Bacteria that cause stomatitis. Where does bacterial stomatitis come from: causes and prevention measures

In the process of studying the contents of stomatitis ulcers, scientists have repeatedly discovered the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the liquid. Based on this, a version emerged about the possible formation of stomatitis as a result of bacteria entering microscopic wounds and cracks in the oral cavity. The most common “guests” that affect the mucous membrane are the ubiquitous streptococci and staphylococci. These bacteria are present everywhere, and even a newborn baby in the maternity hospital can pick them up. That is why bacterial stomatitis is recognized as one of the main types of stomatitis in children.

This type of bacteria constantly lives in a weakened body, especially with chronic diseases of the teeth (deep caries, gingivitis, periodontitis), tonsils (tonsillitis) or nasopharynx (laryngitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis). If the integrity of the mucous membranes is not compromised, there is no reason to fear stomatitis, however, the slightest injury inevitably leads to bacteria entering the damaged area.

However, bacteria often enter the wound from outside. The inflammatory process can begin on the skin of the face or in the corners of the lips and smoothly flow into the oral cavity if left untreated. The infection can also be acquired during dental treatment, by eating unwashed foods, and even by kissing a sick person. In such cases, only streptococci are most often present in the lesions at the initial stage, and staphylococci also appear later.

The list is not limited to these two bacteria, since diplococci, spirochetes, spindle-shaped bacteria, gonococci, clostridia and other dangerous types of bacteria can cause no less harm to the oral cavity.

Depending on the general condition and immune response of the body, bacterial stomatitis can be short-term, or it can drag on for a long time, turning into a severe necrotic form. With this scenario, a pronounced dark swelling is detected at the site of damage, and subsequently bubbles appear. This course of the disease in weakened people is accompanied by fever, general malaise, headaches, intoxication of the body, and even the development of a severe form of sepsis. Often, with bacterial stomatitis, there is pronounced bleeding of the gums.

Reasons for education

First of all, this is poor oral hygiene and the presence of chronic diseases caused by bacteria. A concomitant disease, which results in impaired salivary secretion, can also contribute to the development of such stomatitis. Saliva is a natural disinfectant of the oral cavity, and if its composition changes and its quantity decreases greatly, such changes contribute to the rapid proliferation of bacteria and complicate the course of stomatitis.

Another cause of the disease is infection in the injured area of ​​the mucous membrane. The injury can be very minor, resulting from an accidentally bitten cheek, burnt gums, or even a child’s erupting tooth. Often the injury can be chronic. For example, such damage to soft tissues occurs due to an incorrectly manufactured prosthesis, which constantly rubs and irritates the gums.

Previously suffered tonsillitis, otitis, and bronchitis also contribute to the development of bacterial stomatitis. In addition, this disease may also occur in people who often suffer from even simple acute respiratory infections.

Normally, the human body contains a large number of harmful and beneficial bacteria. If a person is healthy, then the pathogenic bacteria simply “sleep” and do not cause him any harm, but as soon as the immune system is weakened as a result of illness, stress, hypothermia, injury or other serious external influences, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively multiply and cause concomitant diseases. One of these bacteria is Fusobacterium necroforum, the result of active life activity of which is an acute form of bacterial stomatitis, namely ulcerative-necrotic (Vincent).

Timely tests at the initial stage will help the attending physician identify the type of pathogenic bacterium that caused the erosion, determine its sensitivity to antibiotics and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Symptoms

The manifestation of bacterial stomatitis begins with painful food intake, especially sour drinks, sauces, fruits, marinades, spicy foods, etc. Subsequently, the mucous membrane turns red, swelling, burning, itching, ulcers, cracks appear, salivation increases, and a sharp, unpleasant odor from the mouth appears.

The gums look loose, swollen, bleeding occurs when touched, eating and hygienic care in the absence of timely treatment become extremely painful. The gum tissue gradually begins to become necrotic.

In some cases, a response from the whole body is possible: weakness, fever, headaches and joint pain. And if the infection gets to the tonsils and spreads further through the nasopharynx, a sore throat may occur.

Treatment

In most cases, it is sufficient to use topical medications: anesthetic sprays and gels, antiseptic pastes, ointments and powders, as well as applications with wound-healing anti-inflammatory drugs.

Antibiotics are usually prescribed lincomycin, gentamicin, penicillin, kanacimin, ampiox in complex therapy with antihistamines, anti-inflammatory and vitamin preparations.

It is also recommended to regularly rinse the mouth with solutions of peroxide, furatsilin, potassium permanganate, metrogil, dioxidine, trichopolum. Among the folk remedies, cabbage and carrot juices, aloe and Kalanchoe juice, decoctions of calendula, St. John's wort, eryngium, cinquefoil, and chamomile are good for relieving inflammation and healing wounds.

In the presence of necrosis, treatment of bacterial stomatitis is carried out only in a clinical setting, since dead tissue must be removed surgically, followed by a complete sanitation of the oral cavity. And only a doctor can prescribe the correct treatment for you.

types of this inflammatory disease. In this article, you will learn about bacterial stomatitis and its types, as well as its causes, symptoms and treatment.

What is bacterial stomatitis

Bacterial (traumatic) stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue, which occurs due to bacteria entering wounds and cracks in the oral cavity. Most often, stomatitis is caused by staphylococci and streptococci, which can be found everywhere. This is why children most often get sick with bacterial stomatitis.

Bacteria are present not only in the outside world, but also in the body. During illnesses they begin to develop faster. In addition, if the teeth are affected by caries or other dental disease, then at the slightest injury to the mucous membrane, bacteria enter there and begin to actively multiply.

In some patients, the duration of traumatic stomatitis lasts several days, but if treatment is started, stomatitis can take on a necrotic form. There are hundreds of types of bacteria that live in the oral cavity, so the disease can occur for many reasons.

Causes

1. Mechanical injuries of the oral cavity. Such injuries are very easy to get, since no one is immune from being burned by a hot drink; you can bite your cheek while eating or scratch the mucous membrane with crackers or chips.
2. Poor oral hygiene. With insufficient hygiene, bacteria and microorganisms in the oral cavity multiply more actively. And in the presence of injuries they cause inflammation.
3. Presence of carious cavities. In addition, stomatitis can form during dental treatment if the dentist violates the rules of antiseptics.
4. Infection in the oral cavity from the outside world. For example, when licking foreign objects, when there are herpes in the corners of the mouth, when kissing and much more.
5. Presence of chronic diseases or temporary weakening of the immune system. With colds, bacterial stomatitis is much more common.

Types of bacterial stomatitis

The degree of damage to the mucous membrane determines the type of traumatic stomatitis. Dentists have identified two types.

Surface or catarrhal. During the examination, the doctor pays attention to a white coating on the tongue and bleeding gums, as well as redness. If this form of bacterial stomatitis is not treated, it will develop into a more severe form.

Deep or ulcerative-necrotic. In this form, ulcers appear with a gray coating on the surface, which increase over time, and the tissue around them begins to die. This type of treatment is difficult to respond to and takes much longer.

Symptoms of bacterial stomatitis

Regardless of the type of traumatic stomatitis, the symptoms are the same. The only difference is the appearance of deep ulcers in the deep form.

At the initial stage, bacterial stomatitis causes pain while eating and talking. The pain intensifies when eating sour and spicy foods. Then the mucous membrane of the oral cavity acquires a red tint, and slight swelling appears in some places. After a couple of days, the patient feels itching, burning and a strong odor from the mouth.

If left untreated, the gums become inflamed and look loose. Then bleeding appears. The pain intensifies, especially when brushing your teeth.

General symptoms often occur: weakness, fever, lack of appetite, headache, inflammation of the lymph nodes, tonsils and nasopharynx.

At the first signs of stomatitis, it is necessary to contact a dentist for treatment as soon as possible. If you start bacterial stomatitis, then with the development of a deep form, treatment will take more time, effort and money.

Bacterial stomatitis occurs more often in children. It is especially common in children from 0 to 3 years old. During infancy, bacteria and viruses can enter the oral cavity through the mother's milk and breasts. Also, in babies, the immune system is just beginning to form, which means it is much more difficult to fight infection. Symptoms of stomatitis in children are more pronounced and the disease is difficult for them to tolerate.

