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Acute hypotension. Hypotension (arterial hypotension) - causes, symptoms and treatment

Hypotension is a condition characterized by low blood pressure. The normal lower pressure limit is considered to be 100 mmHg. for systolic, and 60 mmHg. for diastolic. Anything below these values is considered hypotension.

Types of hypotension

Hypotension, just like hypertension, can be physiological, that is, due to natural causes, such as, for example, hypotension in residents of high mountain areas due to adaptation of the body, or it can be pathological, developing as a result of various diseases.

In general, there are many variants of hypotension, in particular, it can be an independent condition, that is, primary, or it can only act as a symptom of the disease, this is secondary hypotension, it can be generalized (central hypotension), and it can be fixed only on one arm (with Takayasu syndrome ). Central hypotension can be acute or chronic. Acute occurs when there is a sudden disturbance in cardiac output, a sharp decrease in blood volume, which occurs during trauma with blood loss, as well as during orthostatic shock. Orthostatic shock, or orthostatic collapse, is a short-term attack of acute hypotension due to a sudden change in body position.

Chronic hypotension as an independent pathology can be one of the manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia or be explained by another nervous or cardiovascular pathology, but in most cases it has no identifiable causes. In this case, doctors associate its origin with a hereditary factor.

Signs of hypotension

How can you tell if you have hypotension without using a blood pressure monitor? The most common signs of hypotension are general lethargy, drowsiness, pale skin, increased sensitivity to cold (“freezing”) and less often to heat, weather dependence, and frequent dizziness. They say about such people that they can barely drag their feet, and indeed, this is exactly how a hypotensive person usually feels. People suffering from hypotension do not tolerate physical activity very well, responding to it with an increased heart rate. In men, a persistent decrease in blood pressure is often accompanied by a decrease in sexual desire and potency; in hypotensive women, various menstrual irregularities are common.

It is interesting that what in the old days was called phlegmaticity seems to be nothing more than hypotension, in any case, it has many similarities with its symptoms. The languid young ladies from ancient novels, pale, speaking in weak, quiet voices and trying to faint for any reason, can also serve as a textbook on hypotension, from which we can conclude that this condition has been known to people for a long time.

Establishing a diagnosis

The diagnosis of hypotension is not difficult to make; a description of the clinical picture and a simple pressure measurement is sufficient. It is much more difficult to establish the cause of low blood pressure. It is necessary to find out whether this condition is primary or secondary. Secondary hypotension is considered by doctors more closely, since many common diseases often manifest themselves in this way. First of all, diseases of the cardiovascular system are excluded, then the nervous system. In addition to them, secondary hypotension can be a sign of many diseases, from chronic tonsillitis to renal pathology, so diagnosis may require quite extensive research.

Primary hypotension, especially that which accompanies a person for many years, and sometimes throughout his life, is usually considered as one of the normal variants.

How is hypotension treated?

Treatment of hypotension is necessary, again, if its pathological nature is established. Since in this case it always acts as either a sign of a serious disorder or a symptom of an underlying disease, all attention should be focused on the general condition of the body, and the pathology that has affected the decrease in blood pressure should be treated.

As for acute hypotension, everything is clear - it is necessary to eliminate its cause as soon as possible. Orthostatic shock is not considered a serious pathology if a medical examination does not show any abnormalities, and therefore it does not require special treatment. In this condition, it is enough to stand quietly for a few minutes or sit down with your head down, and it goes away without any consequences.

Treatment of hypotension, which accompanies a person throughout his life and does not have any detectable causes, is usually not required, since it does not lead to any disorders in the body. There is a medical expression that hypertensive people live well, but not for long, and hypotensive people live long, but poorly. This must be understood in such a way that hypertension is a much more serious pathology from a health point of view, but at the same time, hypertensive patients are usually active and cheerful, sometimes even too much. Hypotension, unlike hypertension, is not a life-threatening condition; there is even evidence that, on the contrary, a decrease in pressure helps to increase life expectancy by almost 10 years compared to the average, but the usual state of health of hypotensive patients is weakness, heaviness and fatigue.

What to do in such a situation? After all, it is much more pleasant to be active and feel a surge of strength than the other way around. Physiological hypotension can also be corrected, but this is usually achieved through non-drug means, and they must be used throughout life.

Correction of physiological hypotension

Physiological hypotension is exactly the case when tonic drinks are not just harmless, but rather beneficial. A cup of natural coffee in the morning, and one or two cups during the day for hypotension is more a necessity than a pleasure. Coffee can be replaced with strong tea, and both black and green tea are suitable.

Hypotensive patients often experience seasonal deterioration in their condition, in early spring and late autumn. During these periods, herbal stimulants of the nervous system, such as ginseng, eleutherococcus, golden mustache, Aralia Manchurian, etc., can be prescribed.

Despite the fact that people susceptible to hypotension do not favor physical activity, it is indicated for them more than anyone else. Nothing contributes more to the fight against hypotension than moderate exercise—precisely moderate, since in professional athletes, on the contrary, adaptive hypotension often develops in response to excessive physical activity.

Good results can be achieved with the help of a massage course.

The lifestyle of a hypotensive person is of great importance. It is necessary to get enough sleep, but not to become overly drowsy, by setting yourself an optimal sleep and rest schedule. The diet should be balanced, with sufficient vitamins and minerals; it is very important not to overeat.

