Cough

Presentation on the topic "natural smallpox". Chicken pox

Chicken pox (Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV) is an infectious disease characterized by fever and rash on the skin and mucous membranes in the form of small blisters with transparent contents. The causative agent is a herpes group virus (identical to the causative agent of herpes zoster - herpes zoster). The virus is volatile, unstable in the external environment, and not pathogenic for animals.

The varicella zoster virus belongs to the herpesvirus family. Despite the fact that the description of the infection was known back in ancient times, and the infectious nature of the disease was proven back in 1875, the virus itself was isolated only in 1958. The chickenpox virus only affects humans. In addition to chickenpox itself, the virus causes shingles (so-called herpes zoster). It is one of the most contagious viruses in nature. If one person in a group gets sick, the probability that everyone else will get sick is about 95% (although this does not apply to those who have had chickenpox before). Moreover, the virus can fly not only from one room to another, but also from one floor to another.

Epidimiology The source of infection is a sick person, representing an epidemic danger from the end of the incubation period until the scabs fall off. The pathogen is spread by airborne droplets. Mostly children aged 6 months to 7 years are affected. Adults rarely get chickenpox, since they usually experience it in childhood. The incubation period In persons with severe immunodeficiency of various etiologies (in rare cases with HIV infection and in patients after organ transplantation; often with acclimatization, decreased immunity caused by severe stress Susceptibility to V. o. is high. Children of preschool and primary school age are most often affected. Children under 2 months of age and adults are rarely affected. The greatest incidence occurs in the autumn-winter period.) Re-infection is possible. Susceptibilityincidence

Symptoms The disease usually begins acutely with an increase in temperature, and almost simultaneously a rash appears on the skin, scalp and mucous membranes. The rash occurs within 34 days, sometimes longer. The primary element of the rash is a small spot or papule (nodule), which very quickly (after a few hours) turns into a vesicle (vesicle) with hyperemia around it (Fig.). Chickenpox round vesicles are located on non-infiltrated skin; after 13 days they burst and dry out. The drying of the bubble begins from the center, then it gradually turns into a dense crust, after which there are no scars after falling off. Since chickenpox elements do not appear all at once, but at intervals of 12 days, elements of the rash can be simultaneously seen on the skin at different stages of development (spot, nodule, vesicle, crust), the so-called false polymorphism of the rash. Sometimes the disease begins with a short prodrome (low-grade fever, deterioration of health). Before the rash of chickenpox elements, and more often during the period of their maximum rash, a scarlet fever or measles-like rash may appear. Disease rash spot nodule polymorphism disease rash

Treatment. Patients are usually treated at home; Only children with severe or complicated forms of V. are hospitalized. Careful hygienic care is required to prevent secondary infection (daily baths with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, ironing underwear). The rash elements are lubricated with a 12% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate or a 12% aqueous or alcoholic solution of brilliant green. Be sure to rinse your mouth after eating. If purulent complications occur, antibiotics are indicated. Bath care, rinsing with antibiotics Consequences: After the illness, single scars remain at the site of the burst blisters. They persist for quite a long time (the older the person and the more severe the disease, the longer) and completely disappear only after a few months, and sometimes remain for life (for example, if they are scratched). In addition, a person becomes a lifelong carrier of the herpes virus; it is stored in the cells of the nervous tissue and, with a decrease in the body’s defenses or stress, can manifest itself in the form of shingles.

Prevention Drafts. The virus is afraid of ventilation, so arrange them more often. Cleaning. Frequent wet cleaning will not hurt, but will not have any effect on the likelihood of the virus spreading. Prevention: Isolation. Anyone who has been in contact with the patient must be isolated for 21 days. Patients can return to the team no earlier than 5 days after the last element of the rash appears.

