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Lack of female sex hormones. Female hormones estrogens: symptoms of deficiency

And they regulate the functioning of the body. These chemicals travel through the bloodstream and stimulate certain cells. The lack of hormones in a woman’s body negatively affects not only her appearance, but also leads to very serious health problems.

What are hormones and why are they needed?

The stability of the body, its full functioning and, in some cases, even human life depend on hormones. They control reproductive functions, as well as the growth and proper development of cells and tissues.

The main part of hormones is produced:

thyroid gland;
parathyroid gland;
pituitary gland;

female ovaries;
male testicles;
adrenal glands;
pancreas.

Sex hormones are responsible for the reproductive function of the body: in women it is estrogens, and in men it is .

The main control organ for hormone production is. Thyroid hormones are responsible for the speed of all chemical processes in the body, which are responsible for human vitality and health.

Adrenal hormones help to respond correctly to fear and stress. Hormones are also produced in the cells of the following organs:

liver and kidneys;
placenta;
pineal gland of the brain;
gastrointestinal tract;
thymus.

Women's health or everything about estrogen and other important hormones

The most important female hormone is , which is part of the group of steroids and is responsible for the beauty, well-being, youth of every woman and is responsible for her ability to be a mother. Estrogen is produced by the ovaries, and some is produced by the pituitary gland. During pregnancy, the placenta can also act as a source of hormones.

Modern experts know more than 30 types of estrogens. Of these, estrone and estriol are isolated; they play a major role in the reproductive function of the female body. Estrogens are responsible for the following processes:

menstrual cycle;
strengthening the bone corset of the body;
increased muscle tone of the genitourinary system;
improvement of skin condition;
distribution of subcutaneous fat according to female body type;
improving the environment and natural hydration of the vagina.

obesity;
hair loss;
prostration;
apathy;
swelling;
decreased mental activity;
memory loss;
death with long-term untreated.

There are also other hormones, the presence of which is also important for any woman’s body:

progesterone is responsible for the ability to bear children, despite the fact that it is a male hormone;
responsible for sexual desire and physical activity;
imparts femininity, tenderness, caring and affects the state of the emotional background in the body;
has an impact on the development of mental abilities and body shape;
is responsible not only for courage and bravery, it has a positive effect on blood vessels and improves appearance, making the body younger;
somatotropin is a hormone that shapes the figure, making it slimmer and physically resilient;
Insulin controls proper blood glucose levels and promotes the production of energy from carbohydrates.

A deficiency of all these hormones can lead to very unpleasant consequences, so you definitely need to know how to identify their deficiency.

Symptoms that indicate hormonal imbalances

sweating increases;
the skin becomes oily, acne appears;
interest in the opposite sex decreases.

A deficiency that is responsible for libido can manifest itself as follows:

absence of periods or their irregularity;
frequent chronic and infectious diseases of the genital organs.

If there is a deficiency of the pregnant hormone progesterone during the absence of an interesting position, the following symptoms can be observed:

mood swings;
insomnia or increased sleepiness;
dizziness, fainting;
instability of blood pressure;
disruptions in intestinal function, which can lead to constipation and flatulence;
low or high body temperature;
swelling;
cystic and fibrous changes in the mammary glands.

Causes of hormonal imbalance

The reasons for the imbalance may be:

frequent nervous strain, stress, overwork;
improper sleep patterns and sleep disturbances;
poor nutrition;
childbirth;
menopause;
exhaustion of the body due to constant diets or illness;
disturbances in the functioning of various body systems;
undergone complex operations or serious illnesses;
abortion;
bad habits.

The main factors for the lack of female hormones include dysfunction of the ovaries and incorrect selection of oral contraceptives.

A noticeable lack of hormones occurs during menopause. At this important point in her life, a woman loses her reproductive function and begins to actively age if she does not take hormonal medication.

How to take tests correctly?

To identify a lack of hormones in the body, the first and most important diagnostic method is a blood test. When to take tests should be prescribed by a doctor, since this process in most cases depends on the woman’s menstrual cycle. It is also recommended to avoid the following factors in order to successfully pass the test within 24 hours:

any alcoholic beverages;
nicotine;
heavy physical activity;
sexual relations;
overheating or hypothermia.

The test is taken on an empty stomach, in the morning.

