Psychological support for convicts who are disabled. Technology for conducting social work in correctional facilities with elderly and disabled prisoners
All social work with convicted disabled people during their stay in correctional institutions is carried out by correctional institution employees (primarily social workers, medical workers, squad leaders and psychologists). In Russia, social work in the penitentiary sphere as an independent type of professional activity began to take shape in 2001. This is due to the transformation of penal policy towards humanization, i.e. respecting the rights of convicts, ensuring optimal conditions for serving their sentences, and returning to society.
Representatives of public organizations and religious denominations may be involved in this work, providing assistance in this work of the penal system. Practice shows that managers, as well as social, educational and medical services of correctional institutions, on the basis of cooperation agreements concluded with various organizations, primarily create opportunities for weakly protected categories of convicts, which include convicted disabled people, to receive social assistance from them.
The main tasks of social work in a correctional institution are:
- ? organizing and ensuring social protection for all categories of convicts, especially those in need (pensioners, disabled people, those who have lost family ties, those transferred from correctional colonies, the elderly, those suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, those without a fixed place of residence, patients with incurable or intractable diseases);
- ? assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving the sentence;
- ? assistance in the social development of the convicted person, including improving their social culture, developing social needs, changing normative value orientations, increasing the level of social self-control;
- ? helping convicts find a socially acceptable environment for them, a point of social interest (work, family, religion, art, etc.);
- ? development and strengthening of socially useful connections between the convicted person and the outside world;
- ? assistance to the convicted person in obtaining assistance from specialists.
The organization of social work with convicted disabled people begins with identifying and recording persons of this category. It is necessary first of all to establish: their state of health, the presence of work experience and the right to receive a pension after release, family ties, specialties, motivation and goals of life, the most characteristic mental states, behavioral anomalies.
Disability pensions are issued after the convicted person is recognized as disabled, which is carried out in the manner prescribed by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2006 No. 95 “On the procedure and conditions for recognizing a person as disabled.” A medical and social examination of a convicted person is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the public service institution regulating these issues. The application, referral and other medical documents confirming the violation of his health are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is being held to the territorial institutions of the state medical and social examination service. To draw up an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person, examination of convicts in institutions of the state medical and social examination service is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional institution where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.
If a convicted person is recognized as disabled, a MSEC certificate in the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. An extract from the certificate of examination at the institution of the state medical and social examination service of a convicted person recognized as disabled is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution for assignment, recalculation and organization of payment of a pension. And an extract from the examination report on the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability and the need for additional types of assistance is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. In case of release from a correctional institution of a convicted person whose disability has not expired, a MSEC certificate is issued to him.
Payment of pensions assigned to those sentenced to imprisonment is made from the date of sentencing, but not earlier than July 1, 1997 and in all cases not earlier than the day from which the pension was assigned. To organize the payment of pensions to convicts who received a pension before their conviction, the administration of the correctional institution sends to the body providing pensions a list and a certificate for each convict about his stay in a correctional institution. The body providing pensions checks the information specified in the list and, if necessary, requests pension files and other documents required to open payments.
After the release of a disabled person from places of imprisonment, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of imprisonment and a registration document issued by the registration authorities. And after all the necessary documents are collected and completed, he will again receive a pension.
When working with convicted disabled people, a social work specialist relies on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of the disease. This can be achieved if we proceed from the basic principle of social work with this category of convicts - to make their lives active. Since people with disabilities pay special attention to their health and try to find ways to maintain it, organizing a series of lectures and conversations on medical and social topics is important. In the correctional institution's club, library, and in detachments, corners or stands with special medical and educational literature, clippings from periodicals, health and educational posters designed for convicted disabled people can be equipped: “How to maintain health,” “How to cope with a serious illness.” , “Society needs your experience and knowledge,” etc.
Health education is an integral and integral part of the activities of the medical service, carried out in close cooperation with educational, cultural and social work, since an important aspect of the entire work of a correctional institution is that a person who can independently adapt to the conditions after liberation. Sanitary educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting; publication of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, leaflets; use of posters, slogans, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, demonstration of films, etc.
When selecting work for convicted disabled people, it should be borne in mind that when choosing a profession, the role of working conditions increases, that disabled people of groups I and II are involved in work only at their request. Effective labor rehabilitation of convicted disabled people is achieved by maintaining a measured work rhythm that does not allow rush jobs or storms in production activities.
The organization of social and hygienic measures includes: constant monitoring of the health of convicted disabled people, medical care, prevention of psychopathological deviations by engaging convicted disabled people in socially useful activities. From the point of view of health prevention for this category of convicts, sudden changes in lifestyle are unacceptable in connection with a transition to another type of work activity or release from work due to illness. Such sudden changes cause states of stress, which the body cannot always cope with, involvement, taking into account the state of health, into any types of socially useful activities - orders to participate in socially useful work without pay; provision of paid part-time work; involvement in the work of amateur organizations; involvement in the execution of one-time assignments; appointment of responsible persons from among them for any specific area of work on a voluntary basis.
It is effective to create mutual aid groups by social work specialists and ensure the activities of assigned convicts from the social assistance section to serve disabled disabled people who can participate in activities to ensure proper household, sanitary, hygienic and other necessary matters for disabled people.
To maintain a certain level of intellectual functioning, it is important to involve disabled convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.
Employees must teach disabled people how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. The organization of free time and leisure for convicted disabled people should pursue two goals: creating the best conditions for restoring physical and mental energy and maximizing their free time in activities that contribute to the development of their social interests. For this purpose, convicted disabled people are involved in cultural and mass work, participation in amateur artistic performances, design of visual propaganda, work of the editorial board, promotion of books, repair of existing book stock, and self-education. It is also advisable to involve the category in question in physical education and sports (competitions in chess, checkers, arm wrestling, etc.).
Organizing and carrying out preventive measures with them, including, along with purely medical measures, socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures, is also of no small importance for preparing this category of convicts for life in freedom. Special attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions.
Preparatory work is being carried out with persons who do not have family or relatives to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to properly prepare the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. There are special norms and rules of behavior that must be followed. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type, constant control is established over compliance with the order of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty. It is advisable to read letters from convicts who were previously released and sent to these houses.
Let us note that in order to provide disabled people released from correctional institutions with appropriate clothing and footwear, measures are being taken to distribute and receive various types of assistance coming from various non-governmental organizations.
For those who cannot be sent to nursing homes, in the absence of family and relatives, measures must be taken to provide them with a home or establish guardianship after their release from the correctional facility. Disabled persons who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release must be accompanied by medical staff.
Of great importance when organizing social work in general in the correctional institution of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for preparing convicts for release is the legal consolidation of this activity. The preparation of convicts for release is legislatively enshrined in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, which is entitled “Assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences and control over them,” including convicts with disabilities. Preparations for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions begin no later than six months before the end of the term of imprisonment. Activities to prepare convicts for release include several stages.
- 1st stage. Registration of convicts released at the end of their sentence.
- 2nd stage. Documentation (providing convicts released from correctional institutions with all necessary documents). This is the main element of preparing convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions. The main document, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of a convicted person, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost them for various reasons.
- 3rd stage. Restoring socially useful connections of convicts. For this purpose, requests are sent to the department of internal affairs, correspondence is conducted with relatives, etc. The interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution, is of particular importance.
- 4th stage. Conducting individual conversations with each person released. During the conversation, life plans for the future become clear. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and responsibilities of citizens during the job search are explained, issues of household arrangements, etc. are clarified.
- 5th stage. Registration of social cards for each convicted person. A social card must be issued to a convicted person upon release. Specialists from both the administration of the institution executing the punishment and other services participate in drawing up a social map. Maps are compiled in order to ensure full accounting of persons released from the institution for submission to local government bodies, employment institutions, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence.
- 6th stage. Ensuring the passage of the convicted person to the place of destination upon release. Travel documents are purchased and, if necessary, the person being released is escorted to the vehicle.
- 7th stage. Development of methodological materials containing information necessary for those released on issues of social services, medical care, paperwork (passports, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. These teaching materials will allow those released from the penal institution to develop certain knowledge about social reality.
- 8th stage. Identification of convicts entitled to receive a pension and taking timely measures to provide them with pensions after release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions; state pensions.
Basic documents that need to be prepared by a social work specialist to assign pensions:
- ? statement of the convicted person;
- ? passport of the convicted person;
- ? certificates confirming the place of stay or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;
- ? insurance certificate of state pension insurance;
- ? documents on labor activity: work book, certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension benefits;
- ? documents establishing disability and the degree of limitation of the ability to work and other documents required in a number of cases.
A social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the pension authorities, monitors the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the assignment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If work experience cannot be confirmed or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 years for men and 55 years of age for women, or a state social disability pension.
An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of a convicted disabled person being released from a correctional facility is the preparation and issuance of a “Memo to the Released Person.” It may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; about pension provision; about going to court; about the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, night shelters, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.).
Thus, social work with convicted disabled people in correctional institutions is a logically structured system of social activities. At the same time, the practical preparedness of disabled people for release is of great importance. Its effectiveness is of significant importance in addressing issues of social, everyday, labor rehabilitation and social adaptation of disabled people to life in freedom.
11.3. Contents and methods of social work with disabled people in correctional institutions
All social work with convicted disabled people during their stay in correctional institutions is carried out by its employees (primarily social workers, medical workers, squad leaders and psychologists). In Russia, social work in the penitentiary sphere as an independent type of professional activity began to take shape in 2001. This is due to the transformation of penal policy towards humanization, i.e. respecting the rights of convicts, ensuring optimal conditions for serving their sentences, and returning to society.
Representatives of public organizations and religious denominations may be involved in this work, providing assistance in this work of the penal system. Practice shows that managers, as well as social, educational and medical services of correctional institutions, on the basis of cooperation agreements concluded with various organizations, primarily create opportunities for weakly protected categories of convicts, which include convicted disabled people, to receive social assistance from them.
The main tasks of social work in a correctional institution are:
Organization and provision of social protection for all categories of convicts, especially those in need (pensioners, disabled people, those who have lost family ties, transferred from correctional colonies, the elderly, those suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, those without a specific place of residence, patients with incurable or intractable diseases);
Assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving the sentence;
Assistance in the social development of the convicted person, including improving their social culture, developing social needs, changing normative value orientations, increasing the level of social self-control;
Helping convicts find a socially acceptable environment for them, a point of social interest (work, family, religion, art, etc.).
Development and strengthening of socially useful connections between the convicted person and the outside world;
Assisting the convicted person in obtaining assistance from specialists.
The organization of social work with convicted disabled people begins with identifying and recording persons of this category. When studying them, it is necessary, first of all, to establish: their state of health, the presence of work experience and the right to receive a pension after release, family ties, specialties, motivation and goals of life, the most characteristic mental states and behavioral abnormalities.
Disability pensions are issued after the convicted person is recognized as disabled, which is carried out in the manner prescribed by the Regulations on recognizing a person as disabled, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 1996 No. 965, and in accordance with the Classifications and temporary criteria used in the implementation of medical social expertise approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated January 20, 1997 No. 1/30.
A medical and social examination of a convicted person is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the public service institution regulating these issues. The application, referral and other medical documents confirming the violation of his health are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is being held to the territorial institutions of the state medical and social examination service. To draw up an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person, examination of convicts in institutions of the state medical and social examination service is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional institution where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.
If a convicted person is recognized as disabled, a MSEC certificate in the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. An extract from the certificate of examination at the institution of the state medical and social examination service of a convicted person recognized as disabled is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution, for assignment, recalculation and organization of payment of a pension. And an extract from the examination report on the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability and the need for additional types of assistance is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. In case of release from a correctional institution of a convict whose disability has not expired, a MSEC certificate is issued to him.
Payment of pensions assigned to those sentenced to imprisonment is made from the date of sentencing, but not earlier than July 1, 1997 and in all cases not earlier than the day from which the pension was assigned.
To organize the payment of pensions to convicts who received a pension before their conviction, the administration of the correctional institution sends to the body providing pensions a list and a certificate for each convict about his stay in the correctional institution. The body providing pensions checks the information specified in the list and, if necessary, requests pension files and other documents required to open payments.
After the release of a disabled person from places of imprisonment, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of imprisonment and a registration document issued by the registration authorities. And after all the necessary documents are collected and completed, he will again receive a pension.
When working with convicted disabled people, a social work specialist relies on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of the disease. This can be achieved if we proceed from the basic principle of social work with this category of convicts - to make their lives active. Since people with disabilities pay special attention to their health and try to find ways to maintain it, organizing a series of lectures and conversations on medical and social topics is important. In the correctional institution's club, library, and in detachments, corners or stands with special medical and educational literature, clippings from periodicals, health and educational posters designed for convicted disabled people can be equipped: “How to maintain health,” “How to cope with a serious illness.” , “Society needs your experience and knowledge,” etc.