Vaccination: All currently available commercial vaccines contain attenuated live Oka virus. Numerous variations of this strain have been tested and registered in Japan, South Korea, the USA and several European countries. The optimal age for vaccination is months. In the United States, the vaccine is given twice, 4-8 weeks apart, and is also recommended for adolescents 13 years of age and older. Most other countries limit it to a single shot. This difference in the use of vaccines is due to their different dosages. About 95% of children will produce antibodies in response to vaccination and 70-90% will be protected from infection for at least 7-10 years after vaccination. According to Japanese researchers (Japan is the first country in which the vaccine was registered), immunity lasts for years. It is safe to say that the circulating virus promotes “re-vaccination” of vaccinated people, increasing the duration of immunity. In addition to purely preventive indications, the vaccine can be used for emergency prevention of infection - if the vaccination is given no later than the 3rd day after probable contact with the source, the infection can be prevented in at least 90% of cases. Vaccines for the prevention of chickenpox: Okavax vaccine, Biken (Biken Institute), (Distributor - Aventis Pasteur) Varilrix vaccine, GlaxoSmithKline

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Smallpox is a viral anthroponosis with an aerosol transmission mechanism of the pathogen, which belongs to the group of especially dangerous infections and occurs with intoxication, fever and the appearance of peculiar papular-vesicular-pustular rashes on the skin and mucous membranes.

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Etiology. Smallpox is caused by a filterable virus (Strongyloplasmavariolae). The causative agent of smallpox was discovered in 1906 in Germany by Enrique Paschen, therefore the visible elementary particles of the virus are called Paschen bodies. The virus contains RNA, has a size of 200-300 microns, multiplies in the cytoplasm with the formation of inclusions. The variola virus has an antigenic affinity with red blood cells of group A in human blood, which causes weak immunity, high morbidity and mortality in the corresponding group of people.

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The smallpox virus is very stable in the external environment and tolerates drying, high and low temperatures. When frozen, the viability of the virus remains for decades. The underwear of patients can be contagious for several weeks and even months. In smallpox crusts at room temperature, it can persist for up to a year, in drops of sputum and mucus - up to 3 months. When dried, even when heated to 100 °C, the virus dies only after 5-10 minutes. Phenol and ether have little effect on it. A 1% formaldehyde solution quickly kills the virus; A 3% chloramine solution destroys it within 3 hours.

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The reservoir and source of viruses is a sick person who is infectious from the last days of the incubation period until complete recovery and the scabs fall off. Maximum infectivity is observed from the 7-9th day of illness. The corpses of those who died from smallpox also remain highly infectious. Infection with smallpox occurs through airborne droplets, but can also be through airborne dust, household contact, and transplacental routes. Human susceptibility to smallpox is absolute. After an illness, strong immunity remains. Epidemiology.

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Pathogenesis. The virus penetrates through the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract into the regional lymph nodes, after 1-2 days it enters the blood, and viremia develops. Viruses are absorbed by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system (a system of cells scattered in different parts of the body, carrying a barrier, phagocytic and metabolic function), where they multiply and re-enter the blood with the spread of the virus to epithelial tissue, with the development of exanthema and enanthema.

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Clinical picture. The incubation period is 5-14 days, occasionally extending to 22 days.

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There are several clinical forms of smallpox: Mild form alastrim varioloid smallpox without rash smallpox without fever 2. Moderate form: (disseminated smallpox) 3. Severe form confluent smallpox hemorrhagic smallpox smallpox purpura

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Light form. Varioloid is characterized by a short course of the disease, a small number of elements, the absence of their suppuration, and was observed in persons vaccinated against smallpox. Scars do not form with varioloid. When the crusts fall off, the disease ends. With smallpox without a rash, symptoms characteristic of smallpox are observed only in the initial period: fever, headache and pain in the sacral area. The illness lasts 3-4 days. Smallpox without fever: a scanty nodular-vesicular rash appears on the skin and mucous membranes; the general condition is not disturbed. Recognition of smallpox without a rash and smallpox without a fever is possible only at the site of infection. A mild form of smallpox includes alastrim (synonym: white smallpox, smallpox), found in the countries of South America and Africa. This form is characterized by the presence of a white rash that does not leave scars.