Table on how to correctly take tests for different female hormones

Hormone name	Delivery day	Peculiarities
Estrogen	Days 3–5 of the menstrual cycle	re-assigned for 20–21 days
Progesterone	Days 22–23 of the menstrual cycle	after ovulation
Estradiol	the whole cycle	greater concentration occurs 24 hours after ovulation
Human chorionic gonadotropin	3–5 days late menstruation	You can do the analysis using a test at home
Prolactin	Anytime
Follicle stimulating hormone	3–8; 19–21 days after the start of menstruation	helps determine the ovary's ability to ovulate
Luteinizing hormone	3–8; 19–21 days of the cycle	determines the onset of ovulation

Since the female body is under the control of hormones throughout her life, taking an analysis to determine their quantity is necessary in order to determine the cause of many problems and prescribe the correct adequate treatment.

Treatment

The lack of hormones in the female body is mainly treated with medication, offering special drugs that are ready to compensate for the resulting deficiency. Therapy is prescribed only by a specialist after studying blood test parameters, contraindications, the patient’s condition and in the following cases:

absence of menstruation;
after removal of both ovaries;
in case of disorders of sexual development;

with early menopause (up to 40 years);
when menopause is very difficult to bear;
with a visible risk of osteoporosis.

Hormones are mainly offered in tablet form, which is the most convenient and effective to use.

Prevention

To prevent a decrease in female hormones, it is recommended:

eat properly and balanced;
reduce the occurrence of stressful situations and nervous tension;
exercise;

maintain a daily routine;
get rid of bad habits;
have full rest and not overwork;
Monitor your hormone levels by periodically visiting your doctor.

Women's health is not only a guarantee of beauty and youth, but also the opportunity to give birth to healthy children, which is the main purpose of every woman. Any deficiency of substances causes disruption of all systems.

... The hormone that makes a woman a woman is estrogen. How to recognize a lack of estrogen, what is affected by excess, and how to treat such hormonal disorders...

Hello, dear readers. Svetlana Morozova is with you. Today we have a fundamentally important topic: estrogen. Let's get started...

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The cause of infertility in modern married couples.
How to feed a child?
How does a piece of meat become our flesh?
Why do you need protein?
Causes of cancer cells.
Why is cholesterol necessary?
Causes of sclerosis.
Is there an ideal protein for humans?
Is vegetarianism acceptable?

Lack of estrogen: manifestations

Estrogen is a purely female hormone. In all senses. He begins his “wife-forming” work in childhood during puberty. It is thanks to estrogen that in girls everything that should be rounded is rounded, the voice becomes soft and gentle, childish bouncyness and spontaneity are replaced by femininity and gentleness of character. And most importantly, the ability to bear children appears.

If this hormone is not enough, various symptoms appear:

Weakness, lethargy, fatigue, decreased performance, forgetfulness, absent-mindedness, decreased sexual desire.
Mood swings. Women's emotionality in general directly depends on hormonal levels. Just a minute ago the lady was smiling sweetly, but she has already clenched her fists and sprayed saliva. Have you encountered a bitch and a hysterical woman? Are you becoming like this yourself? If it’s a one-time thing, no matter what, it’s impossible to be nice forever. And if it constantly “covers” like this, up to , then the hormonal balance is disturbed, this is 99%.

By the way, there is an interdependent relationship here. Sometimes just psychosomatics blamed for lack of estrogen

External changes. Insufficient estrogen synthesis affects the figure : breasts sag, deposits faster at the waist. The skin loses elasticity, becomes dry, and wrinkles appear early. Hair becomes dull and thin.
Lack of calcium. Estrogen is involved in the normal absorption of calcium by bones. If it is not enough, caries develops, and posture is disturbed.
Menstrual disorders cycle. It shows up , starting from irregularity and painful periods to their complete absence for even six months. Hence the inability to get pregnant, infertility.
Early menopause. Even young women have reduced hormones resemble deficiency symptoms during menopause : arterial surges, hot flashes, night sweats, palpitations, .
Disorders in the genitourinary area: infections, cystitis, vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse, diseases of the uterus: fibroids, endometriosis, endometritis - temperature in the rectum (basal) increases.
and an abundance of moles - also here.

Lack of estrogen in a pregnant woman

So, happiness happened. And estrogen comes into play again: it prepares the uterus for the attachment of the placenta, then it is responsible for feeding it and the fetus. It is also responsible for the readiness of the breast for lactation.

Signs of estrogen deficiency appear already in the early stages of pregnancy:

Severe weakness.
Bad mood, tearfulness, irritability.
Skin problems: pigmentation, stretch marks, sagging skin in problem areas (inner thighs, armpits, buttocks, neck).
Hair begins to fall out, teeth crumble.
Lower back pain appears and posture quickly changes.