You need to try to lead not only a physically, but also an emotionally active life, meet people, take an interest in current events, participate in public life - vitality is also supported by emotions.

Changes in blood pressure caused by cardiovascular diseases can occur both upward and downward. Depending on the root causes of origin, it is customary to distinguish between two main types of damage - hypertensive and hypotonic. , its causes and treatment, prevention of the development of the disease are discussed in detail in this article.

The arterial type of hypotension refers to conditions that are accompanied by a constant decrease in blood pressure levels below 100/60 units in males and 95/60 units in females. A once-registered drop in blood pressure is not considered a sign of the development of the disease - it includes constantly reduced blood pressure levels.

Persistent low blood pressure is common and is present in 7% of people. This category of people does not have pathological changes in the body, and there are also no complaints about the general condition. This option is classified as normative - a physiological type that does not require specific treatment.

The danger of the disease lies in insufficient blood supply to organs and systems. Reduced blood pressure levels provoke oxygen starvation of the brain, as a result of which patients often experience:

vomit;
nausea;
dizziness;
short-term loss of consciousness.

Chronically low blood pressure can lead to stroke over time. In some cases, there is a transition from hypotension to arterial hypertension - a chronic disease that requires constant drug therapy. The reasons for the change in condition may be incorrect treatment, age-related changes (over the years, cholesterol plaques accumulate in the vessels).

Kinds

Experts divide the disease according to the presence of pathological manifestations against the background of constantly reduced blood pressure:

physiological – individual norm, illness of athletes, women in the last quarter of pregnancy, problem of adaptation;
pathological - against the background of non-standard functionality of individual internal organs and systems.

The secondary division occurs according to the forms of development of the pathological process:

acute – developing against the background of shock, collapse and transient hypotension of the orthostatic type;
chronic – constantly present, without the ability to restore blood pressure to standard values independently.

pain in the chest area;
loss of sensation in the upper and lower extremities;
disturbance of the rhythm of the heart muscle.

The above manifestations indicate a severe pathological process and require consultation with a cardiologist.

Frequently reported common symptoms of hypotension include:

sudden or gradual darkening of the eyes - when changing body position;
increased relaxation of the muscles of the limbs - especially when waking up in the morning;
periodic dizziness - with short-term loss of consciousness;
painful sensations in the temporal and occipital areas;
constant drowsiness;
weather dependence;
increased irritability;
nausea leading to vomiting;
increased functionality of the sweat glands;
shortness of breath;
night sleep disturbances – insomnia;
fast fatiguability;
reduced performance;
general lethargy;
memory impairment;
feeling of insufficient air supply.

Refusal of a diagnostic test, ignoring the proposed treatment, or untimely seeking professional help can provoke the development of pathological conditions.

Complications

A hypotonic crisis occurs when there is psycho-emotional overload due to stressful situations or excessive physical effort. The duration of the attack is from ten minutes, it can manifest itself:

painful sensations in the chest area;
feeling of acute lack of oxygen;
periodic;
paleness and moisture of the skin;
decreased heart rate;
a decrease in pressure to critical levels.

After the end of the attack, the patient experiences drowsiness, lethargy and a state of general weakness. Any acute conditions with a drop in blood pressure require professional help.

Hypotension is characterized by a number of complications:

Signs of complicated hypotension require emergency medical care in a hospital setting.

Diagnostics

Upon initial visit to a medical facility, the patient is sent for a number of diagnostic tests:

After confirming the presumptive diagnosis, the patient is prescribed an individual treatment regimen.

Low blood pressure therapy methods

The causes and treatment of hypotension are inextricably linked. Without determining the preceding factors in the development of the pathological condition, any therapeutic interventions will be ineffective.

After determining the prerequisites for the formation of the disease, the cardiologist recommends that the patient change his usual lifestyle:

Stabilization of periods of rest and work - the patient must adhere to a strict schedule, including 8 hours of sleep. Patients should sleep on beds with a raised headboard - in the absence of a specialized orthopedic bed, the height can be increased with the help of additional pillows. Prolonged stay in a horizontal position (one plane) negatively affects the circulatory system during hypotension.
Changing the daily diet - the number of meals increases, and portions decrease. Particular attention is paid to the incoming liquid - its volume must exceed two liters. All food products must be fortified with vitamins and minerals; there are no restrictions on the amount of table salt (unless there are contraindications).
Refusal of alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks, tobacco products.
Light physical activity with a gradual increase is used to prevent hypotension.

Additionally, treatment may include:

sports massage;
hydrotherapy - using Charcot's shower, hydromassage, mineral baths;
aromatherapy;
physiotherapy;
Exercise therapy – under the supervision of a specialist.

In half of the cases, the use restores the patient’s health – subject to the initial stages of the disease.

Treatment with drugs

Drug correction of the pathological condition includes:

multivitamin complexes - “Duovit”, “MultiMax”, “Vitrum”;
antidepressants - “Deprim”, “Dopelgerts Nervotonic”, “Novoimanin”;
drugs for headaches (with low blood pressure) - “Pentalgin”, “Benalgin”, “Citramon”;
adrenomimetics (for) - “Regulton”, “Gutron”;
nootropics (normalize blood circulation by regulating metabolic processes in the central nervous system) - Piracetam, Pantogam, Aminalon.

