Other

Promotion of social rehabilitation of convicts who are disabled. Characteristics of the main problems of convicted disabled people in a correctional institution

The organization of social work with convicted disabled people begins with identifying and recording persons of this category. When studying them, it is necessary, first of all, to establish: their state of health, the presence of work experience and the right to receive a pension after release, family ties, specialties, motivation and goals of life, the most characteristic mental states, senile anomalies.

Creation of improved (in accordance with the requirements of penal legislation) conditions for accommodation and meals for disabled prisoners of groups 1 and 2. If there are opportunities through additional sources, the creation of slightly improved conditions for older convicts than for others.

Creation of all necessary sanitary and living conditions for convicted disabled people and the elderly to observe daily personal hygiene, wash in the bathhouse and carry out the necessary walks.

When working with elderly convicts and people with disabilities, one should rely on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative characteristics of age and illness. This can be achieved if we proceed from the basic principle of social work with this category of convicts - to make the life of these persons active. Elderly people are impressed by the fact that correctional institution employees consult with them, listen to their opinions, trust them to carry out responsible personal and collective assignments, etc.

According to Art. 103 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, convicted men over 60 years of age and convicted women over 55 years of age, as well as convicted persons who are disabled people of the first or second group, may be employed only at their request in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on labor and the legislation of the Russian Federation on social protection of disabled people . Therefore, when involving this category of convicts in productive work, it is necessary to take into account the physiological capabilities of the aging organism and the general state of psychophysical functions (memory, perception, thinking, imagination, attention), as well as the motives of their work activity, based on the habit of work activity (boring without work) ; a sense of public duty (team, employees asking for help); the desire to provide for oneself financially; feeling of interest in the success of the team. When selecting work for elderly and disabled convicts, it should be borne in mind that over the years, when choosing a profession, the role of working conditions increases and the importance of its attractiveness decreases somewhat. Effective labor rehabilitation of elderly convicts and disabled people is achieved by maintaining a measured work rhythm.

Proper organization of social and hygienic measures, including
and constant control over the health of elderly convicts and disabled people, medical care, prevention of psychopathological senile deviations and senile insanity by engaging elderly convicts and disabled people in socially useful activities.

Involvement in social work or voluntary work. From the point of view of health prevention for this category of convicts, sudden changes in lifestyle are unacceptable in connection with the transition to another type of work activity or release from work due to illness or decrepitude. Such sudden changes cause states of stress that the body cannot always cope with. Involvement, taking into account the state of health, into any types of socially useful activities: assignments to participate in socially useful work without pay, provision of paid work on a part-time basis. Involvement in the work of amateur organizations. Involvement in carrying out one-time assignments. Appointment of responsible persons from among them for any specific area of work on a voluntary basis.

Creation of mutual assistance groups and ensuring the activities of assigned convicts from the social assistance section to serve this category of convicts, who can participate in carrying out activities to ensure proper household, sanitary and hygienic and other necessary measures for the disabled and elderly.

To maintain a certain level of intellectual functioning, it is important to involve disabled and elderly convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.

The organization of free time and leisure for elderly and disabled convicts should pursue two goals: creating the best conditions for restoring physical and mental energy and maximizing the use of free time in activities that contribute to the development of their social interests. Employees are required to teach the elderly and disabled how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled.

Organization and implementation of health-improving and preventive measures with them, including, along with purely medical measures, socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures. When organizing them, it is necessary to take into account the specific interests and needs of this category of convicts. It is advisable to periodically bring them together on a colony scale, since elderly convicts and disabled people pay special attention to the state of their health and try to find means of maintaining it.

Organization of a series of lectures and conversations on medical and social topics. In the club
colonies and in the library, and, if necessary, in detachments,
equip corners or stands with special medical and educational literature, clippings from periodicals, health education posters, specially designed for elderly prisoners and people with disabilities: “Society needs your experience and knowledge”, “For active aging”, “How to maintain health in the elderly” age”, “How to cope with a serious illness”, etc.

Involvement in cultural work, participation in amateur performances, design of visual propaganda, work of the editorial board, book promotion, repair of existing book stock, self-education.

Involvement in feasible physical education and sports. Participation in competitions in chess, checkers, arm wrestling, and other sports.

Carrying out activities for practical legal preparation for release from places of imprisonment, social and living arrangements (return of lost housing) after release.

Carrying out activities for this category of convicts to distribute and ensure the receipt of various types of assistance received on a charitable basis from various non-governmental organizations.

Special attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of elderly and disabled convicts for release from correctional institutions who do not have families or relatives. Preparatory work is being carried out with these persons to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to properly prepare the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. It is advisable to read letters from convicts who were previously released and sent to nursing homes. There are special norms and rules of behavior that must be followed. In institutions of this type, constant control is established over compliance with the order of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty. Every elderly or senile convict or disabled person must clearly understand where he is going after his release, what awaits him, what conditions are there and how he should behave in them. Persons who are frail and decrepit, disabled people who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release are accompanied by medical service personnel.

Providing assistance in the selection of appropriate clothing and footwear, supplied through charity or specially ordered through various organizations, to provide for disabled and elderly people being released from correctional institutions.

Thus, carrying out social work with convicted disabled people is an important component of all social work carried out in the penitentiary system, and its effectiveness can also be significant in addressing issues of preventing and reducing recidivism in our country.

Work on preparation for release and social adaptation of persons released from correctional institutions.

1. Organization of classes for convicts at the School to prepare for release. This subsection will include the preparation of the program, its approval and the involvement of forces, including external ones, for the implementation of planned activities in the named School.

2. Conducting individual interviews with each of the released convicts. Social service employees must plan and draw up a special schedule in accordance with which these conversations will be conducted.

3. Interaction with territorial employment services at selected places of residence of convicts being released from correctional institutions. It was necessary to indicate activities related to business correspondence, visits by employees of the social service of the correctional institution to territorial employment services, invitation of representatives of employment services to the correctional institution, their participation in the organization of vocational training for convicts

4. Interaction with social protection services for the placement of elderly and disabled persons released from correctional institutions into boarding homes. In this subsection, activities are planned and the names of convicts who intend to live in boarding schools after their release are indicated.

5. Assisting convicts in obtaining passports and all other
necessary documents. Reflect regular and urgent (out of turn) activities related to the organization of work to obtain passports for convicts.

6. Providing social assistance in employment and everyday life to convicts released from correctional institutions on parole.

7. Interaction with government and non-governmental organizations in conducting social work with convicts on release and preparing for their release.

local government bodies;

enterprises of various forms of ownership;

public organizations;

religious denominations;

boards of trustees;

public formations of relatives of convicts

A special place is occupied by the social adaptation of those released from serving a sentence, which includes the following three stages.

1. Adaptive stage when a person released from serving a sentence resolves life problems related to everyday life and work. This initial stage of development after release from punishment is the most difficult and sometimes decisive. When faced with difficulties in everyday life and when getting a job, those released from serving their sentences turn for help to their former friends, who involve them in new crimes.

2. Stage of mastering socially useful roles associated with the psychological and moral difficulties of those released from serving a sentence. During this period, a change in his social roles and functions occurs, and there is a need to change established skills and habits. Often people, especially those who have served a long term of imprisonment, adapt to a new social environment with great internal tension, psychological breakdowns, and constant stressful conditions.

3. Legal adaptation stage on which the necessary and useful views, habits, inclinations, values, desire to work honestly, accurately and steadily fulfill the requirements of laws and moral and ethical standards take place in the psyche. We are talking about consolidating the positive results of correctional labor achieved during the execution of punishment and achieving the goals of correcting the convicted person.

One of the main directions in the fight against recidivism is to provide assistance to persons released from punishment in finding work and everyday life. This applies not only to post-penitentiary adaptation, but also to all persons who have served a sentence involving restriction of freedom. Professional readaptation associated with finding a job and choosing a profession, as a rule, is not always successful.

Characteristic features of social adaptation those released from serving their sentences are the following:

1. occurs after release from punishment associated with deprivation or restriction of freedom;

2. this socio-psychological process begins from the moment the convicted person is released from punishment and ends with the achievement of compliance between the expectations and requirements of society (individual social groups) and the behavior of the previously convicted person;

3. the task of social adaptation of persons released from punishment is to introduce them to life without legal restrictions associated with punishment in a new or changed former social environment, presupposing their free and voluntary submission to the regulatory requirements of this environment and criminal law norms;

4. social adaptation of those released from punishment also depends on the adaptive skills and abilities inherent in the individual initially and brought up in the conditions of execution of punishment;

5. the success of social adaptation of those released from serving a sentence largely depends on the relationship between the system of personal attitudes of the released person and the requirements imposed by the environment (work collective, immediate everyday environment, family);

6. Social adaptation of those released from punishment can be ensured only if there is a positive interdependent social orientation of the microenvironment and the personality of the convicted person, compatibility of social expectations of the environment and moral positions, value orientations of the individual.