What does this mean:

Threat of miscarriage and premature birth;
Placental insufficiency, fetal malnutrition;
The baby's risk of developing Down syndrome increases;
The risk of developing adrenal hypoplasia in the fetus.

As you can see, everything is serious. Therefore, throughout the entire pregnancy, the expectant mother undergoes tests, including hormone tests. And even with a slight deviation from the norm, it is recommended to eat better, take vitamin and mineral complexes for pregnant women, and sometimes hormonal medications, if the doctor prescribes.

What about excess?

This is how we are designed, that there should be balance in everything. And excess is just as harmful as deficiency.

The signs of excess are essentially the same as those of deficiency. There is something of its own:

. This is the main sign. Moreover, all the fat accumulates in the lower part: legs, hips, buttocks, lower abdomen;
Frequent hunger;
Increased emotionality;
Increased blood clotting;
Pain not associated with menstruation;
Convulsions;
Thyroid diseases;
Indigestion, bloating;

During menopause and in postmenopause excess appears very rarely, mostly there is an acute deficiency.

Lack of estrogen: normalizing hormones

How to replenish insufficient estrogen levels? In women treatment This is usually prescribed:

Nutrition

What products can replenish estrogen levels? Those that contain its plant analogues - phytoestrogens. And this is what we have:

Legumes. Record holders for phytoestrogens content. Peas, beans, chickpeas and especially lentils.
Olives, black olives. In addition to plant estrogens, they contain Omega-9 fatty acids.
eggplants, carrots, pumpkin, cabbage.
Apricots, papaya, pomegranate, mango.
Soy.
Nuts, seeds (pumpkin and sunflower), sesame seeds, wheat germ.
Vegetable oils, especially flaxseed and olive.
Green tea, cocoa and even beer, yes.

Hormonal drugs

They are not always prescribed - if the imbalance is small, you can do without medications. Moreover, they are taken in different ways: orally, subcutaneously and in suppositories. Therefore, it is better not to experiment on your own, rely on a doctor.

Gymnastics

Basically it's yoga. There is just a relatively young branch - hormonal yoga. Her exercises involve areas that improve blood circulation in the glands and relieve stress.

Any sport that brings you pleasure can be considered medicine. Frequent good mood cures many ailments.

Herbs are everyone’s favorite folk remedies. But I can't help but remind you of something important. For some reason, many people believe that they can be taken at will and the dosage is not particularly taken into account. I hope you don't do that.

Because most medicinal herbs have contraindications. In addition, you can only take them during a certain period of the cycle, otherwise you may not improve the situation, but make it even worse. In any case, it would be better to consult a doctor. Ideally, with a herbalist.

What herbs help restore estrogen balance:

Hibiscus (hibiscus);
Nettle;
Plantain;
Aloe;
Sage;
Rowan;
Raspberry leaves;
Fenugreek;
Clover;
Hop;

By the way, all these medicinal plants act not only on women, but also on men. But the reception mode is different. For example, the course of treatment for women lasts on average three months, and for men only one.

As they said: only sex and optimism strengthen the body

The main thing is that it is a loved one. The one and only.

Well, I think I told you everything. If you have any questions, leave a comment, I will be happy to answer!

See you soon on my blog!

Each of them plays a specific role in the body. The concentration of estrogen in women depends on the day of the menstrual cycle, the state of pregnancy, and also on age.

The effect of estradiol on a woman’s body:

Affects reproductive function, in particular the growth of the follicle in the ovary.
Helps increase the volume of the uterine mucosa and prepare it for egg implantation and pregnancy.
Regulates the menstrual cycle.
Improves skin condition, making it smooth and thin.
Helps improve voice timbre.
Affects the formation of a thin waist and an increase in the amount of adipose tissue in the hips and buttocks.
Promotes calcium deposition in bones.
Promotes oxygen exchange in cells.
Stimulates metabolism.
Increases blood clotting.
Protects blood vessels and heart from atherosclerosis.

The effect of estriol on a woman’s body:

Estriol is the main estrogen of pregnancy.
Improves blood flow through the vessels of the uterus.
Reduces uterine vascular resistance.
Promotes the development of mammary ducts during pregnancy

The influence of estrone on a woman’s body is manifested in the partial fulfillment of the functions of estradiol upon the onset of menopause.

Unreasonable diets, increased physical activity, and serious disorders of the functioning of the central nervous system provoke a lack of hormones, as a result of which a woman’s health suffers.

