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General cause of overheating. Overheating

→ Overheating of the body

Overheating of the body- a condition similar to heatstroke. Its occurrence is facilitated by high temperature, humidity and still air, poor ventilation, tight, breathable clothing, increased sweating, and an excessively hot bath. All these are factors that disrupt the normal regulation of heat production and heat transfer in the body and can cause overheating and the appearance of painful phenomena as a result of hyperemia of the meninges and brain with subsequent edema.

It is also important that profuse sweat on a hot day removes vital biological fluids and minerals from the body. If they are not replenished, convulsions occur and the victim feels severe weakness.

Signs of overheating resemble heat stroke, but they are less pronounced: increased body temperature to 38 ° C and above, palpitations, headache, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, decreased accuracy of movements. The skin becomes damp, the face turns pale. Breathing is frequent, shallow; pulse is frequent and weak.

The most sensitive to the effects of excess heat are children and the very elderly, patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, chronic diseases, obese people and patients taking certain medications.

+ First aid

First aid measures are the same as for sunstroke and heatstroke. The victim is given cold, slightly salted water and care is taken to ensure good access to fresh air.

In the prevention of heat stroke and overheating of the body, proper organization of work and sports during the hot season is important: the presence of sun-protected and ventilated rooms, salted water, frequent breaks during work. Clothing should be made of light, loose fabric.

Remember that a hot bath is contraindicated for people with a weak heart.
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In category → First aid

Overheating of the body and first aid for this condition.

Heatstroke– a pathological condition caused by general overheating of the body as a result of exposure to external thermal factors. The main cause of overheating is thermoregulation disorder.

Overheating of the body (hyperthermia) is a condition characterized by an imbalance in heat balance, an increase in the body’s heat content. The main route of heat transfer during human hyperthermia is the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the body and through the respiratory tract. Overheating of the human body is observed in industries with high ambient temperatures or in conditions that impede heat transfer from the surface of the body, as well as in areas with a hot climate.

Symptoms of Heat Stroke:

A) mild degree:

general weakness;
headache;
nausea;
increased heart rate and breathing;
pupil dilation.

Necessary measures: remove from the overheated area, provide assistance.

B) Average degree:

severe adynamia;
severe headache with nausea and vomiting;
stunned;
uncertainty of movements;
unsteady gait;
at times fainting;
increased heart rate and breathing;
increase in body temperature to 39 - 40 C.

B) Severe heat stroke develops suddenly .

The face is hyperemic, later pale cyanotic. There have been cases of changes in consciousness from mild to coma, convulsions, delirium, hallucinations, increased body temperature to 41 - 42 C, and cases of sudden death. The severity of overheating of the body depends not only on the magnitude of the ambient temperature, but also on the duration of its impact on the human body.

Necessary measures:

eliminate thermal effects;
remove the victim from the overheated zone;
lay in an open area in the shade;
inhalation of ammonia vapor from cotton wool;
free from outer clothing;
wetting the face with cold water, patting the chest with a wet towel;
put a bottle of cold water on your head;
frequent plowing;
call an ambulance.

Overheating of the body is accompanied by increased sweating with a significant loss of water and salts from the body, which leads to thickening of the blood, an increase in its viscosity, obstruction of blood circulation and tissue hypoxia.

Necessary treatment for signs of heat stroke: expose the victim. Place ice or containers of ice water on the area of large vessels.

Prevention of heat stroke: on hot days with high humidity, it is advisable to go out into the open air until 10 - 11 o’clock in the afternoon, later it is possible to stay in a green area in the shade of trees, stay outside only in a hat, move the main meal to the evening hours, instead of water you can use acidified or sweetened tea, rice or cherry decoction, bread kvass, limit fatty and protein foods, avoid alcoholic beverages, clothing should be light, loose, made of cotton fabrics, for constant evaporation of sweat. Limiting the use of cosmetics and creams as they interfere with the normal functioning of the skin.

Sunstroke- a condition that occurs due to severe overheating of the head by direct sunlight, under the influence of which the cerebral blood vessels dilate and rush of blood to the head, cerebral edema.