The liberated person has to overcome numerous obstacles, both internal, subjective, and external, beyond his control. They make up adaptation problems(or adaptation problems), which fall into two categories.

Another group of problems is associated with the liberated person’s entry into a new microenvironment - family, work collective, and immediate everyday environment.

In the first, as a rule, situations determined by objective circumstances independent of the will of the released person (lack of housing, difficulties in finding employment) prevail. In the second, the decisive role is played by the personal qualities of a person and his behavior, i.e., subjective factors.

In a number of regions, by decision of local authorities and management, individual organizations have been created

Center for social adaptation of persons released from prison. (provides temporary housing in a men's shelter for 40 people (accommodation for up to 6 months). Provides assistance in finding employment and assistance in obtaining registration.

Center for social rehabilitation, the main purpose is to instill skills in responsible behavior of convicts immediately before release

Specialized hostel for short-term accommodation (Kaliningrad, Yaroslavl)

Resocialization Center for persons returning from MLS (St. Petersburg)

Night stay houses, etc.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 64-FZ of April 6, 2011 “On administrative supervision of persons released from prison,” administrative supervision is carried out with the goal of preventing crimes by these persons and providing them with the necessary educational influence.

Administrative supervision is established by the court in relation to an adult who is released or released from prison and has an outstanding or unexpunged criminal record for committing:

1) a grave or especially grave crime;

2) crimes in case of repeat crimes;

3) an intentional crime against a minor.

The following administrative restrictions may be imposed on a supervised person:

2) prohibition of visiting places of mass and other events and participation in these events;

3) prohibition of staying outside a residential or other premises that is the place of residence or stay of a supervised person at a certain time of the day;

5) mandatory attendance from one to four times a month to the internal affairs body at the place of residence or stay for registration.

The establishment by the court of an administrative restriction in the form of mandatory appearance from one to four times a month to the internal affairs body at the place of residence or stay for registration is mandatory.

Administrative supervision is established for a period of one to three years, but not exceeding the period established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for expunging a criminal record;

Administrative supervision can be extended for a period of up to six months, but not beyond the period established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for expunging a criminal record.

Administrative supervision is established by the court on the basis of an application from a correctional institution or internal affairs agency, extended by the court on the basis of an application from the internal affairs agency, and terminated early by the court on the basis of an application from the internal affairs agency.

Administrative supervision may be extended by the court in connection with the commission by the supervised person within one year of two or more administrative offenses against the order of management and (or) administrative offenses encroaching on public order and public safety and (or) on public health and public morality.

Monitoring of the supervised person’s compliance with the administrative restrictions established in relation to him, as well as his fulfillment of the duties provided for by this Federal Law is carried out by the internal affairs body at the place of residence or stay of the supervised person.

From January 1, 2017, a new type of criminal punishment not related to imprisonment will appear in Russia - forced labor.

As an alternative to imprisonment, forced labor will be imposed by the court for a period of two months to 5 years for committing crimes of minor and medium gravity or for committing a serious crime for the first time. The FSIN compares forced labor and stay in correctional centers to the work of shift workers who work away from home, living in dormitories.

The main restrictions that apply to convicts: they will not be able to independently choose a job, quit or change jobs, without permission from the administration to leave the correctional center. The regime of a correctional center cannot be compared with a colony. Convicts live in regular dormitories, and after serving one third of the sentence, if there have been no violations, the convict may be allowed to live outside the center with his family, but within the municipality where the correctional center is located.

Mobile phones and the Internet are allowed in the center. If they feel unwell, the convicts themselves will go to ordinary doctors according to their medical insurance.

Convicts are subject to all provisions of social and pension legislation, including the Labor Code. They receive a salary, from which, by court decision, from 5% to 20% will be withheld from the state. Funds will also be withheld for enforcement proceedings if there are claims satisfied by the courts. Convicts have the right to paid leave for a period of 18 working days after the first six months of work. Only those sentenced to forced labor who do not have penalties are allowed to spend this leave outside the correctional center.

And one more important difference from general regime colonies: convicts can leave the territory of the correctional center and even live outside of it. However, they will not be able to leave at any time: convicts will be required to stay on the territory of the correctional center and leave it only during working hours - if they work for some third-party organization.

In correctional centers, convicts work without security, but they are supervised. They have the right to move freely around the city, but are required to live in the center. Moreover, after serving one third of the sentence, with the permission of the administration of the institution, they can live at home, if, of course, it is located nearby.

A separate section of the correctional center was created on the basis of the colony-settlement N6 in Sterlitamak. It cost 16 million rubles. The funds were spent on repairing and repurposing the building, purchasing furniture and household appliances.

Convicts will live in cubicle-type premises designed for 6-8 people. The established norm per person is at least four square meters of living space. In general, the center can accommodate one hundred people: 64 men and 36 women.

In the center itself we will be able to employ up to 60 people. Some of them go to the vegetable processing workshop already operating in colony-settlement N6. It produces pickled tomatoes and cucumbers, sauerkraut, and marinades. Last year, the workshop processed 387 tons of vegetables.

For another part of the convicts, there will be work at the enterprises of Sterlitamak; there is a preliminary agreement on the employment of 70 people. Even if the correctional center is completely full, no one will be left idle.

Prisoners mainly work in the production of metal or wood products. The base and machines have been preserved since Soviet times. Now we are planning to master agriculture. We now have two colonies with an agricultural focus: KP-6 in Sterlitamak and KP-5 in Ufa. They have land plots, a greenhouse, and a small cannery for the production of vegetables.

Submitting your good work to the knowledge base is easy. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

Medical and psychological support for convicts who are disabled

Psychological Sciences

Kovachev Oleg Vladimirovich, Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

In 2014, more than 20 thousand disabled people were kept in correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, including about 10 thousand disabled people of group 1.

One of the main goals of the “Concept for the development of the penal system of the Russian Federation until 2020” is “to humanize the conditions of detention of persons in custody and persons serving sentences of imprisonment, to increase guarantees of respect for their rights and legitimate interests.” Therefore, in correctional institutions of the Russian Federation it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to respecting the legal rights of convicted disabled people.

We are working to improve the forms and methods of medical and psychological work with convicted disabled people.

The purpose of this work is to equip employees of the penitentiary system with knowledge on the most important issues of medical and psychological support for convicts who are disabled.

It examines the directions and forms of medication, psychocorrectional and psychotherapeutic assistance and support for people with disabilities, and the features of serving this category of convicts.

The article discusses some aspects of medical and psychological support for convicted disabled people. The social connections of convicts have been studied.

Relevance: theoretical research and practical experience convince us that the positive attitude formed in correctional institutions under the influence of modern pedagogical, psychological, psychotherapeutic and other technologies and the ongoing personal changes rarely pass the test of strength when faced with the deforming influence of unfavorable factors. Employee assistance in solving this problem is unsystematic, episodic, and often unprofessional. All this largely determines relapse and other negative social manifestations of a post-penitentiary nature.

It is known that a person who has fallen into the sphere of influence of a correctional institution, temporarily isolated from society and limited in connections, significantly worsens his medical, social and psychological status, without having a real opportunity to independently defend his interests and dignity, to satisfy minimal needs at all stages of isolation from society, starting from pre-trial detention (detention) until the last day of stay in a correctional institution.

An analysis of the social connections of convicted disabled people with relatives showed that 56.4% of convicts maintain social connections with relatives in general-regime correctional institutions, and only 42.3% of convicted disabled people in high-security correctional institutions. convicted disabled person psychological support

Receiving parcels and deliveries. 19.3% of convicted disabled people in general-regime correctional institutions receive parcels and deliveries more than once, which is almost 8% less than in high-security correctional institutions. 19.5% of convicts in general-regime correctional institutions and 17.6% in high-security correctional institutions do not receive parcels or deliveries at all.

The right to visits with relatives and other persons. During the year, 53.1% of convicted disabled people in general-regime correctional institutions and 57.1% in high-security correctional institutions did not have short-term visits. 15.2% of convicted disabled people in general-regime correctional institutions and 21.2% in high-security correctional institutions had only one short-term visit. The majority of convicts in correctional institutions of both types of detention did not have long-term visits, namely 63.2% of convicts with disabilities in general regime correctional institutions and 54.5% of convicts in high-security correctional institutions. The right to telephone conversations. During the year, 18.7% of convicts in general-regime correctional institutions and 22.5% of convicts in high-security correctional institutions exercised the right to telephone conversations more than 4 times. Most of the convicted disabled people did not express a desire to call. In general regime correctional institutions there were 54.5% of such convicts and in maximum security correctional institutions 45.6%.

