties of convicts with the external social environment: with family, relatives, work collectives and educational institutions, public and religious organizations (associations);

Involving convicts in activities to resolve social issues, organizational and methodological management of the work of the social assistance section;

Organization of continuous work to prepare convicts for release;

Providing assistance in matters of labor and living arrangements for convicts being released from a correctional institution.

In accordance with the Regulations, a senior social work specialist carries out activities aimed at preparing them for release. He facilitates their acquisition of education, profession and work skills, requests and receives from other services of the correctional institution information about the identity of the convict necessary for his professional activities. Together with other employees of the correctional institution, he distributes convicts into primary teams (detachments, departments, brigades, classrooms, groups). When sending documents to the court to consider the issue of conditionally early release of convicts from serving their sentences, upon submitting them to replace the unserved part of the sentence with a more lenient form, participates in the preparation and consideration of characteristics. In the work of the detachment's council of educators, it provides methodological assistance, makes proposals for the social security of convicts, and monitors the implementation of recommendations on social issues. Within the framework of official powers, he interacts with representatives of government bodies, organizations of various forms of ownership on issues of social protection and support for prisoners. To restore, maintain and strengthen socially useful connections of convicts, develop behavioral skills in the family, and assist in organizing communication with the immediate social environment. He also has the right to make proposals to the management of the correctional institution on the application of incentives and penalties to convicts.

A senior social work specialist carries out social diagnostics, identifies social problems of specific convicts and their groups and determines ways to resolve them. Together with the concerned services of the correctional institution, he draws up a social map of the convict and quarterly work plans for the social protection group for convicts. And also his functional responsibilities include providing individual assistance to convicts, informing and advising them on issues of pensions and other social security, and managing the section of social assistance to convicts. It is important in the activities of a social work specialist to keep records of the work done, analyze its results and influence on the correction of convicts.

The senior inspector for the labor and living conditions of convicts has the right to: request and receive from other services of the correctional institution information necessary for professional activities; take part in the work of the detachment’s teacher council, provide methodological assistance to the colony staff council, and amateur organizations of convicts; carry out, within the framework of official powers, interaction with representatives of government bodies, organizations with various forms of ownership, interested in the labor and living arrangements of convicts.

Senior inspector for labor and living conditions of convicts, within the framework of his duties:

Explains the provisions of the current legislation concerning the rights and responsibilities of those being released, the procedure for providing convicts with assistance in employment and everyday life, processing documents and obtaining registration;

Interacts with local government bodies, the Federal Employment Service and internal affairs bodies at the convicted person’s chosen place of residence, boards of trustees, other public and religious organizations (associations), employers in the preliminary resolution of issues of labor and household arrangements for those released;

Establishes, if necessary, contacts with relatives of the convicted person or other persons in order to prepare the family or other persons for his upcoming release from the correctional institution; takes part in organizing and conducting practical classes to prepare convicts for release;

Keeps records of the work done, summarizes and analyzes its results, submits relevant information and proposals for improving professional activities to the management of the institution.

In accordance with the Regulations under consideration, employees of the social protection group for convicts maintain certain documentation. A senior specialist in social work with convicts draws up a social passport for convicts in a correctional institution, a social card for a convict, a register of pensioners and persons entitled to receive pensions and social benefits, reports on the work of the social protection group for convicts, a log of the reception of convicts on social issues.

The social passport of convicts of a correctional institution (drawn up on January 1 and July 1) reflects the list of the institution, the age of convicts, education, the number of students studying at school or by correspondence (by distance learning), in a vocational school, the number of convicts who do not have a profession. Also, this document contains an updated number of pensioners (for old age and disability) and disabled people (groups I, II, III), believers who constantly perform religious rituals, employed convicts and their average wages. Much attention in the passport is paid to the marital status of convicts, the presence of children, and maintaining family ties. Along with this, the social work specialist includes the number of convicts: pupils of orphanages, boarding schools, persons who do not have a permanent place of residence, who do not have a passport in their personal file. As a result, the distribution data appears according to the number of convictions, according to the conditions of serving the sentence (ordinary, light, strict), according to the number of difficult-to-educate persons; transferred from a correctional colony; those suffering from alcohol and drug addiction; who filed complaints about physical violence.

The social card of a convicted person contains such individual information about each person as: biographical data, family ties, education, work experience, health status, other personality characteristics, recommendations for carrying out social work with him. A social card is issued by a specialist to a convicted person being released from a correctional institution in order to receive the necessary assistance from the social protection of the population and other organizations at the place of residence.

The senior inspector for the labor and living conditions of convicts compiles and maintains: a log of classes at the “School for preparing convicts for release,” which begins for everyone 6 months before the end of the term; register of persons released from a correctional institution; a list of institutions providing social security and providing social assistance to citizens (social protection authorities, municipal employment centers, homes for the elderly and disabled, rehabilitation and adaptation centers, shelters, social hotels, overnight stay homes, etc.).

In their activities, specialists of the social protection group constantly diagnose current social problems of convicts and, in accordance with its results, plan and carry out their work.

The main directions of their work in a correctional institution are: identifying the social problems of convicts, preparing for release, providing them with social assistance, issuing identification documents and confirming the right to social security, assistance in restoring socially useful connections, labor and household arrangements after release. Social work is carried out with all categories of people in prison, who find themselves in a difficult life situation from which they cannot escape on their own.

^ 10.2. Specifics of social work with juvenile convicts in correctional institutions

In Russia, one of the most vulnerable groups of the population are teenagers who have committed an offense and are serving their sentences in educational colonies. Organizing social work in these institutions is a difficult task for social work specialists.

In the absolute majority, a juvenile offender is a person with habits, inclinations, and stable stereotypes of antisocial behavior. Only a few of them commit crimes by accident. The rest are characterized by: constant demonstration of disdain for the norms of generally accepted behavior (foul language, appearing drunk, pestering citizens, damaging public property, etc.); following negative customs and traditions, addiction to alcoholic beverages, drugs, participation in gambling; vagrancy, systematic escapes from home, educational and other institutions; early sexual intercourse, sexual promiscuity; systematic manifestation, including in non-conflict situations, of malice, vindictiveness, rudeness, and acts of violent behavior; culpable creation of conflict situations, constant quarrels in the family, terrorizing parents and other family members; cultivation of hostility towards other groups of minors who are distinguished by academic success and disciplined behavior; the habit of appropriating everything that is bad, that can be taken away from the weak with impunity.

The personality of a criminal, in particular a minor, is a set of socio-demographic, moral and legal properties, signs of connections, relationships that characterize the person who committed the crime. The personality of a juvenile offender has not yet been formed and is in the process of its further development (Orekhov V.V., 2006).

The problem of social work with juvenile convicts requires, first of all, a careful study of the social environment into which teenagers find themselves, namely the educational colony.