Traumatic stomatitis in adults is not so common, and occurs mainly as a result of mechanical injuries and in the presence of caries. Treatment of stomatitis in adults occurs without complications.

Treatment of bacterial stomatitis

Treatment of viral stomatitis should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. To prescribe effective treatment, the dentist determines the causative bacteria in order to prescribe the right medicine.

It is very important to see a dentist on time, especially when it comes to a child. If parents notice a scratch in the baby’s mouth or redness, then to prevent bacterial stomatitis, you should immediately visit a dental clinic. The doctor will examine the oral cavity, take material for analysis and immediately prescribe the necessary medications.

When treating traumatic stomatitis, several groups of drugs are prescribed.

1. Antiseptics prescribed at the initial stage of the disease. These drugs are external and applied to inflamed areas. Many drugs in this group also have an analgesic effect. If the inflammation disappears within a few days, the doctor prescribes ointments with a healing effect. In addition, herbal decoctions with anti-inflammatory effects are excellent.
2. Antibiotics are prescribed for deep bacterial stomatitis, when ulcers appear, and in cases where the infection has developed due to other diseases. In this case, the doctor prescribes kanacimin, penicillin, gentacymin and lincomycin. Treatment with antibiotics is combined with treatment with antiseptics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. Vitamins and drugs to improve immunity. These drugs are prescribed to maintain the general condition of the body. In addition, these medications act as a prophylactic to prevent recurrence of bacterial stomatitis.

During treatment you must follow a diet. You need to structure your daily diet in such a way that the products contain as few carbohydrates as possible and as many microelements and vitamins as possible.

Note that with the development of necrosis of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, surgical intervention will be required. The operation is aimed at removing dead tissue so that the disease does not spread to healthy tissue.

Stomatitis– a general term denoting all inflammatory processes on the oral mucosa. The process can spread to the mucous membrane of the tongue, palate, lips, and cheeks. If the lesions are located in a limited area, the disease may have other names:

• glossitis(inflammation on the tongue)
• stole(inflammation on the palate)
• gingivitis(inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gums)

Stomatitis is most common in childhood. Young children constantly put different objects in their mouths, taste them, while their immunity does not yet provide reliable protection against infections. Types of stomatitis

Types of stomatitis depending on the duration of the course

Acute stomatitis develops quickly and passes quickly (the specific time depends on the causes of the disease, see below). Typically, people who have had acute stomatitis have a higher predisposition to developing the disease again.

Chronic stomatitis lasts a long time and is difficult to treat. In place of old foci of inflammation, new ones constantly appear, and degeneration of the mucous membrane develops.

Types of chronic stomatitis

• Recurrent stomatitis. After some foci of inflammation on the mucous membrane disappear, new ones appear in their place. Such relapses occur continuously over a long period of time. The disease usually occurs in waves, with periods of exacerbation and improvement.


• Leukoplakia. A change in the oral mucosa that occurs as a result of chronic stomatitis and manifests itself in the form of foci of keratinization.

Types of stomatitis depending on the elements occurring on the mucous membrane

Type of stomatitis	Signs and symptoms
Catarrhal stomatitis	Catarrhal stomatitis is a superficial lesion of the oral mucosa. Signs of catarrhal stomatitis: redness and swelling of the skin in the affected area; white coating in the affected area; teeth imprints on gums, tongue; pain when chewing food or talking for a long time; halitosis– bad breath; increased salivation; general symptoms: malaise (most often mild), slightly elevated body temperature (usually no more than 37 ⁰C) for a long time.
Aphthous stomatitis	Aphthous stomatitis manifests itself in the form of afts - small ulcers on the mucous membrane, having round or oval contours. Manifestations of aphthous stomatitis depend on its type: Fibrinous aphthous stomatitis. Aphthae appear on the oral mucosa, covered with fibrin* gray coating. They usually heal in 1 – 2 weeks. The disease recurs 1–3 times in the first year. Then relapses become more frequent. With a long course, aphthae appear on the mucous membrane constantly. Necrotizing aphthous stomatitis. Diagnosed in severe diseases. In parallel with the development of the inflammatory process, the death of cells of the mucous membrane occurs. Aphthae are painless, but gradually they increase in size and turn into ulcers. Their healing can last from 2 weeks to months. Glandular aphthous stomatitis. The development of the disease is associated with damage to small salivary glands, which are scattered throughout almost the entire mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Aphthae arise near the mouths of the ducts of these glands. They are painful, and relapses often occur after healing. Scarring aphthous stomatitis. A severe form of stomatitis, mainly affecting young people. First, aphthae appear on the mucous membrane. They increase in size and turn into ulcers with a diameter of up to 1.5 cm. After the ulcers heal, large scars remain on the mucous membrane. The healing process can last 3 months or more. Deforming aphthous stomatitis. The most severe form of stomatitis. The ulcers are large and heal very slowly. Large scars form, leading to deformations inside the oral cavity. *Fibrin is a protein responsible for the blood clotting process.
Ulcerative gangrenous stomatitis	Severe damage to the oral mucosa. Characterized by the formation of ulcers and death of areas of the mucosa. Ulcers affect several layers of tissue, down to the bone. The disease is accompanied by a pronounced disturbance of well-being.

Types of stomatitis depending on the cause

Traumatic stomatitis

Develops as a result of injury to the oral mucosa. It can be one-time, but more often than not, repeated damage to the mucous membrane and prolonged exposure lead to stomatitis.

The most common causes of traumatic stomatitis:

• sharp edges of teeth and their fragments, large carious cavities;
• wearing incorrectly installed crowns and dentures, braces;
• chemical and thermal burns of the mucous membrane;
• habit of constantly biting cheeks and lips;
• violations of the bite and shape of the teeth, leading to injury to the mucous membrane;
• thermal and chemical effects when eating too cold, hot, spicy food;
• constant and frequent consumption of solid foods that can damage the mucous membrane: gnawing seeds and nuts;
• smoking: irritation of the mucous membrane from tobacco smoke;
• Traumatic stomatitis often develops in young children who put everything in their mouth.

Symptoms of traumatic stomatitis

In acute single trauma, the disease most often occurs as catarrhal stomatitis. All symptoms disappear quickly, within a few days. There is redness and swelling, soreness of the mucous membrane. Then they may appear erosion– superficial defects of the mucous membrane.

If the traumatic effect on the mucous membrane was short-lived, then stomatitis often resolves spontaneously.

With prolonged injuries, an infectious process is added to the irritation of the mucous membrane. The disease becomes chronic and is accompanied by more pronounced symptoms and disturbances in general well-being.

Chronic aphthous stomatitis

Chronic aphthous stomatitis is a disease whose causes have not yet been well studied.

Supposed causes of the development of chronic aphthous stomatitis:

• adenoviruses(one of the types of viruses that cause acute respiratory infections)
• staphylococci from a special group - this theory considers the bacterial nature of the disease
• autoimmune reactions – pathological response of the immune system to foreign bodies entering the oral cavity and contacting the mucous membrane
• immunity disorders: It is believed that relapses of chronic aphthous stomatitis are associated with a weakening of certain parts of the immune system

Symptoms of chronic aphthous stomatitis

First, a red spot appears on the mucous membrane. It has a round or oval shape, approximately 1 cm in diameter. Within a few hours, swelling forms in this area, and the spot rises above the surface of the mucous membrane. Then erosion occurs, which is covered with a gray fibrin coating. This is called aphtha.

Aphthae are soft and painful to the touch. If at the same time the death of a large number of cells of the mucous membrane occurs, then a pronounced infiltrate (compaction) appears under the aphtha. Necrotic masses(dead tissue) are on the surface of the aphthae in the form of a thick gray coating. Beneath it is an erosion or ulcer.

Sometimes chronic aphthous stomatitis is accompanied by lymphadenitis– inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes. Rarely there is an increase in temperature.

After 2–3 days from the onset of aphthae, all necrotic masses are rejected. After another 2–4 days, complete healing occurs.