Warning signs of estrogen deficiency:

The skin is easily injured, peels, becomes dry and thin. Wrinkles quickly appear on it.
In a short period of time, the body becomes covered with papillomas and moles.
Hormonal imbalance causes changes in blood pressure and hot flashes.
A lack of female hormones causes a loss of strength and a state of apathy.
Attention becomes scattered and memory begins to fail.
Signs of cardiovascular disease appear and arrhythmia is a concern.
The lack of female hormones is one of the main reasons for the removal of calcium from the body, which causes brittle and dry hair and nails, and also poses a risk of complex fractures.

The role of progesterone and the effect of its deficiency on the course of pregnancy

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum during ovulation. Progesterone is called the pregnancy hormone and not without reason, since it is responsible for the processes of regulating the menstrual cycle, conceiving and bearing a child. By relaxing the muscle tissue of the uterus during pregnancy, this hormone prevents its premature contraction. Lack of progesterone negatively affects the condition of the female body, especially during pregnancy.

Symptoms of progesterone deficiency during pregnancy:

Miscarriages in the first trimester.
Pathologies in the form of oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios.
Bloody issues.

Progesterone deficiency. Causes:

Intrauterine growth retardation.
Exceeding the period of gestation.
Exposure to stress.
Lack of vitamins.
Uterine bleeding.
Self-medication and uncontrolled use of medications during pregnancy.

The role of male sex hormones in the female body

Androgens, male reproductive organs, are produced in women in the cortical layer of the adrenal glands and in the ovaries. The role of androgens in a woman’s body is not fully understood, but their main functions can be identified.

Role of androgens:

Stimulates body hair growth.
Regulating the function of the sebaceous and sweat glands.
Stimulate:
The process of protein synthesis in the blood of the liver;
The degree of stem cell activity in the bone marrow;
Synthesis of a hormone that promotes the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
They influence the linear growth of tubular bones and the process of closing their articular ends.
They influence the process of formation of sexual desire.
They influence the formation of proactive and aggressive behavior.

The level of testosterone in women is tens of times less than the concentration of this hormone in men. A sufficient level of testosterone in a woman’s body promotes a rejuvenating effect, giving the skin of the face and body density and elasticity. By promoting stress resistance, this hormone helps a woman maintain a charge of vivacity and energy. The normal amount of testosterone for a woman is 15-18 conventional units.

A lack of hormones in the body can occur at any age. In women, symptoms may not appear immediately, but you should pay attention to these first signals from the body indicating a decrease in testosterone levels:

The appearance of subcutaneous fat in the lower abdomen, neck and arms.
Dry and thin skin to the touch.
Fragility and brittleness of hair, its thinning.

A deficiency of sex hormones provokes chronic fatigue that does not disappear after a long rest.
Persistent depression and apathy towards things that previously aroused deep interest and desire to act.
Brittleness and fragility of nails, suggesting a decrease in bone density.

In any case, diagnostics indicating the absence of normal hormone concentrations should be carried out by specialists and only in a medical institution.

Androgens in the female body are synthesized in the ovaries and in the adrenal cortex. Therefore, a lack of hormones in a woman’s body, in addition to the onset of menopause, occurs as a result of the following reasons:

Kidney failure, as a result of which the adrenal glands are unable to produce enough hormones.
Down syndrome.
Taking medications: glucocorticoids, opioids, ketoconazole.

Treatment of low testosterone levels is not particularly difficult, since testosterone tends to transform from estrogens under certain conditions. This ability to convert estrogen is facilitated by zinc, which a woman can get from certain foods: nuts, seeds, seafood, poultry, and animal liver.

Reducing the concentration of male hormones in a woman’s body

If a woman experiences baldness and at the same time her body hair begins to grow rapidly, fat deposits in the waist area increase, and acne appears, all this may indicate an excess of male hormones in her body. In this case, you need to consult a doctor who will prescribe appropriate treatment.

You can reduce testosterone levels by resorting to the following means:

Oral contraceptives. Your doctor will tell you which ones to take during treatment.
Dietary supplements should also be recommended by a doctor.
Limit intake of foods containing magnesium and zinc. These minerals help increase testosterone levels.
Enrich your diet with foods containing estrogens. Eat dishes made from rice, wheat cereals, soy products more often; among fruits, give preference to apples and cherries.
Lead an active lifestyle, giving priority to yoga and Pilates.
In difficult cases, the doctor will prescribe a course of hormonal therapy.

The importance of other hormones for women's health

It is difficult to overestimate the role of thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Their deficiency leads to problems with conception.