Health education is an integral and integral part of the activities of the medical service, carried out in close cooperation with educational, cultural and social work. Since an important aspect of the entire work of a correctional institution is that a person who can independently adapt to the conditions after release must return to society. Sanitary educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting, publication of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, memos, the use of slogan posters, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.
When selecting work for convicted disabled people, it should be borne in mind that when choosing a profession, the role of working conditions increases, that disabled people of groups I and II are involved in work only at their request. Effective labor rehabilitation of convicted disabled people is achieved by maintaining a measured work rhythm that does not allow rush jobs, storms, or arrhythmias in production activities.
The organization of social and hygienic measures includes constant monitoring of the health of convicted disabled people, medical care, prevention of psychopathological deviations by engaging convicted disabled people in socially useful activities.
From the point of view of health prevention for this category of convicts, sudden changes in lifestyle are unacceptable in connection with a transition to another type of work activity or release from work due to illness. Such sudden changes cause states of stress that the body cannot always cope with. Involvement, taking into account the state of health, into any types of socially useful activities: assignments to participate in socially useful work without pay, provision of paid work on a part-time basis. Involvement in the work of amateur organizations. Involvement in carrying out one-time assignments. Appointment of responsible persons from among them for any specific area of work on a voluntary basis.
It is effective to create mutual assistance groups by social work specialists and ensure the activities of assigned convicts from the social assistance section to serve convicts with disabilities, who can participate in activities to ensure proper household, sanitary, hygienic and other necessary matters for disabled people.
To maintain a certain level of intellectual functioning, it is important to involve disabled convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.
Employees must teach disabled people how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. The organization of free time and leisure for convicted disabled people should pursue two goals: creating the best conditions for restoring physical and mental energy and maximizing their free time in activities that contribute to the development of their social interests. For this purpose, convicted disabled people are involved in mass cultural work, participation in amateur performances, design of visual propaganda, work of the editorial board, promotion of books, repair of existing book stock, and self-education. It is also advisable to involve the category in question in physical education and sports (competitions in chess, checkers, arm wrestling, etc.).
Organizing and carrying out preventive measures with them, including, along with measures of a purely medical nature, also socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures, is also of no small importance for preparing this category of convicts for life in freedom.
Special attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions.
Preparatory work is being carried out with persons who do not have family or relatives to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to properly prepare the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. There are special norms and rules of behavior that must be followed. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type, constant control is established over compliance with the order of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty.
It should be noted that in order to provide disabled people released from correctional institutions with appropriate clothing and footwear, measures are being taken to distribute and ensure the receipt of various types of assistance coming from various non-governmental organizations.
For those who cannot be sent to nursing homes, in the absence of family and relatives, measures must be taken to provide them with a home or establish guardianship after their release from the correctional facility. Disabled persons who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release must be accompanied by medical staff.
Of great importance in the organization of social work in general, in the correctional institution of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the preparation of convicts for release, is the legal consolidation of this activity. The preparation of convicts for release is legislatively enshrined in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Executive Code, which is entitled “Assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences and control over them,” including convicts with disabilities.
Preparations for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions begin no later than 6 months before the end of the term of imprisonment.
Activities to prepare convicts for release include several stages:
1. Registration of convicts released at the end of their sentence;
2. The main element of preparing convicted disabled people for release from correctional institutions is documentation. This is to provide convicts released from correctional institutions with all the necessary documents. The main document, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of a convicted person, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost them for various reasons.
3. Restoration of socially useful connections of convicts (sending requests to the police department for this purpose, correspondence with relatives, etc.). Of particular importance in this case is the interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution;
4. Conducting individual conversations with each person being released, during which life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and responsibilities of citizens during the job search are explained, issues of household arrangements, etc. are clarified;
5. Registration of social cards for each convicted person with mandatory issuance upon release. Both specialists from the administration of the penitentiary institution and other services participate in drawing up a social map. Cards are compiled to ensure full accounting of persons released from the institution for submission to local government bodies, employment institutions, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence;
6. Payment for the convict’s travel to the destination upon release. If necessary, escort to the train and purchase of travel documents are provided;
7. Development of teaching materials containing information necessary for those released on issues of social services, medical care, paperwork (passports, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. This methodological material allows a person being released from a penal institution to form certain knowledge about social reality.
9. It is also necessary to identify convicts who have the right to receive a pension and take timely measures to provide them with pensions after release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions; state pensions.
Basic documents that need to be prepared by a social work specialist to assign pensions:
Statement by the convicted person;
Convict's passport;
Certificates confirming the place of stay or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;
Insurance certificate of state pension insurance;
Documents on labor activity - work book; a certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension benefits;
Documents establishing disability and the degree of limitation of ability to work;
Information about disabled family members, death of the breadwinner; confirming family relations with the deceased breadwinner; that the deceased was a single mother; about the death of the other parent;
Other documents (their submission is possible if necessary). A social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the pension authorities, monitors the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the assignment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If work experience cannot be confirmed or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 years for men and 55 years of age for women, or a state social disability pension.
An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of a convicted disabled person being released from a correctional facility is the preparation and issuance of a “Memo to the Released Person.” Its structure may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; about pension provision; about going to court; about the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, night shelters, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.)
Thus, social work with convicted disabled people in correctional institutions is a logically structured system of social activities. At the same time, the practical preparedness of disabled people for release is of great importance. Its effectiveness is essential in resolving issues of social, everyday, labor rehabilitation and their social adaptation to life in freedom.
^ 10.1. Main directions of social work with convicts in correctional institutions
Social work with convicts is an integral part and element of a multi-level system of state and non-state assistance to citizens in difficult life situations. This is a specific type of professional activity to provide social assistance, support and protection to convicts for the purpose of their correction and resocialization during the execution of a criminal sentence, as well as adaptation (readaptation) in society after release.
Social work specialists carry out their activities in accordance with the Regulations on the social protection group for convicts of a correctional institution of the penal system. This document defines the purpose and content, its main goals, objectives, functions, rights and responsibilities of employees, as well as a list of documentation compiled and maintained by social work specialists.
The goal of social work with convicts in a correctional institution is to create the prerequisites for the correction and resocialization of convicts, as well as for their successful adaptation after release from prison.
The main tasks of such work in a correctional institution are:
Identifying and solving social problems of convicts, providing them with differentiated social assistance;
Organization and provision of social protection for all categories of convicts, especially those in need (pensioners, disabled people, those who have lost family ties, transferred from correctional colonies, the elderly, those suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, those without a specific place of residence, patients with incurable or intractable diseases);
Assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving the sentence;
Assistance in restoring and strengthening socially useful connections of convicts, their work and everyday life after release, resolving issues related to the pension provision of convicts;
Identification of persons and taking measures to obtain documents identifying the convicted person, as well as confirming his right to social security;
Involving specialists from various social protection services in providing assistance to prisoners, including advisory assistance;
Involving the public in solving social problems of convicts, including in labor and everyday life after
Assistance in the social development of the convicted person, including improving their social culture, developing social needs, changing normative value orientations, increasing the level of social self-control;
Preparing convicts for release, organizing classes at the “School for Preparing Convicts for Release,” involving the interested services of the institution and municipal social services in their implementation.
Social work is carried out with all convicts in need of material, legal, psychological and other assistance.
The objects of activity of social work specialists in a correctional institution are persons sentenced to imprisonment for committing crimes provided for by law, who need outside help, who find themselves in a difficult life situation from which they cannot get out on their own. These include: disabled people, the elderly, pensioners; oppressed, drug addicts, alcoholics; pregnant women; women with young children; patients with incurable and difficult-to-treat diseases; juvenile convicts; convicts who do not have a permanent place of residence; convicts with mental abnormalities; those released from serving a sentence for various reasons, having social problems in employment, living arrangements and medical and social nature.
When carrying out their professional activities, social work specialists are guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal laws, laws and regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, other ministries and departments, as well as the Regulations on the social group protection of convicts of a correctional institution of the penal system.
The management of the social protection group for convicts is carried out by the deputy head of the correctional institution for personnel and educational work.
It consists of a senior specialist in social work with convicts and a senior inspector for labor and living arrangements for convicts. The staffing level of the group is determined taking into account the limit and staffing of the institution, but not less than 2 positions per institution.
In order to more effectively solve the assigned tasks, the group interacts with other services of the correctional institution, as well as with relatives of convicts, public organizations (associations), employment and social protection services, and other government bodies.
The main functions of the social protection group for convicts are the following:
Carrying out social diagnostics of convicts, identifying people in need of priority social assistance, developing individual programs to work with them;
A comprehensive study of the personality of convicts in need of social assistance, together with employees of psychological and other services of the correctional institution;
Providing people in need with qualified social assistance, encouraging convicts to independently solve their social problems;
Promoting the strengthening of positive social ties of convicts with the external social environment: with family, relatives, work collectives and educational institutions, public and religious organizations (associations);
Involving convicts in activities to resolve social issues, organizational and methodological management of the work of the social assistance section;
Organization of continuous work to prepare convicts for release;
Providing assistance in matters of labor and living arrangements for convicts being released from a correctional institution.
In accordance with the Regulations, a senior social work specialist carries out activities aimed at preparing them for release. He facilitates their acquisition of education, profession and work skills, requests and receives from other services of the correctional institution information about the identity of the convict necessary for his professional activities. Together with other employees of the correctional institution, he distributes convicts into primary teams (detachments, departments, brigades, classrooms, groups). When sending documents to the court to consider the issue of parole of convicts from serving their sentences, upon submitting them to replace the unserved part of the sentence with a more lenient form, participates in the preparation and consideration of characteristics. In the work of the detachment's council of educators, it provides methodological assistance, makes proposals for the social security of convicts, and monitors the implementation of recommendations on social issues. Within the framework of official powers, he interacts with representatives of government bodies, organizations of various forms of ownership on issues of social protection and support for prisoners. To restore, maintain and strengthen socially useful connections of convicts, develop behavioral skills in the family, and assist in organizing communication with the immediate social environment. He also has the right to make proposals to the management of the correctional institution on the application of incentives and penalties to convicts.
A senior social work specialist carries out social diagnostics, identifies social problems of specific convicts and their groups and determines ways to resolve them. Together with the concerned services of the correctional institution, he draws up a social map of the convict and quarterly work plans for the social protection group for convicts. And also his functional responsibilities include providing individual assistance to convicts, informing and advising them on issues of pensions and other social security, and managing the section of social assistance to convicts. It is important in the activities of a social work specialist to keep records of the work done, analyze its results and influence on the correction of convicts.
The senior inspector for the labor and living conditions of convicts has the right to: request and receive from other services of the correctional institution information necessary for professional activities; take part in the work of the detachment’s teacher council, provide methodological assistance to the colony staff council, and amateur organizations of convicts; carry out, within the framework of official powers, interaction with representatives of government bodies, organizations with various forms of ownership, interested in the labor and living arrangements of convicts.
Senior inspector for labor and living conditions of convicts, within the framework of his duties:
Explains the provisions of the current legislation concerning the rights and responsibilities of those being released, the procedure for providing convicts with assistance in employment and everyday life, processing documents and obtaining registration;
Interacts with local government bodies, the Federal Employment Service and internal affairs bodies at the convicted person’s chosen place of residence, boards of trustees, other public and religious organizations (associations), employers in the preliminary resolution of issues of labor and household arrangements for those released;
Establishes, if necessary, contacts with relatives of the convicted person or other persons in order to prepare the family or other persons for his upcoming release from the correctional institution; takes part in organizing and conducting practical classes to prepare convicts for release;
Keeps records of the work done, summarizes and analyzes its results, submits relevant information and proposals for improving professional activities to the management of the institution.
In accordance with the Regulations under consideration, employees of the social protection group for convicts maintain certain documentation. A senior specialist in social work with convicts draws up a social passport for convicts in a correctional institution, a social card for a convict, a register of pensioners and persons entitled to receive pensions and social benefits, reports on the work of the social protection group for convicts, a log of the reception of convicts on social issues.
The social passport of convicts of a correctional institution (drawn up on January 1 and July 1) reflects the list of the institution, the age of convicts, education, the number of students studying at school or by correspondence (by distance learning), in a vocational school, the number of convicts who do not have a profession. Also, this document contains an updated number of pensioners (for old age and disability) and disabled people (groups I, II, III), believers who constantly perform religious rituals, employed convicts and their average wages. Much attention in the passport is paid to the marital status of convicts, the presence of children, and maintaining family ties. Along with this, the social work specialist includes the number of convicts: pupils of orphanages, boarding schools, persons who do not have a permanent place of residence, who do not have a passport in their personal file. As a result, the distribution data appears according to the number of convictions, according to the conditions of serving the sentence (ordinary, light, strict), according to the number of difficult-to-educate persons; transferred from a correctional colony; those suffering from alcohol and drug addiction; who filed complaints about physical violence.