The right to receive and send letters. In general regime correctional institutions, 63.9% of convicts with disabilities regularly correspond, 24.2% occasionally correspond, and 11.9% of convicts do not correspond. In high-security correctional institutions, 56.1% of convicts regularly correspond, 20.4% occasionally correspond, and 23.5% of convicts with disabilities do not correspond.

We believe that medical and psychological support for convicted disabled people must be provided in all types of institutions and bodies of the penal system. The mechanisms for implementing this task and the experience of constructing such a system are actually the subject of further research.

This work is an attempt to present in a systematic form a new direction in the practical activities of correctional institutions, as well as the still developing branch of penitentiary science and the specialization of a new academic discipline.

In previously published works, only some theoretical and practical problems of medical and psychological work with convicts were highlighted. Meanwhile, its significance is increasing and requires deep, systematic study.

It can be noted that convicted disabled people need various types of constant assistance, support and protection. Medical and social work with them is a priority and mandatory for a specialist; it takes on the nature of support, comprehensive services with the involvement of medical workers, psychologists, social workers, educational workers, representatives of social protection authorities and non-governmental public organizations.

Proposed forms and methods of research implementation. The results of the study will be used by practitioners in the performance of their official duties. It is also planned to use the results of scientific research in the system of professional and service training of personnel and in the educational process of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

References

1. Current problems of modern penitentiary psychology. Tobolevich O.A., Sochivko D.V., Pastushenya A.N., Sukhov A.N., Serov V.I., Datiy A.V., Shcherbakov G.V., Pozdnyakov V.M., Lavrentieva I. .V., Shchelkushkina E.A., Savelyeva T.I., Gavrina E.E., Smirnov A.M., Dikopoltsev D.E., Adylin D.M., Kuptsov I.I., Pivovarova T.I. . Monograph / Scientifically edited by D.V. Sochivko. Ryazan, 2013. Volume 1.

2. Voronin R.M., Datii A.V. Medical and social work with disabled men held in general regime correctional colonies // Personality in a changing world: health, adaptation, development. 2014. No. 1 (4). pp. 67-74.

3. Datii A.V. Scientific and methodological support of an experiment to improve the medical and sanitary provision of convicts // Bulletin of the penal system. 2012. No. 9. pp. 16-21.

4. Datii A.V. Problems of medical provision for convicts // Personality in a changing world: health, adaptation, development. 2014. No. 1 (4). pp. 52-60.

5. Datii A.V. Characteristics of HIV-infected people sentenced to imprisonment (based on materials from the 2009 special census) // Applied legal psychology. 2014. No. 1. P. 100-107.

6. Datii A.V., Bovin B.G. Analysis of the dynamics of intentional murders and the number of people convicted of murder in Russia // Applied legal psychology. 2011. No. 2. P. 23-29.

7. Datii A.V., Voronin R.M. Problems of organizing medical support for convicts and employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Applied legal psychology. 2014. No. 2. P. 155-156.

8. Datii A.V., Ganishina I.S. Characteristics of drug-addicted convicted women who sought psychological help // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. 2014. No. 2 (19). pp. 68-76.

9. Datiy A.V., Ganishina I.S., Kuznetsova A.S. Characteristics of drug addicted convicted men who sought psychological help // Bulletin of the Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. 2014. No. 2 (13). pp. 21-25.

10. Datiy A.V., Dikopoltsev D.E., Fedoseev A.A. Internet conference “Transformation of educational colonies into institutions for the detention of persons who committed crimes as minors” // Applied legal psychology. 2011. No. 3. P. 181-182.

11. Datiy A.V., Kazberov P.N. Review of the dictionary of penitentiary psychology “Crime and punishment from “A” to “Z” (under the general editorship of Doctor of Psychology D.V. Sochivko) // Applied legal psychology. 2010. No. 3. P. 193.

12. Datiy A.V., Kazberov P.N. Creation of basic (standard) psychocorrectional programs for working with convicts // Applied legal psychology. 2011. No. 1. P. 216-218.

13. Datiy A.V., Kovachev O.V., Fedoseev A.A. Characteristics of HIV-infected convicted women in general regime colonies // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. 2014. No. 3 (20). pp. 66-74.

14. Datii A.V., Kovachev O.V. Characteristics of HIV-infected convicted men in general regime colonies // Bulletin of the Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. 2014. No. 3 (14). pp. 11-15.

15. Datiy A.V., Kovachev O.V., Fedoseev A.A. Characteristics of convicts with socially significant diseases // Electronic Bulletin of the Rostov Socio-Economic Institute. 2014. No. 3. P. 21-32.

16. Datii A.V., Kozhevnikova E.N. Current problems of applied legal psychology // Applied legal psychology. 2014. No. 4. P. 165-166.

17. Datiy A.V., Pavlenko A.A., Shatalov Yu.N. Internet conference “Improving health care in the penal system” // Applied legal psychology. 2012. No. 1. P. 178-179.

18. Datiy A.V., Selivanov S.B., Panfilov N.V. Experience in creating an information and analytical base for social and hygienic monitoring in the system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia // Hygiene and Sanitation. 2004. No. 5. P. 23.

19. Datii A., Teneta E. Characteristics of HIV-infected convicts in institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Law and Law. 2006. No. 12. P. 40-41.

20. Datii A.V., Trubetskoy V.F., Selivanov B.S. Internet conference “Prevention of socially significant diseases in institutions of the penal system” // Applied legal psychology. 2012. No. 2. P. 151-152.

21. Datiy A.V., Fedoseev A.A. Criminological and psychological characteristics of convicts with socially significant diseases // Personality in a changing world: health, adaptation, development. 2014. No. 2 (5). pp. 69-79.

22. Datiy A.V., Fedoseev A.A. Characteristics of convict women with tuberculosis who sought psychological help // Electronic Bulletin of the Rostov Socio-Economic Institute. 2014. No. 1. P. 16-27.

23. Datiy A.V., Fedoseev A.A. Characteristics of convicted men with tuberculosis who applied for psychological help // Electronic Bulletin of the Rostov Socio-Economic Institute. 2014. No. 2. P. 35-45.

24. Datii A., Khokhlov I. The problem of providing anti-tuberculosis care to convicts in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Law and Law. 2006. No. 11. pp. 23-24.

25. Datiy A.V., Yusufov R.Sh., Ermolaeva T.V. The role of clinical diagnostic laboratory tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosis // Clinical laboratory diagnostics. 2010. No. 9. P. 35.

26. Lapkin M.M., Kazberov P.N., Datiy A.V. Medical and psychological support for citizens in fire areas // Applied legal psychology. 2010. No. 4. P. 158-163.

27. Machkasov A.I. Implementation of compulsory state life and health insurance for employees of the penitentiary system. Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences / Kuban State Agrarian University. Krasnodar, 2010.

28. Pintyashin E.V., Polyanin N.A. Problems that arise for convicts, depending on their informal social status // NovaInfo.Ru. 2015. No. 30.

29. Smirnov D.A., Selivanov B.S., Datiy A.V. Some aspects of health care provision for convicts in settlement colonies // Criminal executive system: law, economics, management. 2008. No. 1. P. 20-21.

30. Rakhmaev E.S. The Law of the Russian Federation “On institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment” is 15 years old // Man: crime and punishment. 2008. No. 3. P. 15-17.

31. Sochivko D.V., Savchenko T.N. Eighth scientific and practical seminar “Applied legal psychology” problems of mass consciousness: management and manipulation on the border of the legal field // Applied legal psychology. 2014. No. 2. P. 145-149.

32. Teneta E.L., Datii A.V. Some aspects of the characteristics of HIV-infected convicts in institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Criminal executive system: law, economics, management. 2007. No. 2. P. 32-34.

Posted on Allbest.ru

...