Treatment with drugs containing iodine will help solve this problem, but in any case, consultation with a specialist is necessary. An excess of thyroid hormones also causes problems associated with childbearing. Sudden weight loss threatens anorexia and, as a consequence, menstrual irregularities up to the cessation of menstruation. Any deviations from the norm associated with increased or decreased levels of thyroid hormones lead to miscarriages and infertility.

The concentration of thyroxine that meets established standards in a woman’s body ranges from 9 to 22 picomoles per liter. A normal amount of thyroid hormones helps a woman maintain her figure and not gain weight, remain graceful and respond instantly if a man pays attention to her.

Decreased thyroid function and a decrease in the concentration of thyroid hormones increase the risk of developing mastopathy. The optimal concentration of these hormones contributes to the normal functioning of the mammary glands.

Norepinephrine is the hormone of fearlessness. Produced in the adrenal glands. Thanks to the action of norepinephrine, a woman under stress can quickly find her bearings and make the right decision. It is thanks to this hormone that a woman instantly grabs her child in her arms at the moment of danger.

Somatotropin gives a woman slimness and strength. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. Normal somatotropic hormone in women is up to 10 PC/ml. Under the influence of somatotropin, fat is burned, muscle mass increases and ligaments are strengthened, acquiring elasticity and firmness.

Oxytocin, the "fast birth" hormone, is produced in the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that controls the endocrine system and gonads. By causing contraction of the uterine walls, oxytocin promotes labor. This hormone also takes an active part in the formation of maternal instinct. The timely onset of lactation and long-term breastfeeding depend on the level of oxytocin. This hormone is also called the attachment hormone. Over time, the baby also produces oxytocin when communicating with its mother. A child's crying causes an increase in the level of this hormone, forcing the mother to run as fast as she can to the baby's aid in order to console her child.

Bibliography

Tepperman J., Tepperman H., Physiology of metabolism and the endocrine system. Introductory course. – Per. from English - M.: Mir, 1989. – 656 p.; Physiology. Fundamentals and functional systems: Course of lectures / ed. K.V. Sudakova. – M.: Medicine. – 2000. -784 p.;
Grebenshchikov Yu.B., Moshkovsky Yu.Sh., Bioorganic chemistry // Physico-chemical properties, structure and functional activity of insulin. – 1986. – p.296.
Berezov T.T., Korovkin B.F., Biological chemistry // Nomenclature and classification of hormones. – 1998. – p.250-251, 271-272.
Anosova L. N., Zefirova G. S., Krakov V. A. Brief endocrinology. – M.: Medicine, 1971.
Orlov R. S., Normal physiology: textbook, 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2010. – 832 p.;

Hormonal imbalance is associated with many diseases, from infertility and depression to loss of attention and loss of muscle strength. Reproductive hormonal imbalances and systemic hormonal imbalances can be sources of serious problems. Here are some ways, both natural and medical, to heal and balance your hormones.

Steps

Part 1

Balancing female hormones

Understand how your hormones function. Each hormone is responsible for performing certain tasks in the female body. Knowing what each hormone does will help you determine which hormone you are deficient in based on what body functions are not performing properly.

Estrogen: This is the main female sex hormone. In women, it speeds up metabolism, increases fat reserves, reduces muscle mass, helps form secondary sexual characteristics, increases sex drive, and promotes the growth and formation of the uterus.
- Estrogen deficiency can cause menstrual irregularities, lack of periods, mood swings, lack of sexual desire, inability to become pregnant, and early menopause.
Progesterone: Commonly considered the “pregnancy hormone,” it is responsible for preparing the uterus for conception and lowering the immune response so the body can accept pregnancy. The decrease in progesterone levels after pregnancy is believed to help induce labor and milk production.
- Progesterone deficiency is primarily recognized by heavy, irregular periods and difficulty maintaining pregnancy. You may also experience excess weight in the midsection, severe premenstrual symptoms, and severe fatigue.
Testosterone: Known as the primary male sex hormone, it is also present in the female body. In women, it promotes libido and is responsible for many of the changes a woman goes through during puberty, including acne, mild changes in vocal range, and the completion of the growth cycle.
- Testosterone deficiency in women is most often identified by a lack of libido, a physical inability to become aroused, abnormally dry skin, and very brittle hair.
Prolactin: Although it has a wide range of actions, it is the main hormone responsible for stimulating the mammary glands to induce lactation. This hormone also helps the development of the fetus when a woman is pregnant and counteracts and reduces arousal.
- Prolactin deficiency is characterized by insufficient lactation, menstrual irregularities, delayed puberty, hair loss and fatigue. It is most often diagnosed in women after childbirth, especially if there was heavy bleeding during childbirth.