Variants of the course of chronic aphthous stomatitis:

• simultaneous appearance of a large number of aphthae, after which they heal
• aphthae appear in paroxysms over several weeks: some elements disappear, after which others appear in their place
• aphthae appear one at a time

Candidal stomatitis

Candidal stomatitis (in common parlance - thrush) is a fungal disease that is caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida albicans (in more rare cases, the disease can be caused by the fungi Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata).

Causes of infection with the fungus Candida albicans:

• Decreased immunity due to severe and frequent infectious pathologies, blood diseases, malignant tumors, AIDS. People with normal immunity develop fungal infections extremely rarely.
• Infancy. The ore child's immunity is weak and not fully developed.
• Old age. In old age, a natural decline of immune forces occurs, giving rise to the development of a large number of infections.
• HIV. This viral disease is accompanied by a strong decrease in the body's defenses. In 90% of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus at the AIDS stage, candidal stomatitis is detected.
• Diabetes mellitus. High blood glucose levels create favorable conditions for the proliferation of fungi of the genus Candida.
• Dry mouth. Most often it develops as a result of improper use of various mouth rinses.
• Pregnancy. In pregnant women, the risk of developing candidal stomatitis is increased due to hormonal changes in the body.
• Wearing dentures, failure to comply with oral hygiene rules.
• Taking powerful antibiotics. Antibacterial drugs destroy most bacteria that are natural competitors of Candida fungi.
• Taking glucocorticoids in the form of sprays. Glucocorticoids are hormonal drugs, one of the effects of which is immune suppression. They are used in the form of sprays for bronchial asthma. Partially entering the oral cavity, glucocorticoids inhibit local protective reactions and promote the growth of fungi.

Symptoms of candidal stomatitis

Acute candidal stomatitis manifests itself in the form of a white plaque that covers the entire mucous membrane of the oral cavity. It is easy to detect during direct inspection. Plaque can be easily removed using a cotton or gauze swab. Underneath there is an inflamed mucous membrane (red, swollen). Many patients with candidal stomatitis report pain and discomfort while eating. If a child has the disease, he becomes whiny and irritable.

Chronic candidal stomatitis is accompanied by a burning sensation in the mouth and throat and difficulty swallowing. With a significant decrease in immunity, the fungal infection spreads to the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus.

Herpetic stomatitis

Herpetic stomatitis is a viral infectious disease caused by herpes viruses. Their transmission occurs by airborne droplets from infected people. Outbreaks of infection usually occur in the autumn and spring seasons. The disease is very common among children aged 1 to 3 years (this is exactly the age when maternal immunity in the child’s body ceases to function, and its own has not yet developed).

Herpetic or herpes viral stomatitis can occur in two forms: acute and chronic.

Stages of illness And I:

• incubation: the virus enters the body and begins to multiply in it, while no symptoms are noted;
• prodromal: the initial stage, when an inflammatory process is already developing on the oral mucosa, but it is weakly expressed, there are no rashes;
• rash stage– characteristic elements appear on the mucous membrane;
• healing stage, when the rash disappears, the mucous membrane is restored;
• convalescence stage, or recovery.

Severity of herpetic stomatitis:

1. Mild degree. Characteristic elements appear on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, but they are not accompanied by general disorders in the body.
2. Moderate severity. Manifestations in the oral cavity are accompanied by a disturbance in the general condition of the patient.
3. Severe degree characterized by severe symptoms.

Symptoms of herpetic stomatitis

At first, herpetic stomatitis occurs in the catarrhal form (see above). Then characteristic bubbles appear on the mucous membrane, which then leave aphthae of erosion in their place. In severe cases of the disease, ulcers may form on the oral mucosa.

General symptoms of herpetic stomatitis:

• increase in body temperature: depending on the severity of the disease, it can be low-grade (no more than 37⁰C) or very high
• general malaise
• headaches
• nausea and vomiting
• appetite and sleep disturbances

Chronic herpes viral stomatitis

Symptoms of vesicular stomatitis

The first symptoms of the disease appear 5–6 days after infection with the virus. At first, the patient is worried about fever, chills, general malaise, weakness, and headaches. Sometimes there is a sore throat, runny nose, and muscle pain. Therefore, at first the course of the disease resembles a cold.
Then small, painful blisters appear on the oral mucosa. They contain a clear, watery liquid inside. They open and heal completely within a few days.

Enteroviral stomatitis

This type of stomatitis is caused enteroviruses. Pathogens can be transmitted from one person to another by airborne droplets, through food, common objects, and water. Young children are most susceptible to pathology.

Symptoms of enteroviral stomatitis

The symptoms of the disease are quite characteristic and are figuratively called “mouth-hand-foot”. Characteristic rashes in the form of painful blisters are found on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, hands, and feet. Patients are often concerned about fever and other symptoms of poor general health.

Other viral stomatitis

Other types of viral stomatitis are most often not independent diseases, but manifestations of other diseases. Stomatitis is most often accompanied by: influenza, measles, chicken pox (chickenpox).

Bacterial stomatitis (staphylococcal and streptococcal)

Bacterial stomatitis is most often caused by bacteria that normally live in the oral cavity, but under certain circumstances can become pathogenic.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of streptococcal and staphylococcal stomatitis:

• trauma to the oral mucosa: small scratches, wounds, cuts, etc.;
• carious cavities in teeth;
• purulent process in gum pockets;
• violation of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during dental procedures and surgical interventions;
• significant decrease in immunity.

Symptoms of staphylococcal and streptococcal stomatitis

Bacterial stomatitis can have varying degrees of severity. Sometimes they represent only a superficial inflammation of the mucous membrane, and sometimes they are a severe purulent process with a pronounced violation of the general condition of the patient (the so-called “oral sepsis”).

The most common forms in which bacterial stomatitis occurs:

• Impetiginous stomatitis. The disease is initially streptococcal in nature, and then staphylococcus is found in the lesions. Young children are most often affected. The disease manifests itself as a formation on the oral mucosa erosions– surface defects. They have a grayish-yellow coating on them, which causes bleeding when removed. With impetiginous stomatitis, ulcers often form on the gums.


• Erysipelas of the mucous membranes of the mouth (erysipelas). The disease is caused by streptococci. An inflammatory process develops, as a result of which the mucous membrane becomes swollen, painful, and crimson spots appear on it. Increased bleeding is noted. In severe cases of the disease, blisters, ulcers, and areas of tissue necrosis form on the mucous membrane. Erysipelas of the mucous membranes is accompanied by a deterioration in the patient’s general well-being and an increase in body temperature. With high activity of the infectious process and weak immune defense, a complication in the form of sepsis can develop.


• Seizures in the corners of the mouth. This condition can also be considered a type of bacterial stomatitis. First, a small abscess appears in the corner of the mouth. It breaks through and a sore remains in its place. In the future, if it is injured, it does not heal, but turns into a crack that passes into the mucous membrane of the cheek.

Allergic stomatitis

Allergic stomatitis is a large group of diseases that have a common origin: they develop as a result of autoimmune reactions.

Types of allergic stomatitis:

• chronic aphthous stomatitis (see above);
• exudative erythema multiforme;
• allergic stomatitis;
• dermatostomatitis: autoimmune diseases that affect various organs, leading to the development of stomatitis and dermatitis.

Exudative erythema multiforme

With this autoimmune disease, damage to the oral mucosa occurs in 60% of patients.

Symptoms of allergic stomatitis caused by exudative erythema multiforme:

• the disease begins with redness and swelling of the mucous membrane;
• then blisters filled with clear liquid appear at the lesion sites; they burst, leaving erosion in their place;
• erosion becomes covered with a purulent or bloody crust and gradually heals;
• During the appearance of erosions, the patient experiences general weakness, malaise, and body temperature rises.

Typically, after 1 to 3 weeks, all symptoms of the disease disappear.

Dermatostomatitis

Dermatostomatitis is an autoimmune disease that affects various organs, including the skin and mucous membranes.

Autoimmune diseases that can be complicated by stomatitis:

• systemic lupus erythematosus
• scleroderma
• pemphigus
• psoriasis
• lichen planus

Each pathology is characterized by its own symptoms and specific damage to the mucous membrane.