Symptoms: facial hyperemia, shortness of breath, tachycardia, fever, profuse sweating. Sometimes nasal bleeding, loss of consciousness, the occurrence of convulsive syndrome.

Necessary actions in case of sunstroke: the patient must be placed in the shade or in a cool room. Lay horizontally, legs raised. Unfasten your clothes and trouser belt. Spray cold water on your face. Cool your head, for which you can use a cooling thermal pack found in a standard car first aid kit. Wipe your entire body with a wet towel. A good effect is achieved by inhaling ammonia vapor. If conscious, give cold water to drink.

To prevent sunstroke, it is recommended to: walk for up to 11 hours with a mandatory hat. The clothes are light, made of cotton fabrics. Avoid standing for long periods of time in direct sunlight. Limit unnecessary physical activity (competitions, long walks). Eliminate emotional stress. In the diet - vegetable and fruit dishes, limit fatty foods, excessive amounts of meat products. Drink up to 1.5 - 2 liters of liquid: cool tea, fruit drink, juices, kvass.

Overheating occurs when external heating leads to heat retention in the body against the background of maximum stress on the physiological mechanisms of heat transfer. For overheating to occur, either elevated ambient temperatures or direct exposure to sunlight are required. Their pathological influence is enhanced by inadequate clothing and high relative humidity. The role of clothing is not clear. Clothing overheated in the sun becomes an additional source of heat, and excessive wrapping can interfere with perspiration. High relative humidity also reduces perspiration and therefore heat transfer.

The pathological effect of overheating is primarily manifested in disruption of water and electrolyte metabolism, circulatory function and the central nervous system. Increased sweating and perspiration, characteristic of the initial stages of overheating, lead to a deficiency of water and electrolytes. The type of dehydration depends on the child’s drinking regimen, the ratio of losses through sweat and perspiration, and the severity of diarrhea, which occurs later. There are several possible types of water and electrolyte disorders. First- isolated sodium chloride deficiency. It occurs in cases where, against the background of increased sweating, the child is given unsalted water. This condition is characterized by painful spasms of the muscles of the limbs. Second option- water deficiency dehydration, when at high ambient temperatures the child is not provided with enough water. In this case, the leading manifestations are increased nervous excitability, tremors of the limbs, and convulsions.

Decompensation due to overheating manifests itself in the form of heatstroke or sunstroke. The pathogenetic mechanisms of these two conditions are similar. The differences are that with heat stroke there is a general overheating of the child’s body, and with solar stroke the disorders are caused mainly by overheating of the head. However, in any case, the basis of decompensation is temperature blockade of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, which leads to tissue hypoxia. As a result, the central nervous system suffers with the development of cerebral edema. As the inhibition of the central nervous system deepens, circulatory and respiratory failure join neurological disorders. Death occurs when body temperature rises to 42-43°C.

Clinical manifestations and diagnostic tasks. Clinical manifestations depend on the severity of water-electrolyte metabolism disorders and the degree of overheating.

Most often observed: muscle spasms, irritative-sporotic state, heat or sunstroke. All these manifestations are stages of one process.

Muscle spasms usually occur in children older than 1 year. At this age, the formation of the sweating function is completely completed. In a hot climate with an active lifestyle and drinking fresh water, a child develops an isolated deficiency of sodium chloride, manifested by painful spasms of the muscles of the limbs. The body temperature is usually normal, there is no thirst.

Irritative-soporous the overheating stage is manifested by increased excitability, severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. Sweating, as a rule, is preserved, the child’s body temperature is normal or moderately elevated. If a child simultaneously has dyspepsia, then excitement is replaced by stupor.