Replenish the hormones you are missing. Some female sex hormones can be brought into balance simply by taking supplements available over the counter.
- Estrogen and progesterone supplements are available over the counter in both cream and tablet forms.
- There are no prolactin supplements, but women who suffer from excess prolactin often take estrogen supplements or prolactin-slowing medications to help treat the problem.
- There are no commercially available testosterone supplements that are safe for women. Testosterone pills designed for men are too strong for women.
Change your diet. In general, maintaining a balanced diet also helps maintain hormone balance, but there are a few specific diet changes that can further improve hormone levels.
- Zinc is known to help in testosterone production. Foods high in zinc include dark chocolate, peanuts and many meats, including beef, veal, lamb, crab and oysters.
- Eat foods high in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fats create healthy cell membranes, which allows hormones to reach their destinations in the body. Healthy foods include walnuts, eggs, and many types of fish, including sardines, trout, salmon, tuna, and oysters.
- Include more fiber in your diet. High fiber foods include whole grains, raw fruits and raw vegetables. Fiber attaches itself to old estrogen, clearing it out of the body, resulting in improved overall balance.
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol. Research suggests that excessive consumption of any of these foods may contribute to premenstrual hormonal imbalance.
Exercise often. Exercise is known to stimulate the release of chemicals that improve mood and help balance mood swings caused by a lack or excess of female sex hormones.

Reduce stress. Stress triggers the production of excess cortisol, which blocks estrogen. In women, the loss of estrogen also causes low serotonin levels, which is often associated with mood disorders.

Seek medical attention. If natural remedies don't work for you, you may need to regulate your hormone levels through the use of prescribed medications or hormone replacement therapy.
- Start taking oral contraceptives. Birth control does more than just stop reproduction. The pills contain synthetic hormones that can balance high estrogen levels and low progesterone levels.
- Ask your doctor about antidepressants. Most antidepressants work by balancing serotonin levels, which fall in response to low estrogen levels. Some have also been found to be moderately effective in reducing hot flashes due to hormonal imbalances during menopause in women.
- Go to hormone replacement therapy during menopause. Hormone replacement therapy is the prescription equivalent of regular over-the-counter hormone supplements. Menopausal women are sometimes prescribed doses of estrogen, progesterone, or a progestin-estrogen combination.
Part 2
Balancing male hormones
1. Learn more about your hormones. Understanding the hormones involved in the male reproductive system will help you assess which hormones you may be lacking.
  - Testosterone: Considered the primary male sex hormone, it is responsible for the growth of muscle mass, maturation of male reproductive organs, maturation of male secondary sexual characteristics, completion of growth, sperm production and libido strength.
    - Testosterone deficiency is most quickly recognized by decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and shrinkage of the testicles. Other signs may include hot flashes, decreased energy, depressed mood, lack of concentration, insomnia and loss of strength.
  - Dihydrotestosterone or DHT: Mainly involved in the formation and maturation of male genitalia.
    - DHT deficiency is often seen in boys before and during puberty. Men with underdeveloped external genitalia tend to lack dihydrotestosterone. In adult men, a lack of DHT can cause infertility.
  - Estrogen and progesterone: Although both are considered female sex hormones, they are also present in men. Estrogen helps regulate sperm maturation and libido. Progesterone balances estrogen levels in men by preventing excess estrogen in the male reproductive system.
    - Estrogen or progesterone deficiencies can present in similar ways. If any of these hormones are imbalanced, depression or loss of libido may occur. Estrogen deficiency can lead to loss of bone density, excessive hair growth, weight gain, or gynecomastia (enlarged male breasts).
  - Prolactin: Another hormone usually associated with women, it is also found in men. In men, it is believed to play a role in the body's immune response, but there is no indication that prolactin is vital to the male body.
    - Excess prolactin can prevent testosterone production in men. However, prolactin deficiency does not seem to have any specific side effects.
2. Replenish your hormones. Available over-the-counter, hormone supplements in cream or pill form can often correct some of the most common hormonal imbalances in men.
  - Testosterone is the male hormone most commonly supplemented over the counter. Men can find testosterone supplements in the form of tablets, creams, and gels.
  - There are no commercially available drugs for DHT deficiency, but excess can lead to hair loss, and DHT blockers are available over the counter in the form of tablets and shampoos.
  - Over-the-counter progesterone cream for men can be used to treat progesterone deficiency and estrogen excess. However, men who need estrogen replacement may need a prescription.
  - Prolactin deficiency can be reduced with commercially available B-complex supplements.
3. Make healthier food choices. A balanced diet is the best way to regulate hormones for most men; and most hormonal imbalances in men can be helped by simply sticking to traditional standards of healthy eating.
  - Eat plenty of meat and carbohydrates, which provide energy and help produce hormones. Seafood rich in omega-3 fatty acids and low-calorie meats are a better option, as are fiber-rich grains.
  - Avoid sugar, caffeine and excessive consumption of dairy products, which can make the body sluggish and require effort to produce hormones.
4. Exercise more. Regular exercise with aerobics and strength training can increase testosterone production.
  