Allergic stomatitis

Allergic stomatitis itself is a common allergy that develops as a result of contact of the oral mucosa with certain substances. Most often, medications and materials used in dentistry act as allergens.

Types of allergic stomatitis:

• fixed– damage to the mucous membrane always develops in the same place;
• common– all mucous membranes of the oral cavity are affected.

Allergic stomatitis can occur in any form (see above): catarrhal, aphthous or with the formation of ulcers.

Treatment methods for stomatitis

Drug therapy for stomatitis

Preparation		Destination purpose		Directions for use
Traumatic stomatitis
Rinsing the oral cavity with neutralizing solutions in case of a chemical burn to prevent stomatitis.		Used for chemical burns of the oral mucosa. If the burn is caused by acid, then alkali solutions are used. For alkali burns, on the contrary, acid solutions are used.		For acid burns: rinse the mouth with a 15% solution ammonia(dilute 15 drops of ammonia in a glass of water); rinse your mouth with soapy water. For burns caused by alkalis: rinse the mouth with a 0.5% vinegar solution; rinse the mouth with a 0.5% citric acid solution.
Antibiotics for stomatitis
Drugs from the grouppenicillins: ampicillin; amoxicillin; amoxiclav; phenoxymethylpenicillin. Drugs from the cephalosporin group: cefazolin ceftriaxone cefuroxime Gramicidin (syn. Grammidin, Grammidin C). Other antibacterial drugs.	Antibiotics in tablets or injection solutions are prescribed for fairly severe stomatitis. There are many groups of antibacterial drugs, the specific one is selected depending on the type of infection. The prescription can only be carried out by a doctor, as complications may occur if self-medication is incorrect.		The main condition for using antibiotics is to take them strictly according to schedule, at regular intervals.
Astringents for stomatitis
Tannin	Tannin interacts with the mucous membrane and promotes the formation of a film on its surface that protects nerve endings from irritation. Has anti-inflammatory properties.		Tannin is available in powder form. To prepare a mouthwash solution, you need to dissolve 1 - 2 g of powder in 100 ml of water. Rinse your mouth for stomatitis 1 – 3 times a day as prescribed by your doctor.
Healing and other drugs for stomatitis
Solcoseryl(in the form of dental paste).	Solcoseryl is obtained from the blood of young calves. The drug stimulates cell reproduction and tissue regeneration.		Dental paste is applied to the affected areas of the mucous membrane 3 – 4 times a day. Release form: Paste in tubes (tubes) of 5 g. Side effects: People suffering from allergic reactions should use dental paste with solcoseryl with caution.
Chlorhexidine preparations: Lizoplak Sebidin	Chlorhexidine is one of the most powerful antiseptics. Widely used for stomatitis and other dental diseases of an infectious and inflammatory nature.		Lizoplak Compound: Dental gel, used for mouth rinsing. The main active ingredient is chlorhexidine. Additional components: sodium borate, dimethicone, sodium citrate. Directions for use: Rinse your mouth with gel 2 – 3 times a day. Sebidin Compound: Tablets containing chlorhexidine and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Directions for use: The tablets are dissolved in the mouth throughout the day, every 2 hours.
Pyromecaine ointment with methyluracil.	Pyromecaine is an anesthetic (a drug similar in structure and mechanism of action to novocaine). Methyluracil is a drug that stimulates regeneration processes in cells and tissues. The ointment is used for stomatitis accompanied by severe pain.		Release form: Pyromecaine ointment is available in tubes of 30 g. Directions for use: Apply the ointment to the gums 1-2 times a day for 2-5 minutes. Do not apply more than 1 g of ointment at a time.
Antiseptic solutions for mouth rinsing for stomatitis
Lysoamidase	An enzyme preparation that has the ability to destroy pathogenic bacteria. Used for stomatitis of bacterial origin.		Release form: Powder, which is accompanied by a bottle with a special solvent. Directions for use: Dilute the powder in a solvent and rinse your mouth 2 times a day for 10 minutes. Side effects: When rinsing your mouth with lizamidase, a burning sensation often occurs. It goes away on its own.
Hydrogen peroxide	A powerful oxidizing agent that is an effective antiseptic.		A 0.2 - 0.3% solution of hydrogen peroxide is used to rinse the mouth. You can usually buy a 3% solution in pharmacies. To obtain the required concentration, dilute 1 teaspoon of pharmaceutical solution in a glass of water. Attention: Rinsing the mouth with hydrogen peroxide solutions in too high a concentration can cause chemical burns to the mucous membrane.
Aethonium	A medicinal substance with properties antiseptic(an agent that destroys pathogenic microorganisms) and anesthetic(painkiller). Etonium is most effective against staphylococci and streptococci.		The drug is available in powder form. For use in stomatitis, prepare a 0.5% solution. They moisten cotton or gauze swabs and apply them to the affected area.
Bicarmint	The main active ingredient of the drug is sodium tetraborate. Is antiseptic.		Release form: Tablets that contain sodium tetraborate, peppermint, menthol, sodium bicarbonate(soda). Directions for use: Dissolve 1 - 2 tablets in half a glass of water. The resulting solution is used for mouth rinsing for stomatitis.
Yodovidone	Antiseptic property, which includes iodine. Prescribed for stomatitis of bacterial origin. Particularly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus.		Release form: Iodovidone is available in bottles of different sizes, in the form of a 1% solution. Directions for use: Dilute 1 teaspoon of solution into half a glass of warm water. Rinse your mouth several times a day, as directed by your doctor. Contraindications: Increased sensitivity of the patient's body to iodine.
Furacilin	One of the most popular antiseptics. Widely used for washing wounds, rinsing the mouth, washing the paranasal sinuses for sinusitis, instilling and washing the eyes for conjunctivitis.		Release forms that are used for stomatitis: aqueous solution in vials, 0.02% tablets for dissolution in water, 0.02 g. Directions for use: rinse your mouth with furatsilin solution 3 times a day or more often, depending on the doctor’s prescription dissolve the tablets in water (at the rate of 1 tablet per 100 ml of water), rinse your mouth throughout the day in the same way as with a regular solution Contraindications: Furacilin is contraindicated in patients with allergic dermatoses (damage to the skin and mucous membranes).
Sprays for stomatitis
Bioparox	The main component of the spray is the antibacterial drug fusafungin. It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect.		Irrigate the oral mucosa twice a day.
Tantum Verde	A drug that has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. It is safe and therefore widely used in young children.		Irrigate the affected areas in the oral cavity with the spray several times a day, as prescribed by a doctor.
Ingalipt	The composition of inhalyptus includes antibacterial drugs, pepper heel leaf oil, and eucalyptus oil. Effective for aphthous and ulcerative stomatitis.		Rinse your mouth with warm boiled water. Irrigate the affected areas of the oral mucosa with the ingalipt spray from a can for 1 - 2 seconds. Frequency of application – 3 – 4 times a day.
Ambassador	A propolis-based medicine that contains ethyl alcohol and glycerin. Has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.		Irrigate the oral cavity with Proposol 2 – 3 times a day, as prescribed by a doctor.

Treatment of stomatitis of infectious origin is carried out with drugs that are generally used for these infections. So, for candidal stomatitis, antifungal agents are prescribed (in the form of ointments, tablets and injections), for herpesvirus - antiviral agents, etc.

Traditional methods of treating stomatitis**

Calendula tincture

To rinse the mouth for stomatitis, use an alcohol tincture of calendula in a ratio of 1:10. The flowers of this plant have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. A teaspoon of tincture should be diluted in a glass of water before use. Rinse your mouth 3-4 times a day, depending on your doctor’s instructions.

Alcohol tincture of calendula is sold in pharmacies in bottles of 40 and 50 ml.

St. John's wort tincture

St. John's wort has long been known in folk medicine as an effective astringent and enveloping agent. When treating stomatitis, a tincture of flowers in 40% alcohol in a ratio of 1:5 is used. Sold in pharmacies in bottles.
To prepare a solution for rinsing, 30–40 drops of St. John's wort tincture are dissolved in one glass of water.

Infusion of sage leaves

Sage leaves are collected throughout the summer. The plant grows in many regions of Russia; you can buy ready-made medicinal raw materials in filter bags. Sage shedding has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and contains tannins.

