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What is tachycardia? Pathological tachycardia - what is it?

Experts note that tachycardia is quite common; approximately 10% of the world's population suffers from it. There are a huge number of reasons for the development of this disease, which often determine how to treat tachycardia in a particular case. Tachycardia is a rapid heartbeat. The norm for a healthy person is from 60 to 80 beats per minute, but with tachycardia the heart rate increases and can reach 100 or more beats per minute.

The main signs of tachycardia:

Infectious or auto-aggressive immune reactions of the cardiovascular system;

How can tachycardia be dangerous?

The heart and its role in the body cannot be underestimated. This workaholic organ is fully formed already in the second month of human embryonic development and continues to work throughout his subsequent life. In an adult, the heart rate per minute falls within the range of 60 to 90 beats. An increase in the number of heart beats in medicine is called tachycardia. To understand why tachycardia is dangerous, let’s take a closer look at the causes and symptoms of this phenomenon.

Most often, tachycardia does not manifest itself as an independent disease, but as a symptom, a peculiar reaction of the heart to impulses from the nervous system, physical activity, or the intake of substances into the body that increase heart rate. This so-called physiological tachycardia does not pose a health hazard, since it is one of our body’s reactions to the natural manifestations of the central nervous system.

Cases of rapid heartbeat in young children and adolescents are not uncommon, as a result of a more active lifestyle, an imbalance of the endocrine and other systems during the development of a young body. Pregnant women also experience occasional attacks. This is mainly due to the fact that the body works with redoubled force, hormonal changes occur, weight increases, and an increased metabolic process begins.

A significant acceleration of heart rate can be caused by active physical exercise, a stressful situation, the effect of caffeine, nicotine and other substances on the body that affect the functioning of the heart. A similar deviation often occurs in patients suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia. During panic attacks, there is a feeling of shortness of breath and a feeling that the heart is about to jump out of the chest. In this state, you need to take a comfortable position, perform breathing exercises, try to relax, and calm down.

Pathological manifestations of tachycardia

Tachycardia can also be observed with the development of pathological processes in the body, malignant tumors, infections of a purulent-inflammatory nature, diseases of the thyroid gland, and low blood pressure. decreased hemoglobin level. In such cases, tachycardia is a concomitant phenomenon. Therefore, when it occurs, a full examination is necessary. Often, with correct diagnosis and timely treatment of any ailment, the symptoms of tachycardia go away.

But sometimes, a rapid heartbeat is a sign of serious diseases of the cardiovascular system. If a heart rhythm failure occurs for no apparent reason, bothers you even in a state of complete rest, and the person does not suffer from a chronic disease or is not undergoing drug treatment, then you should consult a doctor, be examined and identify the true cause. Tachycardia is very dangerous when its symptoms go away against the background of heart disease.

Constant symptoms of tachycardia are dangerous to health

Systematic manifestations of tachycardia cannot be ignored. They can signal more serious diseases occurring in the body. These could be bad teeth, diseases of the genitourinary system, endocrine disorders, or excess weight. All this can greatly burden the work of the heart. The heart muscle itself, working in an intense mode and not receiving proper nutrition, quickly wears out. Which can cause heart rhythm disturbances, deterioration of the elasticity of heart tissue and blood vessels.

What else is dangerous about tachycardia is the lack of oxygen supply to the organs and tissues of the body. Due to too rapid contractions, the ventricles of the heart do not have time to fill with blood and effectively deliver oxygen and nutrients to organs and tissues. Often, oxygen starvation can cause frequent fainting, depletion of the heart muscle, and irreversible changes in metabolism in organs and tissues. With systematic manifestations of tachycardia, heart failure may develop.

Symptoms and prevention of tachycardia

The following symptoms of tachycardia are distinguished:

  • Paroxysmal sudden jumps in heart rate. At the same time, the rhythm itself remains correct;
  • There is general weakness;
  • Dizziness;
  • Feeling of lack of air;
  • Sudden onset of lightheadedness;
  • Feeling of fear, and even panic.

If such symptoms are detected, you should not ignore them; you must undergo a full examination. Only a doctor can determine the type and cause of tachycardia.

To prevent attacks of rapid heartbeat from occurring, it is necessary to follow standard preventive rules. Spend more time in the fresh air, eat a balanced, moderate diet, exercise, quit bad habits. It is important to periodically conduct a complete examination of the body to identify hidden pathologies.. which can cause heart palpitations. Good, complete rest is very important in the prevention of tachycardia. Excellent results can be brought by yoga and various breathing practices according to the Ayurveda system, which will help normalize the emotional state, which also affects the functioning of the heart, strengthens and tempers the body. Be healthy!

Tachycardia: what to do if your heart starts beating faster

If your heart begins to beat faster from happiness, love or an influx of feelings, that’s great! But what should you do if your heartbeat suddenly increases, for no apparent reason? After all, heart rhythm disturbances may indicate the presence of certain pathologies or be a harbinger of very dangerous conditions. In medicine, such an increase in heart rate is called tachycardia. And it is to her that we will devote our today’s article.

Tachyradiation is a sudden increase in heart rate

Physiology of heart rate

Our heart is a special organ that performs a vital function and has a kind of autonomy. The heart rhythm is regulated and controlled not only from the outside – by the autonomic nervous system and endocrine glands, but also from the inside – by the heart’s own conduction system (PCS). This system is represented by special muscle fibers that form the sinus, atrioventricular node located between the ventricles and atria, the His bundle and Purkinje fibers. These specific formations contribute to the rhythmic and sequential contraction of the heart muscle and the sequential pushing of blood from the atria into the ventricles, and then into the bloodstream.

Failures in the functioning of the PCC can cause disturbances in its rhythm, and, consequently, lead to changes in blood flow, blood supply to blood vessels, and blood supply to the heart muscle itself. This in turn causes ischemia. In addition, some types of arrhythmias pose a serious danger not just to health, but to human life itself, as they can even cause cardiac arrest.

In addition to disruptions in the functioning of the PSS, arrhythmias, and in particular tachycardia, can cause disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine or autonomic nervous system. Thus, thyrotoxicosis, or hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, causes an increase in myocardial excitability and, as a result, persistent tachycardia with a heart rate of 120 beats or more. A disease such as pheochromocytoma, or a tumor of the adrenal medulla, is characterized by an increase in the synthesis and release of adrenaline into the blood and an increase in the sympathetic effects of this mediator. Increased heart rate is one of the main symptoms of activation of sympathetic innervation. In itself, the predominance of sympathetic influences over parasympathetic ones is also characterized by an increase in heart rate. This condition can occur when there is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system, better known as vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD).