  Calm down. In men, increased stress levels create more cortisol, which can convert testosterone into estrogen. The result is an abundance of female sex hormone and an acute shortage of male sex hormone.
  
  Get a good night's sleep. Most testosterone is produced during the REM sleep cycle. Thus, lack of sleep will cause a decrease in testosterone, while adequate sleep can help stabilize the level of this hormone.
  
  Wear loose clothing. Loose underwear and pants are especially important. A tight nether can create unwanted heat, which can destroy existing sperm and ultimately reduce sperm count.
5. Consult your doctor. Severe hormone imbalances in men may require treatment with hormone replacement.
  - Testosterone injections are the most common treatment used to balance male hormones. Doctors prescribe injections for as long as they deem necessary. The amount of the drug is eventually reduced and the patient is monitored to see if testosterone levels remain balanced after treatment or continue to fall. If levels continue to drop, long-term treatment may be required.
  - Men who suffer from estrogen or progesterone deficiency may also want to look into prescription hormone replacement to treat these imbalances, since it is usually difficult to find the necessary supplements for men over the counter.
Part 3
Balancing the hormonal system
1. Exercise more. After exercise, the body releases endorphins, dopamine and serotonin, which create a positive mood and help support the rest of the endocrine system.
  - Exercise also produces growth factors, including insulin.
2. Be careful about your diet. A well-balanced diet can affect more than just female or male sex hormones. All of the body's hormones will benefit from a diet filled with lean meats, whole grains, and plenty of fruits and vegetables.
  - Know how soy can affect your thyroid. There have been some indications that a diet based on soy products may lead to decreased thyroid hormone production. Those who suffer from hypothyroidism, a deficiency of thyroid hormones, should limit their soy intake.
  - Balance your iodine levels. Iodine is a mineral that helps in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Foods high in iodine include sea vegetables, potatoes, cranberries, yogurt, strawberries and dairy products. If you have hypothyroidism, eat more foods rich in iodine. If you have hyperthyroidism, limit your intake of iodine-rich foods.
  - Consume carbohydrates in moderation. Carbohydrates can provide energy to the body, but they also increase the amount of the hormone insulin that the body produces. Too many carbohydrates can cause your blood sugar and insulin levels to spike.
  - Improve melatonin synthesis with vitamin B5. Foods rich in B5 include milk, yogurt, eggs and fish. These foods are also rich in tryptophan, which converts serotonin to melatonin.

In the human body, all processes occur under the influence of hormones, and the reproductive system is no exception. Most of the changes associated with the reproductive function in the female body are under control. Lack of estrogen can cause hormonal infertility and cause severe disorders in women of any age.

Lack of estrogen can cause infertility.

What are estrogens and where are they produced?

Estrogens are the general name for a subtype of female steroid hormones. They are produced mainly by the follicular apparatus of the ovaries, and also in small quantities by the adrenal cortex.

In women, there are three types of estrogens:

estrone. Has minimal effect on the body;
estradiol. The main estrogen, which is synthesized from testosterone and is found in large quantities in the blood;
estriol. The influence of this hormone increases during pregnancy.

All of them are formed from androgens under the influence of complex enzymatic processes. The conversion of androgens into estrogens occurs not only in the ovaries, but also in adipose tissue, skin, liver, etc.

What determines the secretion of these hormones?

In childhood, women have very low concentrations of sex steroid hormones. During puberty, the hypothalamic-pituitary system begins to produce hormones that cause a physiological increase in estrogen levels.

The level of secretion of these hormones in women of reproductive age varies depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. In the first phase, they are actively produced in the follicles; in the second phase, their concentration decreases, and they continue to be produced in the corpus luteum. During pregnancy, estrogen is synthesized in small quantities by the placenta.