Preparation of infusion of sage leaves: dissolve 1 tablespoon of dried leaves in a glass of boiling water, cool, and strain. Rinse your mouth throughout the day as prescribed by your doctor.

Oak bark

The bark of young thin oak branches collected in early spring has medicinal properties. Decoctions are prepared from it in a ratio of bark and water of 1:10, which are then used to rinse the mouth throughout the day. Oak bark is sold in pharmacies in ready-dried form in boxes.

Kalanchoe juice

Contains components that have an anti-inflammatory effect, help cleanse ulcers from pus and dead tissue, accelerating the healing process. To treat stomatitis, Kalanchoe juice is used in the form of applications - cotton or gauze swabs moistened with cotton are applied to the affected areas. Pharmacies sell a ready-made alcohol solution of Kalanchoe juice.

Eucalyptus leaves

The plant contains a large number of antiseptics.
Preparing a decoction for mouth rinsing. Take 10 g of dry eucalyptus leaves. Pour a glass of water and boil. Cool, strain. To rinse, dilute a spoonful of the resulting broth in a glass of water. For convenience, dried leaves are sold in pharmacies in briquettes.

For stomatitis, you can use eucalyptus oil. It is diluted in a glass of water in the amount of 10 - 15 drops.

Propolis

It is a beekeeping product. It consists of a large number of components that have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and healing effects. In pharmacies, propoly can be purchased in the form of an alcohol tincture of 10% (in 80% ethyl alcohol).

To use for stomatitis, 15 ml of alcohol tincture of propolis is diluted in half a glass or a whole glass of water. Rinse your mouth 3-4 times a day. The total duration of treatment with propolis is 4 – 5 days.

When are antibiotics prescribed for stomatitis? What antibacterial drugs should be taken?

There is only one indication for prescribing antibiotics for stomatitis: the presence of an infectious process.

Drugs used for stomatitis of infectious origin:

• bacterial infection(staphylococcal, streptococcal, etc.): antibacterial drugs are used, in accordance with the type of pathogenic microorganisms;
• infectious process as a complication traumatic, allergic and other stomatitis: antibacterial drugs are used;
• candidal stomatitis: antifungal drugs are used;
• enteroviral, vesicular and other viral stomatitis: Appropriate antiviral drugs are used.

It is worth remembering that self-medication with antibacterial drugs for stomatitis is unacceptable. Antibiotics should be prescribed only by a doctor, after the presence of infection and the susceptibility of pathogens to certain drugs have been established.

If self-medication with antibiotics is incorrect, the effect of using the drugs is reduced, and complications may develop.

Is it possible to use furatsilin for stomatitis?

Furacilin solution is used for many types of stomatitis. It has antiseptic properties, so it helps fight infection or prevent its occurrence (for traumatic, allergic stomatitis, etc.).

Furacilin can be purchased at the pharmacy in two dosage forms:

• tablet form. Preparation of rinse solution: crush two tablets and dissolve in a glass of water (stir well, since furatsilin dissolves with difficulty).
• In bottles, as a ready-made solution for rinsing.

Is it possible to treat stomatitis with brilliant green?

Zelenka is not used to treat stomatitis:

• Brilliant green is not always effective for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa;
• this remedy may have a damaging effect on the oral mucosa;
• Today there is a large arsenal of more effective and safe means.

Is stomatitis contagious?

A very pressing question, especially for family members and in children's groups. So, almost any stomatitis is contagious to others, because the main causes of this disease are viruses, fungi and bacteria. The routes of transmission and the degree of contagiousness (infectiousness) for different types of stomatitis vary. Let's figure out how each individual type of stomatitis is transmitted.

Table.Routes of transmission of stomatitis and degree of infectivity.

Type of stomatitis	Transmission routes	Degree of contagiousness
Viral stomatitis, except for the disease caused by the herpes simplex virus: enteroviruses; influenza, parainfluenza and others.	Main route: airborne – when coughing, talking, sneezing Along with saliva and mucus, viruses are also released; this mixture remains suspended in the air in the form of aerosols for some time. Less significant ways: contact-household – through household items, dirty hands, and so on. nutritional – through food, water (for enteroviruses).	Very high degree of contagiousness for people who do not have specific immunity against these viral infections (which was formed as a result of a previous illness or vaccination).
Stomatitis caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, as well as cytomegalovirus	Contact and household path – through dishes, dirty hands, personal hygiene items and other household items, kisses. Sexual tract – during vaginal, anal and oral sexual intercourse, Transplacental path from mother to child, and also through breast milk. Airborne path transmission of this infection is rare.	High degree of contagiousness , especially for: young children; people with reduced immunity; persons who do not have antibodies to herpes infection.
Vesicular stomatitis	The transmission route is through insect bites.	For the people around the patient not contagious.
Bacterial stomatitis	Contact and household path.	Average degree of infectivity, especially for people with injuries to the oral mucosa.
Fungal (candidal) stomatitis	Contact and household path.	Average degree of infectivity , high degree of contagiousness for: young children; persons with reduced immunity; people with injuries to the oral mucosa.
Traumatic stomatitis	-	This stomatitis is not contagious , but when wounds in the mouth become infected, the contagiousness depends on the type of pathogen.
Allergic stomatitis, Dermatostomatitis, erythema multiforme	-	Not contagious.
Aphthous stomatitis	Contact-household route is possible.	Low degree of infectiousness , depends on the reasons for the development of this type of stomatitis.

In any case, when identifying stomatitis in a children's team or family, it is necessary to adhere to all personal hygiene and preventive measures:

• regular hand washing;
• daily oral care: brushing teeth, rinsing, etc.;
• use of separate dishes;
• temporary refusal of kisses;
• for children - do not take other people's toys;
• use of separate towels, bed linen, personal hygiene products;
• household items, personal hygiene, dishes, linen, toys must be disinfected: boiling, ironing, quartzing, using disinfectants;
• maintaining the immune system in good condition.

How does stomatitis affect the immune system and vice versa? How does stomatitis occur with HIV?

Stomatitis, especially herpetic or fungal, is the first sign of a poor state of the immune system. Mouth ulcers can hide serious pathologies, such as HIV, congenital immunodeficiencies, oncological pathologies, tuberculosis and others. You should especially be wary of recurring or recurrent stomatitis .

And the risk of contracting any type of infectious stomatitis is high mainly in the risk group, that is, in people with reduced immune forces.
Children have imperfect, not yet fully formed immunity. An already “tired” immune system that has exhausted its potential is typical for older people. That's why Children under 5 years of age and people over 60 years of age especially often suffer from stomatitis. .

But not only immunity affects the development and course of stomatitis. Thus, some types of stomatitis have a negative effect on the body's defenses. As you know, herpes, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, fungi “cut down the immune system,” and not only local, in the oral cavity, but also systemic. And bacterial stomatitis disrupts the microflora of the oral cavity, which protects not only the oral cavity, but also the respiratory tract. Also, bacteria and viruses often affect the lymph nodes - immune organs - tonsils, sublingual, cervical and other types of lymph nodes.

As a conclusion, Stomatitis is an immunocompetent disease.

Another striking example of the interdependence of stomatitis and immunity is Features of stomatitis in HIV-positive patients:

• stomatitis almost constantly accompanies HIV-infected patients have a chronic course with constant exacerbations and relapses, there may be no remission at all;
• according to the condition of the oral mucosa judge the presence of indications for HIV testing and the stage of HIV/AIDS;
• often found chronic aphthous stomatitis ;
• stomatitis is common in people with HIV affects most of the mucous membrane of the mouth, tongue, lips ;
• common combined types of stomatitis: fungal, herpetic, bacterial;
• cytomegalovirus stomatitis with HIV can lead to the death of the patient, even if he is taking antiretroviral therapy;
• for such patients it is typical necrotic-ulcerative lesion of the oral mucosa and gums, bleeding gums, periodontal disease, progressive caries, as a result - suppuration of teeth and their rapid loss, possible damage to the bone structures of the jaws.