To stabilize the condition and have a general tonic effect, pharmaceutical tinctures are often used:

ginseng;
Chinese lemongrass;
aralia;
echinacea;
Rhodiola rosea.

Against the background of an acute drop in blood pressure, the patient’s condition must be stabilized with the help of vasoconstrictors and cardiotonics. All medications are prescribed by the attending physician strictly individually - independent use of drugs is strictly prohibited. Uncontrolled use can lead to serious complications, including hypotensive crisis.

Treatment with folk remedies

Therapy using a home formula should be carried out after the approval of the attending physician. Traditional methods must be known to be safe for the patient and not provoke spontaneous allergic reactions. The most well-known auxiliary techniques include:

First aid

Primary emergency care for hypotension involves performing a series of sequential actions to raise blood pressure:

Place the patient in bed with a cushion under his feet to increase pressure.
If a bed is not available, the sick person is seated and asked to lower his head below his knees.
The sick person is asked to calm down and try to breathe evenly - shallowly, at regular intervals.
In case of short-term loss of consciousness, they give ammonia to smell - a cotton swab previously soaked in a solution of ammonia.
Sweet, not too hot tea is prepared for the patient.

If there is no necessary positive effect - no increase in blood pressure - you need to go to an ambulance.

Prevention of hypotension

periodic visits to a local cardiologist - at least once a year;
constant active lifestyle - long walks on foot, feasible physical activity, swimming in the pool;
daily contrast shower will keep blood vessels in good shape;
changing the daily diet - with a predominance of foods containing sufficient amounts of minerals and vitamins;
seasonal vitamin therapy;
compliance with the requirements for rest and work schedules;
eliminating stressful situations – up to changing jobs.

Following these rules will help stabilize the functioning of internal organs and systems and avoid sudden changes in pressure. It is easier to prevent the disease than to subsequently use maintenance therapy for chronic hypotension.

Still have questions? Ask them in the comments! A cardiologist will answer them.

Hypotension (arterial hypotension)– low blood pressure is a condition of the body characterized by a decrease in arterial tone.

Hypotension is characterized by a decrease in systolic pressure below 100 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - below 60 mm Hg. Art. The figures for the upper and lower limits of blood pressure for people who have passed the thirty-year mark are 105/65 mm Hg. Art.

Causes and types of hypotension

The causes of hypotension are very different. We can distinguish physiological arterial hypotension, which occurs in healthy people, and pathological, which is a disease.

Physiological hypotension

Physiological hypotension often has a hereditary nature and depends on the constitution of the person. It is observed in healthy people doing normal work. Hypotension occasionally occurs in athletes. It can also develop when a person moves to high mountains or to places with a subtropical and tropical climate. This is due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure in these areas, air temperatures (very low or high), and excessive solar activity. Manifestations of hypotension in these cases are temporary and disappear after adaptation to these factors.

Pathological arterial hypotension can be primary and secondary, acute and chronic. It can also be called vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypotonic type. This is primary arterial hypotension. It develops as a result of dysregulation of vascular tone by the central nervous system.

The speed of blood flow through the vessels remains normal, the heart begins to increase blood output, but it turns out to be insufficient and blood pressure does not normalize.

Hormones play an important role in the development of this disease. The kidneys and adrenal glands produce several hormones involved in regulating blood pressure. In addition, patients may have changes in the amount of sodium and potassium in the blood (decreased sodium and increased potassium).

Important reasons leading to the occurrence of this disease include stress, psychological trauma, neurotic conditions, occupational hazards, and alcohol abuse. According to one of the modern theories, hypotension is a neurosis of the vasomotor centers of the brain.

Secondary arterial hypotension

Secondary arterial hypotension occur in various diseases. Among them are thyroid diseases, gastric ulcers, anemia, inflammation of liver cells, tumors, as well as the effects of certain medications on the body.

Symptoms of hypotension

They are numerous and varied. Most often, patients complain of weakness (especially in the morning), lethargy, fatigue that quickly sets in during normal activities, headaches, a feeling of lack of air, insomnia, pain in the heart, heaviness in the stomach, and loss of appetite. In addition, there are often stool disorders (usually constipation), menstrual irregularities in women and decreased potency in men.

Let us dwell in more detail on heart pain and headaches. Based on the predominance of one or the other sensation, the cardiac and cerebral variants of hypotension are distinguished.

Pain in the heart area is usually dull, aching, and does not spread to the left arm and shoulder blade, unlike an attack of pain with coronary heart disease. It does not go away when taking nitroglycerin, which can even worsen the condition. The pain may appear at rest, after morning sleep, and sometimes it appears with too much physical activity. A painful attack can last for several hours or even days or occur repeatedly during the day. A few light exercises usually reduce pain and make you feel better.

Patients can only complain of frequent headaches (with the cerebral variant), which appear after work, sleep, when the weather changes, and after eating too much. The pain is concentrated more often in the forehead and temples and can last for a long time. Sometimes dizziness, nausea and vomiting occur. During attacks, patients experience increased sensitivity to loud sounds, bright light, the condition worsens when staying in a stuffy room and standing for a long time. Being in the fresh air and doing exercises usually reduce pain symptoms. Often the main complaints are accompanied by temporary pain in various joints and muscles.