Whatever the etiology of tachycardia, this condition is considered pathological only if it occurs suddenly, the number of heart beats per minute exceeds 90, and there are no objective reasons for increased heart rate. At the same time, tachycardia can be a completely natural, physiological condition that accompanies severe physical or emotional stress. In this case, the pulse rate increases gradually, with an increase, and also gradually returns to normal (60 to 80 beats/min).

Tachycardia that occurs during exercise is considered normal

Signs of low blood pressure also include tachycardia. In this case, its appearance is compensatory. An increase in heart rate occurs as a response to a decrease in blood supply to the vessels. By contracting faster, the heart tries to throw large volumes of blood into the bloodstream. Such a reflex increase in heart rate against the background of hypotension can also be considered physiological, since it is not associated with the occurrence of pathological areas of excitation.

Types of tachycardia and its symptoms

Cardiac tachycardia is not an independent disease. This is just one of the many symptoms that can accompany quite serious pathologies of the cardiovascular system (CVS). We have already figured out that tachycardia is an increase in heart rate. However, there are several types of tachycardia. According to the simplest classification, all types of tachycardia can be divided into pathological and physiological, as we have already discussed earlier. Pathological tachycardia develops, as a rule, due to the appearance of additional foci of excitation in the heart muscle. Extraordinary impulses are generated here, spreading to neighboring myocardial fibers - extrasystoles.

If the increase in heart contractions is not accompanied by changes in heart rhythm, then they speak of paroxysmal tachycardia. Paroxysms are characterized by a heart rate of more than 90 beats/min, but at the same time the heart rhythm remains smooth and correct.

Tachycardia occurs most often in adults. However, there are cases when increased heart rate also occurs in young patients. As a rule, tachycardia in children develops as a consequence of congenital heart disease. It requires immediate treatment. Often the operation is performed in the first days of the baby’s life. The prognosis for treatment of tachycardia in children is favorable in most cases.

Depending on the location of the source of extrasystoles, supraventricular, ventricular and nodal tachycardia are distinguished. Nodal (sinus) tachycardia can be considered as one of the variants of supraventricular tachycardia. Supraventricular tachycardia itself occurs when additional impulses are generated in the atria.

Supraventricular (supraventricular) tachycardia develops suddenly, the heart seems to “break out” of the chest, the patient feels pulsation without directly palpating the pulse. Heart rate increases to 150 – 250 beats/min. Along with this, a person may experience other symptoms, for example, chest tightness and pain, anxiety, and a feeling of fear of death.

Nodal (sinus) tachycardia can be observed with a strong emotional outburst, excitement, stress

Nodal tachycardia of the heart, the symptoms of which are less pronounced, can be observed with a strong emotional outburst, excitement, or stress. The pulse, as a rule, does not exceed 90 beats per minute. The heart rhythm itself is maintained. The occurrence of sinus tachycardia is classified as a physiological condition.

Ventricular tachycardia is a rather dangerous pathology. Often it is a precursor to myocardial infarction, because when this condition occurs, the heart cannot pump blood effectively and in full, and as a result it is itself in a state of ischemia. But the most dangerous condition is ventricular fibrillation. At the same time, individual myocardial fibers begin to contract, and the frequency of these contractions can reach 600 per minute! The heart cannot withstand such a load and may stop if the patient is not provided with qualified medical care within a few minutes. Diagnosis of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, as well as other types of disease, is carried out by ECG, which clearly shows additional action potential peaks corresponding to the occurrence of extraordinary impulses in cardiomyocytes.

Treatment of tachycardia

So, we found out why cardiac tachycardia is dangerous and what its consequences may be. Now it's time to talk about how to treat this dangerous condition. And since tachycardia is still a symptom and not an independent disease, therapy must begin with the treatment of the underlying pathology. If the causes of tachycardia lie in endocrine disorders, then you first of all need to be examined by an endocrinologist who can prescribe the necessary corrective therapy. However, in some cases, surgical treatment may be required, for example, with an adrenal tumor. If tachycardia is a manifestation of cardiovascular pathologies (myocarditis, coronary artery disease, heart disease), then antiarrhythmic drugs will be prescribed as additional medications for drug therapy.

First aid for stopping an attack of tachycardia includes a medicine such as a solution of lidocaine (1 - 2%), which is administered as an intravenous infusion. Drugs such as verapamil, diltiazem, procainamide and some others are also used. Pulse reduction is also achieved by using potassium supplements, which reduce conductivity in the heart muscle.

To reduce the load on the heart, reduce the reactivity of the conduction system and block sympathetic effects on the heart muscle, drugs from the group of beta blockers are used. Not long ago, during clinical studies, scientists proved that the use of these pharmaceuticals reduces the mortality rate among people suffering from cardiovascular diseases several times.

Tachycardia can be cured exclusively with medication

Among the herbal drugs used to treat tachyarrhythmias, a group of cardiac glycosides should be distinguished. They reduce conductivity in the atrioventricular node, reduce the load on the heart and help reduce the number of heart beats per minute. However, treatment of cardiac tachycardia with cardiac glycosides, as well as the use of other antiarrhythmic drugs, should be carried out under strict medical supervision. In addition, cardiac glycosides are taken according to a special regimen (digitalization principle) and cannot be canceled independently. Such precautions are necessary to prevent the occurrence of atrioventricular block, the main complication of taking cardiac glycosides.

If tachycardia is the result of a strong emotional shock or a stressful situation, then more traditional and well-known remedies, such as Corvalol, Valocardin, Validol tablets and some others, are suitable to eliminate it. They not only help relieve nervous tension and calm down, but also reduce heart rate. In this case, some traditional methods of treatment can also be used. These can be various sedatives, herbal teas, infusions of soothing herbs such as valerian, cyanosis, hops, motherwort, and many other folk remedies.

Tachycardia that occurs for no apparent reason is an alarm bell. But by undergoing a thorough examination and starting timely treatment, you can prevent the occurrence of many serious diseases. Today, there are a huge number of effective methods and pharmacological agents for the treatment of tachycardia, which allow maintaining the patient’s quality of life. However, it is important to remember that any medicine for cardiac tachycardia should be taken only in consultation with a doctor, in order to avoid dangerous consequences for your health. Prevention of tachycardia consists of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, timely treatment of heart and vascular diseases and endocrine disorders, and increasing stress resistance. Be attentive to yourself, and let your heart beat faster only with happiness!