Changes in the oral cavity for which it is recommended to be tested for HIV infection (HIV indicators):

• availability generalized damage to all structures of the oral cavity (cheeks, upper and lower palate, tongue, gums, teeth), the presence of total periodontitis;
• chronic and long-term stomatitis (usually fungal), not treatable with standard treatment regimens;
• presence of leukoplakia – keratinization of the oral mucosa;
• presence of a “hairy” tongue (hairy leukoplakia) – keratinization of the papillae of the tongue as a result of prolonged exposure to fungal flora, the papillae resemble hairs;
• availability condylomas and papillomas in the oral cavity;
• herpes zoster in the mouth – herpes zoster , which, in addition to the mucous membrane, affects the nerve fiber, is characterized by blistering rashes on the upper or lower palate and severe pain; pain often requires strong analgesics, including narcotic drugs;
• Kaposi's sarcoma – a malignant formation of lymphatic vessels, in the oral cavity can be located on the palate, tongue, gums, they look like bright red or brown nodes that enlarge, then painful ulcers form in their place.

Photo : manifestations of HIV infection on the oral mucosa.

Photo: Kaposi's sarcoma in the oral cavity of a patient with AIDS.

Of course, these oral diseases are not a 100% diagnosis of HIV, but in 75% of cases of such pathologies, a positive HIV ELISA blood test result is obtained. Such a diagnosis cannot be made without tests.

Treatment of stomatitis in HIV-positive people long-term, aimed at the pathogen (antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral drugs). But without correction of immunity, that is, without antiretroviral therapy (HAART), etiotropic treatment is unsuccessful. But when adequate HAART is prescribed and taken regularly, stomatitis often goes away within a month.

For the prevention of stomatitis in HIV-positive individuals Prophylactic use of Fluconazole, Co-trimoxazole and Azithromycin is recommended.

Stomatitis in infants (up to 1 year) and young children (aged 1 to 5 years), what are the features, signs and symptoms?

Children of early and preschool age are more likely to get stomatitis, this is an age-related feature of their immune system and habits of tasting everything and not washing their hands. Taking into account children's immunity, stomatitis under the age of 5 years has its own characteristics.

Stomatitis in children over 5 years of age occurs in the same way as in adults.

Types of stomatitis most common in children under 5 years of age:

1. Viral herpetic stomatitis– most often occurs in children aged 1 to 5 years, which is associated with the first meeting of the child’s immune system with a herpetic infection, such as the “debut” of herpes. As a result of such stomatitis, children develop antibodies (immunoglobulins G) to the herpes simplex virus, which protect the body from relapse of herpes, because this virus does not go away, but “dormants” in the body almost all its life. Repeated herpetic rashes on the lips, face, and mouth (relapses and exacerbations) in such children are possible only when the protective forces are reduced, for example, after the flu or stress. Herpetic stomatitis is especially severe in infants, with the rash spreading beyond the oral cavity to the skin of the lips and face, which can lead to complications associated with damage to the central nervous system.

2. Candidiasis or fungal stomatitis - typical for children from birth to 3 years. The development of such stomatitis is associated with a disruption of the normal microflora of the oral cavity, that is, a lack of “good” bacteria, the entry of fungi through nipples, pacifiers, milk, and mammary glands. In children under one month of age, the microflora is generally just being populated. A good nutrient medium for mushrooms is milk - the main food for children under 3 years old. Taking antibiotics is a common cause of thrush.

3. Bacterial stomatitis– more common in children older than 1 year, bacterial inflammation develops against the background of traumatic stomatitis. The mucous membrane of the mouth in children is very thin and delicate, and is injured by both high and low temperatures, toys, and fingers. There are always bacteria in the mouth, this is normal, but if there are wounds, these bacteria cause bacterial ulcerative stomatitis.

Also for children Acute types of stomatitis are characteristic . Chronic stomatitis develops in children with poor immunity and in dysfunctional families in which basic hygiene rules are not observed.

Signs and symptoms of stomatitis in children.

Children who cannot speak naturally do not complain. And parents cannot immediately understand that the baby has stomatitis; changes in the oral cavity are often detected a few days after the onset of the disease.

The onset of stomatitis, how to suspect this disease in a baby?

• The disease begins acutely, sometimes even suddenly;
• the baby is capricious, screaming for no apparent reason;
• sleeps poorly;
• the child may be lethargic and apathetic;
• puts his fingers in his mouth, while getting nervous;
• increased salivation is observed;
• body temperature rises, often up to 40 0 ​​C;
• refuses to eat and is capricious while eating;
• children who love pacifiers suddenly refuse them;
• frequent loose stools are possible, especially with fungal stomatitis;
• Possible vomiting;
• in severe cases, the lymph nodes in the neck may become enlarged.

By the way, many mothers often associate such symptoms with painful teething! You can’t do without examining the oral cavity.

How to detect stomatitis in a child’s mouth?

Of course, it is better to consult a pediatrician. But the mother herself can see ulcers in the child’s mouth. To do this, you need to take a spoon or a disposable spatula (you can buy it at the pharmacy), and carefully examine the oral cavity in the following sequence:

• all surfaces of the tongue;
• hard palate - the upper surface of the oral cavity;
• soft palate - under the tongue;
• inner surfaces of the cheeks;
• inner surfaces of lips, gums;
• then, pressing slightly on the upper surface of the tongue, examine the palatine arches and the back wall of the pharynx (in other words, the throat), you must remember that stomatitis ulcers can be localized on the tonsils .

It is necessary to inspect in good lighting; for this it is better to use a small flashlight.

The procedure is certainly unpleasant for the baby, so it is very important to distract him at this time, and if that doesn’t work, then let him cry a little; while screaming, it is much easier to assess the condition of the mucous membrane.

But you need to be very careful, since in children with good immunity, there may be a single ulcer in the mouth and small in size, it is not always easy to see, but intoxication can be quite pronounced.

Photo: herpetic stomatitis in a child, the ulcer is located on the inner surface of the mucous membrane of the upper lip.

Photo: candidal stomatitis in a child, in this case, the changes are more widespread on the surface of the tongue - that is, it has developed fungal glossitis .

Photo: facial skin streptoderma and bacterial stomatitis in a child caused by streptococcal infection.

Can ulcers with stomatitis in a child bleed?

With stomatitis, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity structures is affected, which in children is very thin and tender. In severe cases of the disease, areas of the mucous membrane are destroyed, and blood vessels are also involved in the inflammatory process, which can bleed.

Thus, herpetic stomatitis is characterized by the formation of vesicles that open, and in their place aphthae are formed - bleeding ulcers. And with fungal stomatitis, a white or gray plaque forms, after removing which you can also see a bleeding surface. There is almost always bleeding when gums are affected by stomatitis.

Bleeding indicates the severity of stomatitis. Also, this symptom is often accompanied by an unpleasant, sometimes even putrid, odor from the mouth.

The principles of treating stomatitis with bleeding are the same as for stomatitis without this symptom. You can add agents that strengthen the walls of blood vessels and hemostatic drugs (vitamins A, E, C, Vikasol, calcium gluconate, aminocaproic acid).

Treatment of stomatitis in children under 5 years of age. How to treat stomatitis in children under 1 year of age?

In childhood, the choice of drugs for the treatment of stomatitis is somewhat limited, which is associated with the risks of side effects, allergic reactions, the inability to rinse, and in children under 2 years of age, sprays for treating the oral cavity are not recommended; such forms of drugs can lead to laryngeal spasm or bronchi.

Medications and treatment of the oral cavity for stomatitis in children under 5 years of age.