Heatstroke - extreme degree of overheating. In fact, it is a terminal condition, since it is characterized by decompensation of the functions of vital organs and systems. The main signs of heat stroke are loss of consciousness and cessation of sweating. The skin becomes deathly pale, dry, hot to the touch. Body temperature rises. Against this background, symptoms of one of three forms of heat stroke arise . With asphyxial form depression of the respiratory and vasomotor centers predominates. Breathing is frequent, shallow, thread-like pulse, sharp tachycardia. Acrocyanosis is typical. As neurological disorders worsen, apnea and cardiac arrest occur . In paralytic form coma is initially accompanied by convulsions. They occur every 3-5 minutes, then their frequency decreases, and the child falls into a sluggish coma, followed by cardiac and respiratory arrest. . For the psychopathic form characterized by a disorder of consciousness in the form of delusions and hallucinations. The latter form often appears 5-6 hours after exposure to elevated temperature. In this case, delirium is accompanied by convulsions and paralysis.

Sunstroke - a special form of heat stroke caused by the direct influence of the sun on the child’s head. Early signs of sunstroke are facial redness, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and blurred vision. Breathing quickens and body temperature rises. Subsequently, the victim loses consciousness, tachycardia is replaced by bradycardia. Pulse tense, delirium, hallucinations. In the absence of help, depression of the respiratory and vasomotor center gradually increases with the development of clinical death.

Diagnosing overheating is simple. However, when examining an injured child, it is necessary to: 1) identify prognostically unfavorable signs that require urgent initiation of treatment measures; 2) establish the nature of water-electrolyte metabolism disorders for subsequent correction of the drinking regime or selection of an infusion therapy program.

To prognostically unfavorable symptoms include : cessation of increased sweating, increased body temperature of the child, dry and hot skin to the touch, loss of consciousness, rapid increase in disorders of the frequency and rhythm of breathing and pulse.

Treatment and choice tactical decisions. The choice of therapeutic measures and tactical decisions depends on the severity of the victim’s condition. If the child has sunstroke or heat stroke, then it is advisable to choose the following sequence of measures: 1) begin physical cooling with cold water with constant rubbing of the skin (stop physical cooling when body temperature drops below 38.5°C); 2) start oxygen therapy; 3) administer chlorpromazine intramuscularly; 4) provide access to the vein; 5) start intravenous administration of sodium-containing solutions (Trisol) - 20 ml/(kg/h); 6) if respiratory and circulatory disorders progress, intubate the child’s trachea and transfer to artificial respiration (do not use atropine!); 7) if there are convulsions, administer Seduxen.

Hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Transportation risk level - IV.

Fainting

Sudden short-term loss of consciousness with impaired postural tone, weakening of the cardiac and respiratory systems. Fainting is a mild form of acute vascular insufficiency of the brain and is caused by its anemia, more often in women. These are usually asthenic people, with a labile pulse, low blood pressure, etc.

Reasons: mental trauma from the sight of blood, pain, intoxication and infections.

Clinic:

1. Mild degree(lipotymia) - sudden clouding of consciousness combined with dizziness, ringing in the ears, nausea, yawning, increased intestinal motility. Objectively: severe pallor, cold extremities, drops of sweat on the face, dilated pupils. The pulse is weak, blood pressure is reduced. The clinic is saved for a few seconds.

2. Simple fainting: begins in the same way, then complete loss of consciousness with loss of muscle tone. The patient slowly subsides, there are no deep reflexes, the pulse is barely palpable. Blood pressure is low, breathing is shallow. The duration of the attack is up to 30-60-90 seconds, then restoration of consciousness without amnesia.

3. Convulsive fainting: manifests itself as single clonic twitches. The pupils are usually dilated, sometimes there is nystagmus. In rare cases, drooling, involuntary urination and defecation. Unconscious state for up to several minutes. After fainting, weakness, nausea. Differentiate with epilepsy and hysteria.