On the one hand, a correctional colony opens up wide educational and pedagogical opportunities for the return of convicted minors to a law-abiding working lifestyle in society. On the other hand, the criminal world, the prison environment, is a special world with its own laws and rules that ensure survival for those who strictly adhere to them. Along with legal and psychological factors of social isolation, they influence the emergence of various kinds of deviations in the behavior of convicts.

The colony especially cruelly traumatizes the fragile psyche of teenagers aged 14-18 years. Severe, irreversible mental deformations of the individual are possible here. A significant proportion of teenagers become delinquents due to their existing mental anomalies, psychopathy and personal accentuations. This mental disadaptation in the conditions of the colony is even more aggravated.

The activities of a social worker, upon admission of a juvenile convict to a colony, are aimed at providing favorable conditions for the adaptation of convicts to conditions of imprisonment, providing social protection for convicts while serving their sentences, solving social problems, restoring and strengthening socially useful connections, assistance in employment and everyday life after release.

Social work begins from the moment convicts enter quarantine and is carried out continuously until release. A newly arrived convict stays in the quarantine department of a correctional institution for 15 days. There, a complete registration of admitted convicts and social diagnostics are carried out: the educational and cultural level is revealed, connections with the external environment are established, and other social problems are revealed. The social worker finds out the nature of the relationship between the convicted person and their parents, the situation in the family, and sends letters to relatives, explaining the need for support. It should be noted that the majority of people serving sentences are pedagogically neglected, with a low level of education, morally devastated, and embittered.

During the stay of newly arrived convicts in the quarantine department, a social work specialist, together with the convict, develops a plan of individual assistance from both the social worker himself and the psychologist, doctors, teachers and other employees of the correctional institution, as well as self-help, intensifying the convict’s own efforts to solve identified problems. When developing such a plan, the social work specialist takes the following sequential actions:

A) informs about the procedure for legislative regulation of certain issues related to the provision of individual assistance and the solution of existing social problems;

B) reveals the material capabilities and capabilities of correctional institution specialists to provide individual social assistance to a convicted person;

C) analyzes the potential of external resources that convicts can count on to receive social assistance;

D) with each specialist from whom the convicted person intends to receive help, a meeting-conversation is held individually, the results of which are entered into the official documentation of the social work specialist.

An important need on the part of the staff of the educational colony is to ensure the success of the process of adaptation to the conditions of deprivation of liberty, which depends on a number of factors: understanding the meaning and necessity of the legal restrictions to which the teenager is subjected; awareness of the seriousness of your new position; inclusion in activities to find ways that could legally alleviate the situation, the influence of other convicts.

Increasing the effectiveness of social adaptation among convicted minors is facilitated by the joint actions of the administration, psychologist, social and medical workers, and physical education instructor, which will allow achieving the harmonious development of adolescents.

When conducting social work with this category, great attention should be paid to the involvement of adolescents in learning. An important point is the organization of training at school, vocational school, and the acquisition of labor skills at an enterprise, so that upon release, each student has a specialty that is in demand on the labor market in the modern economic conditions of Russia.

For those juvenile convicts who have an education, it is important to develop an interest in work. Labor activities in a correctional institution are organized in accordance with labor legislation for minors. In accordance with Art. 104 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, convicted persons are granted annual paid leave. All time worked is included in the length of service. In connection with the introduction of the new labor code of the Russian Federation, all convicts, as they are enrolled in a training and production workshop, are provided with work books.

Much attention must be paid to organizing the free time of convicts. Social workers, together with school teachers, organize numerous amateur arts, technical creativity, choreography, and vocal clubs. Sports occupy an important place in the lives of convicts. Friendly meetings in volleyball, basketball, and football are of great social importance for teaching minors to lead a healthy lifestyle.

In accordance with Art. 142 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, an approximate Regulation on the board of trustees of educational colonies was approved, which are created to assist the administration of the educational colony in strengthening the material and technical base, in resolving issues of social protection of convicts, labor and living arrangements for released persons. They include representatives of local governments, public associations, organizations, institutions, and joint-stock companies. Members of the board of trustees visit the correctional colony in the prescribed manner, get acquainted, within the limits of their competence, with its activities, meet with convicts, conduct conversations with them, and facilitate the timely and correct consideration of their applications and complaints. They visit the colony on holidays and take part in ceremonial functions.

Of great importance for the social preparation of pupils for release is the use of such incentives as the right to leave the educational colony, accompanied by parents and the right to attend events and a correctional officer. Free communication with family in a relaxed atmosphere is a powerful positive impulse for the pupil. The holding of a parent conference - an open day - and trips of pupils outside the colony based on the results of a labor competition turn into a real holiday for the pupils.

In accordance with the Instruction on providing assistance in employment and everyday life, as well as providing assistance to convicts released from serving sentences in correctional institutions of the penal system (dated January 13, 2006 No. 2), preparation for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions institution, begins no later than six months before the end of the term of imprisonment. It includes conducting a conversation with each convict, during which it becomes clear where he intends to live, work or study after his release from prison, and also makes it possible to find out whether there is a connection with relatives, the nature of the relationship with them, his life plans, readiness to support life in freedom. A social work specialist explains to a convicted minor the advisability of returning to his place of permanent residence and to the enterprise where he worked before his conviction. Classes at the school for preparing convicts for release are conducted by: a social work specialist, an inspector for labor and living conditions, psychologists, employees of the special department, the operational department, the accounting department, teachers, employees of the employment center and the Federal Migration Service are invited.

The main topics of the classes may be the following: the rights and responsibilities of convicts released from prison; the procedure for registering and assigning a pension in the event of loss of a breadwinner or disability during the period of release; procedure for contacting the employment service department, training in independent job search skills, writing a resume; social diseases of society and their prevention; procedure for obtaining a medical insurance policy; documents issued to convicts released from prison; providing financial assistance to convicts, paying for travel for those released from serving a sentence, issuing funds stored in personal accounts; psychological trainings with the development of appropriate psychological attitudes; cooperation with the Department of Social Protection of the Population; legal advice on registration issues, rules for using residential premises, clarification of the norms of current legislation.

Juvenile convicts subject to release from educational colonies are sent to the place of residence of relatives or other persons, to whom a social work specialist informs about the day of release of the juvenile convict and invites them to come to the juvenile colony to meet and accompany him to his place of residence. If the convicted minor who is being released does not have relatives or other persons, the social worker, together with the administration of the colony, sends a request to the guardianship and trusteeship authority, the juvenile affairs division of the internal affairs body and the commission on juvenile affairs and the protection of their rights, formed by the local government body, in its former form. place of residence with a request to resolve the issue of placing such a person at work or study and providing him with living space. In necessary cases, after release, a convicted minor may be sent to a boarding school or other educational institution under state care or transferred to the guardianship and trusteeship authorities. Convicted minors under the age of 16 are sent to their place of residence accompanied by relatives or other persons or a social worker of the correctional institution. The release from a correctional facility of persons who have served their sentences includes the issuance of things belonging to them, valuables, clothing necessary for the season in the absence of it; providing free travel to your place of residence, food or money for the duration of the trip.