Type of stomatitis	Preparation		How is it used?*
Herpetic (viral) stomatitis: in children under one year old	Herpetic stomatitis in infants it is very dangerous for its complications, since the herpes virus affects the nervous system and can cause viral encephalitis, which is life-threatening and leads to disability. Therefore, herpetic stomatitis in infancy, in most cases, requires hospitalization in a hospital, where powerful antiviral and detoxification therapy (various injections, including drips) will be administered.
in children over 1 year and under 5 years	Antiviral drugs: Acyclovir ointment 5%, Antiviral drugs by mouth used for severe and recurrent herpes: Acyclovir tablets 200 mg	Ointment: Apply a thin layer to the affected areas every 4-5 hours. Acyclovir 200 mg tablets: ½ tablet for children 1-2 years old and 1-2 tablets. for children over 2 years old.
	Herbal decoctions: chamomile; sage; oak bark; calendula. Herbal tinctures: Rotokan; Stomatophyte. Healing agents: rosehip oil; sea ​​buckthorn oil; tea tree oil; eucalyptus oil and others.	Treat the oral cavity every 4-5 hours, combining types of products.
	Vitamins: oil vitamins A and E; solution for injection of vitamin B 12.	Lubricate the oral mucosa 2 times a day.
	Painkillers: Dentol Baby; Lidocaine ointment 1%; Kalgel and other gels that are used to relieve pain during teething in babies.	You can process no more than 6 times a day and no more than 1 time per hour.
Candidiasis (fungal) stomatitis:	Baking soda solution.	1 teaspoon of soda per 100 ml of boiled water. Treat after every meal. You can also treat pacifiers, bottles, and toys with the same solution.
	Candide solution (clotrimazole)	10-20 drops on a sterile cotton swab, apply 3 times a day.
	Holisal (analgesic, antiseptic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effect).	A strip of ointment 5 mm long is applied to the oral mucosa 2-3 times a day.
	Antifungal drugs by mouth, indications: Severe fungal stomatitis; spread of infection beyond the oral cavity; lack of positive results of local therapy within 3 days; presence of immunodeficiency conditions.	Fluconazole (syrup, tablets): 6-12 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day. Prescribed with caution to children under one month of age. Nystatin: up to 1 year – 100,000 units 3-4 times a day, 1-3 years – 250,000 units 3-4 times a day, 3-5 years – 250,000 – 500,000 units 3-4 times a day.
	Furacilin	1 tablet per 100 g of boiling water, cool and treat the oral cavity 2-3 times a day.
	Vinylin	For external use 2-3 times a day.
	Methylene blue, aqueous solution	Treat the entire oral cavity 1-2 times a day.
	Linux	Open 1 capsule of the drug and pour it into the child’s mouth, the baby will distribute the drug throughout the entire oral cavity. “Good” bacteria will fight fungi.
	Chamomile decoction	1 tbsp. a spoonful of herbs in 200.0 ml of boiling water and in a water bath for 15 minutes.
	Herbal decoctions; Healing oils; Vitamins. More details in the previous section of the table.

*All procedures for treating the oral cavity for stomatitis are carried out after meals, and 1-2 hours before the next meal and water.
For this procedure, use sterile cotton swabs and a small amount of product. Using a finger or special tweezers, treat all surfaces of the oral cavity, starting with healthy areas, then change the tampon and lubricate the damaged areas of the mucous membranes. Movements should be gentle and low-traumatic. The use of gauze or bandages is unacceptable, as this will harm the delicate mucous membrane of the mouth.

Treatment of stomatitis should be comprehensive and consist of several types of treatment of the oral cavity, both etiological (against the pathogen), and anti-inflammatory and healing. The main thing is to distribute all these procedures correctly and evenly throughout the day. It is important to treat the oral cavity after eating food and sweet drinks.

The diet for the treatment of any stomatitis should be gentle, it is necessary to exclude irritating foods and drinks.

• Stomatidin – possible from 4 years old;
• Sodium tetraborate (Borax), Bicarmite – effective, but serious side effects that threaten the child’s life are possible; possible from 18 years of age;
• Hexoral – recommended from 6 years;
• Metrogil Denta – contraindicated in children under 14 years of age;
• Boric acid 2% - contraindicated for children under one year of age;
• Yodovidone – not recommended for children under 8 years of age;
• Bioparox – not recommended for children under 2.5 years of age;
• Ingalipt, Tartum Verde and many other sprays - for children over 3 years old;
• Solcoseryl – from 18 years old;
• Chlorophyllipt oil solution – not recommended for children under 10 years of age;
• Lugol's solution on glycerin – not recommended for children under 5 years of age, and for older children it should be used with caution, as it can lead to burns of the oral mucosa;
• Holisal – suitable for children over 1 year old;
• Mouth rinse – difficult in pediatric practice.

How long does it take to treat stomatitis in children?

Acute stomatitis in children is treated from 5 to 14 days, while chronic stomatitis can be treated for months, especially if it developed against the background of immunodeficiency (for example, HIV).

How to cure stomatitis in children over 5 years old?

Treatment of stomatitis in children over 5 years of age is basically the same as in adults, except for those drugs that are contraindicated in a certain age category.

Temperature during stomatitis in a child and an adult, what is it like, how many days does it last and how to bring it down?

An increase in body temperature with any stomatitis is a fairly common occurrence. This symptom especially depends on the age of the patient - the younger the child, the higher the body temperature and the longer it lasts. Also, the symptom of high temperature is more typical for acute forms of stomatitis; with chronic stomatitis, the temperature may remain normal.

In young children, stomatitis is always accompanied by a very high body temperature, up to 40 0 ​​C, and it is this symptom that worries mother and child the most.

Why does body temperature increase with stomatitis?

Inflammation during stomatitis contributes to the disruption of the integrity of the oral mucosa, since this membrane is thin and delicate, especially in children. This is characterized by the appearance of ulcers, aphthae, herpetic blisters, and plaque. At the same time, waste products of infectious pathogens and decay products of destroyed tissues enter the blood. Temperature is a protective reaction of the body that destroys these foreign agents. During this time, the body finds and sends the necessary immune cells to the site of inflammation.

4. Infectious diseases that reduce immunity :

• flu;
• childhood infections;
• Epstein-Barr virus and other herpetic diseases;
• tuberculosis;
• syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases.

5. Hormonal imbalance (sex hormones, insulin, thyroid hormones, and so on).

6. Permanent trauma to the oral mucosa:

• uncomfortable dentures;
• alcohol abuse;
• habit of eating hot, cold, sour, spicy, rough or hard foods, carbonated drinks;
• improper use of toothpaste and mouth rinses;
• using toothpicks and so on.

7. Dental diseases.

8. Stress , improper sleep and rest patterns, lack of vitamins and microelements in the body.

Treatment of recurrent stomatitis should be aimed not only at the inflammation itself, but also at treating the causes that led to this disease:

Chronic fungal stomatitis, complicated by leukoplakia - keratinization of the mucous membrane or papillae of the tongue ("hairy" tongue) requires surgical intervention.

How to quickly cure stomatitis in children and adults at home?

If you have stomatitis, it is advisable to consult a dentist or ENT doctor, but you can also successfully treat it at home.

But there are indications for mandatory consultation with a doctor, in which home self-medication can aggravate the course of stomatitis, worsen the quality of life and threaten the development of severe complications.

When can stomatitis not be treated without consulting a doctor?

• Stomatitis in children under 1 year of age, especially herpetic;
• stomatitis due to HIV infection and other immunodeficiencies;
• any chronic and recurrent stomatitis;
• if the ulcers occupy more than half the surface of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and tongue;
• bleeding wounds in the mouth;
• for purulent dental diseases;
• in the absence of a positive effect from self-medication within 3 days.

Treatment regimen for stomatitis:

• etiotropic treatment , aimed at the pathogen (antiviral, antiseptic and antifungal ointments, gels, rinsing solutions);
• anti-inflammatory drugs for local use;
• healing drugs for treatment of the oral cavity;
• traditional methods of treatment .

Treatment should only be comprehensive; preparations for treating the oral cavity must be combined and distributed throughout the day. It is important to treat the oral cavity after every meal and various drinks.

Read more about methods of treating stomatitis in the corresponding section of the article: .

It must be remembered that any medicinal and herbal preparation can cause adverse reactions and allergies, in which case it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

It is also important to adhere to proper nutrition during treatment of stomatitis.

