What kind of throat disease is pharyngitis. Symptoms and treatment of pharyngitis in adults

Modern medicine classifies pharyngitis as an inflammatory process that affects the mucous surface of the pharynx. This respiratory disease is one of the most common, which is diagnosed in both adults and children. Most often, the main cause of the development of pathology is the penetration of infection into the human body, and the signs are usually combined with symptoms of diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

A physiological feature of the pharynx is its division into several zones:

• Oropharynx
• hypopharynx

The classification of pharyngitis is based on the area in which the source of inflammation is localized. If an acute form of pharyngitis is diagnosed, then a diffuse nature of infectious damage to the mucous membrane by various viruses and bacteria is observed, which can pass from the nasopharynx to the laryngopharynx.

Chronic pharyngitis has a more pronounced localization of the inflammatory process and this allows a specialist to diagnose the pathology, taking into account the anatomical location of the lesions.

Chronic pharyngitis, like other chronic diseases, is prone to exacerbation when the body's protective functions are reduced, when the human body is hypothermic, as well as under the influence of various loads and stressful conditions.

In both adults and children, pharyngitis in the body can occur in two forms: acute and chronic.

Most often, chronic pharyngitis develops in the human body as a result of unsuccessful treatment of an acute form of pharyngitis, but it may manifest itself as an independent disease.

In addition, pharyngitis is divided into:

• Hypertrophic - with the progression of this form, the mucous membrane and lymphoid tissue of the pharynx grows.
• Atrophic - accompanied by thinning of the mucous membrane.

In childhood, pharyngitis develops as a result of infection entering the child’s body and the course of the disease is often accompanied by a decrease in immunity.For frequently ill children registered with a pediatrician, most of the entries in the card are diagnoses of “acute and chronic pharyngitis.”

Most often, the development of pharyngitis in a child’s body occurs as a result of severe hypothermia or when cold air enters the respiratory system.

Signs of an acute form of the disease

When pharyngitis occurs in an acute form, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in quite a variety of ways, but the main sign of the pathological condition of the body is the appearance of painful sensations during swallowing.

The main form of their manifestation is:

• Burning feeling
• Dryness
• Tickling
• Soreness
• Feeling of a foreign object in the larynx

In addition to the listed manifestations, the patient has such signs of illness as:

• General weakness of the body
• Headaches that occur with constant frequency
• Body Enhancement

In some cases, the course of acute pharyngitis in the human body is accompanied by the development of such unpleasant symptoms asthe occipital and submandibular lymph nodes increase significantly in size, and slight pressure on them causes pain.

The appearance of congestion in the ears is an alarming signal and requires immediate consultation with a specialist.

This sign is an indication that the infection has moved to the middle ear from the pharynx. This condition can lead to subsequent hearing loss as a result of the progression of the inflammatory process in the middle ear.

Chronic course of the disease

In the case when the patient suffers from chronic pharyngitis, there is no increase in body temperature and no pronounced changes in the patient’s condition. Most often, the patient complains of soreness, increased dryness and a feeling of a lump in the throat, which requires constant coughing or expectoration. It usually appears and lasts for a long time, causing irritation of the laryngeal mucosa.

The cause of the main discomfort that the patient experiences is the constant need to swallow the accumulated fluid and its large concentration is located in the area of ​​the posterior pharyngeal wall. This causes severe discomfort to the patient, takes him away from his usual way of life and disrupts restful sleep.

The development of chronic pharyngitis in the human body most often does not occur in isolation, but is combined with various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. If, during sleep, contents from the stomach enter the pharynx, a disease such as chronic cartaral pharyngitis develops.

If the necessary treatment is not carried out and measures are not taken to eliminate the cause of the development of this pathology, there is no possibility to cure this form of the disease.

The treatment does not bring the desired result, and the positive effect lasts for a short time.

More information about pharyngitis can be found in the video.

Atrophic pharyngitis: main symptoms of the disease

Progression of chronic pharyngitis in the human body occurs in the presence of factors such as:

• Exposure of the human body to chemicals, dust, smoke or hot air for a long time.
• The patient has difficulty organizing proper breathing through the nose.
• Individual characteristics of the patient associated with the anatomical structure of the gastrointestinal tract and laryngeal mucosa.
• Tendency to develop allergic reactions.
• Alcohol and smoking abuse.
• Insufficient concentration of vitamin A in the patient’s body.
• Disturbances of the endocrine system.

Hypertrophic pharyngitis

This disease is one of the forms of chronic pharyngitis, which is characterized by epithelial hypertrophy.

In addition, the following signs of pathology are noted:

• The appearance of granules and various compactions on the affected mucosa.
• Coloration of the mucous membrane in a bright red color.
• The inflammatory process does not appear throughout the entire affected area.
• Minor irregularities appear on the upper shell.
• There is an increase in small vessels in some areas of the mucosa, which leads to the appearance of a specific pattern.
• A sharp thickening of the soft palate and uvula is diagnosed.
• Lymph nodes are affected by severe hyperplasia, which leads to the formation of large red grains.
• The symptoms of hypertrophic pharyngitis are especially pronounced in the morning, and the patient complains of severe coughing, which sometimes provokes nausea and vomiting.

Atrophic pharyngitis

With this form of the disease, not only destruction of the pharyngeal mucosa is noted. The patient develops viscous and difficult to separate mucus, which, as it dries, forms a dense crust. Patients constantly experience pain, anxiety and discomfort.

The accumulation of a large number of crusts leads to the development of parasthesia, in which a person experiences a feeling of the constant presence of a foreign object in the throat. You can try to clear such formations, however, this will take a lot of time. Upon careful examination of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, you can see that it has become light, dry and with a slight shine, and blood vessels are clearly visible through it.

As atrophic pharyngitis progresses in the body, the pharyngeal reflex completely disappears.

This fact suggests that with this disease there is a disruption of nerve endings, as well as autonomic and sensory nerves. If the pathological condition of the body has reached such a degree that the functioning of the nerve endings has been disrupted, then subsequent treatment will no longer bring the desired result.

Subatrophic pharyngitis

This type of pharyngitis is the last stage of chronic pharyngitis, the development of which in the human body can be caused by the progression of pathological processes in the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Often, treatment of the digestive system leads to the complete disappearance of throat problems. In the event that there is no positive result, it is necessary to carry out parallel treatment of several existing diseases at once.

Diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis

To identify the pathological condition of the mucous membrane, a thorough examination of the patient is carried out with feringoscopy. If there are certain indications, the specialist will prescribe additional examinations.

Of course, rarely do any patients who feel minor pain run to see a specialist. However, without special knowledge, it is unlikely that it will always be possible to separate a viral infection from a bacterial one, therefore, if you suspect the development of chronic pharyngitis in the body, you must visit your doctor, who will determine the cause of this condition and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis requires complex treatment, which includes:

• Elimination of the source of the inflammatory process.
• Increased protective functions of the body.
• Taking measures to cleanse the respiratory system from increased accumulation of mucus.