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Moderate form. prodromal, or precursors (2-4 days); periods of rash (4-5 days); suppuration (7-10 days); convalescence (20-30 days). There are several periods of the disease:

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The prodromal period (2-4 days) begins acutely, with chills and an increase in body temperature to 39.5-40°. Nausea, vomiting, excruciating headache and pain in the lumbar region appear. Children may experience seizures. There is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the soft palate and nasopharynx. On the 2-3rd day of illness, a rash sometimes appears on the body. But this rash is not specific, it may resemble the rash of measles or scarlet fever; its peculiarity may be localization - as a rule, the elements of exanthema are localized in the area of the femoral or thoracic triangle. By the end of the prodromal period, on the 3-4th day of illness, the temperature drops sharply, and the general condition improves.

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Papular rash on the 2nd day of illness

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Papular rash (single papules) on the 2nd day of illness

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During the rash period (4-5 days) a smallpox rash appears. First of all, it appears on the mucous membranes of the mouth, soft palate, nasopharynx, conjunctiva, then on the skin, first on the face, scalp, neck, then on the arms, torso and legs. It is most intense on the face, forearms, and back of the hands; Characterized by the presence of a rash on the palms and soles. Initially, the rash looks like raised pink spots with a diameter of 2-3 mm. Then they transform into copper-red nodules the size of a pea, dense to the touch. By the 5-6th day from the moment of rash, the nodules turn into vesicles - multi-chamber vesicles with an umbilical retraction in the center, surrounded by a zone of hyperemia. By the 7-8th day, the blisters turn into pustules.

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Vesicular rash on the 3rd day of illness

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Vesicular rash on the 4th day of illness

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Vesicular rash (single pustules) on the 5th day of illness

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Vesicular rash on the 5th day of illness

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The period of suppuration is accompanied by a rise in temperature and a sharp deterioration in the patient’s well-being. There is a sharp swelling of the skin, especially the face. Smallpox rash, located along the edge of the eyelid, injures the cornea, and the attached secondary bacterial flora causes severe eye damage with possible loss of vision. The nasal passages are filled with purulent exudate. There is a foul odor coming from the mouth. There is excruciating pain when swallowing, talking, urinating, defecating, which is caused by the simultaneous appearance of bubbles on the mucous membrane of the bronchi, conjunctiva, urethra, vagina, esophagus, rectum, where they quickly turn into erosions and ulcers. Heart sounds become muffled, tachycardia and hypotension develop. Moist rales are heard in the lungs. The liver and spleen are enlarged. Consciousness is confused, delirium is observed. By the beginning of the 3rd week of the disease, the pustules open, and black crusts form in their place. The patient develops unbearable itching.

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Pustular rash on the 6th day of illness

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Pustular rash on the 7th day of illness

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Pustular rash on the 8th day of illness

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Formation of crusts on the 13th day of illness

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The period of convalescence (20-30 days) begins from the 4-5th week of illness. The patient's condition gradually improves, the temperature returns to normal. During this period, massive loss of crusts and intense peeling occurs. In place of the fallen off crusts, reddish spots remain, and in people with dark skin, spots of depigmentation. With deep damage to the pigment layer of the dermis, after the crusts fall off, persistent, disfiguring radiant scars are formed, especially noticeable on the face. In uncomplicated cases, the disease lasts 5-6 weeks.