Table.21 . Differential diagnosis of fainting conditions

Indicators	Epilepsy	Fainting	Hysteria
Harbingers	Aura (visual, olfactory, auditory, gustatory, etc.)	Darkening of the eyes, numbness of fingers and toes, weakness, tinnitus	None
Convulsions	Usually clonic	Usually tonic	For demonstration purposes
Tongue bite	Typically	Absent	Absent
Involuntary urination	Often	Rarely	Absent
HELL	Normal or increased	Low	Normal or slightly increased
Pulse	Tense	Small, sometimes not detectable, arrhythmic	Rapid
Start time	Any time of day	Almost always during the day	Only in the presence of strangers
Sleepiness	Typical	Rarely	Absent
Vegetative reactions	Hyperemia, bluishness of the face	Paleness, cold sweat	Not expressed
Pupillary reactions	None	None	Saved

Urgent Care: place the patient on his back with his head slightly lowered, unfasten the collar. Bring cotton wool soaked in ammonia to your nose and spray your face with cold water. For more persistent fainting, inject subcutaneously 1 ml of a 10% caffeine solution or 2 ml of cordiamine. For prolonged fainting, 1 ml of 5% ephedrine solution or 1 ml of 1% mezatone solution.

Symptomatic syncope: for somatic diseases: respiratory organs– during coughing attacks, which is associated with increased pressure in the chest cavity and difficulty in venous outflow from the cranial cavity (bettolepsy); vertebrobasilar insufficiency, pregnancy- there is always no loss of consciousness. Clinically manifested by a sudden fall of the patient (drop attack); hypoglycemia(hunger fainting) - sweating, pallor, decreased blood pressure; consciousness is almost always present.

Indications for hospitalization are determined by the underlying disease.

Fainting due to abnormal heart rhythm: a sharp increase or decrease in heart rate causes a decrease in cardiac output with a deterioration in blood supply to the brain. Sometimes loss of consciousness and convulsions (with complete transverse block - Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome).

Overheating of the body- a painful condition that can develop as a result of prolonged exposure to elevated environmental temperatures on the body (at work, in conditions that impede heat transfer from the surface of the body, in areas with a hot climate, etc.). At high ambient temperatures, overheating is facilitated by an increase in heat production during muscular work, especially if it is performed in clothing that is poorly permeable to water vapor, with high air humidity and poor ventilation of the room.

When the body overheats, the thermal balance is disrupted, the temperature of the skin and body increases, sweating increases, muscle tone and body weight decrease, the functions of the digestive and excretory systems, the activity of the cardiovascular system are disrupted, the blood thickens, and immunity decreases. As a result, health and appetite worsen, thirst appears, fatigue increases, sleep is disturbed, and physical and mental performance decreases. The nature of the manifestations of overheating of the body and their severity may be different.

In early childhood and in older people, when the body overheats, the insufficiency of heat transfer mechanisms affects. Thus, at high ambient temperatures, children have a higher skin temperature than adults, and sweating is less. Infants experience severe lethargy, sleep disturbances, regurgitation, intestinal dysfunction, and the child’s motor activity decreases; at an older age, headache, dizziness, general weakness, drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy are observed, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, short-term loss of consciousness, and an increase in body temperature to 40-41° are possible. In elderly people P. o. may be accompanied by pain in the heart area, dizziness, etc.

Thermal hit. The most pronounced consequences of P. o. with so-called heat stroke. It is preceded by the mobilization of all methods of heat transfer from the body: the blood vessels of the skin sharply dilate, sweating increases extremely, and the pulse and breathing increase significantly. At the same time, there is intense thirst,

which is accompanied by a feeling of dryness in the mouth and nasopharynx. If exposure to high temperature continues, especially in combination with intense muscle work, shortness of breath and palpitations appear. Soon they are joined by nausea, flashing before the eyes, a crawling sensation, and numbness. Sometimes hallucinations appear, and unreasonable actions are possible. Increasing dizziness ends with loss of consciousness and falling.

In some cases, one of the listed symptoms comes to the fore: severe redness and dryness of the skin, a strong increase in body temperature; paleness and coldness of the skin, blue lips; an increase in heart rate and then a slowdown and a decrease in its filling; significant increase in breathing, vomiting, dilated pupils; muscle spasms of the trunk and limbs (especially the calf muscles), accompanied by sharp pain.

In severe forms of heat stroke, the victim’s cheeks are sunken, the nose is pointed, the eyes are surrounded by dark circles, and the lips are bluish. Pulse 100-140 beats per minute, often thread-like (difficult to palpate).

Seizures may recur many times.