An integrated approach to the emerging pathology helps to successfully get rid of the existing disease by eliminating the chronic source of inflammation, and also significantly reduces the likelihood of re-development of pharyngitis and other types of respiratory diseases.

Diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis requires treatment with:

• Physiotherapeutic procedures and especially warming.
• Reflexology, which can be done in the form of acupuncture, acupressure and moxibustion.
• or antiseptic agents.
• Reception for bacterial nature of the disease.

If the disease proceeds without any complications, then the use of antibacterial drugs to treat pharyngitis is not necessary. Local antimicrobial therapy, including monotherapy, which involves taking one specific drug, has become more widely used.

Antibacterial agents for the treatment of pharyngitis are prescribed in the form of:

• Lollipops

The progression of chronic pharyngitis in the body leads to the spread of infection through the blood to various organs. That is why the course of such a disease in the body is accompanied by other inflammatory processes. Timely diagnosis and strict implementation of the attending physician’s prescriptions will allow you to effectively eliminate the inflammatory process in the body without the development of side effects and complications.

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory disease of the lymphoid tissue and pharyngeal mucosa. Pharyngitis, the symptoms of which are characterized primarily by an infectious nature, in rare cases occurs in isolation, and therefore the main manifestations of this disease are most often combined with diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

General description

Quite often, the disease in question is observed in middle-aged and senile people. Pharyngitis in children, as a rule, occurs in an acute form. In addition, statistics regarding the incidence of pharyngitis indicate that men get sick more often than women.

Pharyngitis, as you have already noticed, can be acute, but its transition to a chronic form is not excluded. The disease is accompanied by a sore throat, a feeling of general discomfort and a sore throat.

Considering the peculiarity that the pharynx is anatomically divided into three main sections (nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx), the inflammatory processes developing in it can also be conditionally divided into types corresponding to their localization. The division, we repeat, will be conditional, especially if we are talking about the acute form of pharyngitis, this is explained by diffuse damage to acute bacterial and viral infections of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Accordingly, the nature of the emerging disease can be defined rather as migrating and, for the most part, descending.

In the chronic form of pharyngitis, the morphological changes occurring in the mucosal area are mainly concentrated in one of the pharyngeal sections, as a result of which it is possible to build on convention when identifying individual nosologies (for example, the chronic form of nasopharyngitis).

The development of pharyngitis occurs under the influence of an infectious agent, and in 70% of cases viruses act as such, and in the remaining 30% we are talking about a bacterial infection, an allergic reaction, a fungal infection or injury.

As for chronic pharyngitis, the development of the disease in this form occurs against the background of a long course of inflammation that occurs in the area of ​​the pharyngeal mucosa, as well as against the background of frequent colds or the addition of a viral infection to a bacterial infection that is already relevant to the disease. Unfavorable climate conditions, environmental conditions, and bad habits (smoking, alcohol) can also be identified as the cause of chronic pharyngitis. As we noted above, the chronic form of the disease lasts a long time.

The chronic form of pharyngitis, like any other chronic disease, worsens when immunity decreases, with the appearance of various types of infectious diseases, during hypothermia, and also as a result of the impact exerted on the body by loads and stress.

As a result of a long course of the inflammatory process, concentrated in the area of ​​mucous and lymphoid tissue, a disturbance occurs in their blood circulation, which, in turn, leads to atrophy. Based on the specific degree of damage, as well as its depth, the catarrhal form of pharyngitis, the hypertrophic form and the atrophic form are distinguished, respectively. In intermediate forms between those listed, lateral and granulosa pharyngitis are also distinguished. We will consider each of these forms separately after providing general information about the symptoms of pharyngitis.

Symptoms of pharyngitis

The general picture of the symptoms of the disease we are considering in its acute form is extremely diverse, however, in most cases, patients’ complaints boil down to unpleasant sensations that occur during swallowing. They can manifest themselves in the form of dryness, soreness, burning or tickling, a feeling of a foreign body in the throat and other similar manifestations in this area. In addition, weakness, headaches (constant or periodic), and slight fever may occur.

In addition, acute pharyngitis can also occur in combination with a symptom such as enlargement of the occipital and submandibular lymph nodes; in some cases, pressure on them may be accompanied by pain. Congestion and pain in the ears in this case require immediate consultation with a doctor - such manifestations indicate the movement of infection from the pharynx to the middle ear, which, in turn, can cause inflammation in it with subsequent hearing loss.

The listed symptoms can also accompany either, because the difference from it is the greater severity of the pain syndrome in combination with a sharp increase in temperature (up to 39°C). Sometimes these diseases can even be combined.

Pharyngitis in children is often diagnosed as an acute infectious disease (,). In some cases, such a disease occurs in the form of manifestations of pharyngitis, which leads to not taking it too seriously. Diphtheria, in particular, is characterized by the formation of white or gray-white plaque in the area of ​​the tonsils and posterior wall, which is difficult to remove.

Some types of neurological disorders and systemic diseases can also be masked by the symptoms of pharyngitis. Considering this factor, signs indicating possible pharyngitis cannot be ignored, just as one cannot completely rely on self-medication in this situation.

Chronic pharyngitis

The symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are not accompanied by an increase in temperature and a significant change in the general condition of the patient.

The main sensations described by patients boil down to soreness and dryness in the throat, to the presence of a “lump” in it, which makes it necessary to cough and expectorate. The manifestation of cough, as a rule, is persistent, this cough is dry. Current discomfort in the throat is mostly associated with the need to constantly swallow mucus concentrated in the area of ​​the posterior pharyngeal wall, as a result of which patients become irritable; this condition causes some discomfort in performing normal activities, and also disrupts the quality of sleep.

Let us highlight the main factors contributing to the appearance of chronic pharyngitis:

• constitutional features relevant to the structure of the pharyngeal mucosa and gastrointestinal tract;
• duration of exposure to exogenous factors (chemicals, smoky or dry and hot air, etc.);
• difficulties associated with nasal breathing (abuse of decongestants by patients, mouth breathing);
• allergies;
• bad habits (alcohol, smoking);
• endocrine type of disorder (hypothyroidism, etc.);

Chronic pharyngitis, as a rule, is not an independent disease, occurring mainly with gastrointestinal pathologies (, etc.). If contents from the stomach enter the pharynx during sleep, which is possible against the background of gastroesophageal reflux disease or, chronic catarrhal pharyngitis often develops. In this case, the absence of measures to eliminate the main influencing cause leads to the fact that it is impossible to cure this form of pharyngitis - the treatment will be insufficient and will determine the short-term positive effect of its use.

Catarrhal pharyngitis

Catarrhal pharyngitis, as we noted earlier, is one of the forms of chronic pharyngitis. The main symptoms of catarrhal pharyngitis are the manifestation characteristic of the disease as a whole in the form of rawness in the throat and soreness in it, a sensation of the presence of a foreign body and mild pain when swallowing. A mucous, viscous discharge accumulates in the pharynx, which is why patients have to systematically expectorate and cough.