In some cases, when the patient suddenly gets out of bed, systolic pressure may drop to 50 mmHg. Art.; loss of consciousness occurs. When moving to a horizontal position, the person’s condition normalizes.

Externally, patients with hypotension have pallor and sweating feet. When listening and determining the pulse, an unstable pulse and rapid heartbeat are detected. Body temperature in the morning is below 36 °C, blood pressure is always reduced.

Deterioration in health most often occurs in spring and summer, after suffering from colds and infectious diseases.

Treatment of hypotension

Treatment of hypotension is not an easy task. The patient must follow a daily routine (at least 8 hours of sleep at night) and perform physical exercises in the form of gymnastics, swimming, and walking. Exercises do not have to be complicated or lengthy.

Among medications, drugs with a sedative effect are mainly used, since patients are often irritated, tearful, and experience a feeling of anxiety and fear. In addition, tonics are used (rhodiola rosea, echinacea, leuzea, pantocrine, ginseng, aralia in the form of tinctures and extracts). A combination of tonic and sedative substances gives a positive result.

Physiological hypotension

Physiological hypotension, if it does not cause discomfort, does not require treatment. To eliminate drowsiness that accompanies low blood pressure, sometimes it is enough to adjust your daily routine and increase the duration of sleep. You can also use the following drugs:

Caffeine sodium benzoate– tablets to increase blood pressure. If hypotension is accompanied by headaches, use cofalgin, citramon, Pentalgin.
Tonginal– homeopathic drops for the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypotensive type.
Tinctures ginseng, eleutherococcus, aralia, lemongrass, apilak tablets to improve performance, eliminate weakness, apathy, and increase blood pressure.
Vitamin and mineral complexes: Duovit, Supradin, Multi-Tabs, Vitrum.
For weather sensitivity - drops or capsules antifront.
For mood changes - herbal antidepressants, for example, deprim containing St. John's wort.

Pathological arterial hypotension

If, as a result of the examination, it is determined that hypotension is a consequence of neurological disorders, abnormalities in the cardiovascular system, pathologies of the thyroid gland, stomach or liver, the underlying disease is treated under the supervision of a doctor.

To treat hypotension, many physiotherapeutic procedures are used that increase vascular tone, improve the mood and performance of hypotensive patients:

Circular shower– thin jets of warm water are applied to the patient’s body for 3–5 minutes.
Pouring– the water temperature is from 17 to 20 degrees, after dousing the skin, rub it with a towel until it turns red.
Cryotherapy– treatment with a dry air-nitrogen mixture at temperature - 160 degrees for three minutes. Due to the temperature difference, a powerful vasoconstrictor effect occurs.
Electrophoresis on the collar area using solutions of calcium chloride and caffeine.
Ultraviolet irradiation– the entire surface of the body is exposed to irradiation, which improves blood circulation and increases vascular tone.
Balneotherapy– taking turpentine, radon, and pearl baths.
Aeroionotherapy– inhalation of ionized air.
Hydrotherapy– underwater shower-massage, various types of therapeutic showers (fan, rain, circular, contrast) and baths (sodium chloride, radon, nitrogen, iodine-bromine).
Massage– a good effect is observed during courses of therapeutic manual massage of the neck and upper back.

Some types of physiotherapy should not be performed if the patient has coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, thrombophlebitis, or during acute infectious processes.

Sauna therapy is indicated for patients with a cardiac variant of hypotension. It is advisable to carry out the procedures 1-2 times a week in long courses. Of the hardware methods, electrosleep, aeroionotherapy (inhalation of air enriched with ozone), galvanic collar, darsonvalization of the neck and scalp, as well as the heart area are very useful.