Thus, the social work carried out in educational colonies is aimed at providing social assistance, support and protection to convicted minors, with the aim of their correction, resocialization and return to society as full-fledged citizens of our country.

^ 10.3. Forms of social work with convicted women in correctional institutions

The increase in the proportion of women among the total number of convicts in Russia confirms scientific data about their high vulnerability, inability to resolve their problems in a non-criminal way, low security and adaptability to changing socio-economic conditions. In this situation, convicted women are not only criminals, but also victims of social ill-being who need comprehensive help and support.

A generalized social portrait of a convicted woman, according to the census of convicts, shows that recently her average age is 37.1 years. At the same time, the proportion of young people aged 18 to 29 has increased significantly. The ratio of age groups of convicts - mothers indicates that the category over 40 years of age dominates (38%), slightly less (34%) are persons in the age range from 20 to 30 years. Most of them are in one of the most socially productive ages - from 30 to 39 years. The average sentence was 5.7 years. The level of secondary education of women deprived of liberty has decreased slightly, but the number of those with higher and secondary specialized (vocational) education has noticeably increased. The number of convicted mothers with secondary and secondary specialized (vocational) education has increased. The most common offenses among criminals are: murder, causing grievous harm resulting in death; robbery; hooliganism, fraud, theft, extortion.

Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. propose the following classification of convicted women serving sentences in a correctional institution:

1) convicted women with short terms of imprisonment, who have serious social problems, primarily related to the lack of documents necessary for re-socialization;

2) women with physical disabilities, disabled people, the elderly, single people;

3) women who have:

Young children in a children's home at a correctional institution;

Children “at liberty” and having parental rights;

Children “at liberty” and deprived of parental rights;

4) women who are in a registered or actual marriage that is under threat of disintegration;

5) inclined:

To suicide and auto-aggression;

I'll run away;

Alcohol and drug use;

Lesbianism (performing both male and female roles);

Committing terrorist acts and taking hostages;

6) aggressive, with mental abnormalities, capable of committing any violent criminal offenses in a correctional institution;

7) fabricated rumors that lead to conflicts, their development and negative consequences;

8) transferred from an educational colony to a correctional colony;

9) women who have been repeatedly convicted and support the traditions of the criminal world;

10) patients with an active form of tuberculosis, HIV-infected, who base their behavior in correctional institutions on the principle “I don’t care about dying - so I behave as I want and do what I want.”

It is very difficult for many of them to independently resolve a difficult life situation and return to normal life after release. This results in irreversible losses for the woman herself, her microenvironment, family, and society as a whole. It is obvious that convicted women need special comprehensive legal, psychological, pedagogical, and social assistance, the system of which constitutes the essence and features of social work with them.

The work of a social work specialist begins with the arrival of women at a correctional institution, while in the quarantine department (up to 15 days), continues at the main stage of serving their sentence and the final stage, associated with intensive preparation for their release.

Social work in quarantine is aimed at identifying problems and adapting prisoners to a correctional institution. The most profound understanding of the personality of a particular convict and her problems is provided by diagnostics. Personality questionnaires, tests, individual conversations, life path analysis, observation and other forms and methods make it possible to identify not just the characteristics of the convicted person, but significant properties, typical mental states, criminogenic qualities, and criminal behavior. Based on the diagnostic results, a psychological portrait, a resocialization card for a particular convict, and a social passport are compiled.

Specialists carry out individual work with the convicted mother. It is important to identify the location of the child, family, as well as the type of maternal relationship to the son or daughter.

In addition, the program for the primary study of the personality of a mother serving a sentence in prison provides for the analysis of socio-demographic data, specific conditions and circumstances of her upbringing, formation and development, identification of risk factors (hereditary, family, social) that influenced the history and image life, the results of upbringing and development, the deformation of maternal qualities, which in their totality naturally determine criminal behavior, conviction and subsequent punishment.

At the end of the adaptation period in quarantine, correctional facility specialists draw up an individual resocialization program for the convict. This program contains:

1. Socio-demographic data;

2.Data on criminal prosecution;

4. Information about the inclinations, abilities, and physical characteristics of the convicted person;

5.Plans and intentions of the convicted woman for the period of serving her sentence and the results of their implementation in various areas:

Help in solving vital problems,

Receiving benefits provided by law,

Participation in socially useful work,

State of health, personal hygiene,

Participation in group events

Obtaining education and training,

Preparation for release, including solving everyday and housing issues,

Additional information, comments, conclusions;

7.Assessment of the participation of the convicted person in the implementation of the resocialization program.

At the next (main) stage of serving a sentence, social work specialists predict options for the development of the convict’s difficult life situation, plan and draw up programs for her correction and resocialization. At the same time, taking into account their socio-psychological characteristics, it is necessary to focus on eliminating and preventing social problems; positive development of the individual by creating conditions for the realization of positive potential, self-affirmation and implementation in socially significant activities (production work, training, creativity, improving life, leisure, organizing charity, helping those in need, including children kept in orphanages, boarding schools , shelters); creating a favorable emotional background in communication; assistance in obtaining social benefits; involving in the process of planning and implementation of the plan the head of the detachment, a psychologist, a social work specialist, as well as the convicted person herself, her relatives, and adult children.

It is of great importance to conduct conversations with convicted women on topics that concern them. It is conversation that makes it possible to get to know a person better; at the same time, it is a way of providing socio-psychological influence. In the course of talking about herself and her life, the convict puts her thoughts in order and often herself identifies some cause-and-effect relationships and draws constructive conclusions, and all this can happen both during the conversation itself and after it. You can also use a direct explanation of the cause-and-effect relationships and meanings of individual actions and all behavior, either in general terms, in abstract diagrams, or using a specific example.

The conversation should always be determined by the personality characteristics of the female criminal, the reason for it, the time and place of it, and the situation that develops during the conversation. The main goal of this kind of conversation is to help a woman who has committed a crime in solving problems that are vital to her.

It is advisable to organize in a correctional institution, as part of the social work carried out, cultural work (amateur art activities, folk theater, production of various products characteristic of folk crafts, technical creativity, organization of exhibitions of handicrafts, club work). It is equally important to attract women to participate in discussion, analytical, information and explanatory events, and instill self-education skills.

Of great importance is the holding of physical education and sports activities among convicts, assistance in the development of hobbies and doing what they love to the extent possible and reasonable in a correctional institution.

An important area of social work with convicted women is the provision of medical and social assistance and the organization of compulsory treatment for those who have common or chronic diseases. Organization of work with women suffering from socially significant diseases (tuberculosis, alcoholism, drug addiction, mental disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS) is carried out by specialists in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with current legislation aimed at ensuring the rights of citizens to receive medical care.

Providing useful employment is an important factor in the process of adaptation of convicts to life in freedom and carrying out social work in general. The involvement of convicts by specialists in education, basic general education and vocational training throughout the correctional institution will allow women to get paid work after release. In women's colonies there are vocational schools or their branches, where convicts are trained in the sewing industry (seamstress, service technician, electrician, etc.).