Tachycardia is a condition whose main diagnostic criterion is an increase in heart rate to levels above 100 beats per minute. This pathology, unfortunately, has a number of complications that can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. It is necessary to know the list of drugs for the treatment of cardiac tachycardia and the relief of attacks of paroxysmal acceleration of the heartbeat.

Medicines for the treatment of tachycardia

For the treatment and prevention of tachycardias of various origins, special pharmacological groups of drugs are used that can not only reduce the heart rate, but also eliminate the cause that caused the attack.

Calming (sedative) drugs

Sedatives are pharmacological drugs whose action is aimed at reducing psycho-emotional stress. They are the main drugs for the treatment of psychosomatic pathology, which can cause the development of tachycardia. Medicines in this series can be divided into three groups:

  1. Plant origin.
  2. Synthetic products.
  3. Combined drugs.

Herbal preparations that are effective in the treatment of attacks of tachycardia include:

  • Valerian extract

This medicine has long been well established as a folk remedy for acute and prolonged stress, neuroses and sleep disorders. The drug is able to slow down the heart rate, while dilating blood vessels and improving microcirculation and blood perfusion.

Available in tablet form and also in drop form. Use 1-2 tablets 20 minutes after meals or 30 drops dissolved in plain boiled water 3-4 times a day. The drug is not addictive, the recommended course of treatment is 2–3 weeks.

  • Deprim

A product based on an extract from the herb St. John's wort. It is a natural antidepressant, has a pronounced sedative effect on the body, normalizes mood and sleep.

Allowed for children from the age of six. Available in capsules and tablets. It is recommended to take no more than three tablets per day, divided into doses of 1 tablet at equal intervals; for children under 12 years of age, no more than 1 tablet daily. Take before meals with plain water. The effect is observed two weeks after the start of treatment; therapy must be stopped gradually to prevent withdrawal syndrome.

Synthetic drugs are a group of tranquilizers. Most often, the following medicinal substances from this group are used to treat tachycardia:

  • Afobazole

Non-benzodiazepine tranquilizer. The main property of the drug is to relieve anxiety and relieve nervous tension, restlessness, and normalize sleep. These conditions lead to the development of attacks of sinus tachycardia. It is recommended to use 30 mg per day, divided into three doses at equal intervals, for a course of up to 1–1.5 months. It is recommended to begin treatment during an exacerbation of a psychosomatic illness. The medicine should not be addictive; it should be discontinued gradually, gradually reducing the daily dose over 7–10 days.

  • Adaptol

The drug is also a tranquilizer, has a pronounced sedative effect and is applicable for the treatment of neuroses accompanied by the development of tachycardia symptoms. The drug must be used in monthly courses with a break of 3–6 months. Use 1-2 tablets twice a day. Although the drug does not cause addiction, withdrawal is carried out gradually over a week.

The combined substances in the composition combine plant components and synthetic derivatives. These include:

  • Novo-passit

Just like valerian, it is close to folk remedies, since it contains extracts of medicinal plants that have sedative properties. Due to its calming effect on the nervous system, it gently relieves neuroses and depressive states, reduces the body’s physiological reaction to a stress factor and reduces the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle.

Available in tablet form and in the form of an oral solution. The frequency of preventive treatment is 2–3 times a year, in courses of two to four weeks. It is recommended to take 5 ml or 2 tablets twice a day, respectively.

  • Persen

A herbal medicine, the recipe of which uses the experience and knowledge of traditional healers in the treatment of neurosis-like conditions, insomnia, increased neuro-reflex excitability with a predominance of sympathetic regulation.

Available in tablets, approved for children from the age of twelve. Prescribe 2-3 tablets with a frequency of administration up to three times a day. A good effect is recorded with regular use for at least 2 months. Discontinuation of the drug is permitted abruptly, and no withdrawal syndrome is observed.

Antiarrhythmic drugs

Medicinal compounds of this group are recommended for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias of various origins. They are used for a long time, often for life in old age, under the control of electrocardiographic examination of the heart muscle at least once a month. The main mechanism of action is blocking adrenergic receptors. The means of this group include:

  • Ethacizin

It has found wide use in the treatment of ventricular and supraventricular tachycardias. It has a number of contraindications and side effects, so it is recommended to start using it with small doses under the supervision of an ECG and a doctor in a hospital setting.

The daily dosage of the drug is 150–300 mg, it must be divided into three doses. Once the therapeutic effect is achieved, it is recommended to gradually switch to the minimum effective dose. The therapy is long-term, withdrawal is gradual, under the supervision of a doctor.

  • Adenosine

It is used primarily to relieve supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, as it is able to interrupt impulse transmission through the sinoatrial node without causing ventricular contraction.

Available in the form of a solution for intravenous administration, the bottle contains 1 ml of one percent active ingredient. Approved in pediatric practice at the rate of 50 mcg per kg of weight. The maximum single dosage does not exceed 12 mg.

  • Amiodarone

The mechanism of action of the drug is based on slowing the conduction of the atrioventricular node. Due to this, the heart rate slows down, ejection fraction improves, and coronary blood flow improves. Thanks to its mechanism, it is effective in the treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, various extrasystoles, especially against the background of ischemic processes in the myocardium.

Available in tablet form. The initial dosage, divided into 2-3 doses, is 0.6–0.8 g. In 2 weeks, a total dose of 10 g is reached, after which maintenance therapy is carried out at a dosage of 0.1–0.4 g per day. In a hospital setting, achieving a total dose of 10 g occurs in an accelerated manner within 5–8 days.

Beta blockers

They have the property of reducing heart rate by blocking adrenergic receptors. Widely used for the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive type. The most common and effective medications:

  • Metoprolol

It has a cardioselective effect, acting in isolation only on beta-2 receptors of the heart muscle. Suppresses the action of sympathy, which allows you to quickly reduce heart rate and blood pressure.

The maximum daily dosage is 200 mg. It is achieved gradually, if the effect develops at a lower dose, then the build-up stops. It is taken once, regardless of food intake; it is recommended to take it in the morning.

  • Bisoprolol

The mechanism of action is identical to metoprolol.
You should start taking it with 5 mg once, if necessary, gradually increasing the dose to 10 mg. It is recommended to take it in the morning on an empty stomach with a small amount of water.