The social card of a convicted person contains such individual information about each person as: biographical data, family ties, education, work experience, health status, other personality characteristics, recommendations for carrying out social work with him. A social card is issued by a specialist to a convicted person being released from a correctional institution in order to receive the necessary assistance from the social protection of the population and other organizations at the place of residence.
The senior inspector for the labor and living conditions of convicts compiles and maintains: a log of classes at the “School for Preparing Convicts for Release,” which begins for everyone 6 months before the end of the term; register of persons released from a correctional institution; a list of institutions providing social security and providing social assistance to citizens (social protection authorities, municipal employment centers, homes for the elderly and disabled, rehabilitation and adaptation centers, shelters, social hotels, overnight stay homes, etc.).
In their activities, specialists of the social protection group constantly diagnose current social problems of convicts and, in accordance with its results, plan and carry out their work.
The main directions of their work in a correctional institution are: identifying the social problems of convicts, preparing for release, providing them with social assistance, issuing identification documents and confirming the right to social security, assistance in restoring socially useful ties, labor and household arrangements after release. Social work is carried out with all categories of people in prison, who find themselves in a difficult life situation from which they cannot escape on their own.
^ 10.2. Specifics of social work with juvenile convicts in correctional institutions
In Russia, one of the most vulnerable groups of the population are teenagers who have committed an offense and are serving their sentences in educational colonies. Organizing social work in these institutions is a difficult task for social work specialists.
In the absolute majority, a juvenile offender is a person with habits, inclinations, and stable stereotypes of antisocial behavior. Only a few of them commit crimes by accident. The rest are characterized by: constant demonstration of disdain for the norms of generally accepted behavior (foul language, appearing drunk, pestering citizens, damaging public property, etc.); following negative customs and traditions, addiction to alcoholic beverages, drugs, participation in gambling; vagrancy, systematic escapes from home, educational and other institutions; early sexual intercourse, sexual promiscuity; systematic manifestation, including in non-conflict situations, of malice, vindictiveness, rudeness, and acts of violent behavior; culpable creation of conflict situations, constant quarrels in the family, terrorizing parents and other family members; cultivation of hostility towards other groups of minors who are distinguished by academic success and disciplined behavior; the habit of appropriating everything that is bad, that can be taken away from the weak with impunity.
The personality of a criminal, in particular a minor, is a combination of socio-demographic, moral and legal properties, signs of connections, relationships that characterize the person who committed the crime. The personality of a juvenile offender has not yet been formed and is in the process of its further development (Orekhov V.V., 2006).
The problem of social work with juvenile convicts requires, first of all, a careful study of the social environment into which teenagers find themselves, namely the educational colony.
On the one hand, a correctional colony opens up wide educational and pedagogical opportunities for the return of convicted minors to a law-abiding working lifestyle in society. On the other hand, the criminal world, the prison environment, is a special world with its own laws and rules that ensure survival for those who strictly adhere to them. Along with legal and psychological factors of social isolation, they influence the emergence of various kinds of deviations in the behavior of convicts.
The colony especially cruelly traumatizes the fragile psyche of teenagers aged 14-18 years. Severe, irreversible mental deformations of the individual are possible here. A significant proportion of teenagers become delinquents due to their existing mental anomalies, psychopathy and personal accentuations. This mental disadaptation in the conditions of the colony is even more aggravated.
The activities of a social worker, upon admission of a juvenile convict to a colony, are aimed at providing favorable conditions for the adaptation of convicts to conditions of imprisonment, providing social protection for convicts while serving their sentences, solving social problems, restoring and strengthening socially useful connections, assistance in employment and everyday life after release.
Social work begins from the moment convicts enter quarantine and is carried out continuously until release. A newly arrived convict stays in the quarantine department of a correctional institution for 15 days. There, a complete registration of admitted convicts and social diagnostics are carried out: the educational and cultural level is revealed, connections with the external environment are established, and other social problems are revealed. The social worker finds out the nature of the relationship between the convicted person and their parents, the situation in the family, and sends letters to relatives, explaining the need for support. It should be noted that the majority of people serving sentences are pedagogically neglected, with a low level of education, morally devastated, and embittered.
During the stay of newly arrived convicts in the quarantine department, a social work specialist, together with the convict, develops a plan of individual assistance from both the social worker himself and the psychologist, doctors, teachers and other employees of the correctional institution, as well as self-help, intensifying the convict’s own efforts to solve identified problems. When developing such a plan, the social work specialist takes the following sequential actions:
A) informs about the procedure for legislative regulation of certain issues related to the provision of individual assistance and the solution of existing social problems;
B) reveals the material capabilities and capabilities of correctional institution specialists to provide individual social assistance to a convicted person;
C) analyzes the potential of external resources that convicts can count on to receive social assistance;
D) with each specialist from whom the convicted person intends to receive help, a meeting-conversation is held individually, the results of which are entered into the official documentation of the social work specialist.
An important need on the part of the staff of the educational colony is to ensure the success of the process of adaptation to the conditions of deprivation of liberty, which depends on a number of factors: understanding the meaning and necessity of the legal restrictions to which the teenager is subjected; awareness of the seriousness of your new position; inclusion in activities to find ways that could legally alleviate the situation, the influence of other convicts.
Increasing the effectiveness of social adaptation among convicted minors is facilitated by the joint actions of the administration, psychologist, social and medical workers, and physical education instructor, which will allow achieving the harmonious development of adolescents.
When conducting social work with this category, great attention should be paid to the involvement of adolescents in learning. An important point is the organization of training at school, vocational school, and the acquisition of labor skills at an enterprise, so that upon release, each student has a specialty that is in demand on the labor market in the modern economic conditions of Russia.
For those juvenile convicts who have an education, it is important to develop an interest in work. Labor activities in a correctional institution are organized in accordance with labor legislation for minors. In accordance with Art. 104 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, convicted persons are granted annual paid leave. All time worked is included in the length of service. In connection with the introduction of the new labor code of the Russian Federation, all convicts, as they are enrolled in a training and production workshop, are provided with work books.
Much attention must be paid to organizing the free time of convicts. Social workers, together with school teachers, organize numerous amateur arts, technical creativity, choreography, and vocal clubs. Sports occupy an important place in the lives of convicts. Friendly meetings in volleyball, basketball, and football are of great social importance for teaching minors to lead a healthy lifestyle.
In accordance with Art. 142 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, an approximate Regulation on the board of trustees of educational colonies was approved, which are created to assist the administration of the educational colony in strengthening the material and technical base, in resolving issues of social protection of convicts, labor and living arrangements for released persons. They include representatives of local governments, public associations, organizations, institutions, and joint-stock companies. Members of the board of trustees visit the correctional colony in the prescribed manner, get acquainted, within the limits of their competence, with its activities, meet with convicts, conduct conversations with them, and facilitate the timely and correct consideration of their applications and complaints. They visit the colony on holidays and take part in ceremonial functions.
Of great importance for the social preparation of pupils for release is the use of such incentives as the right to leave the educational colony, accompanied by parents and the right to attend events and a correctional officer. Free communication with family in a relaxed atmosphere is a powerful positive impulse for the pupil. The holding of a parent conference - an open day - and trips of pupils outside the colony based on the results of a labor competition turn into a real holiday for the pupils.
In accordance with the Instruction on providing assistance in employment and everyday life, as well as providing assistance to convicts released from serving sentences in correctional institutions of the penal system (dated January 13, 2006 No. 2), preparation for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions institution, begins no later than six months before the end of the term of imprisonment. It includes conducting a conversation with each convict, during which it becomes clear where he intends to live, work or study after his release from prison, and also makes it possible to find out whether there is a connection with relatives, the nature of the relationship with them, his life plans, readiness to support life in freedom. A social work specialist explains to a convicted minor the advisability of returning to his place of permanent residence and to the enterprise where he worked before his conviction. Classes at the school for preparing convicts for release are conducted by: a social work specialist, an inspector for labor and living conditions, psychologists, employees of the special department, the operational department, the accounting department, teachers, employees of the employment center and the Federal Migration Service are invited.
The main topics of the classes may be the following: the rights and responsibilities of convicts released from prison; the procedure for registering and assigning a pension in the event of loss of a breadwinner or disability during the period of release; procedure for contacting the employment service department, training in independent job search skills, writing a resume; social diseases of society and their prevention; procedure for obtaining a medical insurance policy; documents issued to convicts released from prison; providing financial assistance to convicts, paying for travel for those released from serving a sentence, issuing funds stored in personal accounts; psychological trainings with the development of appropriate psychological attitudes; cooperation with the Department of Social Protection of the Population; legal advice on registration issues, rules for using residential premises, clarification of the norms of current legislation.
Juvenile convicts subject to release from educational colonies are sent to the place of residence of relatives or other persons, to whom a social work specialist informs about the day of release of the juvenile convict and invites them to come to the juvenile colony to meet and accompany him to his place of residence. If the convicted minor to be released does not have relatives or other persons, the social worker, together with the administration of the colony, sends a request to the guardianship and trusteeship authority, the juvenile affairs division of the internal affairs body and the commission on minors’ affairs and the protection of their rights, formed by the local government body, in its former place of residence with a request to resolve the issue of placing such a person at work or study and providing him with living space. In necessary cases, after release, a convicted minor may be sent to a boarding school or other educational institution under state care or transferred to the guardianship and trusteeship authorities. Convicted minors under the age of 16 are sent to their place of residence accompanied by relatives or other persons or a social worker of the correctional institution. The release from a correctional facility of persons who have served their sentences includes the issuance of things belonging to them, valuables, clothing necessary for the season in the absence of it; providing free travel to your place of residence, food or money for the duration of the trip.
Thus, the social work carried out in educational colonies is aimed at providing social assistance, support and protection to convicted minors, with the aim of their correction, resocialization and return to society as full-fledged citizens of our country.
^ 10.3. Forms of social work with convicted women in correctional institutions
The increase in the proportion of women among the total number of convicts in Russia confirms scientific data about their high vulnerability, inability to resolve their problems in a non-criminal way, low security and adaptability to changing socio-economic conditions. In this situation, convicted women are not only criminals, but also victims of social ill-being who need comprehensive help and support.
A generalized social portrait of a convicted woman, according to the census of convicts, shows that recently her average age is 37.1 years. At the same time, the proportion of young people aged 18 to 29 has increased significantly. The ratio of age groups of convicts - mothers indicates that the category over 40 years of age dominates (38%), slightly less (34%) are persons in the age range from 20 to 30 years. Most of them are in one of the most socially productive ages - from 30 to 39 years. The average sentence was 5.7 years. The level of secondary education of women deprived of liberty has decreased slightly, but the number of those with higher and secondary specialized (vocational) education has noticeably increased. The number of convicted mothers with secondary and secondary specialized (vocational) education has increased. The most common offenses among criminals are: murder, causing grievous harm resulting in death; robbery; hooliganism, fraud, theft, extortion.
Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. propose the following classification of convicted women serving sentences in a correctional institution:
1) convicted women with short terms of imprisonment, who have serious social problems, primarily related to the lack of documents necessary for re-socialization;
2) women with physical disabilities, disabled people, the elderly, single people;
3) women who have:
Young children in a children's home at a correctional institution;
Children “at liberty” and having parental rights;
Children “at liberty” and deprived of parental rights;
4) women who are in a registered or actual marriage that is under threat of disintegration;
5) inclined:
To suicide and auto-aggression;
I'll run away;
Alcohol and drug use;
Lesbianism (performing both male and female roles);
Committing terrorist acts and taking hostages;
6) aggressive, with mental abnormalities, capable of committing any violent criminal offenses in a correctional institution;
7) fabricated rumors that lead to conflicts, their development and negative consequences;
8) transferred from an educational colony to a correctional colony;
9) women who have been repeatedly convicted and support the traditions of the criminal world;
10) patients with an active form of tuberculosis, HIV-infected, who base their behavior in correctional institutions on the principle “I don’t care about dying - so I behave as I want and do what I want.”
It is very difficult for many of them to independently resolve a difficult life situation and return to normal life after release. This results in irreversible losses for the woman herself, her microenvironment, family, and society as a whole. It is obvious that convicted women need special comprehensive legal, psychological, pedagogical, and social assistance, the system of which constitutes the essence and features of social work with them.
The work of a social work specialist begins with the arrival of women at a correctional institution, while in the quarantine department (up to 15 days), continues at the main stage of serving their sentence and the final stage, associated with intensive preparation for their release.