To provide individual influence on convicted women, in order to mobilize her own resources to get out of a difficult life situation, social work specialists involve members of the board of trustees or the council of relatives. They also use the capabilities of public organizations to involve convicted women in activities related to providing assistance to individual convicted women who need it.

Social work at the final stage of serving a sentence is aimed at preparing a woman for release. Convicts preparing for life in freedom need some help. It is carried out through classes at the School to prepare for liberation. Classes are conducted in groups that are formed on a voluntary basis from convicts whose sentences expire no later than in 6 months. The group consists of 8-10 people.

Preparation for release includes several types of assistance: moral, psychological, practical. Moral – aimed at activating the moral qualities of a person necessary for his future life in society; psychological - involves the activation of the adaptive abilities of the convicted person, the formation of readiness to live and act in accordance with legal norms; practical – focused on acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary for an autonomous life in freedom, allowing you to quickly get involved in the rhythm of life.

In a correctional institution, classes held at the School to prepare convicts for release correspond to the topics determined by social work specialists, psychologists, doctors and approved by the head of the institution. Example topics could include:

The procedure for preparing for release.
Constructive communication.
Medical care in a correctional facility.
Behavior skills in difficult life situations.
Meeting with employees of the Territorial Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children.
The procedure for employment through the Employment Center, registration of TIN.
Alcoholism, drug addiction. Routes of HIV infection. Responsibility and spread of diseases.
Administrative supervision. Administrative registration. Expungement and expungement of criminal records.
Division of property, guardianship, trusteeship. Deprivation of parental rights and their restoration.
The procedure for settlements with those released.
Adaptation after release from prison.

Social work specialists examine the conditions for the future residence of the released woman, and, if necessary, restore her rights to the lost living space. Together with the employment service, they determine jobs where released women will be able to work using the acquired profession or work skills. Federal and territorial employment service agencies provide methodological and advisory assistance to correctional institutions.

According to the Instructions on providing assistance in employment and everyday life, as well as providing assistance to convicts released from serving sentences in correctional institutions of the penal system, social work has its own characteristics. Social work specialists, at the request of women over 55 years of age released from prison, send letters of request to social protection authorities to place them in homes for the disabled and the elderly.

Preparations for the release from places of detention of pregnant women, as well as women with young children, are carried out by employees of the social protection group for convicts in contact with medical workers of the correctional institution. The possibility of registration and employment of those released, as well as the placement of children in preschool children's institutions at their chosen place of residence is being clarified.

In cases where the issue of labor and household arrangements for released pregnant women, as well as women with young children, cannot be resolved at their chosen place of residence, measures are taken to establish their family ties. The possibility of their registration, employment, as well as the placement of children in preschool children's institutions at the place of residence of relatives is being clarified.

In relation to released women who have young children with them, patients with acute diseases or with exacerbation of chronic diseases, employees of the social protection group for convicts, together with medical workers of the correctional institution, assist in the placement of such children in institutions of the state or municipal health care system at their chosen place of residence.

Convicts released from correctional institutions who need outside care for health reasons, pregnant women, women with young children are sent to their place of residence, accompanied by relatives or other persons or a correctional institution employee (Part 5 of Article 181 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation) .

Sick convicts, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and minors on their way are provided with food in accordance with the standards approved by the Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.

Released women with children are given, in addition to the children for the time necessary to travel to their place of residence, dry rations in the form of a set of products as prescribed by the pediatrician of the children's home of the penitentiary institution, or money in an amount calculated from the average cost of products included in the norm nutrition of children, prevailing in the month preceding release from punishment.

For children who were in children's homes at correctional institutions and traveling with released women, one set of linen and clothes for the season is issued in accordance with the age of the child.

Social work specialists prepare documents for the release of a convicted person from a correctional facility. The main ones are: passport, work book, insurance certificate of state pension insurance (who was employed), compulsory health insurance policy (if it was available before the conviction). Women of retirement age and disabled people must have a pension certificate, and women with children in a correctional institution's orphanage must have the appropriate documents for it. Each convicted person receives documents on education, acquired profession, and a certificate of salary. Immediately before leaving places of imprisonment, social work specialists issue a certificate of release, which indicates: the locality, district, region (region, republic) where the person being released must arrive; Passport details are indicated on the back of the certificate.

Thus, social work with convicted women has its own characteristics; the forms used are aimed at the long-term resolution of a difficult life situation, the formation and rehabilitation of maternal qualities, correction and resocialization.

^ 10.4. Contents of social work with elderly and disabled convicts in correctional institutions

One of the most socially vulnerable categories in a correctional institution are elderly and disabled convicts. They have a complex set of intractable social problems and needs that pose a threat to their equal existence in the correctional institution, which they cannot resolve on their own. These convicts need various types of constant assistance (material, moral-psychological, medical, legal, penitentiary-pedagogical and other), support, and protection.

Often, convicts who show significant pathological deviations in the aging process associated with various diseases, violations of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms, disharmony of life processes and their manifestations are serving their sentences in a correctional institution. The restructuring of the mechanisms of higher nervous activity that occurs during aging forms the basis of age-related changes in human mental activity and behavior. First of all, this concerns such a complex phenomenon as intelligence. In old age, the most important becomes the ability to solve problems related to the use of already accumulated experience and information. In the emotional sphere, there is an uncontrollable tendency toward hostility and aggressiveness towards others, and the prediction of the consequences of one’s actions and the actions of others is weakened. Among the psychological processes that are most affected by age-related changes is the weakening of memory. Age-related changes can significantly change a person’s mental makeup and personality. Among the characteristics considered typical for old age are conservatism, a desire for moral teaching, resentment, egocentrism, withdrawal into memories, self-absorption, which is aggravated by imprisonment.

Along with elderly convicts, convicts who are disabled serve their sentences in correctional institutions. A large number of convicted disabled people are often sick or have chronic diseases, half of them experience difficulties in everyday services and cannot do without outside help. An impressive part of the considered category of convicts are not only socially maladapted, but also deprived of social connections. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the main of all social problems at the personal level - disability, for objective reasons is completely impossible to resolve, therefore, rehabilitation and educational measures should be supplemented with psychological assistance in changing attitudes towards them and searching for opportunities for self-compensation and self-realization in the current circumstances.

In penitentiary institutions, to one degree or another, it is difficult to carry out social work with convicted disabled people due to their social limitations, which must be taken into account by the social worker:

1. Physical restriction or isolation of a disabled person. This is due to either physical, sensory, or intellectual and mental disabilities that prevent him from moving independently or orienting himself in space.

2. Labor segregation, or isolation. Due to their pathology, an individual with disabilities has extremely limited access to jobs or no access at all.

3. Low income. These people are forced to exist either on low wages or on benefits that cannot be sufficient to ensure a decent standard of living for the individual.

4. Spatial-environmental barrier. The organization of the living environment itself is not yet friendly towards disabled people.