If channel inhibitors

By selectively blocking if channels located in the sinus node, a negative chronotropic effect is achieved. This allows you to reduce the frequency of ventricular contractions. Blood supply increases during diastole. By improving coronary blood flow, blood supply to heart tissue improves. As a result, there is a decrease in signs of ischemia. Recommended drug of this group:

  • Ivabradine (trade name Coraxan)

It is the first drug in this group. It has a pronounced pulse-lowering effect without the formation of a negative inotropic effect, while heart rate decreases not only at rest, but also during physical activity. It has antianginal and anti-ischemic properties, due to which it is used in the treatment of coronary artery disease.

Cardiac glycosides

They have a positive inotropic effect, that is, due to a decrease in heart rate, the duration of diastole and stroke volume of blood during systole increase. Recommended for combined treatment of ischemic heart disease and tachyarrhythmias. Representatives of this group include:

  • Digoxin

Synthesized from the poisonous foxglove plant. It has found its use for the treatment of heart and tachyarrhythmias mainly of supraventricular origin.

The drug is used in doses of 0.75 mg to 1.5 mg, divided into 2 doses. Reception is monitored using an ECG. Upon achieving the goal - reducing tachycardia - they switch to the minimum required dose. The therapy is long-term.

Calcium antagonists

Some drugs in this group can reduce the contractility of myocardiocytes by slowing conduction through the AV node, thereby causing. The drugs of choice are:

  • Verapamil

It is available in the form of tablets and solutions for intravenous administration, so it can be used both for long-term therapy and prevention of tachycardia, and for stopping an attack of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Applicable to all age categories.

Tablets for the treatment of tachycardia are prescribed to adults in an amount of no more than 120 mg. Take three times a day, preferably at regular intervals. The maximum dose is 480 mg/day. The injectable form is prescribed only by a doctor. The maximum daily dose is no more than 100 mg.

  • Diltiazem

Used intravenously to relieve attacks of cardiac tachycardia.

Drugs for the treatment of tachycardia are prescribed only by a doctor, based on preliminary in-depth diagnosis and establishment of the cause of the pathology. Folk remedies are just as good for treating the disease as medications.

Modern people are often exposed to stress, emotional and physical stress, and therefore the problem of tachycardia does not fade into the background, but rather becomes relevant in our time. Doctors say that tachycardia worries approximately 11% of people living on the planet. There are many reasons causing this pathology. It is on them that the treatment of a person for tachycardia in a particular case depends. So let’s talk about what tachycardia is, what it is and how to treat a person in order to improve his well-being.

What is tachycardia and what are its signs?

Tachycardia is a rapid heartbeat. If we talk about the normal heart rate (heart rate) per minute, then it is 60 - 80 beats. If these indicators are exceeded, the question of tachycardia arises. The main symptoms of the disease include the following:

Pain in the chest area;
dizziness and darkening of the eyes;
short-term loss of consciousness;
rapid heartbeat at rest, lasting from several minutes to two to three hours (sometimes more).

Tachycardia: what are the types?

The disease comes in two forms: physiological tachycardia and pathological. The first occurs against the background of stress, anxiety, emotional states, increased body or environmental temperature, and consumption of large amounts of alcohol or drinks containing caffeine. The second form is divided into several types and signals the occurrence of some problems in the body; it develops due to congenital and acquired diseases of the heart or other organs.

Causes of tachycardia

The following conditions observed in the human body lead to the development of the disease:
autonomic disorders;
diseases of the endocrine system;
the presence of intoxication of the body;
drinking alcoholic beverages in large quantities, smoking;
various infectious diseases;
cardiac pathologies (congenital and acquired);
anemia occurring in acute or chronic form;
respiratory failure;
menopause;
the presence of neuroses or psychoses.

When should you hesitate to see a doctor?

If a person suffering from tachycardia experiences a deterioration in their condition, they should immediately consult a doctor. This should be done if:

Attacks of tachycardia began to recur more often, their intensity increased or their duration increased;
during attacks, chest pain, shortness of breath or dizziness began to appear;
swelling of the lower extremities is observed;
there was a feeling of heaviness in the hypochondrium on the right;
attacks of cardiac asthma appeared.

How to get rid of tachycardia?

Medicines and more...

Chronic tachycardia of a pathological nature is one of the symptoms of other diseases. That is why, to get rid of tachycardia, first of all, it is necessary to treat the disease that provokes it.

First, you should review your daily menu, excluding from your diet drinks the consumption of which provokes a rapid heartbeat. This includes coffee, strongly brewed tea, and various types of alcohol. You shouldn’t overeat either; you need to eat often, but the portions should be small.

It happens that tachycardia goes away without medications. This happens among young and middle-aged people who have reviewed and changed their lifestyle.

If palpitations are caused by cardiac pathology, then you need to visit a cardiologist and undergo a full examination, after which the doctor will prescribe treatment.

If tachycardia is provoked by a stressful situation, then it is necessary to take sedatives.

If you are overweight, remove high-calorie foods from your diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, and exercise.

Drug therapy is prescribed by the doctor after studying the results of the electrocardiogram. As a rule, the doctor can prescribe medications such as: reserpine, verapamil, Pulsnorma, beta blockers, digoxin. It is important to remember that only a doctor can select the right drug, taking into account the individual manifestations of tachycardia and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Traditional medicine recipes in the fight against tachycardia

Alternative medicine offers a large number of recipes from medicinal plants to treat various ailments. There are also ones to combat heart palpitations. Let's look at some of them.

1. Adonis helps. The recipe is very simple: you need to add a teaspoon of spring adonis to a glass of boiling water and boil for a quarter of an hour. Then leave the broth until completely cooled under a closed lid, strain and take one tablespoon several times a day.

2. The most effective and long-known medicine for tachycardia is hawthorn. To obtain an infusion, you need to take a full tablespoon of hawthorn flowers and pour 300 ml of boiling water, leave covered for 25 minutes, after which you can take 100 ml 3 times a day. Continue taking the infusion until symptoms disappear.

3. Using this recipe gives very good results. You should take the following ingredients: medium lemon (4 pieces), almonds (18), indoor geranium leaves (16), 250 ml of honey, tincture of valerian and hawthorn (10 grams each), camphor grains (6). All of the listed components must be placed in a mixer to beat and obtain a more or less homogeneous mass. The resulting mixture should be stored in the refrigerator, taking a tablespoon in the morning, immediately after waking up.

Why is cardiac tachycardia dangerous?

Tachycardia carries a certain risk for human health, because during attacks the heart works in an increased mode, as they say, to wear and tear. What changes can occur with this pathology?