Social work in quarantine is aimed at identifying problems and adapting prisoners to a correctional institution. The most profound understanding of the personality of a particular convict and her problems is provided by diagnostics. Personality questionnaires, tests, individual conversations, life path analysis, observation and other forms and methods make it possible to identify not just the characteristics of the convicted person, but significant properties, typical mental states, criminogenic qualities, and criminal behavior. Based on the diagnostic results, a psychological portrait, a resocialization card for a particular convict, and a social passport are compiled.
Specialists carry out individual work with the convicted mother. It is important to identify the location of the child, family, as well as the type of maternal relationship to the son or daughter.
In addition, the program for the primary study of the personality of a mother serving a sentence in prison provides for the analysis of socio-demographic data, specific conditions and circumstances of her upbringing, formation and development, identification of risk factors (hereditary, family, social) that influenced the history and image life, the results of upbringing and development, the deformation of maternal qualities, which in their totality naturally determine criminal behavior, conviction and subsequent punishment.
At the end of the adaptation period in quarantine, correctional facility specialists draw up an individual resocialization program for the convict. This program contains:
1. Socio-demographic data;
2. Data on criminal prosecution;
4. Information about the inclinations, abilities, and physical characteristics of the convicted person;
5.Plans and intentions of the convicted person for the period of serving her sentence and the results of their implementation in various areas:
Help in solving vital problems,
Receiving benefits provided by law,
Participation in socially useful work,
State of health, personal hygiene,
Participation in group events
Obtaining education and training,
Preparation for release, including solving everyday and housing issues,
Additional information, comments, conclusions;
7.Assessment of the participation of the convicted person in the implementation of the resocialization program.
At the next (main) stage of serving a sentence, social work specialists predict options for the development of the convict’s difficult life situation, plan and draw up programs for her correction and resocialization. At the same time, taking into account their socio-psychological characteristics, it is necessary to focus on eliminating and preventing social problems; positive development of the individual by creating conditions for the realization of positive potential, self-affirmation and implementation in socially significant activities (production work, training, creativity, improving everyday life, leisure, organizing charity, helping those in need, including children kept in orphanages, boarding schools , shelters); creating a favorable emotional background in communication; assistance in obtaining social benefits; involving in the process of planning and implementation of the plan the head of the detachment, a psychologist, a social work specialist, as well as the convicted person herself, her relatives, and adult children.
It is of great importance to conduct conversations with convicted women on topics that concern them. It is conversation that makes it possible to get to know a person better; at the same time, it is a way of providing socio-psychological influence. In the course of talking about herself and her life, the convict puts her thoughts in order and often herself identifies some cause-and-effect relationships and draws constructive conclusions, and all this can happen both during the conversation itself and after it. You can also use a direct explanation of the cause-and-effect relationships and meanings of individual actions and all behavior, either in general terms, in abstract diagrams, or using a specific example.
The conversation should always be determined by the personality characteristics of the female criminal, the reason for it, the time and place of it, and the situation that develops during the conversation. The main goal of this kind of conversation is to help a woman who has committed a crime in solving problems that are vital to her.
It is advisable to organize in a correctional institution, as part of the social work carried out, cultural work (amateur art activities, folk theater, production of various products characteristic of folk crafts, technical creativity, organization of exhibitions of handicrafts, club work). It is equally important to attract women to participate in discussion, analytical, information and explanatory events, and instill self-education skills.
Of great importance is the holding of physical education and sports activities among convicts, assistance in the development of hobbies and doing what they love to the extent possible and reasonable in a correctional institution.
An important area of social work with convicted women is the provision of medical and social assistance and the organization of compulsory treatment for those who have common or chronic diseases. Organization of work with women suffering from socially significant diseases (tuberculosis, alcoholism, drug addiction, mental disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS) is carried out by specialists in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with current legislation aimed at ensuring the rights of citizens to receive medical care.
Providing useful employment is an important factor in the process of adaptation of convicts to life at large and carrying out social work in general. Involvement of convicts by specialists in education, basic general education and vocational training throughout the correctional institution will allow women to get paid work after release. In women's colonies there are vocational schools or their branches, where convicts are trained in the sewing industry (seamstress, service technician, electrician, etc.).
To provide individual influence on convicted women, in order to mobilize her own resources to get out of a difficult life situation, social work specialists involve members of the board of trustees or the council of relatives. They also use the capabilities of public organizations to involve convicted women in activities related to providing assistance to individual convicted women who need it.
Social work at the final stage of serving a sentence is aimed at preparing a woman for release. Convicts preparing for life in freedom need some help. It is carried out through classes at the School to prepare for liberation. Classes are conducted in groups that are formed on a voluntary basis from convicts whose sentences expire no later than in 6 months. The group consists of 8-10 people.
Preparation for release includes several types of assistance: moral, psychological, practical. Moral – aimed at activating the moral qualities of a person necessary for his future life in society; psychological - involves the activation of the adaptive abilities of the convicted person, the formation of readiness to live and act in accordance with legal norms; practical – focused on acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary for an autonomous life in freedom, allowing you to quickly get involved in the rhythm of life.
In a correctional institution, classes held at the School to prepare convicts for release correspond to the topics determined by social work specialists, psychologists, doctors and approved by the head of the institution. Example topics could include:
The procedure for preparing for release.
Constructive communication.
Medical care in a correctional facility.
Behavior skills in difficult life situations.
Meeting with employees of the Territorial Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children.
The procedure for employment through the Employment Center, registration of TIN.
Alcoholism, drug addiction. Routes of HIV infection. Responsibility and spread of diseases.
Administrative supervision. Administrative registration. Expungement and expungement of criminal records.
Division of property, guardianship, trusteeship. Deprivation of parental rights and their restoration.
The procedure for settlements with those released.
Adaptation after release from prison.
According to the Instructions on providing assistance in employment and everyday life, as well as providing assistance to convicts released from serving sentences in correctional institutions of the penal system, social work has its own characteristics. Social work specialists, at the request of women over 55 years of age released from prison, send letters of request to social protection authorities to place them in homes for the disabled and the elderly.
Preparations for the release from places of deprivation of liberty of pregnant women, as well as women with young children, are carried out by employees of the social protection group for convicts in contact with medical workers of the correctional institution. The possibility of registration and employment of those released, as well as the placement of children in preschool children's institutions at their chosen place of residence is being clarified.
In cases where the issue of labor and household arrangements for released pregnant women, as well as women with young children, cannot be resolved at their chosen place of residence, measures are taken to establish their family ties. The possibility of their registration, employment, as well as the placement of children in preschool children's institutions at the place of residence of relatives is being clarified.
In relation to released women who have young children with them, patients with acute diseases or with exacerbation of chronic diseases, employees of the social protection group for convicts, together with medical workers of the correctional institution, assist in the placement of such children in institutions of the state or municipal health care system at their chosen place of residence.
Convicts released from correctional institutions who need outside care for health reasons, pregnant women, women with young children are sent to their place of residence, accompanied by relatives or other persons or a correctional institution employee (Part 5 of Article 181 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation) .
Sick convicts, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and minors on their way are provided with food in accordance with the standards approved by the Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.
Released women with children are given, in addition to the children for the time necessary to travel to their place of residence, dry rations in the form of a set of products as prescribed by the pediatrician of the children's home of the penitentiary institution, or money in an amount calculated from the average cost of products included in the norm nutrition of children, prevailing in the month preceding release from punishment.
For children who were in children's homes at correctional institutions and traveling with released women, one set of linen and clothes for the season is issued in accordance with the age of the child.
Social work specialists prepare documents for the release of a convicted person from a correctional facility. The main ones are: passport, work book, insurance certificate of state pension insurance (who was employed), compulsory health insurance policy (if it was available before the conviction). Women of retirement age and disabled people must have a pension certificate, and women with children in a correctional institution's orphanage must have the appropriate documents for it. Each convicted person receives documents on education, acquired profession, and a certificate of salary. Immediately before leaving places of imprisonment, social work specialists issue a certificate of release, which indicates: the locality, district, region (region, republic) where the person being released must arrive; Passport details are indicated on the back of the certificate.
Thus, social work with convicted women has its own characteristics; the forms used are aimed at the long-term resolution of a difficult life situation, the formation and rehabilitation of maternal qualities, correction and resocialization.
^ 10.4. Contents of social work with elderly and disabled convicts in correctional institutions
One of the most socially vulnerable categories in a correctional institution are elderly and disabled convicts. They have a complex set of intractable social problems and needs that pose a threat to their equal existence in the correctional institution, which they cannot resolve on their own. These convicts need various types of constant assistance (material, moral-psychological, medical, legal, penitentiary-pedagogical and other), support, and protection.
Social work with them is a priority and mandatory for a specialist; it takes on the nature of support, comprehensive services with the involvement of doctors, psychologists, educators, and representatives of social protection authorities.
Among elderly convicts, there are rarely people in whom aging is a natural physiological process of gradual decline in psychophysiological functions, withering of the body and personality changes, which is called normal old age. Naturally aging convicts are characterized by physical and mental activity, developed compensatory and adaptation mechanisms, and a high ability to work.
Often, convicts who show significant pathological deviations in the aging process associated with various diseases, violations of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms, disharmony of life processes and their manifestations are serving their sentences in a correctional institution. The restructuring of the mechanisms of higher nervous activity that occurs during aging forms the basis of age-related changes in human mental activity and behavior. First of all, this concerns such a complex phenomenon as intelligence. In old age, the most important becomes the ability to solve problems related to the use of already accumulated experience and information. In the emotional sphere, there is an uncontrollable tendency toward hostility and aggressiveness towards others, and the prediction of the consequences of one’s actions and the actions of others is weakened. Among the psychological processes that are most affected by age-related changes is the weakening of memory. Age-related changes can significantly change a person’s mental makeup and personality. Among the characteristics considered typical for old age are conservatism, a desire for moral teaching, resentment, egocentrism, withdrawal into memories, self-absorption, which is aggravated by imprisonment.
Elderly convicts are heterogeneous in terms of education level, work experience, health status, marital status, number of criminal records and total time spent in prison. Most of them do not have sufficient work experience or the right to receive an old-age pension. All this causes them uncertainty about their future, as well as a fear of old age and a hostile attitude towards it, which is especially aggravated among the lonely, as well as the sick and physically infirm.
A social work specialist must take into account the general features and characteristics of elderly convicts and carry out an individual approach to them when implementing various technologies and measures of psychological and pedagogical influence, taking into account the general patterns of aging and the individual uniqueness of the elderly person.
Along with elderly convicts, convicts who are disabled serve their sentences in correctional institutions. A large number of convicted disabled people are often sick or have chronic diseases, half of them experience difficulties in everyday services and cannot do without outside help. An impressive part of the considered category of convicts are not only socially maladapted, but also deprived of social connections. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the main of all social problems at the personal level - disability, for objective reasons is completely impossible to resolve, therefore, rehabilitation and educational measures should be supplemented with psychological assistance in changing attitudes towards them and finding opportunities for self-compensation and self-realization in the current circumstances.
In penitentiary institutions, to one degree or another, it is difficult to carry out social work with convicted disabled people due to their social limitations, which must be taken into account by the social worker:
1. Physical restriction or isolation of a disabled person. This is due to either physical, sensory, or intellectual and mental disabilities that prevent him from moving independently or orienting himself in space.
2. Labor segregation, or isolation. Due to their pathology, an individual with disabilities has extremely limited access to jobs or no access at all.
3. Low income. These people are forced to exist either on low wages or on benefits that cannot be sufficient to ensure a decent standard of living for the individual.
4. Spatial-environmental barrier. The organization of the living environment itself is not yet friendly towards disabled people.
5. Information barrier. Disabled people have difficulty obtaining information, both general and relevant directly to them.
6. Emotional barrier. Unproductive emotional reactions of others regarding a disabled person. (footnote: Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with convicts in correctional institutions. – Ryazan. 2006. – P. 61-62.)
Convicts who are disabled serve their sentences in correctional institutions of various types and regimes. In most cases, these are persons who, before being convicted and sent to prison, received an assessment of their ability to work and health status from state expert medical commissions at their place of residence. But there is also a category of convicts who became disabled in the process of suppressing the criminal offenses they committed and during the execution of criminal punishment. Examination of the latter is carried out in the process of serving the sentence by territorial expert and medical commissions at the location of the correctional institutions.
A medical and social examination of a convicted person is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the ITU public service institution.
The application of the convicted person, the referral to medical and preventive medical examination of a medical institution of the penal system and other medical documents confirming health problems are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is being held to the territorial institutions of the state medical and medical examination service. In order to draw up an individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person, examination of convicts in institutions of the state service MSE is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional facility where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.