Treatment of hypotension with folk remedies

Aralia Manchurian. Pour crushed Manchurian aralia root with 70% alcohol in a ratio of 1:5 and leave for 10 days. Take 2-3 times a day, 30-40 drops in one tablespoon of cold boiled water for 1-1.5 months. Store the tincture in a cool place.
Ginseng. Ginseng root preparations have a tonic effect against arterial hypotension. Prepare a vodka tincture at a ratio of 1:5. Take 25 drops 3 times a day.
Zamanikha high. Preparations of high-grade zamanikha are similar in their effect to ginseng preparations. Prepare a vodka tincture at a ratio of 1:5. Take 30–40 drops 2 times a day.
Ginger. You can increase your blood pressure with ginger. Dissolve 1/2 teaspoon of ginger powder in a glass of strong sweet tea. Drink 3 times a day for a week. Do not increase the dose, as your heart rate may increase.
Coffee, honey and lemon. Roast and grind 50 g of coffee beans, add 0.5 kg of honey, juice of 1 lemon and mix thoroughly. Take 1 teaspoon of the mixture 2 hours after meals. Store it in the refrigerator.
Leuzea safflower. Prepare an alcohol tincture of Leuzea safflower (maral root). Take 20–30 drops in one tablespoon of cold boiled water 2 times a day, before breakfast and lunch, 30 minutes before meals.
Schisandra chinensis. Pour the crushed fruits of Schisandra chinensis with 40-degree alcohol in a ratio of 1:10 and leave for 2 weeks. Take 25–40 drops (depending on age and body weight) per 1 tablespoon of cold boiled water 2 times a day, before breakfast and lunch, 30 minutes before meals.
Caustic sedum. Pour 20 g of dry crushed sedum herb into 1 cup of boiling water. Boil in a water bath for 10 minutes, cool, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
Prepare ingredients in the following proportions: calamus (root) – 1 part, verbena (leaves) – 2 parts, gorse (herb) – 2 parts, oregano (herb) – 4 parts, St. John’s wort (herb) – 14 parts, fireweed (leaves) – 4 parts, mint (leaves) – 2 parts, large plantain (leaves) – 4 parts, knotweed (herb) – 2 parts, rose hips (fruits) – 6 parts. 2-3 tablespoons of the mixture are poured into a thermos in the evening, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. The next day, filter. The dose is drunk in 3 doses, warm, 20–40 minutes before meals.
Royal jelly. For low blood pressure, dizziness and depression, take royal jelly in the form of 2 g tablets with honey 3-4 times a day before meals. However, this remedy is contraindicated in Addison's disease, acute infectious diseases of the adrenal glands.
Rhodiola rosea (golden root). Rhodiola rosea extract (golden root) take 5-10 drops 2-3 times a day 15-20 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is 10–20 days.
Collection No. 1. 4 parts of oregano herb, 2 parts of medicinal hyssop herb, lemon balm herb, fragrant rue herb, yarrow herb, 0.5 liters of boiling water. Mix all ingredients, 3 tbsp. l. pour the collection into a thermos, pour boiling water over it. Leave for 6 hours. Strain. Take 20–30 minutes before meals, 1 glass 3 times a day.
Collection No. 2. 5 parts of hawthorn fruit, 1 part each of wild strawberry leaves, white mistletoe leaves, wormwood herb, 0.5 liters of boiling water. Mix all ingredients, 2 tbsp. l. pour boiling water over the collection, leave in a thermos for 6 hours. Strain, squeeze out the raw materials. Take 1 glass 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Collection No. 3. 10 g of licorice roots, string grass, Panaceria fluffy grass, buckwheat grass, 5 g of ground valerian roots, 1 liter of cold water. 5 tbsp. l. Mix the collection thoroughly, add water, put on low heat until it boils, pour into a thermos and leave for 10 hours. Then strain, squeeze out the raw materials. Take 40 minutes before bedtime for a month.
Collection No. 4. 15 g of crushed valerian root, hop cones, 30 g of motherwort herb, 1 glass of boiling water. Mix all ingredients thoroughly, 1 tbsp. l. pour boiling water over the collection and leave for 40 minutes. Strain, squeeze out the raw materials, bring with boiled water to the original volume. Take 1/2 cup 2 times a day, regardless of meals.
Collection No. 5. 15 g each of chopped chicory roots, ground oats, 2 cups of boiling water. Pour the mixture into a thermos, pour boiling water, leave for 2 hours. Take 60–70 ml 30 minutes before meals.
Collection No. 6. Prepare the ingredients in the following proportions: calamus rhizome – 1/2 part, ivy grass – 2 parts, verbena herb – 1 part, gorse herb – 1 part, oregano herb – 2 parts, St. John’s wort herb – 7 parts, common juniper fruits - 1/2 part, fireweed grass - 2 parts, peppermint leaves - 1 part, large plantain leaf - 2 parts, knotweed grass - 1 part, cinnamon rose hips - 3 parts. Every evening, pour 2-3 tablespoons of the mixture (depending on the patient’s body weight) into a thermos (0.5 l) and pour boiling water over it. The next day, drink the entire infusion in 3 warm doses 20–30 minutes before meals for neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type.
Collection No. 7. Prepare the ingredients in the following proportions: rhodiola rosea (root), tall zamanika (root), rose hips (fruit) - 4 parts each; nettle (leaves), hawthorn (fruits) – 3 parts each; St. John's wort (herb) – 2 parts. Pour two tablespoons of the mixture into 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave for 10 hours, boil for 1 minute, strain, cool. Drink 100 ml of decoction 3 times a day.
Collection No. 8. Prepare the ingredients in the following proportions: prickly tartar (grass) – 10 parts; cinnamon rosehip (fruit) – 6 parts; white birch (leaves), speedwell (herb), dandelion (root) – 4 parts each; wild strawberry (leaves), medicinal hyssop (herb), stinging nettle (herb), black currant (herb), horsetail (herb) - 2 parts each; elecampane (root), peppermint (leaves) - 1 part each. Pour 2–3 tablespoons of the mixture (depending on the patient’s body weight) into a thermos in the evening and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. The next day, drink the entire infusion in 3 warm doses 20–40 minutes before meals.
Tatarnik prickly. 1 tsp. prickly tartar herb, 1 cup boiling water. Pour boiling water over the herb, cover with a lid, leave for 20 minutes in a warm place. Strain, squeeze. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day before meals as a tonic.
Tatarnik prickly. A decoction of prickly tartar is recommended at the rate of 20 g of dried flower baskets and leaves per glass of water. Boil for 10 minutes over low heat, leave, covered, 30 minutes, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day to tone up and increase blood pressure. You can brew just the leaves.
Tsmin sandy. Prepare an infusion of immortelle flowers (sandy tsmin) at the rate of 10 g of flowers per 1 cup of boiling water. Take 20–30 drops 2 times a day on an empty stomach before breakfast and lunch 30 minutes before meals. Can also be taken as a tincture in the same proportions. According to another source, immortelle is recommended in the form of a decoction: 10–15 g per glass of water. Take 2 tablespoons chilled 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for 2-3 weeks.
Thistle. Pour a tablespoon of thistle leaves into a glass of boiling water, leave until cool, and strain. Drink 1/2 glass 3-4 times a day. You can also use fresh juice from the leaves of the plant. Take 1 teaspoon per day.
Eleutherococcus. Eleutherococcus, a ginseng substitute, has a stimulating and tonic effect. It improves well-being, increases the body's performance and resistance. It is recommended for use in cases of hypotension, neurasthenia, depression, diabetes, atherosclerosis and other diseases.