Similar documents

Creation of civilized conditions for convicts while serving their sentences. The procedure for providing medical and sanitary care. Features of placement and conditions of detention of convicts in treatment and preventive institutions.

test, added 01/31/2010

Principles of the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation. Responsibilities and rights of employees of the penal system. Legal status of convicts serving sentences in correctional and educational colonies, pre-trial detention centers and prisons.

test, added 11/18/2015

Features of the development of the penal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Social and legal status of convicts in penitentiary institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Characteristics of the rights and responsibilities of convicts, measures of influence, means of protection in places of deprivation of liberty.

thesis, added 11/02/2015

Medical services for persons serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty. Providing medical services to certain categories of convicts. The procedure for providing medical care to convicts. Improving the provision of medical services to prisoners.

course work, added 06/22/2017

Subject and tasks of penitentiary victimology. Prevention of penitentiary crimes. The state of crime among persons held in institutions of the penitentiary system. Factors determining the level of penitentiary victimization of convicts.

test, added 12/22/2015

Appointment of guard units for convoying convicts in institutions of the penal system, their composition and number. Preparing outfits for service. Purpose and types of topographic symbols and basic requirements for them.

test, added 04/16/2013

Studying the practice of correctional institutions (PI). Means of mobilizing convicts, activating their attitudes, habits, and mental states. Types, forms and methods of psychological training of convicts and its necessity. Means of resocialization.

abstract, added 12/04/2008

Conditions for serving imprisonment in special regime correctional colonies for those convicted of intentional crimes. The state of legality in modern institutions of the penal system. Responsibility of those sentenced to compulsory labor.

test, added 02/27/2017

The concept of regime in correctional institutions. Status, legal status of persons serving sentences. Types of correctional institutions in Russia. Rights and responsibilities of employees of the penal system. Social protection and rehabilitation of convicts.

test, added 04/21/2016

The history of the formation of the education system for prisoners sentenced to imprisonment. Russian and international experience in legal regulation of the education of convicts. Peculiarities of organizing the receipt of general and vocational education for convicts.

Social work in penitentiary institutions of modern Russia is actively developing as a special type of activity to provide social assistance and support, and provide social protection for convicts. For this purpose, departments for socio-psychological work, groups for social protection and recording the work experience of convicts have been created in correctional institutions for persons detained in them, the employees of which, when solving the tasks specified by regulations, are primarily guided in their activities by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of legislation on social protection of disabled people is to provide them with equal opportunities with other citizens in the implementation of civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation. The social protection measures for disabled people provided for in regulations are the obligations of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities. Legislation on these measures and forms of support for people with disabilities applies to all categories of citizens, including convicted persons serving a criminal sentence in the form of imprisonment. At the same time, the special nature of the execution of deprivation of liberty (that is, the organization of a special penal process, including the stage of release and post-penitentiary resocialization) and preparation for release is determined by the sign of disability of the individual serving a criminal sentence.

Activities to provide convicts with social assistance, support, protection for the purpose of their correction and resocialization during the execution of a criminal sentence, as well as adaptation to society after release, is a priority of social work in a correctional institution, especially with such a category as convicted disabled people

The Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, adopted in 1955, state that “the legislator should ensure that prisoners, during and after serving their sentences, retain the maximum rights in the field of social security, social benefits and other civil interests.” Preserving the maximum rights in the field of social security for convicted disabled people, as recommended in fundamental international documents, is an expression of the principles of humanism and social justice in penal law as it relates to social security. (Social work in the penal system: Textbook / S.A. Luzgin, M.I. Kuznetsov, V.N. Kazantsev, etc.; Generally edited by Yu.I. Kalinin. - 2nd ed., rev. - Ryazan, 2006.)

The most important laws that are important for social work and the penal system with convicted disabled people include, first of all, the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (1996), which fixes as a task of the penal legislation of the Russian Federation, along with others: “providing assistance to convicts in social adaptation.” This rule of law applies to the entire mass of convicts serving criminal sentences, including convicted disabled people.

One cannot ignore such an aspect of social work as medical and sanitary provision for convicts. In accordance with Article 101 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, treatment and preventive institutions are organized in the penitentiary system for medical care of convicts, and the administration of the correctional institution is responsible for fulfilling the requirements to ensure their health protection.

In correctional institutions you can meet convicted persons with disabilities: vision, hearing, amputated limbs, general and occupational diseases. They have the opportunity to regularly receive medical care in a correctional institution; they can be placed in an inpatient medical unit of a colony, as well as in a special hospital or medical correctional institution. Keeping this category of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty requires the creation of certain conditions, proper care for them, as well as material costs.

Disabled people of groups I and II serving a sentence may, in addition, based on medical reports, receive parcels (deliveries), parcels, as well as purchase food and basic necessities from the funds available in their personal accounts, in the amount of one established minimum wage with taking into account the allowances provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Individual convicts are involved in assisting disabled people in caring for them.

Currently, convicted disabled people (if they wish) are employed in production facilities of penal institutions or enterprises of various forms of ownership that cooperate with penal institutions, based on their employment opportunities and necessarily their desire, taking into account the requirements of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Penal legislation provides for working convicts with disabilities of groups I and II, as well as elderly convicts, certain benefits:

1) increasing the duration of annual paid leave to 18 working days;

2) involvement in work without pay only at their request;

3) increasing the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of their accrued wages, pensions and other income.

Convicts who have lost their ability to work while serving a sentence of imprisonment have the right to compensation for damage in cases and in the manner provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Convicts with disabilities, like all convicts, have the opportunity to communicate with each other and with other convicts, staff, and attend all awareness-raising, social, cultural, and physical culture and sports events held by the administration of the correctional institution. They have the opportunity to visit the library, as well as watch TV shows at the allotted time according to the daily schedule.

In each correctional institution, all convicts, including disabled people, have the opportunity to receive basic general education, secondary education, vocational education, and distance learning opportunities are also created in colleges and universities.

Many positive examples from the activities of the penitentiary system can be cited when convicted disabled people themselves actively participate in leisure, cultural, physical and sports events, as well as in the activities of public amateur groups to assist the administration of the penitentiary institution in various areas of activity.

Meals for convicts with disabilities of groups I and II are provided free of charge according to the increased standards established by the Government of the Russian Federation (general, dietary) and are organized depending on their mobility in the canteen of the correctional institution or in a designated place in the accommodation premises. Clothing for convicts with disabilities of groups I and II is also provided free of charge. Care for convicted disabled people can be carried out by people specially assigned by the administration of the penitentiary institution for this purpose from among the convicted persons themselves. They help such convicts in all matters related to the need to maintain personal hygiene and public sanitation. Convicted disabled people have the right to state pension provision on a general basis. Payment of pensions to them is carried out by social protection authorities at the location of the correctional facility by transferring pensions to the personal accounts of convicted persons.

When preparing for release, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of such categories of convicts as disabled people of groups I and II, the elderly, pregnant women with children, as well as foreign citizens.

So, in accordance with Article 180 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, at the request of convicts who are disabled people of groups I and II, as well as convicted men over 60 years of age who did not have a permanent place of residence before their conviction, and convicted women over 55 years old, who are released from places of imprisonment, The administration of correctional institutions sends requests to social protection authorities to place them in homes for the disabled and the elderly. Persons without children traveling to homes for the disabled or elderly are provided with tickets to the location of the institution.

Thus, all of the above confirms the existence of legal norms in the penal system of the Russian Federation that establish the foundations of social work with convicted disabled people in the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, which are reflected in: the Constitution of the Russian Federation; regulations of the Ministry of Justice of Russia regulating issues of social work; regulations of the Federal Penitentiary Service, its main departments and departments; local regulations adopted by the administration of correctional institutions of penal institutions on issues of social work.

All social work with convicted disabled people during their stay in correctional institutions is carried out by its employees (primarily social workers, medical workers, squad leaders and psychologists). In Russia, social work in the penitentiary sphere as an independent type of professional activity began to take shape in 2001. This is due to the transformation of penal policy towards humanization, i.e. respecting the rights of convicts, ensuring optimal conditions for serving their sentences, and returning to society.

Representatives of public organizations and religious denominations may be involved in this work, providing assistance in this work of the penal system. Practice shows that managers, as well as social, educational and medical services of correctional institutions, on the basis of cooperation agreements concluded with various organizations, primarily create opportunities for weakly protected categories of convicts, which include convicted disabled people, to receive social assistance from them.

The main tasks of social work in a correctional institution are:

Organization and provision of social protection for all categories of convicts, especially those in need (pensioners, disabled people, those who have lost family ties, transferred from correctional colonies, the elderly, those suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, those without a specific place of residence, patients with incurable or intractable diseases);

Assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving the sentence;

Assistance in the social development of the convicted person, including improving their social culture, developing social needs, changing normative value orientations, increasing the level of social self-control;

Helping convicts find a socially acceptable environment for them, a point of social interest (work, family, religion, art, etc.).

Development and strengthening of socially useful connections between the convicted person and the outside world;

Assisting the convicted person in obtaining assistance from specialists.