Coughing is especially noticeable in the morning; moreover, in some cases it may be accompanied by severe nausea and vomiting.

Pharyngoscopy, as a method for diagnosing the disease, reveals the presence of diffuse hyperemia in the pharyngeal mucosa, as well as its thickening, and the presence of purulent secretion on it. All this is caused by constant swelling, which is relevant in the chronic form of the disease for the connective tissue and affected mucosa.

Hypertrophic pharyngitis

Hypertrophic pharyngitis is the next form of chronic pharyngitis. This form is characterized by hypertrophy of the epithelium, which, in fact, determines its name. In addition, granules and other types of compactions appear. The mucous membrane becomes bright red, such inflammation does not appear everywhere in the affected area, and certain irregularities are noted in the upper membrane. A variant of manifestations also becomes possible, in which small vessels in the area of ​​certain areas of the mucous membrane are subject to enlargement, which creates a specific type of pattern from them.

The soft palate, like the uvula, is characterized by a sharp thickening, there is a sharp hyperplasia of the lymph nodes, which occurs due to exposure to irritating factors, which result in the formation of large grains of a red hue.

The symptoms are similar to the previous type of pharyngitis (its catarrhal form), but in this case it has a deeper and more pronounced nature of manifestations. Again, in the morning, coughing is especially severe, and nausea and vomiting are possible.

With this form of pharyngitis, hypertrophic degeneration in the tissues of the adenoids located on the lateral walls of the pharynx becomes possible. Vomiting movements lead to their significant protrusion forward, which makes it possible to examine them unhindered. With significant hypertrophy, the trigeminal nerve is irritated, as a result of which the cough becomes a reflex.

In some cases, lymphadenoid tissue forms long cords that can be seen behind the slightly infiltrated posterior arches. This type of pharyngitis is defined as lateral pharyngitis, in which the pharynx appears narrowed. In some cases, this form of pharyngitis can be combined with the granulosa form of pharyngitis.

Granular pharyngitis

The main symptom of the disease in this form is a peculiar manifestation in the form of tickling in the throat, scratching. Often, patients also feel dryness in the throat, and swallowing is accompanied by moderate pain. Again, the appearance of an abundant layer in the form of viscous and mucous secretions, tightly adjacent to the pharyngeal walls, is also noted. These secretions are difficult to expectorate; their separation from the walls of the pharynx practically does not occur.

The above processes are also accompanied by significant irritation of the pharynx, resulting in frequent vomiting.

At night, the accumulation of mucus occurs in a more intense manner; it may descend to the larynx area, as a result of which patients experience severe spasms in combination with bouts of severe coughing.

Granular pharyngitis is accompanied by severe damage to the lymphoid tissue, which in particular manifests itself in the form of red nodules of varying sizes, concentrated in the area of ​​the posterior pharyngeal wall. The formed granules become a strong irritant to the trigeminal nerve. Often there is a transition from granulosa pharyngitis to atrophic pharyngitis, as a result of which the lining of the pharynx is characterized by severe dryness, which arose against the background of gland atrophy in combination with tissue fibrosis.

Atrophic pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis in this form acts as the last stage of this disease. Its completion is accompanied by the formation and development of progressive sclerosis of each of the organs of the mucous membrane, as well as the lymphoid and glandular apparatus and the submucosal layer.

In this case, the secretion becomes increasingly viscous, and it becomes difficult to separate. When the discharge dries, it forms dense crusts, causing patients to experience significant discomfort and anxiety.

Due to the crusts formed in the nasopharynx, patients develop paresthesia in various forms, as well as unpleasant sensations of the presence of a foreign body in this area. It also happens that these crusts, with considerable effort on the part of the patient, still stand out, taking the form of significant fragments, or even even casts from the surface of the nasopharynx.

The mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall becomes dry and pale, becomes shiny, and convoluted blood vessels can be seen through it. The sharpness of the pharyngeal reflexes expressed during the initial stages in the atrophic form of pharyngitis disappears completely, which indicates that atrophy also affects the nerve endings, not only the sensory nerves, but also the trophic nerves, that is, the autonomic ones. It is precisely because of this result that a generally disappointing line can be drawn regarding the possibility of achieving a reparative effect during treatment at this stage of the disease.

When considering chronic atrophic pharyngitis as the final stage of development of the previously listed forms of this disease, it can be determined that the result of its course is determined by the characteristics of an ordinary inflammatory process, the decisive role for which is assigned to pathological processes of a chronic nature of damage to the nasal pharyngeal part.

Meanwhile, for this reason, one should not miss the so-called essential (or genuine) atrophic pharyngitis, which acts as a primary constitutional disease, which, in turn, is a syndrome of systemic dystrophic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. This disease leads to hypotrophy of each of the gastrointestinal tract structures while simultaneously reducing their functional characteristics. In this case, the actual dysfunctions are (anacidic, hypocidal), intestinal hypotension, functional type disorders related to the activity of the hepatolienal system, etc.

Mostly these disorders, which, quite possibly, may be characterized by a certain predisposition to them (congenital or acquired), occur in combination with the primary form of atrophic pharyngitis, and the manifestations of the latter may not have any specific infectious origin.

Accordingly, along with dyskinesia of the intestines and stomach, disorders in the pharyngoesophageal region are also noted. This, in turn, leads to an understandable interest on the part of the doctor when determining atrophic pharyngitis in the current features of the patient’s gastrointestinal tract, and for the most part, patients will actually be able to identify the presence of certain symptoms of diseases in this area.

As a result of such a connection, the opposite effect cannot be ruled out, that is, if the therapy specific to the patient is effective, the condition of the pharynx also improves, and for this, sometimes it is not necessary to take any measures aimed at achieving this result.

It is noteworthy that chronic colitis can be accompanied by catarrhal pharyngitis, and in this case treatment should be comprehensive, that is, focused on both diseases.

Diagnosis

To diagnose the disease, it is enough to consult a doctor for a routine examination of the oral cavity. It may be necessary to collect (smear) the discharge, which is required to identify a specific type of pathogen in it.

Treatment of pharyngitis

Treatment of pharyngitis is symptomatic, unless, of course, the course of the disease is accompanied by a general deterioration in the patient’s condition. This includes a gentle diet and compresses to the front of the neck, hot foot baths, gargling, hot drinks, and inhalations.

What is pharyngitis? Pharyngitis is a chronic or acute inflammatory process that occurs in the pharyngeal mucosa. The disease is accompanied by pain, discomfort and sore throat.

The inflammation that occurs in it is also divided depending on its location. But sometimes such a division is conditional, in particular, when acute pharyngitis occurs. In this case, bacteria and viruses diffusely infect the mucous membrane of the upper tracts, and they constantly migrate.

If a person is sick with chronic pharyngitis, then, as a rule, the inflammation is localized in only one part of the pharynx. Thanks to this, it is possible to distinguish individual diseases, for example, pharyngolaryngitis and pharyngotonsillitis.