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Spots of depigmentation after the crusts fall off and peeling on the 20th day of illness

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Severe form. Confluent smallpox is characterized by a profuse rash that spreads very quickly throughout the entire body, including the scalp, face, mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva. The blisters quickly turn into pustules, merging with each other. The disease occurs with constant high fever and severe toxicosis. Mortality - 30%. With pustular-hemorrhagic smallpox, the incubation period is also shortened. There is a high temperature and toxicosis. Hemorrhagic manifestations develop already during the formation of papules, but especially intensively during the formation of pustules, the contents of which become bloody and give them first a dark brown and then a black color. Blood is found in sputum, vomit, and urine. The development of hemorrhagic pneumonia is possible. Mortality - 70%. With smallpox purpura (black smallpox), the incubation period is shortened. The temperature from the first day of illness rises to 40.5°. Characterized by multiple hemorrhages in the skin, mucous membranes and conjunctiva. Bleeding from the nose, lungs, stomach, and kidneys is observed. Mortality - 100%.

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Differential diagnosis. Smallpox at the height of the disease must first of all be differentiated from chickenpox. With the latter, the areas of the palms and soles are not affected by the elements of the rash, and in certain areas of the skin one can simultaneously see the elements of the rash from spots to vesicles and crusts. With chickenpox, the blisters are single-chambered and easily collapse when punctured. In the initial period of smallpox, differential diagnosis is carried out with measles and scarlet fever. It is necessary to focus on the typical location of the prodromal rash for smallpox (Simon's triangle, thoracic triangles).

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Diagnostics. Diagnosis is based on clinical, epidemiological data and laboratory confirmation. The material for research - blood, the contents of blisters, pustules, crusts - is taken, observing safety rules, in a full protective suit. The material is delivered in a sealed container. Laboratory diagnostic methods: Virological; Serological (RTGA).

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Treatment. For a long time, there were no effective treatments for smallpox, but magical techniques were widely used: for example, patients were dressed in red clothes before the rash began to “lure” smallpox out. At the end of the 19th century, Dr. W. O. Hubert proposed the treatment of smallpox by daily repeated vaccinations of smallpox vaccine to already infected people, both before the onset of symptoms of the disease and during its course. As a result of this treatment, it was possible to significantly mitigate the course of the disease, making it less severe. It is unknown why enhanced vaccinations have not come into widespread use.

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Regime and diet. Patients are hospitalized for 40 days from the onset of the disease. Bed rest (lasts until the crusts fall off). Air baths are recommended to reduce skin itching. The diet is mechanically and chemically gentle (table No. 4).

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Etiotropic treatment of smallpox: metisazone 0.6 g (children - 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight) 2 times a day for 4-6 days; ribavirin (virazol) - 100-200 mg/kg 1 time per day for 5 days; anti-smallpox immunoglobulin - 3-6 ml intramuscularly; prevention of secondary bacterial infection - semisynthetic penicillins, macrolides, cephalosporins

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Pathogenetic treatment of smallpox: cardiovascular drugs; vitamin therapy; desensitizing agents; glucose-salt and polyion solutions; glucocorticoids. Slide 35

Complications of smallpox: meningitis encephalitis pneumonia keratitis, which can result in blindness otitis media, which can lead to deafness infectious-toxic shock skin cellulitis lung abscess sepsis

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Correct and timely organization of anti-epidemic measures guarantees the localization of the source of the disease. Health workers, primarily the local network, if a patient is suspected of having smallpox, are required to carry out all measures provided to ensure the protection of the territory from the importation and spread of quarantine diseases. The plan for these activities is drawn up with the health authorities in accordance with specific conditions. An important preventive measure is always smallpox vaccination, proposed by the English. physician E. Jenner back in 1796 - it retains its importance as a method of emergency prevention in the event of the appearance of this disease. Prevention.

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When smallpox occurs, patients and persons suspected of having the disease are immediately isolated and hospitalized in a specially equipped hospital. The patient is sent to the hospital accompanied by a health worker, and a regimen should be followed to prevent the spread of infection. Persons who have come into contact with a smallpox patient or patients' belongings are isolated for medical observation for 14 days. Along with vaccination, they should receive emergency prophylaxis: donor anti-smallpox gamma globulin (0.5-1.0 ml per 1 kg of body weight) is administered intramuscularly for 4-6 days and the antiviral drug metisazone is prescribed orally (for adults - 0.6 g 2 times a day, for children - 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight). Any case of suspected smallpox must be immediately reported to the SES and the health department. In the outbreak of smallpox, current and final disinfection is carried out.