Disability pensions are issued after the convicted person is recognized as disabled, which is carried out in the manner prescribed by the Regulations on recognizing a person as disabled, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 1996 No. 965, and in accordance with the Classifications and temporary criteria used in the implementation of medical social expertise approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated January 20, 1997 No. 1/30.

A medical and social examination of a convicted person is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the public service institution regulating these issues. An application, referral and other medical documents confirming the violation of his health are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is being held to the territorial institutions of the state medical and social examination service. To draw up an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person, examination of convicts in institutions of the state medical and social examination service is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional institution where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.

If a convicted person is recognized as disabled, a MSEC certificate in the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. An extract from the certificate of examination at the institution of the state medical and social examination service of a convicted person recognized as disabled is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution, for assignment, recalculation and organization of payment of a pension. And an extract from the examination report on the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability and the need for additional types of assistance is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. In case of release from a correctional institution of a convicted person whose disability has not expired, a MSEC certificate is issued to him.

Payment of pensions assigned to those sentenced to imprisonment is made from the date of sentencing, but not earlier than July 1, 1997 and in all cases not earlier than the day from which the pension was assigned.

To organize the payment of pensions to convicts who received a pension before their conviction, the administration of the correctional institution sends to the body providing pensions a list and a certificate for each convict about his stay in the correctional institution. The body providing pensions checks the information specified in the list and, if necessary, requests pension files and other documents required to open payments.

After the release of a disabled person from places of imprisonment, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of imprisonment and a registration document issued by the registration authorities. And after all the necessary documents are collected and completed, he will again receive a pension.

When working with convicted disabled people, a social work specialist relies on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of the disease. This can be achieved if we proceed from the basic principle of social work with this category of convicts - to make their lives active. Since people with disabilities pay special attention to their health and try to find ways to maintain it, organizing a series of lectures and conversations on medical and social topics is important. In the correctional institution's club, library, and in detachments, corners or stands can be equipped with special medical and educational literature, clippings from periodicals, health and educational posters designed for convicted disabled people: “How to maintain health”, “How to cope with a serious illness” , “Society needs your experience and knowledge,” etc.

Health education is an integral and integral part of the activities of the medical service, carried out in close cooperation with educational, cultural and social work. Since an important aspect of the entire work of a correctional institution is that a person who can independently adapt to the conditions after release must return to society. Sanitary educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting, publication of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, memos, the use of slogan posters, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.

When selecting work for convicted disabled people, it should be borne in mind that when choosing a profession, the role of working conditions increases, that disabled people of groups I and II are involved in work only at their request. Effective labor rehabilitation of convicted disabled people is achieved by maintaining a measured work rhythm that does not allow rush jobs, storms, or arrhythmias in production activities.

The organization of social and hygienic measures includes constant monitoring of the health of convicted disabled people, medical care, prevention of psychopathological deviations by engaging convicted disabled people in socially useful activities.

From the point of view of health prevention for this category of convicts, sudden changes in lifestyle are unacceptable in connection with a transition to another type of work activity or release from work due to illness. Such sudden changes cause states of stress that the body cannot always cope with. Involvement, taking into account the state of health, into any types of socially useful activities: assignments to participate in socially useful work without pay, provision of paid work on a part-time basis. Involvement in the work of amateur organizations. Involvement in carrying out one-time assignments. Appointment of responsible persons from among them for any specific area of work on a voluntary basis.

It is effective to create mutual assistance groups by social work specialists and ensure the activities of assigned convicts from the social assistance section to serve convicts with disabilities, who can participate in activities to ensure proper household, sanitary, hygienic and other necessary matters for disabled people.

To maintain a certain level of intellectual functioning, it is important to involve disabled convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.

Employees must teach disabled people how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. The organization of free time and leisure for convicted disabled people should pursue two goals: creating the best conditions for restoring physical and mental energy and maximizing the use of free time in activities that contribute to the development of their social interests. For this purpose, convicted disabled people are involved in mass cultural work, participation in amateur performances, design of visual propaganda, work of the editorial board, promotion of books, repair of existing book stock, and self-education. It is also advisable to involve the category in question in physical education and sports (competitions in chess, checkers, arm wrestling, etc.).

Organizing and carrying out preventive measures with them, including, along with measures of a purely medical nature, also socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures, is also of no small importance for preparing this category of convicts for life in freedom.

Special attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions.

Preparatory work is being carried out with persons who do not have family or relatives to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to properly prepare the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. There are special norms and rules of behavior that must be followed. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type, constant control is established over compliance with the order of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty.

It should be noted that in order to provide disabled people released from correctional institutions with appropriate clothing and footwear, measures are being taken to distribute and ensure the receipt of various types of assistance coming from various non-governmental organizations.

For those who cannot be sent to nursing homes, in the absence of family and relatives, measures must be taken to provide them with a home or establish guardianship after their release from the correctional facility. Disabled persons who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release must be accompanied by medical staff.

Of great importance in the organization of social work in general, in the correctional institution of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the preparation of convicts for release, is the legal consolidation of this activity. The preparation of convicts for release is legislatively enshrined in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Executive Code, which is entitled “Assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences and control over them,” including convicts with disabilities.

Preparations for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions begin no later than 6 months before the end of the term of imprisonment.

Activities to prepare convicts for release include several stages:

1. Registration of convicts released at the end of their sentence;

2. The main element of preparing convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions is documentation. This is to provide convicts released from correctional institutions with all the necessary documents. The main document, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of a convicted person, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost them for various reasons.

3. Restoration of socially useful connections of convicts (sending requests to the police department for this purpose, correspondence with relatives, etc.). Of particular importance in this case is the interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution;

4. Conducting individual conversations with each person being released, during which life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and responsibilities of citizens during the job search are explained, issues of household arrangements, etc. are clarified;

5. Registration of social cards for each convicted person with mandatory issuance upon release. Both specialists from the administration of the penitentiary institution and other services participate in drawing up a social map. Maps are compiled to ensure full accounting of persons released from the institution for submission to local government bodies, employment institutions, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence;

6. Payment for the convict’s travel to the destination upon release. If necessary, escort to the train and purchase of travel documents are provided;

7. Development of teaching materials containing information necessary for those released on issues of social services, medical care, paperwork (passports, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. This methodological material allows a person being released from a penal institution to form certain knowledge about social reality.

9. It is also necessary to identify convicts who have the right to receive a pension and take timely measures to provide them with pensions after release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions; state pensions.

Basic documents that need to be prepared by a social work specialist to assign pensions:

Statement by the convicted person;

Convict's passport;

Certificates confirming the place of stay or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Insurance certificate of state pension insurance;

Documents on labor activity - work book; a certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension benefits;

Documents establishing disability and the degree of limitation of ability to work;

Information about disabled family members, death of the breadwinner; confirming family relations with the deceased breadwinner; that the deceased was a single mother; about the death of the other parent;

Other documents (their submission is possible if necessary). A social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the pension authorities, monitors the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the assignment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If work experience cannot be confirmed or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 years for men and 55 years of age for women, or a state social disability pension.

An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of a convicted disabled person being released from a correctional facility is the preparation and issuance of a “Memo to the Released Person.” Its structure may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; about pension provision; about going to court; about the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, night shelters, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.)

Thus, social work with convicted disabled people in correctional institutions is a logically structured system of social activities. At the same time, the practical preparedness of disabled people for release is of great importance. Its effectiveness is of significant importance in resolving issues of social, everyday, labor rehabilitation and their social adaptation to life in freedom.

Questions for self-control

1. What are the main problems of convicted disabled people in correctional institutions?

2. Expand the legal norms of social work with convicted disabled people in the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. Describe the main directions and forms of social work with convicted disabled people in correctional institutions.

Kuznetsov M. I., Ananyev O. G. Social work with convicts in correctional institutions: textbook. a manual for beginners in social work of the penitentiary system - Ryazan, 2006.

Luzgin S.A. Centers for psychological, pedagogical and social work with convicts as a domestic model for organizing their correction and resocialization in correctional colonies: Textbook. – Ryazan, 2004.

On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ.

On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people: Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ.

On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ.

Social work in penitentiary institutions: Textbook / ed. A.Ya. Grishko, M.I. Kuznetsova, V.N. Kazantseva. – M., 2008.

Social work in the penal system: Textbook/S.A. Luzgin, M.I. Kuznetsov, V.N. Kazantsev and others; Under general edited by Yu.I. Kalinina. - 2nd ed., rev. – Ryazan, 2006.

Social work with convicts: Textbook / ed. V.I. Zhukova, M.A. Galaguzova. – M., 2002.

Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (1997).

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (1996).

<*>Kokurin A.V., Slavinskaya Yu.V. On the issue of psychological support of life convicts in conditions of reform of the criminal-executory system.