Principles of diet for stomatitis:

• use only warm , food at a comfortable temperature, hot and ice should be avoided;
• avoid spicy, sour and bitter foods , limit the use of salt and sugar;
• abstinence from drinking alcohol (although there is a legend in everyday life that if you have stomatitis, you should rinse your mouth with vodka), alcohol additionally contributes to chemical injury to the oral mucosa and aggravates the course of the disease;
• food should be soft , preferably crushed or heat-treated, that is, you need to give up hard, whole and raw vegetables and fruits, seeds, nuts, meat and fish with small bones, crackers, hard cookies, and so on;
• preferred liquid, ground or finely ground food, preferably heat-treated, with virtually no large amounts of flavoring additives;
• the diet should contain complete content vitamins and microelements ;
• drinking plenty of fluids necessary to flush out infection from the oral cavity and the body as a whole, purified water is welcome, including mineral water, black and green tea, non-acidic juices and compotes.

Today, patients of all ages are susceptible to this disease. Bacterial stomatitis is expressed in the presence of inflammation of the oral mucosa.

This area is affected by opportunistic bacteria - staphylococci and streptococci. That is why it is enough for harmful bacteria to get inside microscopic wounds or cracks in the mucous membrane to cause this disease.

Since bactericidal microorganisms are widespread in the environment, stomatitis lesions are recorded quite often.

Reasons for development

The main factor in the occurrence of the disease is non-compliance with the rules of oral hygiene, which leads to drying of the mucous membrane and a decrease in the volume of saliva. This may be caused by poor quality hygiene products or certain medications.

You should monitor not only the regularity of hygiene rules, but also the quality of the toothbrush and toothpaste

Even diseases such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media and simple acute respiratory infections can provoke bacterial stomatitis.

Often the disease develops as a result of mechanical, thermal or chemical injury to the oral mucosa, which occurs as a result of:

• accidentally biting your cheek or lip;
• gum burns from food, drinks or chemicals;
• eating solid foods;
• destruction of teeth, dentures or fillings.

Babies are susceptible to this disease during the period. Their weak immunity and immature salivary system also affect them.

Since to diagnose the disease it is enough to carefully examine the mucous membrane, if redness or wounds are detected, you must immediately contact a specialist.

Bacterial stomatitis. Symptoms:

• the occurrence of pain when eating sour or spicy foods;
• fever, weakness and malaise;
• formation of small ulcers;
• appearance of the inner part of the cheek;
• sharp;
• swelling and;
• refusal of food in children;
• increased salivation.

Features of treatment for children

If bacterial stomatitis is detected in children, treatment should begin with plenty of fluids.to ensure the fastest removal of toxins from the body.

Water, juice, herbal tea or compote will do.

No sparkling water or drink allowed.

It is also necessary to eliminate pain in the mucous membrane. For this purpose, choline salicylate or lidocaine is usually used.

In the first days of the disease, it is imperative to rinse the mouth every two hours with a two percent solution of baking soda (in newborns, cleansing the oral cavity is carried out using a spray can, first laying the baby on its side) - this will remove plaque and food debris.

The antifungal drugs nystanin and levorin are very helpful in the treatment of bacterial stomatitis in children.

Since drugs are poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to dissolve them. The approximate course of therapy is two weeks.

If the disease is mild, you can get by with antifungal ointments: decamin, levorin and nystatin.

For children over six years of age, lozenges with decalin can be used.

It is also worth including multivitamins and antihistamines in your treatment. In addition, it is recommended to irrigate the child’s mouth with antiseptics every three hours: furatsilin solution, hydrogen peroxide or rivanol.

If signs of intoxication of the body are detected (pallor, fever, chills, etc.), the child should immediately be given antipyretic drugs and plenty of fluids. If intoxication becomes more severe, treatment should be carried out in a hospital setting.

Regular hygiene will protect you from stomatitis.

Treatment of bacterial stomatitis in adults

Antibiotics are mainly used in the treatment of stomatitis in adults: ampiox, gentamicin and linkamycin.

To speed up wound healing, the following are most often prescribed:

• Hexoral or Cameton spray;
• Eucalyptus M lollipops;
• mouthwashes;
• gel or .

For a speedy recovery, adults need to stop drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes.

Convenience foods and fast food should be excluded from your daily diet.

Prevention:

1. General strengthening of the immune system;
2. Maintaining oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist;
3. It is necessary to wipe children's toys as often as possible. It is recommended to change the pacifier every month;
4. Consumption of natural products that do not cause allergies;
5. Using high-quality toothpaste;
6. Quitting bad habits.

Useful video

Dr. Komarovsky talks about how to recognize and treat stomatitis in a child:

It should also be remembered that stress and nervous tension can also affect the occurrence of the disease, so children should grow up with love and affection.

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa. The origin of the pathology is different and there are many provoking factors. Children are most often affected, especially under the age of three. Treatment should be carried out immediately, since the disease affects the entire body as a whole.

Causes of the disease and methods of infection

The disease can appear against the background of other pathologies, or be primary. In this case, it develops independently and is caused by a number of reasons:

There are three modes of transmission of the disease. Rapid infection occurs through kissing, touching injured areas, or sharing towels, cutlery, and cups.

Types of bacterial stomatitis with photos

Bacterial stomatitis is a lesion of the oral mucosa, which is caused by bacterial pathogens: streptococci and staphylococci. These microorganisms are found almost everywhere (in the air, on household items, etc.), and are contained in the human body within normal limits.

Type of stomatitis	Pathogen	Location of the lesion	General characteristics
Impetiginous	Streptococcus, but later staphylococci also appear	Gum	Mostly, children under 3 years of age suffer from bacterial stomatitis. Ulcers covered with a grayish coating form on the mucous membrane. Its removal is accompanied by bleeding
Erysipelas	Stomatitis is caused by streptococcal microorganisms	Mucous membranes (cheeks, gums, tongue)	Initially, swelling appears, after which reddish spots form, which are soon replaced by ulcers and blisters. The patient suffers from high fever, and overall health deteriorates greatly. Therapy must be started immediately, as sepsis may develop (mainly with a purulent course)
Sticking on the lips (we recommend reading: sticking in the corners of the lips in children: causes and treatment)	Streptococci and staphylococci	Corners of the lips (we recommend reading: why do cracks appear in the corners of the lips and how to deal with them?)	An ulcer appears on the affected area, which itches and bleeds with sudden movements (damage)

Symptoms

Symptoms of bacterial development of stomatitis depend on the form and course of the disease. Depending on the severity, the patient's condition will vary. Based on these criteria, two types can be distinguished:

Treatment of purulent stomatitis in adults

Treatment of stomatitis in adults and children should begin immediately after identifying the pathology. Minor manifestations can be eliminated on your own; to achieve quick results, you need to follow a diet and rinse.

Local phenomena should be dealt with comprehensively, after consulting with a specialist.

Drug therapy

After the examination, the doctor will prescribe treatment for purulent stomatitis, which includes several types of medications. Before using them, be sure to read the instructions and exclude all contraindications, as well as allergic reactions in adults. You need to understand that the treatment of staphylococcal pathology differs in many respects.

Group of drugs	Name of drugs	Action
Painkillers	Lidochlor, Lidocaine Asept, Anestezin, Hexoral Tabs, etc.	They have not only an antispasmodic effect, but also an antimicrobial and healing effect.
Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic	Actovegin-gel, Cholisal, Kamistad, Kameton, Hexetidine, Ingafitol, Stomatidin, etc. (we recommend reading: instructions for using Stomatidin for stomatitis).	Relieves swelling and inflammation, promotes rapid healing of ulcers
Antifungal, antiviral	Fenistil, Claritin, Loratodin, Mikozym, Daktarin, Acyclovir, Cetrin, ointments – oxolinic, bonaftone	Eliminate itching, swelling, irritation
Preparations for restoration of the epithelial layer	Propolis spray, Shostakovsky balm, Karotolin, Salkoseoril	Promotes renewal and healing of the mucous membrane during purulent stomatitis

Folk remedies

Treatment of bacterial stomatitis with folk remedies is no less effective. The best of them:

Preventive measures

To protect yourself and your loved ones from bacterial stomatitis, it is enough to follow simple rules. Preventive measures should be performed daily:

• Perform oral hygiene.
• Treat teeth and other pathologies in this area in a timely manner.
• Eat a balanced diet.
• Take courses of vitamin complexes.
• Reduce the risk of mucosal injury.
• Monitor your health, treat all diseases (ENT, gastrointestinal tract, etc.) so as not to provoke stomatitis.