1. If tachycardia lasts for a long time, then even in a healthy heart heart failure develops; prolonged tachycardia can lead to the development of heart failure, a decrease in blood pressure, and the appearance of other rhythm disturbances.
2. It is possible to develop a heart attack and coronary heart disease due to disturbances that occur in the blood supply to the heart muscle.
3. If tachycardia appears in a patient suffering from heart failure, then there is a risk of developing pulmonary edema, as well as acute disruption of the blood supply to the brain.
4. A special danger of tachycardia is that it is possible to develop such a serious complication as thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery or cerebral vessels.
5. If a patient is diagnosed with myocardial infarction and develops ventricular tachycardia, then this condition can provoke ventricular fibrillation of the heart and cause sudden death.

Prevention of tachycardia

Preventing the development of tachycardia, first of all, consists of treating the disease that provokes rapid heartbeat. You should also be periodically examined to identify chronic diseases and timely treatment. Such foci of inflammation include:

Teeth affected by caries or in need of extraction;
sore gums;
nasopharyngeal diseases,
diseases of the genitourinary system and others.
atherosclerosis of heart vessels.

To summarize, it should be noted that the patient can get rid of tachycardia if complex treatment is carried out, prescribed by a doctor and carried out under his supervision. Self-medication of tachycardia, like any other disease, can lead to undesirable consequences. The treatment process includes:

Use of medications;
medicinal herbs and other components of traditional medicine;
enriching the body with vitamins;
taking dietary supplements for preventive purposes;
carrying out sanatorium-resort treatment;
balancing nutrition.

Conclusion

We talked about the disease tachycardia, whether it is dangerous, we discussed it. Of course, any disease is dangerous to our body and requires timely monitoring by medical professionals.

Final advice: only a doctor should treat tachycardia in pregnant women and children.

Tachycardia in the most general sense is an increase in heart rate of more than 100 per minute. Tachycardia is both a clinical and an electrocardiographic term, that is, this word can appear both in a doctor’s description of the patient’s condition and in the conclusion of an electrocardiogram (ECG). In our article we will look at tachycardia as an electrocardiographic term, its symptoms and treatment.

The ECG report may describe the following types of tachycardia:

  • sinus;
  • supraventricular;
  • ventricular


Sinus tachycardia may be caused by medications or excessive consumption of caffeinated drinks.

The source of heart rhythm in sinus tachycardia is the sinus node. The sinus node is a formation that normally generates electrical impulses that excite the heart muscle. Typically, the frequency of such impulses at rest is from 60 to 100 per minute. When the sinus rate increases to more than 100 per minute, we speak of sinus tachycardia.

Causes

  • imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the heart;
  • damage to the sinus node with;
  • the influence of infection, toxins, hypoxia, elevated body temperature.

Sinus tachycardia is a normal response of the body to stress. It appears during fast walking, climbing stairs and other physical activity. The cause of tachycardia can be strong negative and positive emotions. After the cessation of stress, such tachycardia quickly (within a few minutes) disappears.

If a person leads a sedentary lifestyle, his untrained heart responds by developing tachycardia to slight physical activity.

In young adults, sinus tachycardia is often associated with an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, accompanied by increased sympathetic tone and/or decreased vagal activity. This condition is characteristic of neurocirculatory dystonia. Increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system occurs with mitral valve prolapse. Tachycardia may accompany damage to the central nervous system or convulsive syndromes. In addition, it can be caused by reflex effects in diseases of internal organs, for example, the stomach and pancreas.

Sinus tachycardia is a common symptom of heart disease. These include heart defects, myocardial infarction, hypertension and many other diseases.
Infectious diseases often have a direct toxic effect on the heart, which is accompanied by the development of tachycardia. Metabolic products that accumulate in the body during renal or liver failure increase the heart rate. One of the most common causes of heart palpitations is an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).

Sinus tachycardia appears with abuse of coffee, strong tea, energy drinks, and smoking. It may be a consequence of taking certain medications.

Sinus tachycardia occurs with fever. An increase in body temperature by 1˚C leads to an increase in heart rate by 8–10 per minute.

Tachycardia accompanies any conditions associated with oxygen starvation (short-term stay at high altitudes, lung diseases, etc.).

Symptoms and diagnosis


In some cases, tachycardia is detected only during an objective examination (determining the pulse rate, auscultation of the heart).

Attacks of sinus tachycardia may be accompanied by vegetative manifestations: trembling, sweating, profuse urine.

Sinus tachycardia is diagnosed using an ECG, as well as using 24-hour ECG monitoring.


Treatment

It is necessary to find the cause of sinus tachycardia, and then treat this disease.

Symptomatic treatment may include psychotherapy, sedatives, and in some cases beta-blockers.

If sinus tachycardia is caused by physiological reasons, it is not dangerous.


Supraventricular tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia is also called supraventricular tachycardia. It is divided into two forms: atrial and from the atrioventricular junction (A-V nodal).

Supraventricular tachycardia does not occur in healthy people and is always a symptom of heart disease. Its development is associated with increased electrical activity of areas of the conduction system of the heart located in the atria or atrioventricular junction. The resulting attacks of tachycardia suppress the normal activity of the sinus node.

Reasons

Sometimes the cause of supraventricular tachycardia cannot be determined. It is believed to be associated with myocardial damage that cannot be detected by conventional methods. This mechanism occurs most often in children and young people.

Supraventricular tachycardia can accompany lung diseases, and also be a symptom of coronary heart disease, myocardial dystrophy, heart defects, myocarditis and other heart diseases.

Supraventricular tachycardia may be a manifestation.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Supraventricular tachycardia usually has a rate of 140 to 220 per minute. The patient most often feels attacks of palpitations, accompanied by various individual sensations of “freezing”, “interruptions”, “butterflies” in the area of ​​the heart, chest, and neck.

Attacks (paroxysms) of supraventricular tachycardia may be accompanied by a feeling of lack of air, nausea, and dizziness. Quite often, paroxysms are asymptomatic.
In severe cases, attacks of loss of consciousness, squeezing or pressing pain behind the sternum, and severe shortness of breath are possible. Poor circulation can even lead to cardiogenic shock, especially in severe heart disease.

To diagnose this arrhythmia, an ECG and 24-hour ECG monitoring are required. In some cases, it is additionally carried out.
In a patient with supraventricular tachycardia, it is recommended to rule out hyperthyroidism.

Treatment

When an attack of palpitations occurs, first of all it is necessary to perform so-called vagal tests. The most common and safest of them is the test with straining and holding your breath. There are other techniques that you should ask your cardiologist about.