If a convicted person is recognized as disabled, an MSE certificate in the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person.
An extract from the certificate of examination of the civil service institution of the ITU of the convicted person recognized as disabled, as well as the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability, the need for additional types of assistance, is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution, for assignment, recalculation and organization of pension payment. In case of release from a correctional institution of a convicted person whose disability has not expired, an ITU certificate is issued to him.
In his work with elderly and disabled prisoners, a social work specialist focuses on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of the aging process or chronic illness. This can be achieved by making their life active. Therefore, special attention should be paid to organizing the free time of this category of convicts, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. To maintain a certain level of intellectual functioning, it is important to involve these convicts in self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved through feasible activities and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.
A significant place in working with elderly and disabled convicts in a correctional institution is occupied by the organization and implementation of health-improving and preventive measures with them, including, along with measures of a purely medical nature, also socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures.
Sanitary educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting, publication of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, memos, the use of slogan posters, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.
According to Art. 103 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, convicted men over 60 years of age and convicted women over 55 years of age, as well as convicted persons who are disabled people of the first and second groups, can be employed only at their request in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on labor and the legislation of the Russian Federation on social protection of disabled people . Therefore, when involving this category of convicts in productive work, it is necessary to take into account the physiological capabilities of the aging organism and the general state of psychophysical functions (memory, perception, thinking, imagination, attention). Penal legislation provides for working convicts with disabilities of the first and second groups, as well as elderly convicts, certain benefits:
Increasing the duration of annual paid leave to 18 working days;
Involvement in work without pay only at their request;
Increasing the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of accrued wages, pensions and other income.
Particular attention must be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of elderly and disabled convicts for release from correctional institutions.
Activities to prepare convicts for release include several stages:
1. Registration of convicts released at the end of their sentence;
2. The main element of preparing elderly and disabled convicts for release from correctional institutions is documentation. This is to provide convicts released from correctional institutions with all the necessary documents. The main one, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of a convicted person, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost it for various reasons;
3. Restoration of socially useful connections of convicts (sending requests to the police department for this purpose, correspondence with relatives, etc.). Of particular importance in this case is the interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution;
4. Conducting individual conversations with each person released, during which life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and responsibilities of citizens during the job search are explained, issues of household arrangements, etc. are clarified;
5. Registration of social cards for each convicted person with mandatory issuance upon release. Both specialists from the administration of the penitentiary institution and other services participate in drawing up a social map. Cards are compiled to ensure full accounting of persons released from the institution for submission to local government bodies, employment institutions, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence;
6. Payment for the convict’s travel to the destination upon release. If necessary, escort to the train and purchase of travel documents are provided;
7. Development of teaching materials containing information necessary for those released on issues of social services, medical care, paperwork (passports, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. This methodological material allows a person being released from a penal institution to form certain knowledge about social reality.
9. It is also necessary to identify convicts who have the right to receive a pension and take timely measures to provide them with pensions after release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions; state pensions. After the release of a pensioner from places of imprisonment, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of imprisonment and a registration document issued by the registration authorities.
Basic documents that need to be prepared by a social work specialist to assign pensions:
Statement by the convicted person;
Convict's passport;
Certificates confirming the place of stay or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;
Insurance certificate of state pension insurance;
Documents on labor activity - work book; a certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension benefits;
Documents establishing disability and the degree of limitation of ability to work;
Information about disabled family members, death of the breadwinner; confirming family relations with the deceased breadwinner; that the deceased was a single mother; about the death of the other parent.
A social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the pension authorities, monitors the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the assignment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If work experience cannot be confirmed or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 years for men and 55 years of age for women, or a state social disability pension.
Every elderly or disabled convict must clearly understand where he is going after release, what awaits him, what conditions will be created for him and how he should behave in them. Frail persons and disabled people who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release are accompanied by medical staff. Preparatory work is being carried out with persons who do not have family or relatives to send them to homes for the elderly and disabled after their release from the correctional facility. It is important not only to draw up the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are and what the order of life is like there. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type, constant control is established over compliance with the order of movement of wards by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty.
For those who cannot be sent to nursing homes, in the absence of family and relatives, measures must be taken to provide them with a home or establish guardianship after their release from the correctional facility.
An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of convicts of retirement age, disabled people and the elderly who are released from a correctional facility is the preparation and issuance of a “Memo to the Released Person.” Its structure may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; about pension provision; about going to court; about the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, night shelters, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.)
Thus, the provision of social assistance to convicts of retirement age, disabled people and the elderly in correctional institutions is a logically structured system of social activities. At the same time, the practical preparedness of this category for liberation is of great importance. Its effectiveness is essential in resolving issues of social, everyday, labor rehabilitation and their social adaptation to life in freedom.
^ Questions for self-control
1.Name the main areas of social work with convicts in correctional institutions.
2. Describe the specifics of social work with juvenile convicts.
3. Highlight the main forms of social work with convicted women in correctional institutions.
4.What is the main content of social work with elderly and disabled prisoners in correctional institutions?
Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with convicts in correctional institutions: textbook. a manual for beginners in social work of the penitentiary system - Ryazan, 2006.
Regulations “On the social protection group for convicts of a correctional institution of the penal system” dated December 30, 2005 N 262
Social work in the penal system: Textbook/S.A. Luzgin, M.I. Kuznetsov, V.N. Kazantsev and others; Under general edited by Yu.I. Kalinina. - 2nd ed., rev. – Ryazan, 2006.
Social work in penitentiary institutions: Textbook / Edited by prof. A.N. Sukhova. – M., 2007. - 300 p.
Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (1997).
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (1996).
Among those deprived of liberty, there are rarely people in whom aging is a natural physiological process of a gradual decline in psychophysiological functions, withering of the body and personality changes, which is called normal old age. Normally aging convicts are characterized by high physical and mental activity, developed compensatory and adaptation mechanisms, and a high ability to work. The individual elements of senile pathology they have are successfully compensated for by experience, developed logical thinking, stock of knowledge, etc. Working with them, if they have positive aspirations, value orientations, and broad interests, does not present much difficulty, although it requires taking into account their age characteristics.
Elderly convicts are very heterogeneous in terms of education level, work experience, health status, marital status, number of criminal records and total time spent in prison. Most of them have developed a low culture of a healthy lifestyle and an irresponsible attitude towards their health.
Elderly people who have been repeatedly convicted, as a rule, have a low general educational level. Most often, they received their education in colony schools under the influence of the administration and did not further educate themselves. Some of them have significant work experience and the right to receive a pension upon release from correctional institutions, which allows them to be confident in their future. The majority do not have sufficient work experience or the right to receive an old-age pension due to the fact that their time at large in the intervals between arrests was insignificant.
All this causes them uncertainty about their future, as well as a specific senile disease - gerontophobia (fear of old age and hostility towards it), which is especially aggravated in the lonely, as well as the sick and physically infirm. They experience a complete loss of prospects, experiencing a state of senile frustration, uselessness and confusion about the future. Aging, in this case, is characterized by the following patterns:
1) heterochronicity, i.e. unevenness and timing of changes occurring in certain processes and psychophysical functions;
2) a variety of changes that are difficult to account for;
3) specificity, i.e. the individual uniqueness of aging in each convict.
This obliges social workers: firstly, to take into account the general features and characteristics of elderly convicts and, secondly, to carry out a differentiated and individual approach to them when implementing various technologies and measures of psychological and pedagogical influence, taking into account the general patterns of aging and the individual uniqueness of the old person’s personality.
The main mental illnesses that affect the elderly are: senile psychoses, senile dementia, which require certain prevention. Senile dementia (dementia) is an irreversible process, since the causes of this disorder are organic in nature, associated with a certain lesion syndrome. Functional senile psychoses are a personal phenomenon in which the main cause of the disease lies not in organic changes in the higher nervous system, but in changes in the social status of the individual associated with old age.
Old age in its development goes through a number of stages: retirement, old age, decrepitude, each individual having their own age limits and characteristics of the course that need to be known for organizing social work with them.
Along with elderly convicts, convicts who are disabled serve their sentences in correctional institutions. The total number of disabled convicts in Russian correctional institutions currently does not exceed 5% of the total number of convicts. In most cases, these are persons who, before being convicted and sent to prison, received an assessment of their ability to work and health status from state expert medical commissions at their place of residence, but there is also a category of convicts who became disabled while serving a criminal sentence.
The reasons for the disability of convicts can be very different. Among them there are a number of main ones:
1) hereditarily determined forms;
2) associated with intrauterine damage to the fetus, damage to the fetus during childbirth and in the earliest stages of the child’s life;
3) acquired during the development of an individual as a result of diseases, injuries, other events, including in places of imprisonment, resulting in a persistent health disorder.
The social environment of disabled convicts in correctional institutions is no different from the environment in which other convicts find themselves. In correctional institutions you can meet convicts with disabilities: vision, hearing, amputated limbs (no legs, no hands), as well as people with disabilities due to general and occupational diseases. This category of convicts in correctional institutions can be combined into separate units.
Disabled prisoners have the opportunity to regularly receive medical care in a correctional institution; they can be placed in an inpatient medical unit of a colony, as well as in a special hospital or medical correctional institution. Keeping this category of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty requires the creation of certain conditions, proper care for them, as well as significant material costs.
The organization of social work with elderly and disabled convicts begins with identifying and recording persons of this category. When studying them, it is necessary, first of all, to establish: their state of health, the presence of work experience and the right to receive a pension after release, family ties, specialties, motivation and goals of life, the most characteristic mental states, senile anomalies. When working with elderly convicts and disabled people, one should rely on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.), and neutralize negative age-related characteristics and characteristics of diseases.
This can be achieved if we proceed from the basic principle of social work with this category of convicts - to make the life of these persons active. Elderly people are impressed by the fact that correctional officers consult with them, listen to their opinions, trust them to carry out responsible personal and collective assignments, etc.
According to the Criminal Code, convicted men over 60 years of age and convicted women over 55 years of age, as well as convicted persons who are disabled people of the first and second groups, can be employed only at their request in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine on labor and the legislation of Ukraine on the social protection of disabled people. Therefore, when involving this category of convicts in productive work, it is necessary to take into account the physiological capabilities of the aging organism and the general state of psychophysical functions (memory, perception, thinking, imagination, attention).
It is also necessary to take into account the motives of their work activity, based on the habit of work activity (boring without work); a sense of public duty (team, employees asking for help); the desire to provide for oneself financially; feeling of interest in the success of the team. When selecting work for elderly and disabled prisoners, it should be borne in mind that over the years, when choosing a profession, the role of working conditions increases and the importance of its attractiveness decreases somewhat. Effective labor rehabilitation of elderly convicts and disabled people is achieved by maintaining a measured work rhythm that does not allow rush jobs, storms, or arrhythmias in production activities.
Penal legislation provides for working convicts with disabilities of the first and second groups, as well as elderly convicts, certain benefits:
1) increasing the duration of annual paid leave to 18 working days;
2) involvement in work without pay only at their request;
3) increasing the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of their accrued wages, pensions and other income.
Particular attention should be paid to organizing free time and leisure for elderly and disabled prisoners. Organization of leisure time should pursue two goals: firstly, creating the best conditions for restoring physical and mental energy; secondly, the maximum use of free time in activities that contribute to the development of their social interests. Employees are obliged to teach the elderly and disabled people how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled.
Every elderly or senile convict or disabled person must clearly understand where he is going after his release, what awaits him, what conditions will be created for him and how he should behave in them. Persons who are frail and decrepit, disabled people who are unable to independently go to their place of residence after release, are accompanied by medical staff.
Often, upon returning to his previous place of residence from a correctional institution, a former convict finds new tenants in his apartment, unaware that in fact this housing has another owner, who, by law, retains the living space. The mechanism for the loss of housing by those sentenced to imprisonment is that after a certain time, the housing and communal services office, going to court, seeks the eviction of the tenant who does not pay utility bills, although he is in prison. Thus, the imperfection of legislation leads to the continuing practice of convicts losing their legal right to housing, of which they are the tenant.
The consequence of this situation is that elderly and senile convicts and disabled people often end up in social shelters - institutions where lonely old people live who, for one reason or another, do not have the opportunity to live independently. In institutions of this type, constant control over the order and movement of wards is established by management, doctors, and the police officer on duty. There are special norms and rules of behavior that must be followed.
The results of a study conducted by T. Volkova showed that among those living in such boarding schools there are those who have recently been released from prison, as well as those who currently have a criminal record. Thus, 42.8% had one conviction, 5% had two convictions, 14.3% had three, 4.8% had four convictions, 9.5% had five or more convictions. It is natural that some representatives of this contingent show their asociality in these institutions. The asocial and antisocial orientation of the individual, long stays in places of deprivation of liberty, senile dementia, lack of qualified psychological and medical care, and unsettled social conditions together serve as a source of antisocial behavior among former convicts of elderly and senile age.