First aid In case of heat stroke, it includes a set of measures. First of all, the victim needs to be moved to a cool place, remove tight clothing, put cold (an ice pack or cold water, a wet towel or sheet) on the head, heart area, large vessels (neck, axillary, groin areas), and spine. It is useful to wrap the victim in a sheet soaked in cold water. The evaporation of water from its surface slightly reduces the temperature. A fan can be used to enhance evaporation. In case of incomplete loss of consciousness, it is recommended to drink plenty of water - salted water (mineral water is possible), iced tea, coffee (for adults). They drink water many times, in small portions (75-100 ml); let him smell ammonia, and if possible, breathe in oxygen (preferably mixed with carbon dioxide). In case of respiratory arrest, before the arrival of an ambulance doctor, artificial respiration .

With timely assistance, loss of consciousness may not occur or may be short-lived; all other symptoms gradually disappear. If consciousness does not return, the victim should be taken to the nearest medical facility as quickly as possible.

Content

Many diseases are accompanied by fever. However, not everyone is familiar with the concept of hyperthermia - what it is and how to distinguish a high temperature of infectious etiology from a malignant one. Pathology is a malfunction of the thermoregulation mechanisms in the human body. Depending on the causes of the condition, symptoms and treatment methods differ in each case.

What is hyperthermia

The term Hyperthermia is translated from Latin as excessive heat. Hyperthermia syndrome in a child or adult develops for various reasons. It represents the accumulation of excess heat in the human body and an increase in body temperature. This condition is caused by various external factors, the consequence of which is the difficulty of heat transfer or an increase in heat input from the outside. In the international classification of diseases, this pathology has a code (ICD) M-10.

The disease is a protective reaction of the body to negative external stimuli. With maximum tension in the mechanisms that regulate body temperature, the condition begins to progress. Indicators can reach 41 - 42 degrees, which is dangerous for human health and life. The condition is accompanied by a failure of metabolic processes, blood circulation, and dehydration. As a result, vital organs do not receive oxygen and nutrients. The patient may develop seizures.

Artificial hyperthermia is used in therapy for oncology. It involves the injection of a hot drug into the site of the disease. With local hyperthermia, the tumor is also exposed to heat, but with the help of energy sources. The procedures are carried out to destroy cancer cells and improve the organs' susceptibility to chemotherapy.

Signs

The pathology that caused the fever manifests itself in patients with severe symptoms. If the disease progresses, you may notice the following signs of thermoregulation disorders:

increased sweating;
tachycardia;
rapid breathing;
lethargy, tearfulness - when the child is ill;
drowsiness or increased excitability - in adults;
convulsions;
loss of consciousness.

Reasons

Failure of heat transfer mechanisms occurs for various reasons. When starting treatment, it is worth identifying the physiological and pathological signs of the disease. It is important to distinguish a high temperature caused by increased activity from a symptom of illness. Especially when it comes to a child. Incorrect diagnosis leads to unnecessary therapy.

In a healthy person, the causes of fever can be the following factors:

overheating of the body;
overeating;
intense physical activity;
stress.

The main link in the pathogenesis of heatstroke is overheating. In addition, it can occur if a person is not dressed appropriately for the weather, is in a stuffy room for a long time, or drinks little water. When the body overheats, skin hyperthermia often develops. This disorder is especially common in newborns with improper care.

Physical activity also provokes short-term hyperthermia. Active activities in the garden or sports activities lead to muscle warming and affect body temperature. Fatty foods have a similar effect. Fever appears sharply due to stress, but it normalizes along with the emotional state of the person. In all the described cases, therapy is not carried out.

Pathological causes of fever (hyperthermia) are presented below:

Infectious infection of bacterial or fungal type, helminthiases, inflammatory diseases.
Injuries, but more often the temperature rises with infectious complications.
Poisoning, entry into the blood of toxins of exogenous or endogenous origin.
Malignant tumors (histiocytosis, leukemia, lymphomas).
Immune system dysfunction (collagenosis, fever during treatment).
Vascular damage. High fever often accompanies strokes and heart attacks.
Testicular torsion (in boys or men). Against the background of this disease, local inguinal hyperthermia develops.
Metabolic disorders (thyrotoxicosis, porphyria, hypertriglyceridemia).