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Presentation on infectious diseases on the topic: “Smallpox.”

Completed by: Dreyling Olesya Anatolyevna Teacher: Eliseeva Larisa Yurievna

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Etiology. Smallpox is caused by a filterable virus (Strongyloplasma variolae). The causative agent of smallpox was discovered in 1906 in Germany by Enrique Paschen, therefore the visible elementary particles of the virus are called Paschen bodies. The virus contains RNA, has a size of 200-300 microns, multiplies in the cytoplasm with the formation of inclusions. The variola virus has an antigenic affinity with red blood cells of group A in human blood, which causes weak immunity, high morbidity and mortality in the corresponding group of people.

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Epidemiology.

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Pathogenesis.

The virus penetrates through the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract into the regional lymph nodes, after 1-2 days it enters the blood, and viremia develops. Viruses are absorbed by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system (a system of cells scattered in different parts of the body, carrying a barrier, phagocytic and metabolic function), where they multiply and re-enter the blood with the spread of the virus to epithelial tissue, with the development of exanthema and enanthema.

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Clinical picture.

The incubation period is 5-14 days, occasionally extending to 22 days.

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There are several clinical forms of smallpox:

Mild form of alastrim varioloid smallpox without rash

smallpox without fever

2. Moderate form: (disseminated smallpox)

3. Severe form of confluent smallpox

hemorrhagic smallpox

smallpox purpura

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Moderate form.

prodromal, or precursors (2-4 days); periods of rash (4-5 days); suppuration (7-10 days); convalescence (20-30 days).

There are several periods of the disease:

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Diagnostics.

Diagnosis is based on clinical, epidemiological data and laboratory confirmation. The material for research - blood, the contents of blisters, pustules, crusts - is taken, observing safety rules, in a full protective suit. The material is delivered in a sealed container.

Laboratory diagnostic methods: Virological; Serological (RTGA).

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Symptomatic treatment of smallpox: analgesics; sleeping pills; local treatment: oral cavity with a 1% solution of sodium bicarbonate 5-6 times a day, and before meals - 0.1-0.2 g of benzocaine (anesthetic), eyes - 15-20% solution of sodium sulfacyl 3-4 times a day , eyelids - 1% solution of boric acid 4-5 times a day, rash elements - 3-5% solution of potassium permanganate. During the period of crust formation, 1% menthol ointment is used to reduce itching.

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Prevention.

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Previously, all people were vaccinated against smallpox. But in 1979, the global commission to certify the eradication of smallpox in the world confirmed the fact of the complete eradication of smallpox. At the XXXIII session of WHO in 1980, the eradication of smallpox from Earth was officially announced. And since the 80s of the last century in Russia they stopped vaccinating against this disease. Currently, the variola virus exists only in two laboratories in the United States and Russia. The question of the final destruction of the smallpox virus has been postponed until 2014.

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biology teacher

Zaitseva Olga Petrovna

1) Smallpox

2) History of the study

3) Edward Jenner

4) Etiology

5) Symptoms

6) Famous victims of smallpox; Survivors of smallpox

7) List of used literature

( lat. Variola, Variola vera ) or, as it was previously called, smallpox is a highly contagious (infectious) viral infection that only affects humans.

It is caused by two types of viruses:

1) Variola major (mortality rate 20-40%, according to some data - up to 90%)

2) Variola minor (mortality rate 1-3%).

People who survive smallpox may lose some or all of their vision, and almost always have numerous scars on the skin where the former ulcers were.

Variolation (vaccination with an early, unsafe vaccine) was known in the East at least from the early Middle Ages: in India there are records of it from the 8th century, and in China from the 10th century.

This vaccination technique was first brought to Europe from Turkey by the wife of the British ambassador in Istanbul in 1718, after which the British royal family was vaccinated.