Diet and nutrition

Treatment of hypotension with diet is aimed at restoring the entire body. Protein, vitamin C and all B vitamins are found to be useful in the treatment and prevention of hypotension. Among them, a special place is given to vitamin B 3 (yeast, liver, egg yolk, green parts of plants, milk, carrots, etc.).

One effective home remedy is raw beetroot juice. The patient should drink at least 100 ml of this juice twice a day. Significant improvement occurs within a week.

Freshly brewed black or green tea, containing natural tonic substances, is an excellent drink for people prone to hypotensive reactions.

Hypotension, or, as this phenomenon is also called, arterial hypotension, is a condition of the human body in which blood pressure is reduced compared to normal levels. The norm is the ratio of systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) pressure 120/80 mmHg. Art. (small deviations are acceptable). Hypotension is characterized by a decrease in blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg. Art. It is necessary to treat hypotension when it adversely affects the general condition of the human body.

There are several types of physiological lowering of blood pressure:

hypotension as an individual variant of the norm, not accompanied by any unpleasant symptoms;
compensatory adaptive hypotension (develops in people living in high mountain areas);
orthostatic hypotension (due to sudden movement of the body from a horizontal to a vertical position, due to active physical exercise);
postprandial hypotension (a decrease in blood pressure after eating).

Causes of hypotension

Depending on the causes of this condition, the following forms of hypotension are distinguished.

Primary. This is a special form of neurosis-like disease of the vasomotor centers of the brain. The main causes of primary hypotension: severe stress, prolonged emotional stress.

Secondary. It is often a concomitant pathology with certain diseases of the thyroid gland, hepatitis, anemia, tumor diseases, gastric ulcers, tuberculosis, rheumatism, cirrhosis of the liver, brain injuries, when taking a number of medications, etc.

Often, hypotension is a sign of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD), a condition of the body that is characterized by disruption of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the functioning of organs. This can lead to disruption of the regulation of the cardiovascular system of the nervous and endocrine systems, and, accordingly, to disruption of heart rate, thermoregulation, decreased vascular tone, etc. VSD develops due to hormonal imbalances, neuroses, severe stress and psychological trauma, exposure harmful occupational factors, alcohol abuse.

Hypotension can also develop in healthy people, for example, in athletes with regular physical activity. In this case, low blood pressure acts as a kind of protective reaction of the body. A sharp change in climatic or weather conditions, increased humidity, the action of electromagnetic fields, radiation, etc. can also lead to a decrease in pressure.

Symptoms of hypotension

The main symptom of hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure to 90/60 mmHg. Art. or lower. Each person can measure their blood pressure independently at home using a tonometer. In addition, signs indicating arterial hypotension include the following:

feeling of general weakness, lethargy, drowsiness;
increased sweating;
disturbances in heat exchange processes (cold extremities);
increased heart rate;
sleep disorders;
emotional instability (periods of irritability, apathy);
dizziness and headache (mostly dull in the frontal and temporal regions);
aching pain in the heart;
dyspnea.

Sometimes hypotension can manifest itself as fainting, especially in rooms where there is little fresh air. In general, people with low blood pressure react negatively to changes in air temperature, changes in air humidity, as well as to various emotional stimuli. Isolated cases of these symptoms may not indicate the presence of hypotension, but if there are several symptoms and they are constant, then you should consult a doctor.

Consequences and complications of hypotension

Often, rare cases of hypotension, manifested by weakness, lethargy, nausea and other nothing more than unpleasant symptoms, are not accompanied by fatal consequences for the body. They only cause discomfort and reduce performance. However, a constant or systematic decrease in pressure can negatively affect the functioning of the heart, so treatment of hypotension is required.

Cardiac manifestations. People with hypotension have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems. A fast pulse means the heart is working hard. This is a kind of compensatory mechanism in order to provide tissues with oxygen, which is lacking due to the slow movement of blood through vessels with low tone. However, a rapid pulse is a serious burden on the heart.

Hypotension and pregnancy. Hypotension during pregnancy is a reason to go to an emergency appointment with a doctor. If the expectant mother systematically experiences low blood pressure, this can lead to oxygen starvation of the fetus due to poor oxygen supply to the placenta. This, in turn, threatens disruptions in the development of the unborn baby. It has been established that pregnant women with low blood pressure experience toxicosis and gestosis more often and more severely. Changes in blood pressure during pregnancy are often difficult to detect: fatigue, weakness, nausea and other signs of hypotension are often confused with characteristic symptoms of pregnancy caused by hormonal imbalance.

It is important to say that a sharp and sudden decrease in pressure with a deterioration in health may indicate intense internal bleeding, a heart attack and other internal problems that pose a threat to human life. In such cases, you should immediately consult a doctor (call an ambulance).