The pharynx is divided into 3 sections:

1. nasopharynx (upper);
2. oropharynx (middle);
3. hypopharynx (lower).

Causes of pharyngitis

What causes a sore throat? The causes of this disease lie in inhalation of polluted or cold air, or exposure to chemical irritants (tobacco, alcohol).

Infectious types of pharyngitis are caused by different microorganisms:

• fungi (Candida);
• viruses (adenoviruses, influenza);
• microbes (pneumococci, staphylococci and streptococci).

Quite often, the causes of the disease lie in the spread of an infectious inflammatory focus adjacent to the pharynx.

In this case, acute pharyngitis develops due to dental caries, runny nose or sinusitis.

Types of disease

Based on the ethological characteristics of pharyngitis, we can say that it occurs:

1. traumatic (due to a foreign body entering the throat or surgical intervention);
2. viral;
3. provoked by the influence of various factors (irradiation, steam, alkalis, acids);
4. allergic;
5. fungal.

In chronic pharyngitis, the disease is classified according to the nature of the changes developing in the mucosa:

• hypertrophic;
• catarrhal, acute pharyngitis;
• subatrophic (atrophic).

Very often these types of pharyngitis are combined. For example, diffuse atrophic changes in the mucosa can occur together with focal hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the tubopharyngeal ridges. But most often catarrhal inflammation of the throat occurs with.

What viruses cause the disease?

Pharyngolaryngitis and other types of inflammation of the pharynx develop in 70% of cases due to exposure to viruses. The most common types include:

1. rhinoviruses;
2. parainfluenza and influenza viruses;
3. coronaviruses;
4. adenoviruses;

Often, the causes of sore throat lie in the entry of rhinoviruses into the throat. In addition, recent studies have shown that their importance is constantly increasing, as a result of which today they provoke 80% of the occurrence of ARVI during the autumn epidemic.

However, viral infection is only the first stage in which a disease develops, which can subsequently be joined by a bacterial infection as an adjunctive disease.

In addition to common types of viruses, the reasons why pharyngolaryngitis and other throat diseases appear may be due to less popular, but still dangerous viruses entering the body:

• immunodeficiency virus;
• respiratory syncytial virus;
• cytomegalovirus;
• herpes simplex viruses;
• Epstein-Barr virus;
• Coxsackie virus;
• enteroviruses.

In addition to the nonspecific type, there are other types of throat diseases that are associated with a specific pathogen.

For example, the Epstein-Barr virus for infectious mononucleosis or gonococcus for gonorrheal pharyngitis and much more.

Symptoms of pharyngitis

Acute pharyngitis is accompanied by pain, dryness, soreness and discomfort in the throat when swallowing. Sometimes the patient develops fever and weakness.

Moreover, if the tubopharyngeal ridges become inflamed, then the pain radiates to the ears. During palpation, the patient may experience pain, and his cervical lymph nodes may be enlarged.

If you perform a pharyngoscopy, then hyperemia of the palatine arches, the posterior wall of the pharynx and inflammation of individual lymph nodes will be noticeable. However, there will be no inherent symptoms of tonsillitis - an inflammatory process in the palatine tonsils.

It is worth noting that acute pharyngitis is a common symptom of infectious diseases. For example, rubella measles, scarlet fever or measles. Sometimes differential diagnosis is made with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Kawasaki disease.

Signs of pharyngitis, if chronic, are not too pronounced. So, with this disease, the patient’s general condition does not deteriorate particularly, and the temperature does not rise. In this case, the patient experiences sensations such as a sore and dry throat, as a result of which he constantly wants to clear his throat.

As a rule, persistent pharyngitis is observed. Discomfort in the throat often occurs when the patient has a forced need to swallow mucus that collects in the throat. Because of this, a person becomes irritable, since such symptoms of pharyngitis prevent him from sleeping peacefully and doing everyday things.

Atrophic pharyngitis is characterized by thinned and dry pharyngeal mucosa, and dried mucus often collects on it. In addition, injected vessels may be visible on the mucosa.

Hypertrophic pharyngolaryngitis is manifested by foci of hyperplastic lymphoid tissue, which are randomly distributed along the back of the pharyngeal wall. Even with such inflammation, the tubopharyngeal ridges located behind the palatine arches can be enlarged. With exacerbation, hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane appears.

What can be said about pharyngitis is that its chronic form is not an independent disease. As a rule, these are manifestations of gastrointestinal dysfunction:

1. pancreatitis;
2. atrophic gastritis (chronic);
3. cholecystitis and so on.

With a hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal revlux disease, the acidic contents of the stomach enter the throat when a person sleeps. Very often, these reasons contribute to the development of the catarrhal form of the disease. At the same time, if the main factor in the development of the disease is not eliminated, then it will not be possible to get rid of inflammation and treatment of pharyngitis will be ineffective.

In addition, tonsillectomy and smoking also contribute to the appearance of atrophic changes in the pharynx. In addition, pharyngolaryngitis can develop due to difficulty breathing through the nose.

Chronic inflammation of the throat can also occur with an overdose of vasoconstrictor drops, when they flow from the nose into the throat, having an anemic effect.

Moreover, pharyngitis symptoms are present with postnasal drip. In this case, the causes of discomfort in the throat are associated with the flow of mucus from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses along its back wall.

In addition to regular coughing, pharyngitis can be said to be often accompanied by wheezing. This means that differential diagnosis needs to be carried out so as not to confuse pharyngolaryngitis and other throat inflammations with bronchial asthma.

Factors that cause the development of chronic pharyngitis include alcohol abuse and smoking, allergies, vitamin A deficiency and diabetes mellitus.

Another inflammatory process in the pharynx occurs due to prolonged exposure to exogenous factors (chemicals, dust, smoky or dry air), endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism) and renal, cardiac or pulmonary failure.

In addition, we can talk about pharyngitis if it is difficult to breathe through the nose (abuse of decongestants, mouth breathing) and with the specific structure of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and gastrointestinal tract.

Diagnostics

It is worth noting that if a sore throat cannot be cured for a long time, it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis in order to find out what exactly contributes to the appearance of this symptom and to find out how to treat pharyngitis.

It may turn out that its appearance is facilitated by Plummer–Vinson syndrome, which occurs in women (40-70 years old) due to a lack of iron in the body.

In addition, discomfort in the throat may appear due to an autoimmune disease such as Sjögren's syndrome, which is characterized by severe drying of the gastrointestinal mucosa and diffuse enlargement of the salivary glands.

With stylalgia, regular and intense painful sensations in the mountain also appear, which arise as a result of elongation of the styloid process, located at the bottom of the temporal bone and palpable in the upper part of the palatine tonsil.

In addition, a sore throat may not subside due to a number of neuralgic diseases (vagus nerve). In particular, this phenomenon is typical for older people.

To diagnose acute pharyngitis, the doctor needs to examine the patient. In addition, if the need arises, a virological or bacteriological study is carried out (a swab is taken from the throat).

