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1st person graduation. What is verb conjugation? What verbs are conjugated? How to determine the person and number of conjugated verbs? What is the person of a verb in Russian?

In the Russian language, personal pronouns have such a constant feature as persons. Each of the three person pronouns has a specific form and meaning. This article describes ways to determine the persons of pronouns, their characteristic features with examples.

Person pronouns- this is an unchangeable (constant) feature of a given part of speech, inherent only in personal pronouns. In the Russian language, pronouns have three persons, each of which has a specific meaning and form.

Table Person pronouns

	Singular		Plural
	What do they point to?	Forms of I. p.	What do they point to?	Forms of I. p.
1st person	to the speaker, actor (subject of speech)	I	to a group of people, including a speaker, an actor	We
2nd person	to the person addressed in speech (to the interlocutor)	You	to a group of people addressed in a speech (to interlocutors)	You
3rd person	on an object (person, phenomenon) that is spoken about, but which does not take part in speech	he, she, it	to a group of objects (persons, phenomena) that are spoken about, but which do not take part in speech	They

Pay attention! In the third person singular, personal pronouns have masculine, feminine and neuter forms.
Examples: she's beautiful, it's big, he's brave.

How to determine the person of pronouns?

In speech, the person of pronouns can be determined by its meaning in speech, as well as by its case form. Features of the declension of personal pronouns are given in the table with examples of all case forms.

	Singular				Plural
I. p.	I	You	he, it	she	We	You	They
R. p.	me	you	his	her	us	you	their
D. p.	to me	you	to him	to her	us	to you	them
V. p.	me	you	his	her	us	you	their
etc.	me (me)	by you (by you)	them	by her	us	you	them
P. p.	about me	about you	about him	about her	about Us	about you	about them

If a third person pronoun in the indirect case is preceded by a preposition, the case form is used with "n".

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Examples: to her it was fun - we came to her, them good at drawing - with them easy to work.

The grammatical features of personal pronouns are studied at school from the 4th grade.

It's hard to say how we would manage without pronouns. Without them it is impossible to construct almost a single phrase. Here, for example, are the previous two. That is, of course, it is possible. But why bother?

If you put together all the pronouns in the Russian language, you will get an impressive document. But it doesn’t make sense to simply lump everything together. Therefore, we have prepared a special article for you. It contains all the basic information about the categories of pronouns, their grammatical features and spelling, as well as a sample of morphological analysis. Special tables will help you better master all the necessary knowledge about pronouns in the Russian language. And examples from literary works will help to more clearly imagine how the grammatical characteristics of pronouns are implemented in practice.

What are pronouns

Pronoun refers to an independent part of speech that is used instead of nouns, adjectives, numerals and adverbs (or their characteristics) to indicate these nouns, adjectives, numerals and adverbs (as well as their characteristics and quantity), without naming them.

The grammatical features of pronouns depend on which part of speech they refer to. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Pronouns are divided into two types of categories: by meaning and by grammatical features.

Digits by value:

personal;
returnable;
possessive;
interrogative;
relative;
index;
definitive;
negative;
undefined.

Sometimes reciprocal and general pronouns are also added to this classification.

Disorders based on grammatical features:

generalized subject;
generalized-qualitative;
generalized quantitative.

This classification examines how pronouns relate to different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, numerals. In some sources, a special group of pronouns that are correlated with adverbs is sometimes included here.

Now we will analyze all these categories in detail.

Classes of pronouns in Russian

By value:

Personal pronouns. In speech, they indicate its object - the person in question. Pronouns 1 ( I/we) and 2 ( you/you) faces indicate participants in speech. 3rd person pronouns ( he, she, it/they) indicate persons who do not participate in the speech.

Obsolete personal pronoun one used to denote feminine (plural) objects of speech.

Personal pronouns in the Russian language change according to persons and numbers, pronouns of the 3rd person singular - also according to gender, as well as to cases.

In a sentence they play the role of subject or object.

I couldn't shake the feeling that they could see us. (Ch.T. Aitmatov)
Life is always accompanied by effort, hardship and hard work, because it is not a garden with beautiful flowers. (I.A. Goncharov)
Why don't I want to be smarter if I understand how stupid everyone around me is? If you wait for everyone to wise up, it will take too long... and then I realized that this is completely impossible. (F.M. Dostoevsky)

Reflexive pronouns. In speech, they indicate the direction of action to the subject. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative case form, but is declined in all other cases: yourself, yourself, yourself/yourself, (about) yourself. Does not change according to persons, numbers, genders.

In a sentence it acts as a complement.

If you happen to be angry with someone else, be angry with yourself at the same time, at least for the fact that you managed to get angry with someone else. (N.V. Gogol)
There is nothing more pleasant than being obliged to do everything to yourself. (N.V. Gogol)
To live for oneself is not to live, but to exist passively: you need to fight. (I.A. Goncharov)
We often allow ourselves to think that ancient people are like inexperienced children. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Possessive pronouns. In speech, they indicate that a certain object (objects) belongs to a subject (or subjects).

Possessive pronouns:

1 person – my, my, my/my And our, ours, ours / ours;
2 persons – yours, yours, yours / yours And yours, yours, yours/yours;
3 persons – him, her/them.

Possessive pronouns in the Russian language change, as you already understood, by person, gender and number, and also in combination with a noun that is being explained - by case. Third person pronouns are not inflected.

Our choices, more than our abilities, reveal our true selves. (J.K. Rowling)
In our office, out of thirty-two employees on staff, twenty-eight called themselves: “Golden Pen of the Republic.” The three of us, in order of originality, were called silver. (S.D. Dovlatov)
There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language. (K.G. Paustovsky)

Interrogative pronouns. Pronouns who?, what?, which?, which?, whose?, which?, how many?, where?, when?, where?, from where?, why? serve as interrogative words (indicate persons, objects, signs, quantity) when making interrogative sentences.