Kokurin A.V., head of the laboratory for studying the problems of working with convicts of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, candidate of psychological sciences, associate professor, colonel of the internal service, head of the section "Problems of penitentiary psychology."

Slavinskaya Yu.V., Associate Professor of the Department of General Psychology of the Academy of Law and Management of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Lieutenant Colonel of the Internal Service.

The materials of the article reflect the authors' point of view on modern problems associated with psychological support for persons serving life imprisonment. The main direction of psychological support is maintaining the mental health of a life-sentenced person, on the one hand, and providing professional assistance to employees who ensure the implementation of this type of imprisonment. The relevance of developing an integrated approach to psychological support of individual preventive work with convicts serving life imprisonment is emphasized by the lack of similar domestic and foreign experience.

Key words: methods and methodology of in-depth study of personality, personality of a person sentenced to life imprisonment, integrated approach, psychological support.

The materials of the article manifest the viewpoint of the authors to contemporary problems related to psychological support of persons highlighted to life sentence. The main direction of psychological support is preservation of psychological health of life convict on the one side and rendering professional assistance to workers providing for implementation of this type of deprivation of freedom. The topicality of working out of complex approach to psychological support of individual-preventive work with life convicts is stressed by the absence of both Russian and foreign experience in this sphere.

Key words: methods and methodology of deep study of personality, the personality of life convict, complex approach, psychological support.

The humanization of criminal and penal policy in Russia led to the development of the institution of life imprisonment (hereinafter referred to as PLS) as an alternative to the death penalty and predetermined the growth in the number of convicts serving this type of punishment<1>. The change in the number of persons sentenced to PLC (as well as those for whom the death penalty was replaced by this type of punishment) actually obeys the laws of linear dependence<2>. By 2015, the number of this category of special contingent may be more than 1,800 people<3>.

<1>Balamut A.N. Persons sentenced to life imprisonment and ways to provide them with psychological assistance: Monograph. Moscow: PRI, 2009.
<2>The number of people sentenced to life imprisonment in Russia as of January 1 was: 2005 - 1577, 2006 - 1591, 2007 - 1628, 2008 - 1714, 2009 - 1730 people.
<3>Slavinskaya Yu.V., Zharkikh A.A. On the optimization of psychological support for persons serving life imprisonment // Collection of articles based on the materials of the problem seminar “Problems of psychological work with those sentenced to life imprisonment and ways to solve them.” M., 2010.

Analysis of materials from a special census of convicts and persons in custody, conducted by a group of employees of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia under the leadership of Doctor of Law, Professor V.I. Seliverstov in 2009, allows us to obtain a generalized description of a modern prisoner sentenced to PLC.

This is a man from 30 to 50 years old (74.2% of all those sentenced to PLC); citizen of Russia (96.2%); having incomplete secondary or secondary education (75.4%); before conviction, did not work anywhere (54.2%) or was a worker (30.5%); as a rule, serving the first (48.7%) conviction (second - 27.2%, third - 12.8%). In 52.4% of cases, he was initially sentenced to PLC, in 47.6% of cases, he was initially sentenced to death. 49.4% of convicts in this category committed a crime alone. Of those who committed a crime in complicity, 19.1% of persons were organizers, 3.9% were perpetrators and 1% were accomplices. In 94.7% of cases, such a convict was not prescribed compulsory treatment (but 3.1% of those sentenced to PLC were prescribed treatment for alcoholism, 1.7% for tuberculosis, 0.4% for drug addiction, 0.1% each for substance abuse and HIV -infection). In 92.2% of cases, the person sentenced to PLC does not suffer from a mental disorder that does not exclude sanity. As a rule, he is not assigned other measures of a criminal legal nature (96.9%). 30.8% of those sentenced to PLC were sick or currently sick with tuberculosis, only 0.6% of them were sick with HIV infection. In 98.1% of cases, such a convicted person is not registered as a drug user. The majority have actually served a sentence of more than 10 years - 62.3% (11.9% - from 8 to 10 years, 15.2% - from 5 to 8 years). In 5.8% of cases, he was convicted of committing a crime while serving his sentence. As a rule, able to work (85.3%). 61.3% do not work all the time due to insufficient work (27.2% are employed and have a constant supply of work). The administration is characterized negatively (48.2%) or neutrally (42.2%). Serving a sentence in a special regime correctional colony (96.7%); in 68.6% of cases - under strict conditions of detention (19.7% - under ordinary conditions; 9.9% - under light conditions). As a rule, he serves his sentence in another subject of the Russian Federation, not at his place of residence and not at the place of conviction (91.1%).

Taking into account the high degree of public danger of this category of convicts, in order to ensure safety while serving their sentences, the legislator provided for their cell-by-cell placement and maintenance. This predetermined the need to move from traditional collective to individual forms of work with prisoners sentenced to PLC.

An analysis of sources on the topic under study shows insufficient coverage in domestic and foreign scientific literature of issues related to the development of a scientific and methodological base and an integrated approach to psychological support for this category of convicts.

Certain issues of life imprisonment were addressed in their works by such prominent modern scientists as G.Z. Anashin, O.A. Antonov, A.I. Alekseev, V.I. Baranov, S.E. Vitsin, M.G. Detkov, S.I. Dementyev, S.V. Zhiltsov, I.Ya. Kozachenko, A.I. Dolgova, A.I. Zubkov, V.E. Kvashis, V.V. Luneev, M.P. Melentyev, S.F. Miliukov, G.L. Minakov, A.S. Mikhlin, V.S. Ovchinsky, E.F. Pobegailo, P.G. Ponomarev, V.A. Utkin, N.B. Khutorskaya, I.V. Shmarov, V.E. Southerner and others. An analysis of the works of these scientists draws attention to the fact that most of them operate only with logical and theoretical arguments. At the same time, specific empirical research results are virtually absent. As for the psychological aspects of ensuring life imprisonment, they are reflected only indirectly in the works of the above-mentioned authors (mostly lawyers)<4>.

<4>Kazakova E.N. Life imprisonment in Russia (criminal legal and penal aspects): Textbook. allowance. M.: PER SE, 2008.

Nevertheless, among the works of a “psychological orientation” known today, there is a certain interest in the specifics of psychological support for persons imprisoned for life, and the psychological characteristics of this category of convicts (Yu.V. Slavinskaya (2002), A.N. Balamut (2007)<5>, V.S. Mukhina (2009)<6>).

<5>Balamut A.N. Psychological assistance to convicts serving life sentences: Dis. ...cand. psycho. Sci. Ryazan, 2007.
<6>Mukhina V.S. Alienated: The absolute of alienation. M.: Prometheus, 2009.

It must be remembered that psychological support and support for convicts serving life imprisonment is fundamentally different in a number of respects from working with other categories of convicts<7>, namely: the specifics of their socio-psychological and criminal-psychological status, the maximum duration of the term of imprisonment, pronounced social deprivation, loss of interpersonal skills, violations of socialization and adaptation, significantly greater socio-psychological and intellectual degradation, loss of guilt for the act committed<8>etc. All this, of course, hinders the correction and resocialization of those sentenced to PLC in general.

<7>Kazakova E.N. Decree. op.
<8>Yalunin V.U. Long-term and lifelong imprisonment: legislation and application // Materials of the 14th meeting of the Steering Group for reforming the penal system of Russia. St. Petersburg; Vologda, 2002.

So, the growth in the number of convicts serving life imprisonment, their high degree of criminalization, the presence of pathopsychological changes in their personality and behavior, as well as the need to introduce various forms of individual preventive work with them indicate the relevance of developing an integrated approach to psychological support of the correctional process in cell-by-cell conditions. content. In turn, the use of life imprisonment in domestic conditions requires not only further comprehensive theoretical and applied research taking into account modern trends in criminal and penal policy, but also an in-depth study of the personality of the convict himself, serving a life sentence.

The need for such a study is also predetermined by the fact that the issue of the specifics of psychological support for persons serving life imprisonment has not yet been resolved.

The existing points of view on this matter range from the inappropriateness of applying psychological correction methods to life-sentenced prisoners in principle to the tasks of their real correction and correction<9>.

<9>See, for example: Slavinskaya Yu.V., Kokurin A.V. On the need to develop an integrated approach to psychological support for persons serving life imprisonment // Applied legal psychology. 2009. N 3.

The relevance of the research topic is also emphasized by the unresolved issue of the role of the psychologist and his functions in the psychological support of life-sentenced prisoners. Until now, the practical activities of penitentiary psychologists working with this category of convicts are limited to such areas as identifying “risk groups”, special registration, placement in cells, etc.