5. Information barrier. Disabled people have difficulty obtaining information, both general and relevant directly to them.

6. Emotional barrier. Unproductive emotional reactions of others regarding a disabled person. (footnote: Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with convicts in correctional institutions. – Ryazan. 2006. – P. 61-62.)

Convicts who are disabled serve their sentences in correctional institutions of various types and regimes. In most cases, these are persons who, before being convicted and sent to prison, received an assessment of their ability to work and health status from state expert medical commissions at their place of residence. But there is also a category of convicts who became disabled in the process of suppressing the criminal offenses they committed and during the execution of criminal punishment. Examination of the latter is carried out during the process of serving the sentence by territorial expert and medical commissions at the location of the correctional institutions.

A medical and social examination of a convicted person is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the MSE public service institution.

If a convicted person is recognized as disabled, an MSE certificate in the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person.

An extract from the certificate of examination of the civil service institution of the ITU of the convicted person recognized as disabled, as well as the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability, the need for additional types of assistance, is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution, for assignment, recalculation and organization of pension payment. In case of release from a correctional institution of a convicted person whose disability has not expired, an ITU certificate is issued to him.

In his work with elderly and disabled prisoners, a social work specialist focuses on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of the aging process or chronic illness. This can be achieved by making their life active. Therefore, special attention should be paid to organizing the free time of this category of convicts, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. To maintain a certain level of intellectual functioning, it is important to involve these convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.

Sanitary educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting, publication of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, memos, the use of slogan posters, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.

According to Art. 103 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, convicted men over 60 years of age and convicted women over 55 years of age, as well as convicted persons who are disabled people of the first and second groups, can be employed only at their request in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on labor and the legislation of the Russian Federation on social protection of disabled people . Therefore, when involving this category of convicts in productive work, it is necessary to take into account the physiological capabilities of the aging organism and the general state of psychophysical functions (memory, perception, thinking, imagination, attention). The penal legislation provides for working convicts with disabilities of the first and second groups, as well as elderly convicts, certain benefits:

Increasing the duration of annual paid leave to 18 working days;

Involvement in work without pay only at their request;

Increasing the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of accrued wages, pensions and other income.

Particular attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of elderly and disabled convicts for release from correctional institutions.

Activities to prepare convicts for release include several stages:

1. Registration of convicts released at the end of their sentence;

2. The main element of preparing elderly and disabled convicts for release from correctional institutions is documentation. This is to provide convicts released from correctional institutions with all the necessary documents. The main one, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of a convicted person, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost it for various reasons;

3. Restoration of socially useful connections of convicts (sending requests to the police department for this purpose, correspondence with relatives, etc.). Of particular importance in this case is the interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution;

4. Conducting individual conversations with each person released, during which life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and responsibilities of citizens during the job search are explained, issues of household arrangements, etc. are clarified;

5. Registration of social cards for each convicted person with mandatory issuance upon release. Both specialists from the administration of the penitentiary institution and other services participate in drawing up a social map. Maps are compiled to ensure full accounting of persons released from the institution for submission to local government bodies, employment institutions, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence;

6. Payment for the convict’s travel to the destination upon release. If necessary, escort to the train and purchase of travel documents are provided;

7. Development of teaching materials containing information necessary for those released on issues of social services, medical care, paperwork (passports, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. This methodological material allows a person being released from a penal institution to form certain knowledge about social reality.

9. It is also necessary to identify convicts who have the right to receive a pension and take timely measures to provide them with pensions after release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions; state pensions. After the release of a pensioner from places of imprisonment, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of imprisonment and a registration document issued by the registration authorities.

Basic documents that need to be prepared by a social work specialist to assign pensions:

Statement by the convicted person;

Convict's passport;

Certificates confirming the place of stay or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Insurance certificate of state pension insurance;

Documents on labor activity - work book; a certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension benefits;

Documents establishing disability and the degree of limitation of ability to work;

Information about disabled family members, death of the breadwinner; confirming family relations with the deceased breadwinner; that the deceased was a single mother; about the death of the other parent.

Every elderly or disabled convict must clearly understand where he is going after release, what awaits him, what conditions will be created for him and how he should behave in them. Frail and disabled persons who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release are accompanied by medical staff. Preparatory work is being carried out with persons who do not have family or relatives to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to draw up the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type, constant control is established over compliance with the order of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty.

An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of convicts of retirement age, disabled people and the elderly who are released from a correctional facility is the preparation and issuance of a “Memo to the Released Person.” Its structure may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; about pension provision; about going to court; about the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, night shelters, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.)

Thus, the provision of social assistance to convicts of retirement age, disabled people and the elderly in correctional institutions is a logically structured system of social activities. At the same time, the practical preparedness of this category for liberation is of great importance. Its effectiveness is of significant importance in resolving issues of social, everyday, labor rehabilitation and their social adaptation to life in freedom.

^ Questions for self-control

1.Name the main areas of social work with convicts in correctional institutions.

2. Describe the specifics of social work with juvenile convicts.

3. Highlight the main forms of social work with convicted women in correctional institutions.

4.What is the main content of social work with elderly and disabled convicts in correctional institutions?

Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with convicts in correctional institutions: textbook. a manual for beginners in social work of the penitentiary system - Ryazan, 2006.

Regulations “On the social protection group for convicts of a correctional institution of the penal system” dated December 30, 2005 N 262

Social work in the penal system: Textbook/S.A. Luzgin, M.I. Kuznetsov, V.N. Kazantsev and others; Under general edited by Yu.I. Kalinina. - 2nd ed., rev. – Ryazan, 2006.

Social work in penitentiary institutions: Textbook / Edited by prof. A.N. Sukhova. – M., 2007. - 300 p.

Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (1997).

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (1996).

A. L.Kovalenko - 4th year cadet of the Faculty of Psychology, VIPE FSIN of Russia

In recent years, the world's understanding of the problem of disability and, accordingly, approaches to solving it have changed significantly. In modern conditions, disabled people are recognized not only as persons whose ability to work is reduced or lost, but also as persons who have other limitations in their ability to live (self-care, movement, communication, orientation, control of their behavior, learning).

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines persons with disabilities as those with long-lasting physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments that, when interacting with various barriers, may interfere with their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. At the same time, it is stated that disability is an evolving concept, the result of the interaction that occurs between people with health impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers and prevents their full and effective participation in the life of society on an equal basis with others.

The quality of life of persons with disabilities should not differ from the quality of life of the rest of the population. It is important that this goal is achieved not so much through charitable activities, but through the implementation of a system of social, organizational, economic, psychological and other measures that allow a disabled person to adapt to new conditions and find his place in life.

Disability is a social phenomenon that no society can avoid. Accordingly, each state, in accordance with its level of development, priorities and capabilities, forms a social and economic policy towards people with disabilities.