An attack can be relieved using transesophageal cardiac stimulation or electrical pulse therapy in a hospital setting.

Drug therapy most often begins with beta-blockers. If they are ineffective, antiarrhythmic drugs of other groups (propafenone, allapinin and others) can be used. Amiodarone is sometimes prescribed, especially when combined with ventricular arrhythmias.

If drug treatment is ineffective, as well as with frequent attacks in young people, an intracardiac electrophysiological study and destruction (“cauterization”) of areas of the cardiac conduction system with increased activity are performed. This operation is called “radiofrequency ablation” and is especially indicated for tachycardia from the atrioventricular junction.

Sometimes a pacemaker is installed.

Supraventricular tachycardia is not particularly dangerous and does not impair work ability in cases where there are no other myocardial diseases. If the cause of arrhythmia is heart disease, the prognosis is determined by this disease.

Ventricular tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia is a severe heart rhythm disturbance. It occurs with increased electrical activity in areas of the conduction system of the heart located in the ventricles. It manifests itself as a sudden increase in heart rate up to 140 beats per minute or more. Ventricular tachycardia threatens the patient’s life, as it is dangerous in itself, and can also transform into ventricular fibrillation.

Reasons

The most common cause of ventricular tachycardia is coronary heart disease, in particular acute and its consequences.

Much less often, ventricular tachycardia accompanies other heart diseases (myocarditis, myocardial dystrophy, heart defects, amyloidosis).

In rare cases, the cause of this arrhythmia cannot be determined (especially in young people, in which case the disease is called idiopathic ventricular tachycardia). Ventricular tachycardia can occur against the background of the so-called sports heart during intense physical activity and lead to sudden death.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Sometimes ventricular tachycardia is not felt by the patient. This most often occurs in young people with an idiopathic form of arrhythmia.

In other cases, ventricular tachycardia may be accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, squeezing or pressing pain in the chest.

This arrhythmia is diagnosed using an ECG, transesophageal and intracardiac electrophysiological study. Additionally, it is recommended to conduct echocardiography to clarify the causes of tachycardia.

Treatment

Arrhythmia attacks can be relieved with medications or electrical cardioversion (electrical pulse therapy).

To prevent paroxysms, long-term use of medications (amiodarone, sotalol and others) is usually prescribed.

If drug treatment is ineffective, implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (a type of pacemaker) is indicated, which, when a paroxysm of arrhythmia occurs, independently stops it and returns normal heart function.

In some cases, radiofrequency ablation of areas with increased activity can help.
Once a cardiac aneurysm forms, surgical removal is possible.

Patients with severe forms of ventricular tachycardia are candidates for heart transplantation.

Video "Supraventricular tachycardia" (English)

Video "Ventricular tachycardia" (English)

The disease is most often determined by organic pathologies of the heart. It is primarily diagnosed for myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Predisposing factors are important in the development of progressive tachycardia. First of all, this is the frequent use of tonic drinks (coffee, alcohol, energy drinks). Also, cardiac activity is affected by an unhealthy lifestyle, physical fatigue, and the presence of bad habits.

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Fusiform tachycardia

There are several forms of the pathological condition, which are characterized by a connection with the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Also, in women, the clinical picture of the represented rhythm disorder is more often identified and more pronounced than in men. According to the results of some studies, it was possible to conclude that fusiform tachycardia often develops against the background of dysplasia of the connective tissue of the heart. Such disorders obviously depend on genetic predispositions, so one of the reasons for the appearance of cardiac disorders is unfavorable heredity.

There are reliable reasons for the development of fusiform tachycardia, determined with a normal QT interval. First of all, this is a professional sport. The so-called athlete's heart most often suffers from imaginary palpitations. Other reasons are arrhythmic drugs and heart disease. The chronic course of the disease is characteristic of cardiosclerosis and cardiomyopathy.

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Flickering tachycardia

The pathological condition is, in fact, a complication of other diseases, most often cardiovascular. The development of heartbeat involves the formation of ectopic foci, which begin to intensively generate pathological impulses. Pathological foci, in turn, are formed due to destruction, ischemia, dystrophy, and inflammation of the heart muscle. Similar processes are observed in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, and heart defects, so these pathologies are most often accompanied by rapid heartbeat.

Flickering tachycardia is often diagnosed in those who like to overeat and drink alcoholic beverages. Therefore, after joyful holidays, an irregular accelerated heart rhythm most often develops. The pathological condition is determined against the background of diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, and hypertension. There are also a number of predisposing factors that provoke the development of flickering tachycardia. In particular, we are talking about excessive stress, physical activity, smoking, and improper use of certain medications.

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Extreme tachycardia

This rhythm disturbance is a characteristic complication of many pathological conditions. Often occurs against the background of traumatic lesions, wounds, shock and allergic reactions. This designation is most often used in the intensive care lexicon, since it is in the intensive care unit that special devices are installed that monitor the slightest changes in the patient’s condition. When the heart rate reaches the upper limit of permissible values, a signal is triggered, notifying about the development of extremely rapid heartbeat.

Extreme tachycardia is most often provoked by those conditions that border on critical. First of all, this is shock and collapse, in which the blood vessels sharply narrow and the heart begins to contract at a very fast pace (heart rate depends on age). The presented rhythm disturbance is especially pronounced in organic heart diseases: myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, etc.

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Physiological sinus tachycardia

The presented rhythm disturbance is a normal reaction of the body, unless a rapid heartbeat is detected in a calm state. A variety of factors can contribute to the development of physiological sinus tachycardia. The most common are physical stress and emotional distress. During their development, adrenaline is released, which accelerates cardiac activity.
Physiological sinus tachycardia often develops when the microclimate changes, when a person quickly moves from one climate zone to another by means of a flight. Or you climb a mountain where there is thinner air, which causes the heart to contract more often so that the required amount of oxygen reaches the brain. Slightly different mechanisms operate with a sharp increase in body temperature or the use of cardiotonic medications, but as a result, the same as in the first case, the heart rate increases.

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Transient tachycardia

The pathology is a rapidly transient condition, so it is often not possible not only to identify the cause of its occurrence, but also to actually detect the rhythm disturbance. If this is nevertheless possible to achieve, then the provoking factor is often a strong emotional shock, physical overstrain, or significant pain.

Transient tachycardia is most often recorded in the intensive care unit, where it is possible to monitor any change in the patient’s condition. In such cases, it is possible to detect a rapid heartbeat due to a rare rise in temperature or surges in blood pressure. Finally, the presence of bad habits, the use of alcoholic and tonic drinks should be highlighted as the cause of rhythm disturbances.