Treatment of Pharyngitis

In acute and chronic acute forms of the disease, which is not accompanied by severe malaise, symptomatic treatment of pharyngitis will be sufficient, which should consist of the following measures:

• gargling;
• hot foot baths;
• steam;
• diet for pharyngitis;
• warm compresses;
• warm drink.

Moreover, in order to successfully cure pharyngolaryngitis, you need to quit smoking. An uncomplicated form of sore throat often does not require taking antibacterial agents. In this case, it is more advisable to carry out not systemic, but local antimicrobial treatment of pharyngitis, for which monotherapy can be prescribed.

Pharyngitis treatment with antibacterial drugs often includes taking one or more antiseptic drugs (iodine-based products, Chlorhexidine, Thymol, Hexetidine, Ambazon, Benzidamine, etc.), local antiseptics (menthol, Tetracaine, Ledocaine), and ethereal extracts. Sometimes sulfonamides, antibiotics (Framacetin, Fusafyungin) or deodorizing drugs are used.

In addition, medications may contain bacterial lysates (Imudon), vitamin C and natural antiseptics, beekeeping products, plant extracts). Moreover, drugs for the treatment of pharyngitis can be synthesized factors of nonspecific protection of the mucous membranes, which also have an antiviral effect (Interferon, Lysozyme).

Treatment of pharyngitis also involves the use of antimicrobial drugs in various forms (lozenges, rinsing, tablets, inhalation and insufflation). However, treatment of pharyngitis with such drugs should meet a number of requirements:

1. do not irritate the mucous membrane;
2. have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action;
3. do not have a toxic effect;
4. do not cause allergies.

Most of the remedies that can be used to cure pharyngolaryngitis or acute pharyngitis are available in the form of lozenges, lozenges or tablets that must be dissolved (Strepsils, Hexalize, Neo-angin and others). However, this form of drugs has little activity, so they can be prescribed for mild types of the disease.

It should also be remembered that Chlorhexidine is toxic, and it is available in many products (Eludril, Antiangin, Sebidine and others). Therefore, treatment of acute pharyngitis with this active substance should not be uncontrolled.

Sometimes drugs that have a strong irritant and allergenic effect are prescribed to treat pharyngitis. These include sulfonamides, iodine derivatives and propolis. And products based on herbal components are relatively harmless and effective, but treatment of pharyngitis is contraindicated if the patient is allergic to plant pollen.

In addition, pharyngitis can be treated with the inhaled antibiotic Fusafyungin (Bioparox), a drug that has an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. It is released in the form of an aerosol, this allows the smallest particles of the substance to penetrate into the most inaccessible areas of the pharynx. This makes treatment of pharyngitis faster and more effective. Learn more about pharyngitis and its consequences in the video in this article.

Good day, dear visitors of the project “Good IS!” ", section " "!

Today we will talk to you about the topic - pharyngitis.

Pharyngitis ( lat. Pharyngitis) - inflammation of the mucous membrane and lymphoid tissue of the pharynx, the pathological process of which sometimes involves deeper layers under the mucosa. The disease is not life-threatening, but its course and treatment can be quite severe.

Causes of pharyngitis

The main cause of pharyngitis- this is inhalation of cold or polluted air, the influence of chemical irritations (alcohol, tobacco).

Infectious pharyngitis can be caused by various microbes:

• bacteria - , ;
• viruses - parainfluenza, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, herpes simplex viruses (types 1 and 2), Coxsackie virus, Epstein-Barr virus, etc.
• fungi - candida.

Pharyngitis often develops as a result of the spread of infection from any source of inflammation adjacent to the pharynx. Thus, the development of the disease can occur with sinusitis (, and others).

Factors contributing to the development of the disease

• Changes in hormonal levels - hypothyroidism;
• Increased allergic status;
• Bad habits - smoking, ;
• Polluted air;
• Deficiency in the body;
• Various types of insufficiency - cardiac, respiratory, renal;
• Features of the structure of the pharynx.

In case of persistent sore throat that is not amenable to conventional therapy, differential diagnosis is required with a number of syndromes that develop in certain systemic diseases and diseases of the nervous system. Plummer–Vinson syndrome occurs in women aged 40 to 70 years against the background. Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease, accompanied, in addition to severe dryness of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, by diffuse enlargement of the salivary glands. Eagle syndrome (stilalgia) is characterized by severe, persistent, often unilateral pain in the throat caused by elongation of the styloid process, which is located on the lower surface of the temporal bone and can be palpated above the upper pole of the tonsil. A number of neuralgias (glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve) can also cause sore throat, especially in older people.

How is pharyngitis transmitted?

• Airborne - infection occurs when infected particles of moisture or dust enter the nasopharynx, for example, when being near a sneezing or coughing carrier of the pathogen;
• Contact household - when sharing kitchen items, dishes and various personal care items and products with the patient;
• Hematogenous - the infection penetrates into the pharynx area with blood flow from foci of infection in other parts of the body (dental caries, rhinitis and others, etc.)

Types of pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is classified as follows:

Downstream:

Acute pharyngitis- develops immediately after exposure of the pharyngeal mucosa to an aggressive factor (infection, irritant gas, etc.). The course of acute pharyngitis is favorable.

Chronic pharyngitis— — can be a consequence of untreated acute pharyngitis, as well as an independent disease that occurs with prolonged irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa by dust, gas, chemical fumes, smoke, etc. In the development of chronic pharyngitis, phases of exacerbation and remission are observed.

By etiology:

• Viral
• Bacterial
• Fungal
• Allergic
• Traumatic
• Caused by exposure to irritants

By form:

• Simple (catarrhal);
• Hypertrophic (granular);
• Atrophic;
• Mixed form.

The most common form of acute inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa is catarrhal pharyngitis during ARVI. It is known that approximately 70% of pharyngitis is caused by viruses, including rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses. The most common causative agent of acute pharyngitis is rhinoviruses.

Research in recent years shows that their importance is growing rapidly, and now rhinoviruses are responsible for more than 80% of acute respiratory viral infections during autumn epidemics. Viral infection is often only the first phase of the disease, and it “paves the way” for subsequent bacterial infection.

These generalized data, taken from foreign manuals on otorhinolaryngology and infectious diseases, are very conditional, since the concept of “sore throat”, used in English (the Russian-language analogue is acute pharyngitis or pharyngotonsillitis), is not a definition of a specific nosological form, but rather a collective term for several diseases. In addition to the nonspecific form, there are other types of pharyngitis associated with specific pathogens, for example, the Epstein-Barr virus for, Yersinia enterocolitica for yersenial and gonococcus for gonorrheal pharyngitis, as well as Leptotrix buccalis for leptotrichosis of the pharynx.