In our opinion, the main directions of psychological support for persons serving PLC, formulated back in 2002.<10>, boil down to the provision on the need to preserve and maintain the mental health of this category of convicts, on the one hand, and to provide professional assistance to employees of the relevant penitentiary institutions, on the other.

<10>Slavinskaya Yu.V. Mental states of convicts serving life imprisonment: Dis. ...cand. psycho. Sci. Ryazan, 2002.

Thus, purpose Our research is to develop theoretical and psychological foundations for psychological support of individual preventive work with convicts serving PLC.

We believe that the use of an integrated approach in individual psychological work with convicts serving PLC, based on the results of an in-depth study of their personality, will help to increase the effectiveness of correctional influence in conditions of imprisonment, social reintegration, and social adaptation to the conditions of serving a sentence.

Methodological approaches to conducting this research should organically combine both tested and confidently proven in practice, and new psychodiagnostic techniques that are specifically adapted to the specifics of the population being studied.

The study involves the use of various psychological tools:

analysis of personal files of convicts;
analysis of the results of forensic psychiatric and psychological-psychiatric examinations;
clinical interview;
psychodiagnostic techniques (verbal and projective);
conversation and questionnaires.

Along with traditional ones, original diagnostic procedures and psychotechniques designed to collect empirical data will be used. The above methods and techniques are planned to be implemented in stages.

Data collection will be carried out during business trips to territorial bodies and institutions of the penal system containing persons serving life imprisonment.

In the methodological procedures for collecting significant information within the framework of the problem under study, it is planned to involve not only competent specialists from regional psychological units working in institutions where those sentenced to PLC are serving their sentences, but also specialists from other departments and services who have the information of interest to us.

In analyzing the results obtained and establishing the identified patterns, various mathematical and statistical methods and approaches will be used in the multifunctional psychodiagnostic shell "Psychometric Expert 7", developed by employees of the Interregional Psychological Laboratory of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Yaroslavl Region.

In conclusion, summing up the rationale for the feasibility, as well as the theoretical and practical significance of our research, I would like to turn to the immediate prospects of life imprisonment in the context of reforming the penal system. Thus, in the speeches of the Director of the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) of Russia A.A. Reimer sounded his consistently negative position regarding the death penalty and, as a consequence, the inevitable development of the institution of life imprisonment. Considering the fact that as a result of reforming the penal system (penal system), according to the director of the Federal Penitentiary Service, it is planned to leave only two types of correctional institutions in Russia - prisons and colony settlements (with the exception of educational centers for juvenile convicts), it will be in prisons contain the overwhelming number of persons serving sentences for grave and especially grave crimes. Moreover, such convicts will differ quite seriously both in terms of terms of imprisonment, and in the severity of the crimes, and the number of convictions. Consequently, the conditions of their detention in prisons, regime requirements and restrictions, daily routine and other conditions of serving their sentences will also vary significantly.

At the same time, prisons will correspond to three types of detention regimes: general regime prisons, strict ones and implying the most stringent regime requirements - special regime prisons - including for persons serving life imprisonment<11>. Despite the fact that even now those sentenced to prison sentences are kept in cell-cell detention, we cannot agree with the position of A.A. Reimer in relation to one of the main proposed changes in the organization of their regime - the fundamental lack of employment for this category of convicts. In our opinion, the arguments with which he explains the expediency of such a decision: “lack of work is a factor that makes serving the sentence tougher,” “the convict sits in a cell for 24 hours, communicating at best with a cellmate. If he has one. If he doesn’t have one, then the walls”, “being sent to work is still some kind of outlet”, they work not “for”, but “against” the abolition of employment of those sentenced to PLS.

For specialists who know this category of convicts first-hand, the destructive consequences of many years of isolation in conditions of cell-by-cell detention in the absence of any permanent targeted employment are obvious.

Firstly, long-term isolation is a powerful component that provokes degradation of both oral speech and the psyche of life-sentenced prisoners. This position is confirmed, for example, by a noticeable improvement in written speech (due to intensive correspondence - as the only connection with the outside world) compared to oral (forced communication with an often “irritating” cellmate, occasional communication with representatives of the administration). If we remember what social stratum the majority of people serving PLC today come from (lack of education, low performance during school years, growing up in single-parent families, lack of close contact with parents or other significant adults, lack of stable employment or frequent changes of jobs when employed in low-skilled labor, etc.), then the destructive impact on their personality of idle long-term stay in prison will become clear, aggravating the situation.

Secondly, the lack of employment will mean unreimbursed material damage from those sentenced to PLC to victims of their crimes, even if this is at least partial compensation for such damage. In addition, the state also needs to reimburse the very significant costs of maintaining this category of convicts.

Thirdly, as long as the question of the parole of those sentenced to PLC remains open and theoretically possible, the organization of the conditions of their detention should be built taking into account the possible return to society of a certain number of people of this category. After 25 years of cell-based detention, against the backdrop of deprivation of communication and lack of any employment, it is unlikely that it will be possible for those sentenced to PLC to return to normal life in society<12>.

<12>See, for example: Lebedev V.I. Psychology and psychopathology of loneliness and group isolation: Textbook. manual for universities. M.: UNITY-DANA, 2002.

Moreover, in our opinion, it is constant, purposeful, compulsory employment that will allow:

firstly, persons serving PLC not only gain professional skills, but also maintain (or instill) the habit of systematic employment (especially if a significant motive for improving the quality of work performed is the need for their positive assessment for the possibility of parole);
secondly, to emphasize the punitive component of imprisonment through compulsory, permanent and standardized employment.

It is interesting that not only correctional system employees working with this category of people in penitentiary institutions, but also those sentenced to PLC themselves, for the most part, believe that employment while serving their sentence vital necessary.

Summarizing the above, I would like to once again focus on the fact that in the state in which this type of criminal punishment is implemented in domestic conditions, it cannot exist in principle: it is not effective, not humane, not thoughtful and senselessly cruel, before everything in relation to the society to which this category of convicts may eventually return. Consequently, life imprisonment certainly needs to be reformed, perhaps more radically than other types of criminal punishment.

However, it is advisable to finally determine the ways of this reform only after conducting a serious analysis of the results of a comprehensive study of the personality of those sentenced to life and the influence on it of the conditions of serving this type of criminal sentence.

SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
DISEASE
DISABLED PERSON
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION
CONVICTED
PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITERION

The article examines the main aspects of the characteristics of convicted disabled people according to psychological criteria. Some problems of convicted disabled people held in correctional institutions of the penitentiary system are shown.

Medical and psychological support for convicts who are disabled
Characteristics of convicted disabled people according to psychological criteria
Changing the identity of convicted drug addicts of group members
Some aspects of organizing psychoprophylactic work with convicts with drug addiction

Medical and psychological support for convicted disabled people in penitentiary institutions of modern Russia is actively developing as a special type of activity to provide medical, sanitary and socio-psychological assistance and support to this category of convicts. For this purpose, medical and sanitary units, psychological laboratories, departments of socio-psychological work, groups for social protection and recording the work experience of convicts have been created and are functioning in correctional institutions.

Convicts with disabilities have a state-guaranteed right to the provision of qualified medical and social assistance, the implementation of various types of restorative and rehabilitation measures of a medical nature, including through medical and medical-social examination. Legislation provides people with disabilities equal opportunities with other citizens in the implementation of civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation. Measures and forms of support for people with disabilities apply to all categories of citizens, including convicts serving a criminal sentence in the form of imprisonment. At the same time, the special nature of the execution of deprivation of liberty (that is, the organization of a special penal process, including the stage of release and post-penitentiary resocialization) and preparation for release is determined by the sign of disability of the individual serving a criminal sentence.

Activities to provide convicts with medical and psychological assistance, support, protection for the purpose of their correction and resocialization during the execution of a criminal sentence, as well as adaptation to society after release, are a priority in work in a correctional institution, especially with such a category as convicted disabled people

The Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, adopted in 1955, state that “the legislator should ensure that prisoners, during and after serving their sentences, retain the maximum rights in the field of social security, social benefits and other civil interests.” Preserving the maximum rights in the field of providing for convicted disabled people, as recommended in fundamental international documents, is an expression of the principles of humanism and social justice in penal law as it relates to social security. The most important laws that are important for working in the penal system with convicted disabled people include, first of all, the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (1996), which fixes as a task of the penal legislation of the Russian Federation, along with others: “providing assistance convicts in social adaptation." This rule of law applies to the entire mass of convicts serving criminal sentences, including convicted disabled people.

Medical and sanitary provision for those sentenced to imprisonment is one of the integral components of the conditions for serving their sentence. It is organized in accordance with Art. 101 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation.”