Diagnosis of hypotension

To diagnose hypotension, the therapist performs a number of actions:

carefully collects complaints, analyzes the description of each of the symptoms of hypotension;
finds out whether there is a hereditary predisposition, negative factors, etc.
examines the patient and listens to the heart and lungs;
performs thorough three-time pressure measurements, and, if necessary, establishes pressure monitoring for a week or more, daily pressure monitoring;
gives a referral to a cardiologist, neurologist or endocrinologist;
analyzes the conclusion on the composition of blood and urine, which includes a general and biochemical analysis, a blood test for glucose levels, protein spectrum, ion composition;
determines the level of catecholamines and endocrine profile in urine and blood;
refers for ultrasound of the heart, Doppler, electrocardiography;
performs load tests.

In some cases, additional studies are performed before treatment: CT or MRI of the head, ultrasound of the kidneys, adrenal glands, and thyroid gland.

Treatment of hypotension

If hypotension is a sign of another disease, treat it. In case of primary hypotension not associated with other diseases, comprehensive non-drug and medicinal measures are carried out to prevent secondary changes in organs and systems associated with chronic lack of oxygen.

General recommendations. Patients are advised to follow a strict daily regimen, including adequate sleep, a reasonable ratio of work and rest, good nutrition, dosed physical activity, walking for at least 2 hours a day, regular airing of rooms, humidification of the air, giving up bad habits, sudden changes in body position, hardening and etc.

Medication correction. To normalize vascular tone, heart rate, and neutralize the effects of negative environmental factors, the following groups of drugs are prescribed: adaptogens, psychomotor stimulants, analeptic drugs, adrenomimetics (for emergency care in case of a sharp drop in pressure), anticholinergics (for vagotonia), nootropics, complexes of vitamins and minerals and etc.

Phytotherapy. Drug treatment of hypotension can be accompanied by taking general tonic adaptogen drugs, stimulants (in particular, coffee and tea), baths with plant decoctions, consumption of herbal infusions, etc.

Physiotherapy. Hypotension therapy is often supplemented with physiotherapeutic methods such as electrophoresis with novocaine, potassium iodide endonasally or orbital-occipital technique, electric sleep and ultraviolet irradiation of the skin, microwave therapy on the adrenal gland area, hot chest wraps, massage, oxygen baths, douches and rubdowns, etc.

Prevention of hypotension

In order to prevent the development of hypotension, it is recommended to follow the following rules of prevention and a healthy lifestyle:

eat well;
strictly adhere to the daily routine, sleep at least 8 hours a day;
be physically active in order to constantly keep blood vessels in good shape (running, swimming, walking in the fresh air);
give up bad habits, control body weight;
Monitor your blood pressure and visit your doctor regularly.

If you require diagnosis or treatment of hypotension, contact the ABC-Medicine clinic. If you have any questions or make an appointment, you can call +7 (495) 223?38?83 .

Hypotension is low blood pressure.

Treatment of this disease can be carried out at home using folk remedies. But if you have persistent, persistent low blood pressure, you should consult a doctor.

Hypotension can be normal if the person’s general condition does not worsen and he does not feel discomfort. Then there is no need for treatment.

Most often, hypotension begins in youth, and its development can be triggered by dehydration, allergies, or the onset of cardiac pathology. Here are a few reasons for its occurrence:

heredity;
a specific feature of the human constitution;
sports activities at a professional level;
acclimatization of the body during climate change;
after a head injury;
vegetative-vascular dystonia;
pathologies in the thyroid gland;
large total blood loss;
during pregnancy;
constant overwork;
stress;
past infectious diseases.

Hypotension can appear under certain actions and circumstances; on this basis, the following types are distinguished:

Not all people, under the influence of the environment, lower their blood pressure and develop hypotension. There are some risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing pathology, these are:

person's age;
taking certain medications (such as alpha blockers);
history of chronic diseases (Parkinson's disease, diabetes and various diseases of the cardiac system).

During a pathological decrease in blood pressure, blood circulation in the vessels of the brain is disrupted. Therefore, symptoms of oxygen starvation appear. Such as:

throbbing dull pain in the back of the head;
a sharp feeling of nausea, less often vomiting;
reaction to weather changes;
slight dizziness or fainting;
sudden darkening of the eyes;
development of general weakness and fatigue;
forgetfulness and absent-mindedness;
depression;
tachycardia;
shortness of breath;
pain in joints and muscles;
“wet” palms;
reduced body temperature.

If even a few signs appear, the onset of the disease can be suspected. To confirm the diagnosis, you need to see a therapist and undergo additional examination.

Low blood pressure, its causes and methods of treatment are discussed in this video:

How to treat at home

Patients with low blood pressure are often irritated by noise and movement around them. In this case, therapy in a familiar and calm environment is suitable. Treatment of hypotension at home should occur in accordance with general principles.

In addition to using traditional medicine recipes, you need to follow other rules:

do morning exercises every day, jogging and swimming;
the duration of sleep should be at least 9 hours; it is useful to include a 15-minute daytime rest in the daily routine;
performing special breathing exercises;
proper and balanced nutrition;
drink two liters of water a day;
rejection of bad habits;
body massage with aroma oils;
morning contrast shower;
try to walk barefoot more.