Common signs of the disease are:

• Redness of the throat ();
• Granular rashes on the pharyngeal mucosa;
• Purulent plaque on the throat;
• , increased fatigue, ;
• Sore and dry;
• Runny nose;

Symptoms, depending on the type and form of the disease:

Acute pharyngitis is characterized by soreness, dryness, discomfort and pain in the throat when swallowing (especially with an empty throat), less often - general malaise, fever (usually 37.5-38 ° C). When the tubopharyngeal ridges become inflamed, the pain usually radiates to the ears. On palpation, pain and pain may be noted. Pharyngoscopy reveals hyperemia of the posterior wall of the pharynx and palatine arches, individual inflamed lymphoid granules, but there are no characteristic signs of inflammation of the palatine tonsils. It should be remembered that acute pharyngitis may be the first manifestation of some infectious diseases: measles, rubella. In some cases, differential diagnosis with Kawasaki disease and Stevens-Johnson syndrome is required.

Not typical for chronic pharyngitis an increase in temperature and a significant deterioration in general condition. The sensations are characterized by patients as dryness, soreness and a feeling of a lump in the throat, which causes a desire to cough or “clear the throat”. The cough is usually persistent, dry and easily distinguishable from the cough that accompanies the course of tracheobronchitis. Discomfort in the throat is often associated with the forced need to constantly swallow mucus in the back of the throat, which makes patients irritable, interferes with their normal activities and disrupts sleep.

For atrophic pharyngitis the mucous membrane of the pharynx looks thinned, dry, and often covered with dried mucus. Injected vessels may be visible on the shiny surface of the mucous membrane. In the hypertrophic form, pharyngoscopy reveals foci of hyperplastic lymphoid tissue randomly scattered on the posterior wall of the pharynx or enlarged tubopharyngeal ridges located behind the posterior palatine arches. At the time of exacerbation, these changes are accompanied by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane, but usually the paucity of objective findings does not correspond to the severity of the symptoms that bother patients.

Chronic pharyngitis often is not an independent disease, but a manifestation of the pathology of the entire gastrointestinal tract: chronic atrophic gastritis,. The entry of acidic gastric contents into the pharynx during sleep with gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia is often a hidden cause of the development of chronic catarrhal pharyngitis, and in this case, without eliminating the underlying cause of the disease, any local treatment methods provide an insufficient and short-lived effect. Smoking and tonsillectomy lead to the development of atrophic changes in the pharyngeal mucosa.

Pharyngitis often develops with constantly difficult nasal breathing. It can be caused not only by switching to mouth breathing, but also by the abuse of vasoconstrictor drops, which flow from the nasal cavity into the pharynx and have an unnecessary anemic effect there. Symptoms of pharyngitis may be present with the so-called postnasal drip (postnasal drip). In this case, discomfort in the throat is associated with the flow of pathological secretions from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses along the back wall of the pharynx. In addition to constant coughing, this condition can cause wheezing in children, which requires differential diagnosis with.

Rice. 1 - Acute pharyngitis
Rice. 2 - Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis
Rice. 3 - Chronic atrophic pharyngitis
Rice. 4 - Chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis
Rice. 5 - Chronic granulosa pharyngitis
Rice. 6 – Chronic lateral pharyngitis

Diagnosis of pharyngitis

The following methods are used to diagnose pharyngitis:

• visual examination of the patient;
• taking a swab from the throat to determine the cause of pharyngitis (virological or bacteriological studies);
• If necessary, pharyngoscopy is performed.

Treatment of pharyngitis involves, first of all, eliminating the factor that provoked disease. In the case of bacterial pharyngitis, this is achieved with the help of antibiotics, and in the case of pharyngitis caused by prolonged inhalation of smoke or irritants, job changes or the use of personal protection methods.

Important! Treatment for all cases of pharyngitis requires smoking cessation.

Any drug treatment for pharyngitis should be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician.

In case of acute and exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis, not accompanied by severe disorders of the general condition, symptomatic treatment is sufficient, including a gentle diet, hot foot baths, warm compresses on the front surface of the neck, milk with milk, steam inhalations and gargling. Smoking should be stopped. Uncomplicated pharyngitis usually does not require systemic antibiotics. In this situation, it becomes justified to carry out not systemic, but local antimicrobial therapy, which can also be prescribed in the form of monotherapy. However, a survey conducted in Belgium showed that in general, 36% of doctors resort to prescribing antibiotics for pharyngitis.

Antibacterial drugs for the treatment of pharyngitis usually include one or more antiseptics (chlorhexidine, hexetidine, benzydamine, ambazone, thymol and its derivatives, alcohols, iodine preparations, etc.), essential oils, local anesthetics (lidocaine, tetracaine, menthol).

Treatment of pharyngitis may include the use of antibiotics (fusafyungin, framycetin) or sulfonamides, deodorizing agents. Also, preparations for pharyngitis may contain bacterial lysates (Imudon), natural antiseptics (plant extracts, bee products), synthesized factors of nonspecific protection of mucous membranes, which also have an antiviral effect (lysozyme, interferon), vitamins ().

Preparations for topical use - lozenges and lozenges - have proven themselves well in the treatment of sore throat, with preparations of a complex composition being more preferable. For example, the drug Anti-Angin® Formula lozenges/lozenges, which include chlorhexidine, which has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect, tetracaine, which has a local anesthetic effect and vitamin C. Due to the complex composition, Anti-Angin® Formula has a triple effect: it helps fight bacteria, help relieve pain and help reduce inflammation and swelling.¹,²

Anti-Angin® Formula is available in a wide range of dosage forms: spray, lozenges and lozenges. Anti-Angin® Formula is indicated for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx (including manifestations of tonsillitis, pharyngitis and the initial stage of tonsillitis).

Anti-Angin® Formula lozenges do not contain sugar *

Antimicrobial drugs can be prescribed in the form of rinses, insufflations, inhalations, as well as tablets and lozenges. The main requirements for drugs applied to the mucous membrane are:

- a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, preferably including antiviral and antimicrobial activity;

- lack of toxic effect and low rate of absorption from mucous membranes;

- low allergenicity;

- no irritating effect on the mucous membrane.

The prescription of a number of drugs is limited by their high allergenicity and irritating effect. This includes drugs containing derivatives (iodinol, iox, vocadine, povidone-iodine), (proposol), sulfonamides (bicarmint, ingalipt). Preparations containing herbal antiseptics and essential oils are effective and harmless, but their use is contraindicated in patients suffering from allergies to pollen, and the number of people with this disease in some geographic areas is up to 20% of the population.

Inhalation antibiotic "Fyuzafyungin" (Bioparox)– a drug that combines antibacterial properties with anti-inflammatory properties and is produced in the form of a dosed aerosol, has been used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections for more than 20 years. Due to the very small size of aerosol particles, fusafunzhin is able to penetrate into the most inaccessible parts of the respiratory tract and exert its therapeutic effect there. The high antimicrobial effectiveness of fusafyungin in acute pharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheobronchitis has been confirmed by a large number of observations. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity of fusafyungin is adapted to microorganisms that are most often the causative agents of upper respiratory tract infections; it is also active against mycoplasma infections. The unique quality of this drug is the stability of its spectrum of action: during its use, no new strains of bacteria resistant to it were observed. In addition to its antibacterial properties, fusafungin has its own anti-inflammatory effect, which has been demonstrated in experimental studies. It enhances phagocytosis of macrophages and inhibits the formation of inflammatory mediators. This explains the effectiveness of the drug for viral pharyngitis, although the drug does not have a direct inhibitory effect on viruses. When fusafyungine was prescribed, a smoother course after tonsillectomy was noted.