The procedure for providing medical care to convicts, organizing and conducting sanitary supervision, using medical and preventive and sanitary institutions of health authorities and engaging their medical personnel for these purposes is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Justice of Russia and the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. Medical and sanitary provision for convicted disabled people involves an external examination by a medical worker upon their arrival at a correctional institution in order to identify bodily injuries. Then newly arrived convicted disabled people undergo comprehensive sanitary treatment and are placed in a quarantine room, where they undergo a medical examination within 24 hours, and are subject to medical observation for up to 15 days. If infectious patients are identified during this period, they are immediately isolated in a medical unit or hospital, and a set of anti-epidemic measures is carried out in the institution. Convicts with disabilities in quarantine departments undergo mandatory medical examination, which includes examination by medical specialists, X-ray fluorography and laboratory testing. The results of the examination are recorded in the medical outpatient card of the convicted disabled person and are taken into account when distributing them among units and types of work.

During the execution of punishment, medical and sanitary care for convicted disabled people includes: outpatient and inpatient treatment, medication provision and sanitary supervision.

Outpatient treatment of convicted disabled people is carried out in the medical units of correctional institutions. Admission of convicted disabled people to them is carried out by prior appointment and by appointment of medical staff in accordance with the operating hours of the medical unit. The structure of the medical unit usually includes: a pharmacy, an outpatient clinic, a hospital with a diagnostic laboratory, dental, therapeutic and other offices, an infectious disease isolation ward, etc. Convicts with disabilities take medications received from relatives strictly according to medical indications and only under the supervision of medical staff.

Inpatient treatment of convicted disabled people is carried out in treatment and preventive (interregional and regional hospitals for convicted prisoners, specialized tuberculosis hospitals) and medical correctional institutions (medical correctional colonies for convicted tuberculosis patients). They have the appropriate equipment, a staff of doctors and the status of a colony with the rights of a medical institution. In cases where the necessary medical care cannot be provided in medical and preventive institutions and medical correctional institutions, as well as in emergency cases, convicted disabled people may be sent, subject to the requirements of security and supervision, to territorial medical and preventive institutions of health authorities.

In addition, convicted disabled people, at their request, can receive any additional treatment and preventive care, paid for at their own expense, provided by health care specialists in the conditions of treatment and preventive institutions and medical correctional institutions. Payment for additional treatment and preventive care is carried out by postal (telegraphic) transfer of money from the personal account of a convicted disabled person to the address of the medical institution or medical specialist who provided it.

In correctional institutions, strict compliance with sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic standards and requirements is ensured. The administration of correctional institutions is responsible for the implementation of established sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic requirements that ensure the protection of the health of convicted disabled people.

The cases of refusal of convicted disabled people to eat food, which endangers their lives, led to the enshrinement in Art. 101 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation provisions on forced feeding of a convicted disabled person for medical reasons.

In all types of correctional institutions, with the exception of a special regime correctional colony for convicts sentenced to life imprisonment and prisons, where all convicts are kept in cells, convicted disabled people are kept in ordinary residential premises, where they are housed in detachments or teams. Convicts with disabilities of groups I and II are provided with improved living conditions. As a rule, these can be separate premises where convicted disabled people are accommodated.

In correctional institutions there are people with visual impairments, hearing impairments, amputees, and people with general and occupational diseases. They have the opportunity to regularly receive medical care in a correctional institution; they can be placed in an inpatient medical unit of a colony, as well as in a special hospital or medical correctional institution. Keeping this category of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty requires the creation of certain conditions, proper care for them, as well as material costs.

Penal legislation provides for working convicts with disabilities of groups I and II, as well as elderly convicts, certain benefits:

increasing the duration of annual paid leave to 18 working days;
recruitment to work without pay only at their request;
increasing the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of their accrued wages, pensions and other income.

Many positive examples from the activities of the penitentiary system can be cited when convicted disabled people themselves actively participate in leisure cultural, physical and sports events, as well as in the activities of public amateur groups to assist penitentiary administrations in various areas of activity.

Thus, it is impossible to separate social work from medical and psychological support when working with convicted disabled people, and all of the above confirms the existence of legal norms in the penal code of the Russian Federation that establish the basis for working with convicted disabled people in the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, which are reflected in: the Constitution of the Russian Federation; regulations of the Ministry of Justice of Russia regulating issues of social work; regulations of the Federal Penitentiary Service, its main departments and departments; local regulations adopted by the administration of correctional institutions of the penal system on issues of medical, sanitary and socio-psychological support for convicts.

References

Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with convicts in correctional institutions: textbook. a manual for beginner social work specialists of the penal system - Ryazan, 2006.
Luzgin S.A. Centers for psychological, pedagogical and social work with convicts as a domestic model for organizing their correction and resocialization in correctional colonies: Textbook. – Ryazan, 2004.
On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ.
On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people: Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ.
On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ.
prospects: materials of the International. scientific-practical conf. / Nizhegorod. state architecture-builds un - t. - N. Novgorod, 2008. - P. 286 - 287 (0.1 p.p.).
Signed in seal IZ. 09.20/2 Format 60x90 1/16 Writing paper. Printing is efficient. Conditional pech.l. /, 56 Circulation 100 copies. Order No._
Printing Center of the Humanities and Arts Institute of the Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Timiryazeva, 31
Social work in penitentiary institutions: Textbook / ed. A.Ya. Grishko, M.I. Kuznetsova, V.N. Kazantseva. – M., 2008.
Social work in the penal system: Textbook/S.A. Luzgin, M.I. Kuznetsov, V.N. Kazantsev and others; Under general edited by Yu.I. Kalinina. - 2nd ed., rev. – Ryazan, 2006.
Social work with convicts: Textbook / ed. V.I. Zhukova, M.A. Galaguzova. – M., 2002.
Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (1997).
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (1996).
Halak M.E., The use of art therapy and music therapy in the rehabilitation of persons with psychosomatic diseases /M. E. Halak, A. I. Protasova // Current issues of rehabilitation and ways to solve them: Materials of the All-Russian scientific. - practical conf. with international participation / Volga-Vyatka State Academy services. - N. Novgorod, 2006. - P. 95 - 96 (0.1 p.l., 50% personal contribution).
Halak, M. E. Current problems of adolescents with disabilities / M. E. Halak // Psychological science and practice: problems and
Halak, M. E. The influence of the level of personal anxiety on the psychological rehabilitation potential of older people / M. E. Halak // III International Congress “Neurorehabilitation - 2011”: materials of the congress - M„ 2011, - S. 186-187 (0.1 p.l.).
Halak, M. E. Determining the level of psychological potential in persons with disabilities / M. E. Halak // Concept. - 2012. - No. 10 (October). -ART 12131.-0.5 p.l. - URL: http://wwvv.covenok.rii/koncept/2012/12131.htm
Halak, M. E. Psychological rehabilitation of persons with mental disorders / M. E. Halak // Rehabilitation of persons with mental disorders. Problems, solutions: materials of the Second Russian-German Conference / UNN named after. N.I. Lobachevsky. - N. Novgorod, 2004. - P. 40 (0.1 p.p.).
Halak, M. E. Psychological characteristics of disabled people with arterial hypertension. Directions of psychocorrectional work /M. E. Halak, E. A. Ukhanova // Issues of rehabilitation of patients with arterial hypertension. Problems of preventing cardiovascular complications: information and psychological letter, ed. N. N. Selivanova, N. V. Starikova. - N. Novgorod, 2005. - P. 80 - 91 (0.63 p.l., 50% personal contribution).
Halak, M. E. Psychological rehabilitation potential of patients with TBSM / M. E. Halak // II International Congress “Neurorehabilitation - 2010”: materials of the congress. - M., 2010, - P. 167 (0.1 p.p.).
Halak, M. E. Psychological support for rehabilitation treatment of persons with disabilities with an insufficient level of psychological rehabilitation potential / M. E. Halak // Volga Scientific Journal. - N. Novgorod, NNGASU - 2012 - No. 1. - P. 238 - 242 (0.26 square).
Halak, M. E. The role of the level of psychological rehabilitation potential of a disabled person in the process of psychological support / M. E. Halak // Current issues of restorative medicine and rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders: materials from Interregion, scientific-practical. conf. -N.Novgorod, 2009.-S. 182-183 (0.1 p.l.).
Halak, M. E. Social and psychological rehabilitation of people with disabilities / M. E. Halak // Social and psychological rehabilitation of people with disabilities: informational and methodological letter, ed. N. N. Pronina. - N. Novgorod, 2007. - Author's text, chapter 5, pp. 72 - 76 (0.47 pp).