At the end of the 18th century, an English doctor Edward Jenner invented a smallpox vaccine based on the cowpox virus, which was widely vaccinated in Europe.

Cowpox virus

Edward Jenner (1749-1823.)

Edward Jenner, born May 17, 1749. in the English town of Berkeley. Having chosen the profession of a doctor, he went to London to obtain a medical education.

Smallpox is a disease that claims millions of lives every year. Since ancient times, people have been looking for ways to combat this disease. It was known that people did not get sick with smallpox again. Liquid from a smallpox abscess of a patient was rubbed into a wound on the skin of a healthy person.

Often this liquid was pre-mixed with medications. Then the person suffered from smallpox in a mild form. From the Latin name this procedure is called variolation. It often led to smallpox epidemics. Edward Jenner couldn't help but think about how to learn to protect people without endangering his life

A talented scientist began to collect facts to confirm or refute the existing popular observation: a person who has had cowpox is not afraid of natural, or black, smallpox. Then he came up with the idea that cowpox and smallpox are two forms of the same disease, and a person who has had mild cowpox cannot get severe blackpox. The scientist decided to conduct an experiment to confirm his idea.

The decisive day came on May 14, 1796. He made two tiny incisions on the shoulder of a healthy eight-year-old boy with a lancet, which he dipped into an abscess on the arm of a milkmaid with cowpox. After a few days of the usual malaise associated with cowpox, the boy was healthy.

“On July 1, 1796, I took liquid from the smallpox abscess of a smallpox patient and rubbed it into the boy’s wound.”

“I didn’t sleep a minute for three days and constantly visited the child. After 3 days it became clear that the boy remained completely healthy. After the first attempt, I repeated the experiment 23 times before officially declaring my discovery.” Soon the vaccine began to be used everywhere.

In typical cases, smallpox is characterized by general intoxication, fever, peculiar rashes on the skin and mucous membranes, successively passing through the stages of spot, vesicle, pustule, crust and scar.

The causative agent of smallpox belongs to the family of viruses Poxviridae , subfamilies Chordopoxviridae , kind Orthopoxvirus ; contains DNA, has a size of 200-350 nm, multiplies in the cytoplasm to form inclusions.

When inhaling contaminated air, viruses enter the respiratory tract. Infection through the skin during variolation and transplacentally is possible. The virus enters the nearest lymph nodes and then into the blood, which leads to viremia. Weakening of the immune system leads to the activation of secondary flora and the transformation of vesicles into pustules, and scars are formed.

In the typical course of smallpox, the incubation period lasts 8-12 days.

The initial period is characterized by chills, increased body temperature, severe tearing pain in the lower back, sacrum and limbs, severe thirst, dizziness, headache, and vomiting. Sometimes the onset of the disease is mild.

Elizabeth I ( Queen of England )
Mirabeau
Nikolay Gnedich

( blind in one eye )

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Joseph Stalin

Maria II ( Queen of England )
Joseph I ( emperor

Holy Roman Empire )

Louis I of Spain
Peter II
Louis XV

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Chicken pox Worked on the presentation: Zhirkov Dmitry Plan