"Imudon" fundamentally different from all drugs used for local treatment of pharyngitis. It is a multivalent antigenic complex, which includes lysates of 10 bacteria, as well as two causative agents of fungal infections (Candida albicans and Fusiformis fusiformis), most often causing inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and pharynx. Imudon activates phagocytosis, helps increase the number of immunocompetent cells, increases the content of lysozyme and secretory IgA in saliva. Data have been obtained indicating that the administration of imudon for acute, as well as catarrhal, hypertrophic and subatrophic forms of chronic pharyngitis is more effective than traditional methods of treatment, such as inhalation of alkaline and antibacterial drugs, cauterization of granules with a solution of silver nitrate and the use of other anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. If necessary, imudon combines well with local or systemic antibiotics, helping to reduce recovery time and maintain local immune defense, which is especially important during antibiotic therapy. Imudon is available in the form of lozenges.

Hexetidine (Hexoral) Available both in the form of a rinse solution and an aerosol. Unlike chlorhexidine, the drug is low-toxic. It is active against most bacteria - the causative agents of pharyngitis and tonsillitis, as well as fungi. In addition to being antimicrobial, hexetidine has a hemostatic and analgesic effect, which justifies its use not only after tonsillectomy and opening of a peritonsillar abscess, but also after extensive operations in the pharynx (for example, operations for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, etc.). The combination of the above-mentioned effects with the deodorizing effect of the drug is beneficial in patients with tumors of the upper respiratory tract, in particular, those receiving radiation therapy.

Antiseptic for mucous membranes "Octenisept" has, perhaps, the widest spectrum of antimicrobial action, covering gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma, fungi, protozoa, as well as herpes simplex viruses and HIV. The effect of the drug begins within a minute and lasts for an hour. Octenisept has no toxic effect and is not absorbed through intact mucous membranes. An octenisept solution is used, spraying this solution onto the mucous membranes using an insufflator. Of course, the main disadvantage of this drug is that it is not available in forms convenient for independent use, and its use is mainly limited to the practice of specialized departments.

Local antibacterial agents can be widely used in the treatment of pharyngitis. The choice of the optimal drug is determined by the spectrum of its antimicrobial activity, the absence of allergenicity and toxic effect. Of course, the most effective local drugs will not completely replace the need for systemic administration of antibiotics for sore throat and pharyngitis caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus. On the other hand, due to the nonbacterial etiology of many forms of pharyngitis, the emergence of an increasing number of resistant strains of bacteria, as well as the undesirable effects of general antibiotic therapy, local administration of drugs with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity is in many cases the method of choice.

Treatment of pharyngitis during pregnancy

Any disease during pregnancy is unpleasant and brings a lot of inconvenience to the expectant mother. First of all, this is due to the fact that during pregnancy, most effective treatment methods are not available, as they can negatively affect the development of the fetus. This is also relevant for the treatment of a fairly harmless disease called pharyngitis.

When treating pharyngitis, you must follow several rules. The main ones are: providing rest to the sore throat (in order not to strain the vocal apparatus, try not to talk, and, if necessary, do it rarely and in a whisper), periodically gargling, taking the necessary medications. In this case, drinking plenty of warm water is very helpful. Note: not cold and, in no case, not hot. For drinking, it is better to use alkaline drinks (milk, still mineral water), as well as vitamin-containing drinks (cranberry juice, tea with lemon). Spicy, salty, and smoked foods should be excluded from the diet.

Infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs are suitable for gargling: chamomile, calendula, plantain, etc. You can buy ready-made tinctures that need to be diluted with water. This could be Rotokan, Romazulan and others. In addition, Furacilin solution is used for rinsing. Aerosols and sprays, for example, Hexoral, do a good job.

Today, the pharmaceutical market offers a huge selection of various lozenges that help with pharyngitis. These include Sebidin, Strepsils, Faringosept. Falimint, Septolete, Strepsils-plus are contraindicated for women expecting a child. However, it should be noted that lozenges and lozenges are effective only for mild forms of the disease.

As a rule, the temperature with pharyngitis is insignificant and rarely exceeds 38°C. This became the reason that they try not to lower the temperature. In very rare cases, given the condition of a pregnant woman, in order to lower the temperature, Efferalgan, Calpol or another drug based on is used.

Important! Treatment of pharyngitis during pregnancy, although simple, requires medical supervision.

Treatment of acute pharyngitis carried out under the supervision of the attending physician. Use of medicinal products plants for diseases of the pharynx in folk medicine is associated with the anti-inflammatory, emollient, analgesic properties of herbs.

In the treatment of acute pharyngitis, along with chemotherapy drugs, various medicinal plants that have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are widely used.

— The simplest, but despite this, effective way to treat this disease is sea water. Various procedures can be carried out using it. You can simply gargle with it at least 2 times a day or do rinsing. To do this, you take sea water with your nose and spit it out through your mouth. The number of procedures is not limited. They can also be carried out for prevention. And the sun and sea air are additional factors influencing a speedy recovery.

— Herbal baths very good for pharyngitis. Add 4 drops of eucalyptus or thyme oil to bathing water. You can also use a strong infusion of 2 tbsp. spoons of dry thyme in 1 liter of hot water for 30 minutes. Strain the infusion and pour into water.

— For any inflammation in the throat try chewing 2-3 buds of cloves (spice). Do this every 3-4 hours until the condition improves.

— Suck on the lollipops. If your sore throat is caused by a viral infection, antibiotics will not help. But medicated lozenges containing herbal antiseptics may provide some benefit. These substances help clear the surface of the mucous membrane from infection, while the body is able to strengthen its resistance.

And if the lollipops contain anesthetics or menthol, then they also have a moderate analgesic effect, causing numbness of the sensitive nerve endings. As a result, the throat is less sore. But keep in mind that lollipops are produced in different dosages, so in order not to exceed the norm, follow the instructions for use. By the way, the duration of action of aerosols on irritated tissues is relatively short. The effect of the lollipops lasts longer.

— Gargle. If you experience pain when swallowing, the sore area is located high enough in your throat to rinse and soothe it with gargling. Therefore, gargle more often with one of the solutions below, but know that if you have hoarseness or cough, then the sore area is lower and the procedure will be ineffective.

— Salt water. Stir 1 tsp. table salt in 0.5 liters of warm or room temperature water. This corresponds to the physiological amount of salt in the body (0.9 percent solution), so it will not be irritating. Swish every hour or so, but do not swallow the liquid.