After menopause, the hormonal function of the ovaries naturally declines. They stop producing hormones. This physiological lack of estrogen (menopause) can manifest itself in symptoms characteristic of women that are unpleasant (hot flashes, sleep problems, osteoporosis).

Estrogens affect many organs and systems.

The role and function of these hormones in a woman’s body

The main function of these ovarian hormones is as follows:

Formation of secondary sexual characteristics. When a girl reaches puberty, the production of estrogen leads to:

enlargement of the mammary glands;
development of the fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina;
formation of the body structure according to the female type (rounded hips, pronounced waist, etc.).

Reproductive function. The key role of these hormones is:

creating an optimal environment in the vagina that allows sperm to survive;
are responsible for the development of the dominant follicle and processes;
help preserve the embryo during fertilization;
cause the onset of menstruation and detachment of the functional layer of the uterus if pregnancy has not occurred;
participate in the development of the placenta;
prepare mammary gland cells for lactation processes.

Other. In addition to the main reproductive function, estrogens affect:

regulation of blood pressure;
calcium absorption;
stimulate the liver and brain, and much more.

What can cause a deficiency of these hormones?

Lack of estrogen in women can be due to a number of reasons:

Pituitary gland diseases. Estrogen levels are controlled by the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain. Its pathology (tumor, etc.) can cause a decreased level of these hormones.
Congenital diseases and genetic abnormalities. With Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, the formation of the gonads is disrupted and a decreased level of female sex hormones is noted. In addition, deficiency of sex hormones can be observed in diseases of the thyroid gland and after irradiation of the pelvic organs.
Diet and exercise. Extreme stress, especially during puberty, can cause a lack of estrogen in women. A strict diet with a sharp restriction of fats. If the body fat level is less than 20-21%, normal hormone synthesis is disrupted.
During menopause. In women, the hormonal function of the ovaries naturally declines after 50-55 years.

Clinical picture and manifestations of the disease

Signs of estrogen deficiency depend on the woman's age. Thus, in girls during puberty, a lack of these hormones will manifest itself as slow development of the genital organs, as well as problems with growth. The girl may be bothered by excess hair growth. There is no menstruation or it starts very late.

Women of reproductive age experience other symptoms of deficiency:

External changes. Wrinkles appear prematurely, hair and nails begin to break, excessive hair growth, skin condition worsens significantly, papillomas and age spots appear;
Problems of a sexual nature: dryness of the vaginal mucosa, decreased libido;
Reproductive disorders: hormonal infertility, irregular or absent menstruation;
Other: sweating, migraine-type headaches, increased blood pressure, osteoporosis (softening of bones), memory impairment, impaired concentration and others.

How to determine the level of these hormones?

If you suspect a low estrogen level, the specialist will prescribe a test for female sex hormones, the list of which includes estrogens.

The test is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The last meal should be 6-7 hours before the test. A few days before the test, avoid spicy, spicy and fried foods, try not to be exposed to stress and physical activity. A hormone test is taken at the beginning (3-5) or at the end (18-21) of the menstrual cycle, depending on the purpose of the study.

The table shows the norm of estradiol in the blood.

How can you correct low estrogen levels?

Treatment for low estrogen depends on the cause of the condition. If problems with hormones are related to diet and regimen, then the woman is advised to stop the diet and enrich her diet with foods containing plant estrogens:

soybean and its by-products (milk, flour, etc.);
legumes (chickpeas, peas, beans);
meat and dairy products;
coffee and caffeinated drinks;
fruits and vegetables (cabbage, carrots, eggplant, etc.).

In addition to correcting the diet in women, treatment is carried out with hormonal drugs that contain estrogens, for example, oral contraceptives. It should be remembered that treatment of women of reproductive age differs from therapy with estrogen-containing drugs during menopause.

Diet can affect estrogen levels.

Questions for the doctor

Question: At the age of 13, my daughter has no menstruation and hair has begun to grow in the chest area. Could these signs indicate problems with hormones?

Answer: Yes, these symptoms may indicate that there is a lack of female sex hormones in the girl’s body. To clarify the diagnosis, you need to take a blood test for hormones and visit an endocrinologist.

Question: What treatment is prescribed if female sex hormones are low due to frequent diets?

Answer: Before treatment begins, the body is given the opportunity to recover on its own. To do this, a woman is recommended to normalize her diet and lifestyle. If after six months the level remains low, then hormonal drugs are prescribed.

Estrogen deficiency occurs for various reasons. Sometimes the cause of the problem is diet, in other cases estrogen deficiency is associated with ovarian diseases. To find out the source of the problem, you need to check your hormone levels and visit a specialist.