In conclusion, it should be noted that social work with elderly and disabled convicts in places of deprivation of liberty is carried out taking into account legal, individual psychological, socio-psychological, as well as psychological and pedagogical factors that create the necessary conditions for the rehabilitation and social adaptation of this category of convicts. At the same time, special attention is paid to their practical preparation for release from prison, as well as social, everyday and labor rehabilitation.
At the request of convicts who are disabled people of the first or second group, as well as convicted men over 60 years of age and convicted women over 55 years of age, the administration of the institution executing the sentence sends a proposal to the social protection authority to place them in homes for the disabled and the elderly.
With the consent of a disabled person or an elderly person who did not have a permanent place of residence before his conviction, the administration of the correctional institution decides on the issue of sending him to a home for the disabled and elderly on the territory of Ukraine, where the colony is located. For this purpose, no later than two months before release, the necessary documents are submitted to the social protection authority (personal statement of the convicted person, an extract from the medical record in the prescribed form and a passport, a description of the period of stay in the institution).
Interaction with the pension fund has been established. With them, most issues that do not require an on-site visit are resolved over the phone, without any difficulties; you can solve any problem that is within their competence.
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Introduction
1. Women released from prison as an object of social work
2. Social work with women released from prison
3. Features of social work with women released from prison
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A. Persons with whom released young women prefer to spend their leisure time
Appendix B. Program "School of Preparation for Liberation"
INTRODUCTION
Until now, imprisonment remains one of the widely used types of punishment. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains a significant number of articles providing for this type of punishment. Criminal punishment, including in the form of imprisonment, as a special form of state coercion, is intended to ensure the restoration of social justice, correction of the convicted person, and prevention of the commission of new crimes.
Relevance: initially, criminal punishment is not intended to violate social ties. On the contrary, the goals of punishment are completely opposite and their achievement is impossible without strengthening the individual’s ties with society. The need to isolate a criminal is determined by the goal of preventing the possibility of him committing new crimes, as well as creating conditions for targeted corrective influence on him.
At the same time, no matter how humanized deprivation of liberty is, no matter how the “fetishism of bars” is softened, no matter how specific prison elements of deprivation of liberty are reduced to a minimum, it still remains the measure that most affects the entire complex of life manifestations, the entire sphere of interests personality, and the most sensitive, most severe intrusion into the personality of the offender. However, the initial purpose of punishment is not to change the personality of the criminal, but to establish social norms.
Penal institutions for women today should represent a civilized institution, and, therefore, embody the achieved level of spiritual culture, normative and value regulators in the system of material production, social life and social relations. The discrepancy between the material and living conditions of organizing the execution of criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment and the anatomical, physiological, psychological, moral characteristics of female youth is one of the reasons contributing to the emergence and development of maladaptation of women who have served their sentences in isolation from society.
Problem: consultations with convicted women in order to prepare them for release and prevent relapse, high-quality social protection and social security for women upon release from prison, taking into account the high vulnerability of women to maladaptation and other women's problems.
Object: women released from prison.
Subject: essence, principles and methods of social work with women released from prison.
Goal: to identify the main theoretical approaches to building the professional activity of a social worker, to determine its main directions, principles, methods and role of social work with women released from prison.
Objectives: to identify the main theoretical approaches to building the activities of a social worker with women released from prison.
Analyze the main areas of activity and functionality of a social worker and social services with women released from prison.
Analyze the basic principles of social work with women released from prison.
To determine the most effective, humanistic-oriented methods of social work with convicted women released from prison.
1. WOMEN RELEASED FROM IMPRISONMENT AS AN OBJECT OF SOCIAL WORK
1.1 Social and legal status of persons released from prison
Staying in social isolation has a strong impact on a woman’s personality and her future fate, since often the consequence of serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment is disadaptation, which implies a decrease in the ability of women to adapt in the post-penitentiary period to existing norms of law and morality, and living conditions in freedom. As a result of maladaptation, the forms of interaction between a woman and the social environment are disrupted, which prevents her from forming an adequate response to life situations and self-realization.
The Penal Code of the Russian Federation states that the grounds for release from serving a sentence are: serving the term of the sentence imposed by a court verdict; reversal of the court verdict with termination of the case; conditional early release from serving a sentence; replacing the unserved part of the sentence with a more lenient punishment; pardon or amnesty; serious illness or disability; other grounds provided for by the law of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation /17, Art. 172/. Persons who have served their sentences bear the responsibilities and enjoy the rights that are established for citizens of the Russian Federation, with the restrictions provided for by federal law for persons with a criminal record /17, Art. 179/.
Also, Chapter 22 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation outlines assistance to convicts from serving their sentences and control over them. Responsibilities of the administration of institutions executing sentences to assist in the work and everyday life of released convicts:
1) no later than two months before the expiration of the term of arrest or six months before the expiration of the term of restriction of freedom or imprisonment, and in relation to those sentenced to imprisonment for a term of up to six months - after the sentence enters into legal force, the administration of the institution executing the punishment, notifies local government bodies and the federal employment service at the convicted person’s chosen place of residence about his upcoming release, the availability of housing, his ability to work and available specialties;
2) educational work is carried out with the convicted person in order to prepare him for release, the convicted person is explained his rights and obligations;
3) convicts who are disabled people of the first or second group, as well as convicted men over 60 years of age and convicted women over 55 years of age, at their request and presentation by the administration of the institution executing the sentence, are sent by social protection authorities to homes for the disabled and the elderly / 17, Art. 180/.
Providing assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences:
1) convicts released from restriction of freedom, arrest or imprisonment for a certain period are provided with free travel to their place of residence, they are provided with food or money for the duration of the journey in the manner established by the Government;
2) in the absence of clothing necessary for the season or the funds to purchase it, convicts released from places of imprisonment are provided with clothing at the expense of the state. They may be given a one-time cash benefit in the amount established by the Government of the Russian Federation;
3) provision of food, clothing, issuance of a one-time cash benefit, as well as payment for travel of released convicts are carried out by the administration of the institution executing the sentence;
4) upon release from serving restrictions of freedom, arrest or imprisonment of convicts who need outside care for health reasons, convicted pregnant women and convicted women with young children, as well as juvenile convicts, the administration of the institution executing the punishment shall notify them in advance release of relatives or other persons;
5) convicts specified in part four of this article who are released from correctional institutions, as well as juvenile convicts under the age of 16 years, are sent to their place of residence, accompanied by relatives or other persons or a correctional institution employee / 17, Art. 181/.
The rights of released convicts to employment and living arrangements and other types of social assistance. Convicts released from restriction of freedom, arrest or imprisonment have the right to employment and living arrangements and to receive other types of social assistance in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulations /17, Article 182/.
The legislation of the Russian Federation also provides for assistance in employment and everyday life, as well as the procedure for providing assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences in correctional institutions of the penal system.
The administration of the penitentiary institution interacts in resolving issues of labor and everyday life of persons released from serving a sentence with local government, internal affairs, guardianship and trusteeship, health care, education, social protection of the population, the commission for the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, formed by the local authority self-government, and the federal employment service at their chosen place of residence.
The organization and implementation of measures to provide assistance in the employment and everyday life of persons released from correctional institutions are entrusted to employees of the social protection group for convicts with the participation of detachment chiefs, psychologists, employees of special accounting departments (groups) and other interested services, to provide consultations on the most relevant Whenever possible, specialists from territorial social services may be involved.
Preparations for the release from places of deprivation of liberty of pregnant women, as well as women with young children, are carried out by employees of the social protection group for convicts in contact with medical workers of the correctional institution. The possibility of registration and employment of those released, as well as the placement of children in preschool children's institutions at their chosen place of residence is being clarified.
In cases where the issue of labor and household arrangements for released pregnant women, as well as women with young children, cannot be resolved at their chosen place of residence, measures are taken to establish their family ties. The possibility of their registration, employment, as well as the placement of children in preschool children's institutions at the place of residence of relatives is being clarified.
In relation to released women who have young children with them, patients with acute diseases or with exacerbation of chronic diseases, employees of the social protection group for convicts, together with medical workers of the correctional institution, assist in the placement of such children in institutions of the state or municipal health care system at their chosen place of residence.
Convicts released from correctional institutions who need outside care for health reasons, pregnant women, women with young children, minors under the age of 16 are sent to their place of residence, accompanied by relatives or other persons or a correctional facility employee /9, clause I/ .
1.2 Social problems of women released from prison
Due to the fact that a convicted woman each time has to adapt to new conditions, her adaptive capabilities are significantly reduced and she is sometimes unable, in conditions of freedom, to adequately neutralize the negative consequences of being isolated from society. As a result, most of the liberated women are unable to adapt to either the micro or macro environment in freedom. That is, maladjustment of these individuals is observed.
It is also impossible to deny the fact that a negative consequence of serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment by women is the lack of desire among some categories of those released to adapt to living conditions in freedom, as well as the lack of desire to engage in socially useful activities. Crime forecasters include in this category people who have not taken the path of correction, are neglected in social and moral terms, and have mental disabilities.
Those released from punishment differ significantly in their personal qualities from other citizens who have not been punished, which leads to unlawful behavior on the part of those released. The impossibility of resolving problems that have arisen with the help of real legal means, the desire to solve them by any means, the lack of faith in official institutions capable of resolving the difficulties that have arisen quickly and effectively lead a person to re-commit a crime.
The lifestyle of liberated women often does not meet the requirements of a positive social environment and contradicts its guidelines, as a result of which a psychological barrier arises between a female person and the social environment, aggravating the social alienation of a liberated woman. In order to overcome this condition, the specified person seeks support and mutual understanding among his own kind. Upon release, the released person seeks connections with someone he met in prison, whose influence he experienced for a long time, whose psychology and views he absorbed (see Appendix A)
A woman’s inability to overcome complex, non-standard situations in a legitimate way leads to her focusing on the problem of individual conflict with the environment and suppresses social and collective feelings. The final stage of personality maladaptation is disorganization of personal behavior. Deprivation of liberty, with its restrictions on movement, weakening of social ties, and lack of information, is one of the main factors determining the process of maladjustment. Disadaptation of women who have served a sentence of imprisonment is a change in their social attitudes and personal characteristics that occurs as a result of serving a criminal sentence and prevents them from adapting to the conditions of the social environment.
Immorality. Mental maladaptation of women who have served a sentence of imprisonment manifests itself in a violation of the perception of space and time, in the appearance of negative mental states. It is a consequence of a person’s internal conflict or conflict with other people. During this period, the criteria and values of the surrounding world change among people of this category, and psychological reorientation is carried out. In this state, a woman quite often experiences dreams, false judgments, overvalued ideas, anxiety, fear, emotional lability, instability and other unusual phenomena.
The actions of a former convict often conflict with the law, resulting in a lifestyle characterized by a negative attitude towards work and other civic responsibilities, the commission of offenses, and the restriction or cessation of socially useful communication. As a result, about 40% of women, having once been in prison, then commit criminal offenses again. Moreover, 21% of females have three or more convictions to imprisonment.
Alcoholism and drug addiction. The main reason for liberated women’s addiction to alcohol is a violation of their adaptive capabilities, which arises from a bad reputation and is associated with problems with their employment and establishing a full-fledged life. Individuals who, for subjective reasons, are unable to cope with anxiety or tension are prone to drinking alcohol. The presence of certain character traits (easily suggestible, vulnerable, lack of ability to overcome life's difficulties, etc.), a special contingent of the social environment largely predetermine the use of alcoholic beverages by women.
Prostitution and lesbianism. Prostitution contributes to the deformation of family relationships, the degradation of the personality of women engaged in this “trade,” and the inculcation of cynicism and calculation in human relationships. This antisocial phenomenon demoralizes not only prostitutes, but also those who come into contact with them.
Social services are not currently dealing with this problem, although there is already some experience with the “In Defense of Childhood” (DZD) movement, created in April 1994 and registered by the Russian Ministry of Justice. The main goal of this movement is to attract the attention of the authorities and the public to children's problems and organize the prevention of prostitution.
Suicide and nihilism. It should be emphasized that the consequences of women being in MLS can manifest themselves not only in their criminal behavior, which is the most common, but also in other dangerous forms. Cases of suicide among released women were no exception. Women who have been released from criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment are characterized by suicidal thoughts, especially at first. This circumstance indicates that the personality of women who have served their sentences in isolation from society is greatly affected by social stigma. For some women, the stigma is more painful and therefore worse than the punishment itself.