— Humidify the air in the room. Sometimes a sore throat when you wake up is caused by sleeping with your mouth open. Typically, the air entering the throat and lungs is moistened in the nose. But when breathing through the mouth, this stage is skipped, leaving the throat dry and irritated. In this regard, otolaryngologists recommend purchasing an air humidifier for the bedroom.

— Raise the head of the bed. One of the reasons for a sore throat in the morning, in addition to sleeping with your mouth open, is the reflux of stomach acids into the throat during the night. These substances are extremely irritating to the sensitive tissues of the throat. Avoid this problem by raising the head of your bed so that the head end is 10-15 cm higher than the foot end. But don’t just put a pillow under your head: bending over will increase pressure on the esophagus, and this will make it even worse. By the way, for the purpose of prevention

– Do not eat or drink for an hour or two before bed.

— Drink more fluids. This helps moisturize the parched tissues of the throat. But there are a few drinks that you should avoid. Thick milk drinks that coat the throat can cause mucus to form, which will make the cough worse. Orange juice can further irritate an already sore throat. Drinks containing caffeine have a diuretic effect, thereby contributing to additional tissue dryness.

— Cover your throat. Warm chamomile compresses on the throat relieve discomfort. To make a compress, add 1 tablespoon of dried chamomile flowers to 1-2 cups of boiling water. Let stand for 5 minutes and filter. Dip a clean napkin or towel into this infusion, wring it out and wrap it around your neck. Hold until the napkin cools down. If necessary, repeat with warmer liquid.

— Yarrow – 5 g, mint – 10 g, petals or roses – 10 g. Pour 10 g of the collection into 200 ml of cold water, bring to a boil. Leave for 1.5-2 hours. Take as hot tea with honey, up to 200 ml before bedtime.

— Melissa – 10 g, string – 3 g, plantain – 2 g. Pour 10 g of the collection into 200 ml of cold water, leave for 30-40 minutes, then boil for 5-7 minutes, leave again for 1 hour. Take the decoction hot 20 ml before bedtime.

— Schisandra chinensis (shoots) – 10 g, string – 5 g, – 5 g. Pour 10 g of the collection into 200 ml of cold water, boil for 2-3 minutes, leave for 1.5-2 hours. Take warm with honey (39 -40 C) 50 ml 2 times a day after meals.

— Chamomile tea. Soak 1 tsp. dried chamomile in 1 cup hot water, strain. Let cool until lukewarm and rinse as needed.

- Mix 5 g each of blackcurrant leaves, chamomile and sage flowers. Pour a glass of water and boil for 5 minutes. Leave for an hour, strain and add 3-5 drops of fir oil. Drink a warm decoction before bed.

A few more recipes for treating pharyngitis with folk remedies

— Try chewing high-quality propolis for pharyngitis: it should cause a burning sensation in the mouth and a slight numbness of the tongue. Chew it after eating.

— Take for preparation: eucalyptus leaf, 1 tbsp. level spoon, sage leaf 1 tbsp. heaped spoon, chamomile flowers 1 tbsp. level spoon, mint herb 1 tbsp. level spoon, pine buds 1 tbsp. heaped spoon, root 2 tbsp. spoons, thyme herb 1 tbsp. spoon. Preparation and use: 2 tbsp. spoons of the mixture pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos. Strain. Take 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, in addition, gargle 2-3 times a day.

- Take birch buds, meadowsweet flowers, chamomile flowers, pine buds, lungwort grass, grass - equally. Preparation and use: pour 2 tablespoons of the collection into 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos. Strain. Take 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, in addition, gargle 2-3 times a day.

- Try using the herb 2 tbsp. spoons, sage leaf 1 tbsp. spoon, oregano leaf 2 tbsp. spoons, celandine herb 1 tbsp. spoon, hop cones 1 tbsp. spoon. Preparation and use: 2 tbsp. spoons of the mixture pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos. Strain. Take 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, in addition, gargle 2-3 times a day.

- Take oregano herb, St. John's wort herb, coltsfoot herb, chamomile flowers, herb, violet herb - equally. Preparation and use: pour 2 tablespoons of the collection into 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos. Strain. Take 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, in addition, gargle 2-3 times a day.

- Take birch buds, clover flowers, plantain leaves, rose hips, geranium grass, fruits, succession grass - equally. Preparation and use: 2 tbsp. spoons of the mixture pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos. Strain. Take 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, in addition, gargle 2-3 times a day.

- Take calendula flowers, meadowsweet flowers, tansy flowers, grass, aspen buds, chicory grass - equally. Preparation and use: 2 tbsp. spoons of the mixture pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos. Strain. Take 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, in addition, gargle 2-3 times a day.

- Take raspberry leaf, mint grass, grass, pine buds, eucalyptus leaf, shepherd's purse grass, angelica root, wild rosemary shoots - equally. Preparation and use: 2 tbsp. spoons of the collection pour 0.5 liters. boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos. Strain. Take 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, in addition, gargle 2-3 times a day.

Remember, traditional medicine cannot always completely replace the methods of classical medicine.

Prevention of pharyngitis

- Avoid hypothermia.

— Do not abuse medications, especially without consulting a doctor, since some groups of drugs (for example, antibiotics) have the effect of reducing the activity of the immune system, which facilitates infection of the body without much effort.

— Hardening of the body. Eliminating harmful factors (smoking, drinking alcohol), restoring impaired nasal breathing, increasing the body's defenses (use of immunocorrector drugs, IRS-19).

— Humidify the air in the room. Sometimes a sore throat when you wake up is caused by sleeping with your mouth open. Typically, the air entering the throat and lungs is moistened in the nose. But when breathing through the mouth, this stage is skipped, leaving the throat dry and irritated. In this regard, otolaryngologists recommend purchasing a humidifier for the bedroom.

— Raise the head of the bed. One of the reasons for a sore throat in the morning, in addition to sleeping with your mouth open, is the reflux of stomach acids into the throat during the night. These substances are extremely irritating to the sensitive tissues of the throat. Avoid this problem by raising the head of your bed so that the head end is 10-15 cm higher than the foot end. But don’t just put a pillow under your head: bending over will increase pressure on the esophagus, and this will make it even worse. By the way, for the purpose of prevention

– Do not eat or drink for an hour or two before bed. And in food, try to give more preference to products of plant origin (vegetables, fruits) and other foods rich in vitamins and minerals.

- When drinking very cold liquid, do not do it quickly - only take slow sips.

- Change your toothbrush more often. Surprisingly, your toothbrush may be supporting or even causing your sore throat, doctors say. It turns out that bacteria accumulate on the bristles, and if the gums are damaged during brushing, they enter the body.

Therefore, as soon as you start to feel that you are getting sick, change your toothbrush to a new one. Often this is enough to stop the disease in its early stages. Also refresh your brush when you feel better. This will protect you from re-inflammation.

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* With caution in case of diabetes mellitus, contains ascorbic acid
1. Instructions for use of the drug Anti-Angin® Formula in lozenge dosage form
2. Instructions for use of the drug Anti-Angin® Formula in the dosage form of lozenges
There are contraindications. Before use, consult a specialist.