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Extrasystolic tachycardia

The pathology is a combination of extrasystole and tachycardia. Both types of rhythm disturbances appear most often in the following diseases: hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, arterial hypertension, and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Also, severe infectious processes can cause the simultaneous appearance of extrasystole and rapid heartbeat.

Extrasystolic tachycardia is a frequent companion to various organic heart lesions. Cardiomyopathy, dystrophy, ischemia, and inflammation of the heart muscle contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of rhythm disturbances. Sometimes the patient may not be aware of the presence of cardiac pathology. In such cases, extrasystolic tachycardia acts as a kind of marker, since research is carried out and the main cause of the cardiac disorder is determined.

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Junctional tachycardia

The formation of the presented pathology is based on the splitting of the atrioventricular node, which causes the formation of pathological circulation of impulses. It is believed that such a defect is associated with a mutation of certain genes; such changes occur during the intrauterine development of a child. Today, researchers are searching for mutated genes that are responsible for the development of rhythm disturbances and, possibly, other cardiovascular diseases.

Junctional tachycardia most often develops when the body is exposed to the following factors: experiencing frequent stress, lack of maintaining physical fitness, or vice versa, physical overexertion. Smoking and drinking alcohol also have a negative effect on the heart, so patients with such habits are more likely to develop rapid heartbeat and other cardiovascular diseases.

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Left ventricular tachycardia

It is the result of acute or long-term diseases of the cardiovascular system. It manifests itself in various forms and the reliable reasons for the appearance of the pathology are not fully known. It is assumed that men aged 15-40 years are at risk. Paroxysms occur to a lesser extent in older people.
Left ventricular tachycardia often manifests itself in a calm state, although episodes of rapid heartbeat can be observed during physical activity.

Provoking factors are often stressful situations, taking beta-agonists. In these pathologies, an ectopic focus is formed in the left ventricle, from which additional impulses emerge, circulating in a re-entry type. Sometimes an overdose of digoxin also leads to left ventricular tachycardia, but the wave of excitation in this case is formed due to increased automaticity in the area of ​​the His bundles.

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Pacemaker tachycardia

Implantation of an electrical stimulator is considered the main cause of the presenting rhythm disorder. It is noted that if ventriculoatrial conduction was recorded before surgery using an electrocardiogram, then the risk of developing pacemaker tachycardia increases several times. Also, the type of implanted pacemaker has a certain role in cardiac dysfunction; for example, with two-chamber localization of electrodes, circular pacemaker tachycardia is more often observed.

The provoking factor for the development of pacemaker tachycardia is considered to be a sharp increase in the threshold of stimulation or resistance, premature discharge of the device battery, breakdown and change of location of the electrode. In some cases, there is a connection between the rhythm disorder and the development of pneumothorax, post-implantation infection, and activation of the phrenic nerve.

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Sinoatrial tachycardia

With the development of various cardiovascular pathologies, structural and functional heterogeneities can form, which negatively affect cardiac activity, in particular, causing sinoatrial tachycardia. The propagation of the wave of excitation following from the main pacemaker begins to pass with greater intensity, which in turn manifests itself as a rapid heartbeat.
Sinoatrial tachycardia often develops against the background of lower myocardial infarction. Favorable conditions for the appearance of rhythm disturbances are created when a patient has heart defects or coronary heart disease. With organic heart lesions, the likelihood of sinoatrial tachycardia occurring is higher than with non-cardiac diseases.

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Recurrent tachycardia

Often the pathology is determined in childhood, while any signs of organic heart damage are usually absent. Concomitant autonomic disorders or psychological disorders may be observed. But most often, changes in cardiac activity are associated with heredity, since even during intrauterine development, in 40% of cases, the fetus is diagnosed with a rapid heartbeat.

The development of recurrent tachycardia is often associated with anemic conditions, congenital heart defects, hyperthyroidism, and dehydration. In some cases, it is not possible to establish a reliable cause for the development of rhythm disturbances, then a psycho-emotional disorder is presumably indicated, especially if the child is over three years old.

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Intercostal tachycardia

The occurrence of rapid heartbeat is directly related to intercostal neuralgia. This pathology is an inflammation of the peripheral nerves passing along the lower edge of the ribs. Since the inflammatory process is accompanied by severe pain, the sympathetic part of the nervous system is activated, which in turn provokes increased cardiac activity.

Since intercostal tachycardia depends on the occurrence of neuralgia, it is important to know why this pathology develops. The main causes include metabolic disorders, traumatic lesions of the thoracic vertebra or chest, herpetic infection, and aortic aneurysm. But most often, intercostal neuralgia appears due to acute muscle spasm, which is often caused by ordinary hypothermia (draft) after intense work.

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Ischemic tachycardia

It most often manifests itself in older people, since after 55 years the physiological aging of the myocardium begins. The heart muscle becomes more susceptible to the influence of various factors, as a result of which even poor nutrition or a sedentary lifestyle can lead to coronary circulation disorder and, as a result, ischemia with rapid heartbeat. At a young age, various ischemic changes in the myocardium also began to occur, but they are more often associated with psycho-emotional overload.

Ischemic tachycardia most often develops against the background of coronary artery disease, which in turn occurs due to the development of myocarditis, cardiomyodystrophy, heart defects, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, and increased “thickness” of blood. It is important to know the risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing palpitations due to ischemia. These include male gender, the presence of bad habits, a family history of coronary diseases, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and high blood cholesterol.

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Functional tachycardia

This disturbance of cardiac activity is mainly associated with noncardiac diseases, which, through activation of the pacemaker, in one way or another affect myocardial contractility. Such mechanisms may depend on hormonal levels, the functioning of the nervous system, and the presence of bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol). First of all, it is worth mentioning such causes of the appearance of functional tachycardia as hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, tumor diseases of the hormone-synthesizing endocrine glands (adrenal glands, pituitary gland).

In the development of functional tachycardia, the nervous system and especially its autonomic department play a significant role. In the presence of pathological conditions in the form of panic attacks, neuroses, sympathetic-adrenal crises, and prolonged depression, a rapid heartbeat often develops. Therefore, eliminating these diseases helps improve the general condition of the patient.


Rhythmic tachycardia

First of all, it is necessary to highlight the main risk factors that create favorable conditions for the development of rhythmic tachycardia. Emotional stress and physical activity most often contribute to the appearance of rhythm disturbances. There is also a high probability of an accelerated heartbeat if you have bad habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol and improper use of certain medications (cardiac glycosides).