Women who have been prosecuted have been mistrusted for quite a long time. The increased demands placed on a woman by the social environment lead to a sharp rejection of her from her usual environment, which makes it especially difficult for those who have broken the law to return to society. Such an attitude of people towards a person who has committed a crime is quite natural until such time as he proves his correction.
Homelessness and employment. One of the indicators that determine the success of adaptation in the post-penitentiary period of women who have served a sentence of imprisonment is whether they have a permanent place of residence. For women who have served their sentences in prison and do not have a fixed place of residence, the likelihood of returning to an illegal lifestyle increases. Such women, as a rule, do not have the desire to create their own family or establish a full-fledged life, which is unnatural for young people, but natural for many former female convicts. This fact is of great significance due to the fact that serving a sentence in isolation from society entails a weakening, and often complete loss of socially useful connections among females. The recognition by the Constitutional Court of the right of convicts to living space had a positive impact on the preservation of housing for this category of people.
According to survey results, 45.3% of managers of industrial enterprises in various sectors of the national economy believe that in the current economic situation there is no possibility of correcting offenders. The enterprise immediately faces the risk of a decrease in labor productivity, a drop in the quality of its products, the need to provide housing, and in some cases the possibility of the corrupting influence of previously convicted people on the workforce. Negative social phenomena have intensified in work collectives, which are expressed in the desire to tear away from their midst unstable people prone to crime, including people released from prison. It should be noted that such trends have the greatest negative impact on the prevention of recidivism.
Article 13 of the Law “On Employment” of April 19, 1991 classifies those released as persons enjoying increased social and legal protection. According to the joint instructions of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Federal Employment Service, these persons have the right of priority employment through employment centers. By registering, in cases where they are unable to find a job, they can acquire the status of unemployed. As a result, those released have the right to receive unemployment benefits for 12 months, the amount of which depends on their salary while serving the sentence, but not less than the minimum wage.
At this point, we can conclude that the regulatory framework for social work as a whole is fully and effectively developed. Following the requirements of the relevant laws, high-quality assistance to women released from prison is quite possible. But despite the theoretical developments of the socio-legal aspect of assistance to women released from prison, in real life there is an increase in social problems associated with this contingent of citizens. What are the discrepancies between the theoretical analysis of problem solving and the actual implementation of theory into practice? Most likely, a large role in this is played by both instability in the political, economic development of relations between the state and society, and the weak financial position of social services.
2. SOCIAL WORK WITH WOMEN RELEASED FROM IMPRISONMENT
2.1 Development of the institute of social work in the penitentiary system
Social work with persons released from prison directly involves competent social work in the penitentiary system, in particular in preparing convicted women for release. Social work in the penal system has recently begun to be heard in a single context. In connection with changes in penal policy towards humanization, the ideas of respecting the rights of convicts, ensuring optimal conditions for serving a sentence, and returning a full-fledged person to society have become relevant.
Today, the experience of social work in Russian correctional institutions that carry out sentences of imprisonment is very, very small. And therefore, there is still a lot of work to be done to study aspects of activity and introduce specialists so that social work brings the desired results. To date, groups for social protection and recording the work experience of convicts, of which a social work specialist is a member, have not been introduced everywhere, and convicts turn to other employees of the institution for help. Distracted by solving the social problems of convicts, on the one hand, they are not able to provide qualified assistance, since they do not have the proper education, and on the other hand, they will not be able to fully fulfill their duties. This means that the need to resolve problems is not satisfied, which causes internal tension for convicts, increases the feeling of trouble, and complicates the correctional process.
After release, a person must find a job to avoid committing an offense again. However, practice shows that self-employment is almost impossible. What state and public structures can provide real assistance in finding employment for those released from prison? Are benefits possible from the state in relation to an organization that employs a former convict? Due to long terms of serving sentences in places of deprivation of freedom from the residence of relatives, many convicts lose their previous social connections. Upon release, they not only do not have a place to live, but also do not know which locality to go to live. When entering a correctional institution, some convicts do not have passports in their personal files. Restoring documents causes certain difficulties, since passport offices do not always respond to requests from correctional officers, and convicts distort information about themselves. In addition, the passport can simply be left at the place of residence.
The deep socio-political crisis in modern Russia has led to serious negative consequences, primarily in the social sphere, exposing a person’s vulnerability from economic, social and political degradation due to the deterioration of his living conditions, the inability, for reasons beyond his control, to reveal and realize his labor, moral and intellectual potential.
Social work, as is known, is aimed, first of all, at activating the potential of one’s own vital forces and capabilities of a person or group of people who find themselves in a difficult life situation. In this regard, individual social work, which is defined as the use of all opportunities that help a person adapt to specific social conditions of life and help clients develop their own life program, acquires exceptional relevance.
A special role in the implementation of social work with various categories of the population, in particular with women released from prison, is played by territorial social centers and social services. Experience shows the high performance of many territorial centers. They manage to focus on such problems as organizing various forms of material assistance to particularly needy groups of the population, promoting their self-sufficiency and achieving financial independence; provision of various types of psychological, socio-pedagogical, medical and social, legal, rehabilitation, preventive and other assistance, a wide range of family counseling services; implementation of a number of measures to protect the rights of children, transfer them for adoption, guardianship and trusteeship; providing information to citizens about their socio-economic rights, etc.
The indisputable advantage of the centers is that they help to establish various forms of social work, taking into account the interests and needs of various categories of the population, in direct contact with them and at the most accessible territorial level for them. The principle of promoting self-help is of decisive importance, meaning that by providing assistance and services to the client, social workers must encourage him to realize the potential of his own strengths and capabilities, restore his capacity and active social functioning, relying on his own strength. This allows us not just to provide social services, but to provide high-quality, person-oriented customer service, based on the concept of self-help, the inclusion of the client’s personal capabilities in social protection mechanisms.
2.2 Psychological and pedagogical features of social work with women released from prison
Women in the overwhelming majority of cases experience separation from the family and its disintegration much more strongly. The family most often plays the role of a deterrent that prevents illegal behavior. Disruption of family ties as a result of being in prison leads to changes in the behavior of women in various life situations. The loss of family has a negative impact on women, as feelings of confidence, self-respect, and dignity are weakened. Such women are characterized by passivity in overcoming asocial aspirations and habits, which determines the greatest degree of degradation of their personality. In this regard, the marital status of women who have served a prison sentence is of particular concern.
The personality orientation of convicted women reveals specific needs, motives, goals, perspectives, and value orientations that reflect their narrow, limited spiritual world. Limited interests lead some convicted women to the inability to critically assess their capabilities, which leads to high or low self-esteem.
The negative impact of places of deprivation of liberty on the personality of women is determined by shortcomings in the organization of their work activities. The Penal Code of the Russian Federation names socially useful work as one of the means of correcting convicts (Part 2, Article 9 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation). The labor activity of convicts is mandatory also due to the need for self-sufficiency of women deprived of liberty. However, at present, the duty of the OJ to work is not always ensured by a real opportunity.
Not every young woman, due to her individual psychological characteristics, is capable of working as a seamstress or sewing equipment adjuster. Many of the women surveyed have no desire to master these types of professions. The correct choice of profession by young people largely predetermines the system of value orientations of the individual. Naturally, such forced labor hinders the achievement of the goals of criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment and aggravates the situation of young women who are isolated from society. At the same time, after being released from the prison camp, females, as a rule, do not work in the professions acquired in the colony. Since there is no other specialty, many of them begin to lead an antisocial lifestyle.
Isolation is a psychosocial stressor and, by sharply reducing the body’s adaptive capabilities, leads not only to the development of many neuropsychic and somatic diseases, but also, under conditions of prolonged chronic stress, reduces labor productivity, increases the frequency of interpersonal conflicts, and their criminogenicity. A rapid and radical disruption of life plans through social isolation gives rise to a complex of specific manifestations called the “deprivation of liberty syndrome.”
In women with a high degree of maladaptation, severity, increased sensitivity, and a low level of intelligence are quite pronounced. They are characterized by the manifestation of asthenic emotions and feelings, low social motivation. Material interest is the main motive for their behavior. The leading need is material. They have almost no resistance to post-penitentiary negative consequences.
Women with an average degree of maladjustment are characterized by indifference in relationships with others, irritability, envy, straightforwardness, and rigidity of thinking. They have a predominance of asthenic emotions and feelings, self-expression is the leading motive of behavior. The main needs in life are having a family, a feeling of safety and security. Persons in this category have a reduced resistance to the negative consequences of being in prison.
Women with a low degree of maladaptation are characterized by unsociability, conformity, unprincipledness, and irresponsibility; average level of intelligence, as well as emotional lability. Stenic emotions and feelings are manifested to the greatest extent. The dominant needs are to create a family, self-improvement, and increase the educational level. The leading motives of their activities are cognitive and affiliative motives. These women are quite resistant to overcoming the negative consequences of social isolation and are more active in solving various kinds of problems in conditions of freedom.
Based on this point of work, we can conclude that despite the state’s guarantees in the social and legal aspect, it is very difficult for liberated women, i.e. It is almost impossible to find a job on your own. The reasons for this are problems among women related to marital status, childbearing, etc. Also, the attitude towards former convicts on the part of employers leaves much to be desired.
The training system for social workers should ensure the training of specialists who are able to establish interpersonal relationships with clients, influencing both society, the living conditions of a person, and himself, stimulating him to realize his internal potential and social activity. Only in this case will it be possible to create an effective social protection system, skillfully restore interaction between people, and improve their quality of life.
Social workers must take into account the fact that being in prison causes a complex of mental states in women in the form of melancholy, frustration, despair, and hopelessness. Such mental states to a certain extent affect the physical state of the body, which in turn further suppresses their psyche. Without the opportunity to truly satisfy their physiological needs, convicted women often live in a world of fiction and fantasy. At the same time, a feeling of distrust in the selfless help from power structures, and people in general, causes rejection from society and reliance on one’s own strengths, which, when faced with the social injustice of real life, further suppresses any interest of the former convict in improvement as an intrapersonal one. family and public (Appendix B).
3. FEATURES OF SOCIAL WORK WITH WOMEN RELEASED FROM IMPRISONMENT
3.1 Prevention of maladaptation of women released from prison
Social work involves adapting the social protection system to changing socio-economic conditions, including networks of social service institutions, expanding the list of social services provided to women, supporting non-state forms of social assistance, and training social work personnel. Continuous improvement of the organization of social protection based on the formation of new social technologies; a differentiated approach, targeted social assistance directly related to the specific needs of the recipient - this is the task of modern society. All activities must be based on a regulatory framework. Laws are an important factor in effective social work.
Prevention of personality maladaptation reflects the general principles of crime prevention. Prevention of maladaptation of women who have served a sentence of imprisonment is a set of interrelated measures of government bodies, social work institutions and the public aimed at reducing and neutralizing the negative phenomena associated with their stay in isolation from society.
Correction of convicts is an important task of the state, and public participation in its solution is an important criterion for the effectiveness of reforms in the penal system. Of no small importance in connection with the prevention of repeated crimes is the activity of the emerging patronage service, boards of trustees, parent committees, social work in the penitentiary system and with persons released from prison. One of their most important functions is to neutralize the negative consequences of serving a sentence, ensuring continuity in consolidating the results of correction among persons who have served a sentence of imprisonment. This interaction would also contribute to broadening women’s horizons, forming adequate self-esteem in women, and developing their adaptive abilities.
In this regard, it is advisable for religious organizations to provide assistance not only to those women who are in social isolation, but also to those who have been released. In the first, most difficult period of life for the latter, religious organizations could take control of them, provide them with shelter, food, and women, in turn, could serve in the church or engage in other religious activities. It should be noted that the Concept for the reorganization of the penal system provides for the development and strengthening of ties between convicts and public, religious and other organizations. The reorganization process provides for the improvement of the forms of participation of public associations in the activities of institutions and bodies executing punishments.
3.2 Humane treatment and socio-legal counseling for women released from prison
Women's knowledge of legal issues is very limited. They do not know the organization, principles of operation of the legal system, norms of criminal, criminal procedural and criminal executive legislation. In order for criminal law norms to have a deterrent effect, the population must know them or at least have some idea about them, therefore one of the functions of a social worker is educational work in the field of law with persons released from prison.
For women, the fact remains unknown that Art. 1070 of the current Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides for liability for damage caused by illegal actions of the bodies of inquiry, preliminary investigation, prosecutor's office and court. The basic principles of this responsibility declare that harm caused to a citizen as a result of an illegal conviction, illegal prosecution, illegal use of detention or recognizance as a preventive measure, illegal imposition of an administrative penalty in the form of arrest or correctional labor is compensated at the expense of the state in full, regardless of the guilt of officials.
It is advisable to more actively cover these problems in the media. The population should also be made aware of the difficulties that convicted women have to experience when they are isolated from society, as well as after their release. Very few released females know that there is a Law of the Russian Federation that allows you to appeal an unjustified refusal to hire to court.