Types of hyperthermia

This disorder appears for various reasons, so doctors distinguish several types of pathology:

Red hyperthermia. This type is conventionally called the safest for humans. The blood circulation process is not disturbed, the vessels of the skin and internal organs evenly expand, which leads to an increase in heat production. At the same time, the patient has red and hot skin, and he himself feels intense heat. This condition occurs to prevent overheating of vital organs. If normal cooling does not function, serious complications, disruption of the body systems, and loss of consciousness may develop.
Pale hyperthermia. It is very dangerous for humans because it centralizes blood circulation. Peripheral vessels spasm, and the heat transfer process is partially or completely absent. Symptoms of this pathology provoke swelling of the brain and lungs, convulsions, and loss of consciousness. The patient is cold, the skin has a white tint, and there is no sweating.
Neurogenic. This disorder develops with malignant or benign brain tumors, serious head injuries, local hemorrhages, and aneurysms.
Endogenous. This variant of the pathology often accompanies intoxication and represents an accumulation of heat in the body with the inability to fully eliminate it.
Exogenous hyperthermia. This form of the disease appears against the background of hot weather or heat stroke. Thermoregulation processes are not disrupted, therefore pathology refers to physical varieties. The disease manifests itself as headache, redness, and nausea.

Malignant hyperthermia

This condition is rare, but dangerous to human health and life. As a rule, the tendency to malignant hyperthermia is transmitted to offspring from parents in an autosomal recessive manner. Pathology develops only during inhalation anesthesia and can lead to the death of the patient if timely assistance is not provided. The reasons for the progression of the disease are as follows:

intense physical activity in hot climates;
alcohol abuse;
long-term use of antipsychotics.

The following diseases can contribute to the appearance of malignant hyperthermia:

congenital form of myotonia;
muscular dystrophy;
enzyme deficiency;
myotonic myopathy.

Hyperthermia of unknown origin

Constant or fluctuating hyperthermia, appearing for unknown reasons, refers to disorders of unknown origin. In this case, body temperature can exceed 38 degrees for several weeks in a row. In almost half of all cases of the disease, the causes are inflammatory processes and diseases (tuberculosis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis).

Another provoking factor may be a hidden abscess. 10-20% of cases of hyperthermia of this type are associated with the appearance of cancerous tumors. Connective tissue pathologies (lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, polyarthritis) cause such a disorder in 15% of cases. More rare causes of hyperthermia of unknown origin include allergies to medications, pulmonary embolism, and metabolic disorders in the body.

Danger to the body

It is important to begin treatment for hyperthermia in a timely manner to avoid serious consequences. When hyperthermia appears together with a violation of normal cooling, it must be taken into account that the body is able to withstand heating up to 44-44.5 degrees. The pathology is especially dangerous for people with heart and vascular diseases. High fever in such patients can be fatal.

Diagnostics

Given the wide variety of symptoms of hyperthermia, diagnosing the disorder and identifying its causes is difficult. To achieve this, a whole range of measures are used. Tests are aimed at identifying inflammatory processes and infectious contamination. The main measures for diagnosing the condition are presented below:

examination of the patient;
collection of complaints;
general urine and blood tests;
chest x-ray (electrocardiography or echocardiography);
search for pathological (infectious, bacteriological, serological, purulent-inflammatory) changes in the body.

Treatment

The procedure for normalizing body temperature does not provide treatment for the disease that provoked the condition. If the pathology is caused by acute infections, doctors do not recommend starting to actively fight it, so as not to leave the body without a natural defense mechanism. All methods of therapy must be selected taking into account the etiology of the disease and the patient’s condition.

The main measures in case of extreme heat are as follows:

refusal to wrap up;
drinking plenty of water;
correction of the ambient temperature (ventilation of the room, normalization of humidity levels, etc.);
taking antipyretics.