Federal Law No. 181 of November 24, 1995 “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation” determines the content of domestic state policy in this area. Its goal is to provide disabled people with equal opportunities with other citizens in the implementation of civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Despite numerous social support measures enshrined in legislation, people with disabilities (including convicts) continue to face problems. The most significant of them are:

- difficulties in employment and discrimination in employment;
- physical inaccessibility and technical unsuitability for disabled people of most jobs on the open labor market;
- restriction of access to education and satisfaction of socio-cultural needs;
- insufficient volume and low quality of health care services for the implementation of medical rehabilitation of disabled people;
- lack of comfortable living conditions, etc.

Physical limitations are the reason

isolation of disabled people from public life. People with disabilities often feel excluded, experience moral and psychological problems and act isolated.

The country's government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and public associations are called upon to implement measures aimed at protecting public health and preventing disability, creating conditions for the rehabilitation of disabled people, their integration into society, and professional activities. However, a study of the experience of their activities allows us to assert that this category of the population is provided mainly with socio-medical and socio-professional rehabilitation services.

For persons with disabilities, serving sentences and released from correctional institutions, obtaining education is vitally important, since it is one of the most effective mechanisms for personal development and increasing its social status. On a personal level, education provides freedom of life choice of goals, spiritual and material independence, imparts resilience and harmonizes existence, which is especially important for persons whose status due to being in conditions of unfreedom has been significantly transformed.

The economic feasibility of obtaining a profession (and therefore vocational education) is an opportunity to achieve social fulfillment and material independence. That is why, in the field of vocational education of convicted disabled people, the obvious priority is integration, which in the best way provides them with equal rights and opportunities in rational employment and effective employment

On approval of the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, and order...

MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ORDER

On approval of the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, and the procedure for undergoing training for employees of institutions of the penitentiary system in order to ensure respect for rights, freedoms and legitimate interests suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled

In accordance with (Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1993, No. 33, Art. 1316; Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, No. 25, Art. 2964; 1998, No. 16, Art. 1796, No. 30 , art. 3613; 2000, N 26, art. 2730; 2001, N 11, art. 1002; 2002, N 52 (part 1), art. 5132; .1), Article 5038; 2004, No. 10, Article 832, No. 27, Article 2711, No. 35, Article 3607; 2007, No. 7, Article 831, No. 24, Article 2834, No. 26, Art. 3077; 2008, N 52 (part 1), Art. 6232; 2009, N 1, Art. 17, N 11, Art. 1261, N 39, Art. 4537, N 48, Art. 5710; N 15, art. 1742, N 27, art. 3416, N 45, art. 5745; 2011, N 7, art. 901, N 45, art. 6328, N 49 (part 5), art. 7056; , N 14, art. 1551, N 53 (part 1), art. 7608; 2013, N 14, art. 1645, N 27, art. 3477, N 44, art. 5633, N 48, art. 6165; 2014, No. 14, Art. 1550, No. 49 (Part 6), 6928; 2015, No. 14, Art. 2016, No. 17 (Part 4), Art. 2478), Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 13, 2004 N 1313 “Issues of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, No. 42, Art. 4108; 2005, N 44, art. 4535, N 52 (part 3), art. 5690; 2006, N 12, art. 1284, N 19, art. 2070, N 23, art. 2452, N 38, art. 3975, N 39, art. 4039; 2007, N 13, art. 1530, N 20, art. 2390; 2008, N 10 (part 2), art. 909, N 29 (part 1), art. 3473, no. 43, art. 4921; 2010, N 4, art. 368, N 19, art. 2300; 2011, N 21, art. 2927, art. 2930, N 29, art. 4420; 2012, N 8, art. 990, N 18, art. 2166, N 22, art. 2759, N 38, art. 5070, N 47, art. 6459, N 53 (part 2), art. 7866; 2013, N 26, art. 3314, N 49 (part 7), art. 6396, N 52 (part 2), art. 7137; 2014, N 26 (part 2), art. 3515, N 50, art. 7054; 2015, No. 14, Art. 2108, No. 19, Art. 2806), as well as in order to improve the professional training of employees of institutions of the penal system

I order:

1. Approve:

a training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (hereinafter referred to as the program) (Appendix No. 1);

the procedure for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (hereinafter referred to as the procedure) (Appendix No. 2).

2. The Federal Penitentiary Service (G.A. Kornienko) to ensure the implementation of the program and order.

4. Entrust control over the implementation of this order to Deputy Minister A.D. Alkhanov.

Minister
A.V.Konovalov

Registered
at the Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
October 2, 2015,
registration N 39104

Appendix No. 1. Training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled

Appendix No. 1
to the order
Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation

1. The training program for employees of institutions of the penitentiary system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (hereinafter referred to as the Program), was prepared in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 N 5473-1 "On institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment" in order to obtain and improve the knowledge and skills necessary for employees of institutions of the penal system to perform the tasks assigned to the penal system, to ensure compliance with rights, freedoms and legal interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled.

2. Training for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled is intended to master:

the fundamentals of psychology of persons with disabilities in physical and mental development, ways of using psychological knowledge to assist them in realizing their rights and legitimate interests;

provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation on social security of people with disabilities, methods of providing consulting assistance to resolve issues of social security.

3. The program is designed for 10 teaching hours and consists of two sections:

1) psychological preparation;

2) training in the field of social protection.

4. The implementation of the Program is carried out in accordance with the approximate educational and thematic plan for training of employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (Appendix).

Application to the program. An approximate educational and thematic plan for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons, ...

Application
to the training program
employees of institutions
penal system
to ensure compliance
rights, freedoms and legitimate interests
suspects, accused and
convicts who are disabled

Approximate educational and thematic plan for training of employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled


	Names of section topics	Including
		theoretical tical classes	practically chess classes
	Section I. *Psychological preparation*
	Psychological support for suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
	Conflictology and techniques of mental self-regulation in working with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
	Section II. *Social protection training*
	Technologies of social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions
	Planning social work with disabled prisoners in correctional institutions
	Promotion of social rehabilitation of convicts with disabilities in correctional institutions
TOTAL:

Section I. Psychological preparation

Topic 1.1. Psychological support for suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled

Advisory (individual and group) work with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled.

Psychoprophylactic work with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled and are on preventive registration.

Psychological support for convicts who are disabled and registered with penal inspections.

Psychological support for juvenile suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled.

Topic 1.2. Conflictology and techniques of mental self-regulation in working with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled

Psychology of conflict. Concept and methodology of work.

The concept of mental self-regulation. Techniques of mental self-regulation in working with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled. Scheme of mental self-regulation.

Section II. Social protection training

Topic 2.1. Technologies of social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions

Introducing a healthy lifestyle and restoring socially useful connections in social work with disabled prisoners in correctional institutions.

Technology for the restoration in correctional institutions of lost documents identifying a convicted person who is disabled and confirming the right to receive social benefits and guarantees.

Registration of disability, pensions, benefits for persons serving sentences in correctional institutions.

Technology of social support for convicts who are disabled during their stay in correctional institutions.

Technology of preparation for release and registration of persons released from correctional institutions for transfer to special homes for the disabled or social rehabilitation centers.