Rhythmic tachycardia is a complication of a number of organic heart lesions (heart defects, myocarditis). Some metabolic disorders associated with potassium and magnesium deficiency also lead to rapid heartbeat. It is important to know that the most unfavorable pathologies in terms of the occurrence of rhythm disturbances are considered to be hyperthyroidism, hypertension, anemia, heart defects, and myocardial surgery.

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Non-paroxysmal tachycardia

Rhythm disturbances may be associated with a number of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system or other organs. Most often, the causes include arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cor pulmonale, and myocardial inflammation. Some drugs, such as cardiac glycosides, can also provoke the development of non-paroxysmal tachycardia. A similar situation exists with potassium deficiency in the blood.

The appearance of non-paroxysmal tachycardia was noted during or after surgery. The presented pathology is often diagnosed in childhood, but then it is not always possible to accurately establish the cause of the disease. In such cases, doctors tend to suspect neurological disorders.

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Antidromic tachycardia

In congenital WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome, antidromic tachycardia is most often determined. The development of the syndrome may be associated with a different number of additional channels for conducting impulses (bundles of Kent) and the severity of tachycardia largely depends on this. It is known that during the passage of impulses through these channels, the atrioventricular node is bypassed, as a result of which the heart rate accelerates.
According to its physiological characteristics, the Kent bundle is an abnormal formation consisting of conductive fibers of the heart muscle. Most often, pathological communication is formed between the atria and ventricles. Sometimes it can only pass between the atria and then they talk about supraventricular antidromic tachycardia (antidromic SVT).

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Polymorphic tachycardia

The results of recent studies have shown that the rhythm disorder presented is associated with genetic mutations. When the structure of genes changes, the functioning of ion channels that are directly involved in the communication of cardiomyocytes with the environment occurs. It is not yet completely clear how much the gene mutation affects the clinical picture of the disease, but some connections can definitely be traced.
The risk of developing polymorphic tachycardia increases several times if the following factors are determined. Previously, she had suffered from ventricular fibrillation, cases of sudden death are known in the family line, the presence of frequent physical activity, the first signs of the disease were diagnosed in childhood.

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Hormonal tachycardia

The main reason for the appearance of a rhythm disorder is a change in hormonal levels in the body. A similar case occurs at different ages; hormonal imbalance is especially pronounced in diseases such as thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, and acromegaly.
Hormonal tachycardia most often manifests itself during the following hormonal changes: taking contraceptives, pregnancy and the postpartum period, menopause, menarche.

Also, the cause of the pathology can be hyperfunction of the gonads, which is often observed in both women and men. In each case, a thorough examination of the patient is required before a diagnosis of hormonal tachycardia is made.

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Idiopathic tachycardia

The disease is quite complex in its development, which has not been fully studied and it is not always possible to establish reliable reasons for its development. In some cases, there is a connection between rhythm disturbances and mental illness. Sometimes palpitations occur while taking certain medications, which in turn affect ventricular contractility and the activity of the sinus node.

Idiopathic tachycardia is often inherited. It is not yet known which specific genes are responsible for this; most likely the cause is a mutation in the SCN5A gene. However, if close relatives of the patient had a rapid heartbeat and were diagnosed with idiopathic tachycardia, then there is a high probability of transmitting the pathology to subsequent generations.

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Orthostatic tachycardia

There are various reasons for the occurrence of rhythm disturbances, and today it is not completely clear which one is the primary one. In particular, some researchers associate orthostatic tachycardia with a disorder of the innervation of the lower extremities by the sympathetic part of the nervous system. At the same time, the innervation of the heart by the sympathetic department remains the same. The second option is autonomic neuropathies, which often occur after infectious diseases. In addition, immune-dependent conditions contribute to the development of pathology.

Orthostatic tachycardia, according to some experts, may occur due to disturbances in venous functions, combined with changes in the activity of baroreceptors. Nevertheless, the greatest role in the development of pathology is assigned to increased sympathetic activity. If it is present, in some patients who are in a calm state, an increased amount of norepinephrine is determined, which in turn leads to an increase in heart rate.

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Orthodromic tachycardia

Rhythm disturbance is primarily associated with a congenital pathology - the bundle of Kent, which is directly involved in the formation of the circular passage of the impulse according to the re-entry type. This pathway bypasses the atrioventricular node and directly connects the atria to the ventricles. Therefore, there is a faster transmission of impulses and, as a result, an increased heart rate. This congenital pathology is also referred to as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Orthodromic tachycardia can be provoked by other factors. This may be smoking, alcohol abuse, psycho-emotional stress and excessive physical activity. If you have a history of frequent myocarditis, myocardial infarction, rheumatism and other cardiovascular diseases, then this can also cause rapid heartbeat.

Reciprocal tachycardia often develops in the presence of acquired causes. This may be rheumatism, coronary heart disease, myocarditis, myocardial infarction. In some cases, the appearance of rhythm disturbances is facilitated by alcohol abuse, emotional experiences, and physical activity.

Supraventricular tachycardia

There are many pathological conditions in which there is an increase in heart rate with localization of ectopic foci in the atria. First of all, rhythm disturbances are associated with cardiac diseases: coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart defects, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis. During the development of these pathologies, the structure of the heart and the normal functioning of the organ’s conduction system are disrupted, therefore the risk of developing various rhythm disturbances, including tachycardia, increases.

Supraventricular tachycardia may result from a disorder of the autonomic nervous system. In particular, an increase in the activity of the sympathetic division of the ANS leads to an increase in heart rate. Also, rhythm disturbances may be associated with other extracardiac conditions: osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, improper use of certain medications, bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol).

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Arterial tachycardia

Tachycardia as a symptom can occur against the background of various diseases, including vascular disorders. There are two large groups of factors contributing to the appearance of arterial tachycardia. The first is hypertension, that is, increased pressure in the circulatory system. The second is hypotension, when blood pressure in the vessels decreases. Hypertension can develop as an independent disease and is called arterial hypertension. During hypertensive crises, in addition to an increase in pressure, a rapid heartbeat is observed, so in such cases we can talk about arterial tachycardia.
In addition to arterial hypertension, there are a number of diseases that also contribute to increased blood pressure and the appearance of tachycardia. These are pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, heart defects, coarctation of the aorta. What is cervical dystonia Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin that is found in many foods, but most of all it is in citrus fruits.