It is necessary for the population to develop a humane, tolerant attitude towards persons who have served their sentences in prison, especially women. Considering the problem of preventing maladaptation of women in the post-penitentiary period, it is necessary to emphasize that an important area is the organization of leisure for these persons. Aimless pastime is a strong criminogenic factor, since it contributes to the emergence and consolidation of antisocial views, attitudes, and deformation of the lifestyle of women released from prison. In this regard, it is important for underage girls to focus on useful and socially significant pastime. This can be achieved by creating a cultural and sports complex at the place of residence, which would unite the efforts of cultural, educational and other institutions, educational institutions in organizing meaningful leisure time.
Along with this, it is planned to involve persons who have served their sentences in various clubs, clubs, and sports sections. At the same time, it is necessary that the worldview of the leaders of such clubs, circles, sections change in relation to convicted girls, which would facilitate the organization of useful pastime for a larger number of female minors.
Due to the fact that for adult youth who have served a criminal sentence, the most pressing problem is creating a family, it is advisable to involve them in dating clubs that are organized in the service of the family. Currently, such services operate in almost all cities of the Russian Federation. This will make it possible to neutralize the criminogenic factor caused by the aimless pastime of this category of people.
The microenvironmental level of preventing maladaptation of women who have served their sentences in isolation from society provides for the implementation of specific measures aimed at a specific social group - women, in order to reduce and neutralize the negative phenomena associated with serving a criminal sentence in the form of imprisonment. One of these measures is the fuller implementation of the principles of differentiation and individualization of punishment for women.
Considering the prevention of maladaptation of women as a system, it should be emphasized that an important role in it belongs to the subjects of prevention, especially specialized ones. These are state, law-making and law enforcement bodies, social work institutions, public organizations whose activities professionally or in the performance of public duties are aimed directly at combating antisocial manifestations and crime.
It is necessary to increase attention to the problems of adaptation of women released from prison, sensitive and highly qualified socio-psychological assistance in solving mental post-penitentiary traumas, reliable material support for this category of women, constant care, love and affection.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can say that the regulatory framework for social work as a whole is fully and effectively developed, but reality speaks of poor compliance between theory and practice in social assistance and support for women released from prison. A big role in this is played by both instability in the political, economic development of relations between the state and society, and the weak financial position of social services.
Social work with women released from prison contains the following groups of tasks: assistance in difficult life circumstances; maintaining women as full members of society in accordance with existing regulations; promoting the creation of conditions for personal development, both material and moral, with the help of the state. But in modern society, stereotypes of the socialist regime towards this category of people still dominate, which is traumatic for the weak, maladapted soul of a woman released from prison. Here it is necessary to educate the population about the need for humanity, care and all kinds of support for people who have stumbled, to understand the essence of their problems and to try to resolve them. Social work with women who find themselves in difficult life situations that they cannot overcome on their own should be carried out by a system of social services and specialized social institutions. The nature, duration, types, and volume of social assistance in these institutions must correspond to the individual situation, for example, financial assistance, provision of temporary shelter, consultations, rehabilitation services, etc. Each specific case has its own special technology, methods and resources of social assistance to those in need. Supporting women released from prison as full-fledged members of society can be ensured by measures for socio-psychological rehabilitation, retraining and retraining for more in-demand professions, information about available vacancies, social resources, the essence and technology of family planning, legal and any other assistance in protecting their rights. A set of measures is needed to develop a scientifically based program with the involvement of social work specialists so that the new requirements for increasing the role of individual self-sufficiency and its adaptation to the new system would be effective. Focus on independently solving one’s personal problems, appropriate legal education and the possibility of retraining are a necessary condition for realizing oneself as an individual. In general, we can draw the following conclusion. The current state of social assistance and support for women released from prison is very weak. The transitional conditions from old to new ideologies of the political regime, the instability of the economic aspect of Russia gives rise to selfish tendencies in people, caring for themselves and interacting only with those from whom they can expect help in the future, because now almost no one believes in stability.
This is associated with a large percentage of corruption in the echelons of power, which results only in the formal socio-legal and material support of weak and vulnerable sections of the population, including
On approval of a training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, and order...
MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ORDER
On approval of the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, and the procedure for undergoing training for employees of institutions of the penitentiary system in order to ensure respect for rights, freedoms and legitimate interests suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
In accordance with (Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1993, No. 33, Art. 1316; Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, No. 25, Art. 2964; 1998, No. 16, Art. 1796, No. 30 , art. 3613; 2000, N 26, art. 2730; 2001, N 11, art. 1002; 2002, N 52 (part 1), art. 5132; .1), Article 5038; 2004, No. 10, Article 832, No. 27, Article 2711, No. 35, Article 3607; 2007, No. 7, Article 831, No. 24, Article 2834, No. 26, Art. 3077; 2008, N 52 (part 1), Art. 6232; 2009, N 1, Art. 17, N 11, Art. 1261, N 39, Art. 4537, N 48, Art. 5710; N 15, art. 1742, N 27, art. 3416, N 45, art. 5745; 2011, N 7, art. 901, N 45, art. 6328, N 49 (part 5), art. 7056; , N 14, art. 1551, N 53 (part 1), art. 7608; 2013, N 14, art. 1645, N 27, art. 3477, N 44, art. 5633, N 48, art. 6165; 2014, No. 14, Art. 1550, No. 49 (Part 6), 6928; 2015, No. 14, Art. 2016, No. 17 (Part 4), Art. 2478), Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 13, 2004 N 1313 “Issues of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, No. 42, Art. 4108; 2005, N 44, art. 4535, N 52 (part 3), art. 5690; 2006, N 12, art. 1284, N 19, art. 2070, N 23, art. 2452, N 38, art. 3975, N 39, art. 4039; 2007, N 13, art. 1530, N 20, art. 2390; 2008, N 10 (part 2), art. 909, N 29 (part 1), art. 3473, no. 43, art. 4921; 2010, N 4, art. 368, N 19, art. 2300; 2011, N 21, art. 2927, art. 2930, N 29, art. 4420; 2012, N 8, art. 990, N 18, art. 2166, N 22, art. 2759, N 38, art. 5070, N 47, art. 6459, N 53 (part 2), art. 7866; 2013, N 26, art. 3314, N 49 (part 7), art. 6396, N 52 (part 2), art. 7137; 2014, N 26 (part 2), art. 3515, N 50, art. 7054; 2015, No. 14, Art. 2108, No. 19, Art. 2806), as well as in order to improve the professional training of employees of institutions of the penal system
I order:
1. Approve:
a training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (hereinafter referred to as the program) (Appendix No. 1);
the procedure for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (hereinafter referred to as the procedure) (Appendix No. 2).
2. The Federal Penitentiary Service (G.A. Kornienko) to ensure the implementation of the program and order.
4. Entrust control over the implementation of this order to Deputy Minister A.D. Alkhanov.
Minister
A.V.Konovalov
Registered
at the Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
October 2, 2015,
registration N 39104
Appendix No. 1. Training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
Appendix No. 1
to the order
Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
1. The training program for employees of institutions of the penitentiary system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (hereinafter referred to as the Program), was prepared in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 N 5473-1 "On institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment" in order to obtain and improve the knowledge and skills necessary for employees of institutions of the penal system to perform the tasks assigned to the penal system, to ensure compliance with rights, freedoms and legal interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled.
2. Training for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled is intended to master:
the fundamentals of psychology of persons with disabilities in physical and mental development, ways of using psychological knowledge to assist them in realizing their rights and legitimate interests;
provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation on social security of people with disabilities, methods of providing consulting assistance to resolve issues of social security.
3. The program is designed for 10 teaching hours and consists of two sections:
1) psychological preparation;
2) training in the field of social protection.
4. The implementation of the Program is carried out in accordance with an approximate educational and thematic plan for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled (Appendix).
Application to the program. An approximate educational and thematic plan for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons, ...
Application
to the training program
employees of institutions
penal system
to ensure compliance
rights, freedoms and legitimate interests
suspects, accused and
convicts who are disabled
Approximate educational and thematic plan for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
Names of section topics | Including |
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theoretical | practically |
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Section I. Psychological preparation |
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Psychological support for suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled | ||||
Conflictology and techniques of mental self-regulation in working with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled | ||||
Section II. Social protection training |
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Technologies of social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions | ||||
Planning social work with disabled prisoners in correctional institutions | ||||
Promotion of social rehabilitation of convicts with disabilities in correctional institutions | ||||
TOTAL: | ||||
Section I. Psychological preparation
Topic 1.1. Psychological support for suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
Advisory (individual and group) work with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled.
Psychoprophylactic work with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled and are on preventive registration.
Psychological support for convicts who are disabled and registered with penal inspections.
Psychological support for juvenile suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled.
Topic 1.2. Conflictology and techniques of mental self-regulation in working with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
Psychology of conflict. Concept and methodology of work.
The concept of mental self-regulation. Techniques of mental self-regulation in working with suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled. Scheme of mental self-regulation.
Section II. Social protection training
Topic 2.1. Technologies of social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions
Introducing a healthy lifestyle and restoring socially useful connections in social work with disabled prisoners in correctional institutions.
Technology for the restoration in correctional institutions of lost documents identifying a convicted person who is disabled and confirming the right to receive social benefits and guarantees.
Registration of disability, pensions, benefits for persons serving sentences in correctional institutions.
Technology of social support for convicts who are disabled during their stay in correctional institutions.
Technology of preparation for release and registration of persons released from correctional institutions for transfer to special homes for the disabled or social rehabilitation centers.
Topic 2.2. Planning social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions
The main elements of organizing social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.
Principles and essence of planning social work with disabled prisoners.
Technology for planning social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.
Compliance of the sections of the plan with the main directions of social work with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions, the social passport of correctional institutions and the presence of social problems.
Approximate content of a special plan for the work of a social protection group with convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.
Coordination of the social work plan for convicts who are disabled with other plans existing in correctional institutions (plans for educational work, labor adaptation).
Interaction of employees of the social protection group for convicts with other departments and services of correctional institutions when carrying out social work with convicts who are disabled.
Domestic experience in organizing social work with disabled prisoners in correctional institutions.
Topic 2.3. Promotion of social rehabilitation of convicts with disabilities in correctional institutions
Physiological, psychological, socio-psychological, medical and social characteristics of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.
Creating improved living conditions for convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions is a task provided for by penal legislation.
Prevention of social maladaptation of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.
Problems of communication, labor and leisure employment of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions.
Criteria for assessing the condition of convicts who are disabled, including assessment of their professional potential, taking into account their existing functional impairments.
The vocational guidance system as a means of professional rehabilitation of convicts who are disabled.
Features of the use of resocialization for social rehabilitation of convicts who are disabled in correctional institutions of various types of regimes.
Forms of involving government bodies and the public in solving problems of social rehabilitation of convicts who are disabled and released from correctional institutions.
Appendix No. 2. The procedure for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
Appendix No. 2
to the order
Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
dated September 22, 2015 N 221
1. The procedure for training employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure compliance with the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, was prepared in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 N 5473-1 “On Institutions and Bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment" in order to obtain and improve the knowledge and skills necessary for employees of institutions of the penal system to perform the tasks assigned to the penal system, in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicts who are disabled.
2. Training in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, is carried out in relation to employees of institutions of the penal system, directly working with convicted persons and persons in custody, as well as those registered with the criminal justice system. -executive inspections and people with disabilities.
3. The content of training for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, is determined by the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects , accused and convicted persons who are disabled.
4. Training for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled is carried out as part of the professional training of employees of the penal system in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated August 27. 2012 N 169 “On approval of the Manual on the organization of professional training for employees of the penal system” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on September 13, 2012, registration N 25452).
5. Direct management, as well as control over the organization and status of training for employees of penal system institutions in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, is carried out by the head of the penal system institution and his deputies.
Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
Official Internet portal
legal information
www.pravo.gov.ru, 10/06/2015,
N 0001201510060033
On approval of the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, and the procedure for undergoing training for employees of institutions of the penitentiary system in order to ensure respect for rights, freedoms and legitimate interests suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled
| Document title: | On approval of the training program for employees of institutions of the penal system in order to ensure respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled, and the procedure for undergoing training for employees of institutions of the penitentiary system in order to ensure respect for rights, freedoms and legitimate interests suspects, accused and convicted persons who are disabled |
| Document number: | 221 |
| Document type: | Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia |
| Receiving authority: | Ministry of Justice of Russia |
| Status: | Active |
| Published: | Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 10/06/2015, N 0001201510060033 |
| Acceptance date: | September 22, 2015 |
| Start date: | January 01, 2016 |