Topic 2.2. Planning social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions

The main elements of organizing social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.

Principles and essence of planning social work with disabled prisoners.

Technology for planning social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.

Compliance of the sections of the plan with the main directions of social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions, the social passport of correctional institutions and the presence of social problems.

Approximate content of a special plan for the work of a social protection group with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.

Coordination of the social work plan for convicts who are disabled with other plans existing in correctional institutions (plans for educational work, labor adaptation).

Interaction of employees of the social protection group for convicts with other departments and services of correctional institutions when carrying out social work with convicts who are disabled.

Domestic experience in organizing social work with disabled prisoners in correctional institutions.

Topic 2.3. Promotion of social rehabilitation of convicts with disabilities in correctional institutions

Physiological, psychological, socio-psychological, medical and social characteristics of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.

Creating improved living conditions for convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions is a task provided for by penal legislation.

Prevention of social maladaptation of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.

Problems of communication, labor and leisure employment of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.

Criteria for assessing the condition of convicts who are disabled, including assessment of their professional potential, taking into account their existing functional impairments.

The vocational guidance system as a means of professional rehabilitation of convicts who are disabled.

Features of the use of resocialization for social rehabilitation of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions of various types of regimes.

Forms of involving government bodies and the public in solving problems of social rehabilitation of convicts who are disabled and released from correctional institutions.

Appendix No. 2. The procedure for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled

Appendix No. 2
to the order
Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
dated September 22, 2015 N 221

1. The procedure for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure compliance with the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, was prepared in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 N 5473-1 “On Institutions and Bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment" in order to obtain and improve the knowledge and skills necessary for employees of institutions of the penal system to perform the tasks assigned to the penal system, in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicts who are disabled.

2. Training in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, is carried out in relation to employees of institutions of the penal system who directly work with convicted persons and persons in custody, as well as those registered with the criminal justice system. -executive inspections and people with disabilities.

3. The content of training for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, is determined by the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects , accused and convicted persons who are disabled.

4. Training for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled is carried out as part of the professional training of employees of the penal system in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated August 27. 2012 N 169 “On approval of the Manual on the organization of professional training for employees of the penal system” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on September 13, 2012, registration N 25452).

5. Direct management, as well as control over the organization and status of training for employees of penal system institutions in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, is carried out by the head of the penal system institution and his deputies.

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
Official Internet portal
legal information
www.pravo.gov.ru, 10/06/2015,
N 0001201510060033

Document title:	On approval of the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, and the procedure for undergoing training for employees of institutions of the penitentiary system in order to ensure respect for rights, freedoms and legitimate interests suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
Document number:	221
Document type:	Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia
Receiving authority:	Ministry of Justice of Russia
Status:	Active
Published:	Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 10/06/2015, N 0001201510060033
Acceptance date:	September 22, 2015
Start date:	January 01, 2016

3.1. Social diagnostics: purpose, stages and methods of implementation

Social diagnostic program for disabled people

3.2 Technology of social counseling for people with disabilities

3.3. Social rehabilitation of disabled people

3.4. Technology of social adaptation of disabled people

3.5. Technology of social therapy in social work with disabled people

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 4. Promoting employment and employment of people with disabilities

The situation of disabled people in the labor market

Social support for unemployed disabled people

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 5. Social security for disabled people

5.1 Pension provision for disabled people

5.2. Monthly cash payment as a form of social security for disabled people

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 6. Social services for disabled people

6.1. Social services for people with disabilities in inpatient institutions

6.2 Semi-stationary and urgent social services for people with disabilities

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 7. Comprehensive support for families of disabled people

7.1. Characteristics of families with disabled people in their structure

7.2. Main directions of comprehensive support for the family of a disabled person

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 8. Social work with young disabled people

8.1. Social status of young people with disabilities in modern Russia

8.2. Social work with young disabled people in vocational education institutions

8.3. Organization of leisure time for young disabled people

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 10. Gender aspects of social work with disabled people

10.1 Gender characteristics of disability

10.2 State and public support for men and women with disabilities

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 11. Social work with disabled people in correctional institutions

11.1. Characteristics of the main problems of convicted disabled people in a correctional institution

11.2. Legal norms of social work with convicted disabled people in the penal legislation of the Russian Federation

11.3. Contents and methods of social work with disabled people in correctional institutions

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 12. Features of the activities of public associations of disabled people

12.1 Concept and types of public associations of disabled people

12.2 Content of the activities of public associations of disabled people

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 13. Professional ethics of social work with disabled people

13.1. Value-normative foundations of social work with disabled people

13.2. Professional etiquette of a social work specialist in interaction with people with special needs

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Appendixes on the list of priority professions of workers and employees, the mastery of which gives disabled people the greatest opportunity to be competitive in regional labor markets

Order

Participation of elderly citizens and people with disabilities,

Residents in residential institutions

Social services, in medical and labor activities

Chapter I. General provisions

Chapter II. Medical and social examination

Chapter III. Rehabilitation of disabled people

Chapter IV. Providing life support for people with disabilities

Chapter V. Public associations of disabled people

Chapter VI. Final provisions

Regulations on the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Persons with Disabilities

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Adopted by resolution 61/106 by the General Assembly on December 13, 2006

I. General provisions

II. Goals, objectives and principles of military activity

III. Members of the All-Russian Society of Disabled People

World Program of Action for Persons with Disabilities

1 (IV). World Program of Action

I. Goals, background and concepts

On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ

Chapter I. General provisions

Chapter II. Rights of elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the field of social services

Chapter III. Social services for elderly and disabled citizens

Chapter IV. Organization of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people

Chapter V. Professional activities in the field of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people

Chapter VII. The procedure for enacting this Federal Law

I. General provisions

II. The procedure for developing an individual program

III. The procedure for implementing an individual program

I. General provisions

II. Conditions for recognizing a citizen as disabled

11.3. Contents and methods of social work with disabled people in correctional institutions

All social work with convicted disabled people during their stay in correctional institutions is carried out by its employees (primarily social workers, medical workers, squad leaders and psychologists). In Russia, social work in the penitentiary sphere as an independent type of professional activity began to take shape in 2001. This is due to the transformation of penal policy towards humanization, i.e. respecting the rights of convicts, ensuring optimal conditions for serving their sentences, and returning to society.

Representatives of public organizations and religious denominations may be involved in this work, providing assistance in this work of the penal system. Practice shows that managers, as well as social, educational and medical services of correctional institutions, on the basis of cooperation agreements concluded with various organizations, primarily create opportunities for weakly protected categories of convicts, which include convicted disabled people, to receive social assistance from them.

The main tasks of social work in a correctional institution are:

Assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving the sentence;

Helping convicts find a socially acceptable environment for them, a point of social interest (work, family, religion, art, etc.).

Development and strengthening of socially useful connections between the convicted person and the outside world;

Assisting the convicted person in obtaining assistance from specialists.