Characteristics of the pathogen
Epidemiology
Symptoms
Prevention

Virus structure

Varicella zoster virus

Epidimiology The source of infection is a sick person who poses an epidemic danger from the end incubation period and until the crusts fall off. The pathogen is spread by airborne droplets. Mostly children aged 6 months to 7 years are affected. Adults rarely get chickenpox, as they usually experience it in childhood. In persons with severe immunodeficiency of various etiologies (in rare cases with HIV infection and in patients after organ transplantation; often with acclimatization, decreased immunity caused by severe stress Susceptibility to V. o. high. Children of preschool and primary school age are most often affected. Children under 2 months of age. and adults rarely get sick. Greatest morbidity occurs in the autumn-winter period.) re-infection is possible. Symptoms Disease usually begins acutely with an increase in temperature, appears almost simultaneously rash on the skin, scalp and mucous membranes. The rash occurs within 3-4 days, sometimes longer. The primary element of the rash is small spot or papule ( nodule), which very quickly (within a few hours) turn into a vesicle (vesicle) with hyperemia around it ( rice.). Chickenpox round vesicles are located on non-infiltrated skin; after 1-3 days they burst and dry out. The drying of the bubble begins from the center, then it gradually turns into a dense crust, after which there are no scars after falling off. Since chickenpox elements do not appear all at once, but at intervals of 1-2 days, on the skin at the same time you can see elements of the rash at different stages of development (spot, nodule, vesicle, crust) - the so-called false polymorphism rash. Sometimes disease begins with a short prodrome (low-grade fever, deterioration of health). Before the chickenpox elements erupt, and more often during the period of their maximum rashes A scarlet fever or measles-like rash may appear.

Skin rashes due to chickenpox: papules, fresh and drying blisters (vesicles), surrounded by a zone of hyperemia.

There are typical (mild, moderate and severe) and atypical forms of V. o. In mild cases, the general condition of the patient is satisfactory. The temperature is sometimes normal, but more often subfebrile, rarely exceeding 38°. Rashes not abundant on the skin, on the mucous membranes - in the form of single elements. The duration of the rash is 2-4 days. The moderate form is characterized by a small intoxication, elevated temperature, quite profuse rashes and itching. The duration of the rash is 4-5 days. As it dries vesicle the temperature normalizes and the child’s well-being improves. The severe form is characterized by a profuse rash on the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, eye, genitals. Temperature is high, observed vomit, lack of appetite, poor dream, the child’s anxiety due to severe itching. The duration of the rash is 7-9 days. Treatment. Patients are usually treated at home; Only children with severe or complicated forms of V. are hospitalized. Careful hygiene is required care aimed at preventing secondary infection (daily baths with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, ironing underwear). The rash elements are lubricated with a 1-2% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate or a 1-2% aqueous or alcoholic solution of brilliant green. Necessarily rinsing mouth after eating. When purulent complications occur, it is indicated antibiotics.

Consequences: After the illness, only single scars remain in place of the burst blisters. They persist for quite a long time (the older the person and the more severe the illness, the longer) and completely disappear only after a few months, and sometimes remain for life (for example, if they are scratched). In addition, a person becomes a lifelong carrier of the herpes virus; it is stored in the cells of the nervous tissue and, with a decrease in the body’s defenses or stress, can manifest itself in the form of shingles.

Prevention: Isolation. Anyone who has been in contact with the patient must be isolated for 21 days. Patients can return to the team no earlier than 5 days after the last element of the rash appears.

Vaccination: All currently available commercial vaccines contain attenuated live Oka virus. Numerous variations of this strain have been tested and registered in Japan, South Korea, the USA and several European countries. The optimal age for vaccination is 12-24 months. In the United States, the vaccine is given twice, 4-8 weeks apart, and is also recommended for adolescents 13 years of age and older. Most other countries limit it to a single shot. This difference in the use of vaccines is due to their different dosages. About 95% of children will produce antibodies in response to vaccination and 70-90% will be protected from infection for at least 7-10 years after vaccination. According to Japanese researchers (Japan is the first country in which the vaccine was registered), immunity lasts 10-20 years. It is safe to say that the circulating virus promotes “re-vaccination” of vaccinated people, increasing the duration of immunity. In addition to purely preventive indications, the vaccine can be used for emergency prevention of infection - if the vaccination is given no later than the 3rd day after probable contact with the source, the infection can be prevented in at least 90% of cases. Vaccines for the prevention of chickenpox: Okavax vaccine, Biken (Biken Institute), (Distributor - Aventis Pasteur) Varilrix vaccine, GlaxoSmithKline Sources:

Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical encyclopedia. 1991-96
First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Medical Terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984
Internet resources http://glavmed.com.ua/