Treatment with herbs

To increase blood pressure, natural herbs have long been used to increase the tone of blood vessels and improve blood flow in the body. For the best effect of such therapy, you need to use decoctions and tinctures in courses of 4 weeks. During them, up to two recipes are allowed. It is advisable to alternate them to avoid the body becoming addicted.

Plants used to treat hypotension are adaptogens. Taking them helps the central nervous system adjust, lower blood pressure, stimulate the autonomic parts of the nervous system, and increase excitability. Therefore, you should not drink them before going to bed.

Most commonly used herbs:

Aralia;
ginseng root;
lure leaves;
Rhodiola rosea;
Eleutherococcus;
prickly tartar;
immortelle;
thistle leaves;
Melissa;
oregano;
hop cones;
motherwort grass;
calamus root.

You can use several of them in recipes. There are no contraindications for use, except for personal intolerance. However, before you start taking any of the herbs, you should consult your doctor and monitor how you feel throughout the day.

Here are some time-tested recipes:

Collection: valerian root, hop cones, motherwort, in a ratio of 1:1:2, pour 250 g of boiling water. After waiting 40 minutes, strain and drink half a glass 2 times a day;
Tincture of immortelle flowers. You need to take 10 g of these flowers, and pour 250 g of boiling water, leave for an hour. Drink 2 tbsp. spoons on an empty stomach 2 times a day;
A decoction of the baskets of the prickly tartar. 20 grams pour 250 g of water and boil for 10 minutes after boiling over low heat. After steeping for half an hour, you can take a spoonful 4 times a day;
Collection: calamus root, budra, verbena, gorse, oregano, St. John's wort, juniper fruit, fireweed, peppermint, plantain, rose hips, in a ratio of 0.5:2:1:1:2:7:0.5:2 :1:2:3. 3 tbsp. spoons of this collection are poured with boiling water into a thermos in the evening. Over the next day, 3 times, drink warm before meals.

Recipes from natural products

Blood pressure can be increased not only with herbs, but also with the help of other means. It is advisable to use these recipes constantly, only then can you hope for a lasting effect.

Here are a few such delicious and healthy recipes:

Grind 400 g of any dried fruits (raisins, dried apricots, prunes) and lemon in a meat grinder, then add 3 tablespoons of (any) honey. Eat a tablespoon before meals;
Squeeze the juice of 1 lemon into 50 g of ground coffee and add half a liter of honey. Take in courses of two weeks, 3 times a day after meals, 1 spoon. The mixture should be stored in the refrigerator;
In a juicer, extract the juice from 1 celery root. And within 10 minutes drink it in the amount of 1 tbsp. spoons;
Add 3 tbsp to half a liter of red grape juice. spoons of ginseng juice. After a week, you can take 50 g in the morning before breakfast.

Methods for quickly normalizing blood pressure using folk remedies

To urgently raise your blood pressure to normal without using medications, you need to:

The wet towel should be placed in the freezer for 15 minutes. Having taken it out, place it on the patient’s forehead. This will help the pressure not decrease for two hours;
Brew strong loose leaf green tea and add sugar or honey for sweetness. This drink will fill you with strength and vigor;
Massaging the active point under the tip of the nose for 5 minutes will quickly increase the pressure. You can do it yourself with your index finger;
The easiest way is to squat 30 times. It is suitable for young people without dizziness. This immediately increases the volume of blood circulating throughout the body;
Drink a small cup of strong and sweet bean coffee.

Proper nutrition

If you have hypotension, it is important to adhere to a proper and balanced diet in order to restore the entire body. Meals should be divided into 5-6 times. Overeating should be avoided, and breakfast should be complete.

The daily diet should include:

foods rich in vitamin B3 (chicken or beef liver, eggs, milk, yeast);
vitamin C (rose hips, citrus fruits);
juice from raw beets;
eat sufficiently salted and seasoned dishes;
drink freshly brewed loose leaf teas;
any nuts;
foods high in starch (potatoes, semolina, buckwheat or corn porridge).

Age-related features of the treatment of hypotension

In older people, blood pressure is often low due to atherosclerosis. Therefore, the main symptom is dizziness to the point of loss of consciousness and tinnitus. The danger is that if a person falls, he may receive additional injury.

Therefore, when treating at home, you need to follow several recommendations:

Patients need to change their body positions very slowly and carefully;
Spend more time outdoors, walking at a leisurely pace;
You should drink strong coffee and tea with a limit - no more than 1 cup of each drink per day. Give preference to water or diluted juices.

In children, hypotension is often associated with intensive growth of the body and circulatory system. It goes away over time and the use of medications is dangerous and undesirable. It is enough to use other methods to avoid unpleasant symptoms.

The child needs to be accustomed to hardening; it is better to use a morning douche. It will help energize you for the whole day. It’s good to alternate it with a contrast shower. The child's nutrition should be adjusted according to the diet. The room in which it is located is constantly ventilated and provided with an influx of fresh air. The daily routine is structured in such a way that sleep is full, lasting at least 10 hours.

In pregnant women, medications are not used for physiological forms. A woman should be under the supervision of a doctor throughout her pregnancy to avoid the threat of miscarriage. Folk remedies you can use are Rhodiola rosea or ginseng root. Avoid taking alcoholic tinctures. Any treatment must be approved by a gynecologist, since in the early stages, herbs can be dangerous for the child.