The organization of social work with convicted disabled people begins with identifying and recording persons of this category. When studying them, it is necessary, first of all, to establish: their state of health, the presence of work experience and the right to receive a pension after release, family ties, specialties, motivation and goals of life, the most characteristic mental states and behavioral abnormalities.

Disability pensions are issued after the convicted person is recognized as disabled, which is carried out in the manner prescribed by the Regulations on recognizing a person as disabled, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 1996 No. 965, and in accordance with the Classifications and temporary criteria used in the implementation of medical social expertise approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated January 20, 1997 No. 1/30.

A medical and social examination of a convicted person is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the public service institution regulating these issues. An application, referral and other medical documents confirming the violation of his health are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is being held to the territorial institutions of the state medical and social examination service. To draw up an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person, examination of convicts in institutions of the state medical and social examination service is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional institution where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.

If a convicted person is recognized as disabled, a MSEC certificate in the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. An extract from the certificate of examination at the institution of the state medical and social examination service of a convicted person recognized as disabled is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution, for assignment, recalculation and organization of payment of a pension. And an extract from the examination report on the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability and the need for additional types of assistance is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. In case of release from a correctional institution of a convicted person whose disability has not expired, a MSEC certificate is issued to him.

Payment of pensions assigned to those sentenced to imprisonment is made from the date of sentencing, but not earlier than July 1, 1997 and in all cases not earlier than the day from which the pension was assigned.

To organize the payment of pensions to convicts who received a pension before their conviction, the administration of the correctional institution sends to the body providing pensions a list and a certificate for each convict about his stay in the correctional institution. The body providing pensions checks the information specified in the list and, if necessary, requests pension files and other documents required to open payments.

After the release of a disabled person from places of imprisonment, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of imprisonment and a registration document issued by the registration authorities. And after all the necessary documents are collected and completed, he will again receive a pension.

When working with convicted disabled people, a social work specialist relies on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of the disease. This can be achieved if we proceed from the basic principle of social work with this category of convicts - to make their lives active. Since people with disabilities pay special attention to their health and try to find ways to maintain it, organizing a series of lectures and conversations on medical and social topics is important. In the correctional institution's club, library, and in detachments, corners or stands can be equipped with special medical and educational literature, clippings from periodicals, health and educational posters designed for convicted disabled people: “How to maintain health”, “How to cope with a serious illness” , “Society needs your experience and knowledge,” etc.

Health education is an integral and integral part of the activities of the medical service, carried out in close cooperation with educational, cultural and social work. Since an important aspect of the entire work of a correctional institution is that a person who can independently adapt to the conditions after release must return to society. Sanitary educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting, publication of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, memos, the use of slogan posters, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.

When selecting work for convicted disabled people, it should be borne in mind that when choosing a profession, the role of working conditions increases, that disabled people of groups I and II are involved in work only at their request. Effective labor rehabilitation of convicted disabled people is achieved by maintaining a measured work rhythm that does not allow rush jobs, storms, or arrhythmias in production activities.

The organization of social and hygienic measures includes constant monitoring of the health of convicted disabled people, medical care, prevention of psychopathological deviations by engaging convicted disabled people in socially useful activities.

From the point of view of health prevention for this category of convicts, sudden changes in lifestyle are unacceptable in connection with a transition to another type of work activity or release from work due to illness. Such sudden changes cause states of stress that the body cannot always cope with. Involvement, taking into account the state of health, into any types of socially useful activities: assignments to participate in socially useful work without pay, provision of paid work on a part-time basis. Involvement in the work of amateur organizations. Involvement in carrying out one-time assignments. Appointment of responsible persons from among them for any specific area of work on a voluntary basis.

It is effective to create mutual assistance groups by social work specialists and ensure the activities of assigned convicts from the social assistance section to serve convicts with disabilities, who can participate in activities to ensure proper household, sanitary, hygienic and other necessary matters for disabled people.

To maintain a certain level of intellectual functioning, it is important to involve disabled convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.

Employees must teach disabled people how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. The organization of free time and leisure for convicted disabled people should pursue two goals: creating the best conditions for restoring physical and mental energy and maximizing the use of free time in activities that contribute to the development of their social interests. For this purpose, convicted disabled people are involved in mass cultural work, participation in amateur performances, design of visual propaganda, work of the editorial board, promotion of books, repair of existing book stock, and self-education. It is also advisable to involve the category in question in physical education and sports (competitions in chess, checkers, arm wrestling, etc.).

Organizing and carrying out preventive measures with them, including, along with measures of a purely medical nature, also socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures, is also of no small importance for preparing this category of convicts for life in freedom.

Special attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions.

Preparatory work is being carried out with persons who do not have family or relatives to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to properly prepare the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. There are special norms and rules of behavior that must be followed. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type, constant control is established over compliance with the order of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty.

It should be noted that in order to provide disabled people released from correctional institutions with appropriate clothing and footwear, measures are being taken to distribute and ensure the receipt of various types of assistance coming from various non-governmental organizations.

For those who cannot be sent to nursing homes, in the absence of family and relatives, measures must be taken to provide them with a home or establish guardianship after their release from the correctional facility. Disabled persons who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release must be accompanied by medical staff.

Of great importance in the organization of social work in general, in the correctional institution of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the preparation of convicts for release, is the legal consolidation of this activity. The preparation of convicts for release is legislatively enshrined in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Executive Code, which is entitled “Assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences and control over them,” including convicts with disabilities.

Preparations for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions begin no later than 6 months before the end of the term of imprisonment.

Activities to prepare convicts for release include several stages:

1. Registration of convicts released at the end of their sentence;

2. The main element of preparing convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions is documentation. This is to provide convicts released from correctional institutions with all the necessary documents. The main document, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of a convicted person, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost them for various reasons.

4. Conducting individual conversations with each person being released, during which life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and responsibilities of citizens during the job search are explained, issues of household arrangements, etc. are clarified;

6. Payment for the convict’s travel to the destination upon release. If necessary, escort to the train and purchase of travel documents are provided;

Basic documents that need to be prepared by a social work specialist to assign pensions:

Statement by the convicted person;

Convict's passport;

Certificates confirming the place of stay or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Insurance certificate of state pension insurance;

Documents on labor activity - work book; a certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension benefits;

Documents establishing disability and the degree of limitation of ability to work;

Other documents (their submission is possible if necessary). A social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the pension authorities, monitors the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the assignment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If work experience cannot be confirmed or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 years for men and 55 years of age for women, or a state social disability pension.

An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of a convicted disabled person being released from a correctional facility is the preparation and issuance of a “Memo to the Released Person.” Its structure may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; about pension provision; about going to court; about the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, night shelters, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.)

Thus, social work with convicted disabled people in correctional institutions is a logically structured system of social activities. At the same time, the practical preparedness of disabled people for release is of great importance. Its effectiveness is of significant importance in resolving issues of social, everyday, labor rehabilitation and their social adaptation to life in freedom.