If the illness is the result of prolonged exposure to the sun, it is recommended to take the patient out into the air, preferably into the shade. Physical activity is excluded. The patient must be given plenty of fluids. You can apply a cold compress to large arteries and veins to provide relief. If the patient experiences vomiting, breathing problems, or loss of consciousness, then an ambulance should be called.

First aid for hyperthermia

If the patient’s body temperature has risen sharply, then before starting any measures it is important to find out the causes of the condition. Hyperthermia requires an urgent decrease in levels. However, first aid for pathologies of the pale, red, and toxic types differs due to the different pathogenesis of the disorders. Below are detailed instructions for providing first aid to patients with this disease.

For the red type of pathology, the following measures are carried out:

They reveal the patient.
Ventilate the room.
Give a large amount of liquid.
Apply cold compresses or ice packs to the body (above the projection of large veins and arteries).
Enemas are done with water no hotter than 20 degrees.
Cooling solutions are administered intravenously.
Take a bath with cool water up to 32 degrees.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are given.

For the pale form of hyperthermia:

The patient is given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
To eliminate vascular spasm, No-shpa is administered intramuscularly.
Rub the patient's skin with an alcohol-containing solution. Heating pads are applied to the lower extremities.
After the pale form changes to red, measures are taken for another type of illness.

In case of toxic form, the following measures are taken:

Call the patient's intensive care unit.
Provide venous access.
If possible, provide venous infusion of glucose and saline solution.
Antispasmodics and antipyretics are injected intramuscularly.
If other measures do not provide the desired effect, Droperidol is administered intravenously.

Physical cooling

There are 2 methods of cooling the body at elevated temperatures. Indicators are monitored every 20-30 minutes. The physical method of cooling with ice is carried out according to the following instructions:

Apply an ice pack to the head and in the area of large arteries and veins at a distance of 2 cm. Place a film between the ice and the body.
Apply this ice compress for 20-30 minutes.
As the ice melts, drain the water from the bubble and add pieces of ice.

Cooling with alcohol is carried out as follows:

Prepare alcohol 70 degrees, cold water, cotton pads.
Soak cotton wool in alcohol and treat: temples, armpits, carotid artery, elbow and inguinal folds.
Repeat wiping with a fresh swab every 10-15 minutes.

Antipyretic drugs

If the patient's body temperature has risen above 38.5 degrees, the use of antipyretics is allowed. As a rule, they drink drugs such as Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Cefekon D, Revalgin. Acetylsalicylic acid can be given to adults, but this drug is not prescribed for children due to the risk of complications in the liver. You cannot alternate different antipyretics. The interval between doses of the drug should be at least 4 hours.

The rules for treating hyperthermia with antipyretic drugs are as follows:

Paracetamol and medications based on it (Cefekon D) are quickly absorbed into the blood and provide relief from fever for up to 4 hours. Newborns are given drugs in the form of syrup at intervals of at least 8 hours. Daily dose: up to 60 per 1 kg of weight.
Ibuprofen and its analogues provide a quick effect, but have more contraindications. They are prescribed for inflammation and pain, accompanied by high fever and fever. The daily dose is no more than 40 mg of the drug per 1 kg of weight.
Revalgin and other drugs based on metamizole sodium are prescribed for spasms and pain that are accompanied by high fever. Medicines in this group have a lot of contraindications and side effects. Daily dose: up to 4 ml.

Consequences and complications

The following consequences and complications characteristic of high fever can threaten the patient’s life:

cerebral edema;
paralysis of the thermoregulation center;
acute renal failure (ARF);
paralysis of the respiratory center;
heart failure;
paralysis of the vasomotor center;
progressive intoxication due to acute renal failure;
convulsions;
coma;
damage to the functional elements of the nervous system due to overheating;
lethal outcome.

Prevention

To prevent the development of pathology, you need to follow preventive measures:

adhere to the rules of working in hot shops;
maintain hygiene;
avoid exhaustion;
do not overload the body during training;
avoid stressful situations;
choose clothes from natural fabrics;
wear hats in hot weather.

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Hyperthermia - what is it, causes, symptoms, types, danger to humans and first aid