They change according to numbers, genders, cases, but not all.

Do you know what is given to man, and only to him? Laugh and cry. (E.M. Remarque)
Dear, dear, funny fool, / Well, where are you, where are you going? (S. A. Yesenin)
What is law? / The law is a tightrope on the street, / To stop passersby in the middle of the road<...>(V.A. Zhukovsky)

Relative pronouns. Pronouns who, what, which, what, whose, which, how many, where, where, when, from, why They also act as allied words in complex sentences and serve to connect the subordinate and main parts of a complex sentence.

Like interrogatives, relative pronouns who, what And How many declined according to cases. The rest are based on numbers, genders and cases. Besides pronouns where, where, when, where, why, which are immutable.

In a sentence, depending on the part of speech they replace, they can play different syntactic roles.

There are such low characters who love, as if they hate! (F.M. Dostoevsky)
People will always have something to find, discover, invent, because the very source of this knowledge is inexhaustible. (I.A. Goncharov)
Outright anger is much less repulsive than pretense of kindness. (L.N. Tolstoy)
Joy can be compared to oil in a lamp: when there is not enough oil in the lamp, the wick quickly burns out and the light from the lamp is replaced by black smoke. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Demonstrative pronouns. Indicate the signs or number of speech objects. The following pronouns fall into this category: so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then, obsolete pronouns this one.

Demonstrative pronouns in the Russian language change according to cases, gender and numbers.

I've been planning to buy myself a castle for two years. Happy are those who have nothing to lock up. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
Sometimes a person reaches such a line that if he doesn’t step over it, he will be unhappy, and if he steps over it, he will become even more unhappy. (F.M. Dostoevsky)
The truth should be served like a coat, not thrown in your face like a wet towel. (M. Twain)
Anyone who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Determinative pronouns. They are used to indicate a sign of the object of speech. These include: .

Determinative pronouns are declined according to cases and change according to gender and number.

Everyone who stops learning grows old, whether at 20 or 80, and anyone else who continues to study remains young. The most important thing in life is to keep your brain young. (G. Ford)
One good friend is worth more than all the blessings in this world. (Voltaire)
Even the most frank thought, the purest and clearly conveyed fantasy, be it truth or fiction, cannot evoke sincere sympathy. (L.N. Tolstoy)
We don't need magic to change this world - within us we already have everything we need for this: we can mentally imagine the best... (J. K. Rowling)

Negative pronouns. In speech they act as an indicator of the absence of the object of speech or its signs. Pronouns no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere and the like, as you can see, are formed from interrogative/relative pronouns by attaching prefixes Not-(under emphasis) and neither-(no emphasis).

In Russian, negative pronouns vary by case, gender and number.

The old truth will never be embarrassed by the new - it will put this burden on its shoulders. Only the sick, the obsolete are afraid to take a step forward. (I.A. Goncharov)
I believe that nothing passes without a trace and that every little step matters for the present and future life. (A.P. Chekhov)
Never make any complex moves when the same can be achieved in much simpler ways. This is one of the wisest rules of life. It is very difficult to apply it in practice. Especially intellectuals and romantics. (E.M. Remarque)
Philosophers and children have one noble trait - they do not attach importance to any differences between people - neither social, nor mental, nor external. (A.T. Averchenko)

Indefinite pronouns. Speech expresses indefinite characteristics and the number of objects of speech, as well as their uncertainty.

Pronouns of this category are also formed from interrogative/relative pronouns by adding prefixes to them: not-, some- - something, someone, some, some, several, somehow, something etc. And also postfixes: - then, -either, - anyone – anyone, somewhere, how much etc.

Indefinite pronouns in the Russian language change according to gender and number, and are declined according to cases.

You can say a lot of stupid things, following only the desire to say something. (Voltaire)
Some are accustomed to living on everything ready-made, walking on someone’s feet, eating chewed food... (F.M. Dostoevsky)
In hardly anything else is human frivolity more often seen to such a terrifying extent than in the structure of marital unions. (N.S. Leskov)

Mentioned above reciprocal pronouns serve to express attitudes towards two or more persons and objects.

Their number in the Russian language is very large due to the many prepositions, thanks to which for each reciprocal pronoun there is a large number of variable forms. For example, to each other, about each other, in each other, for each other, one from the other, one for the other, one from under the other, after each other, in the end, from end to beginning, from first to second, from case to case case, time after time, from this to that– and this is not a complete list.

In a sentence they play the role of complements.

People are pressed together like rats in a cage, their anger at each other is natural for lonely kings. (A.V. Korolev)
In bad weather or just when we feel like it, we have fun looking at the contents of tin boxes. We carefully unwrap the wax paper bags and show each other what makes us who we are. (G. Petrovich)

General pronouns serve in speech to indicate objects that are combined according to any characteristics that do not express quality. For example, speech objects combined in pairs ( both; both), or identical ( the same, the same), or an integer set ( everyone, everyone, all) etc.

Table of categories of pronouns in the Russian language

Rank by value	Examples of pronouns
1. Personal	1st person – me, we 2nd person – you, you 3rd person – he, she, it, they (+ one)
2. Returnable	myself
3. Possessives	1st person – mine, mine, mine, mine, our, ours, ours, ours 2nd person – yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours 3rd person – his, her, theirs
4. Questions	Who? What? Which? what? whose? which? How many? Where? When? Where? where? For what?
5. Relative	who, what, which, which, whose, which, how many, where, when, where, why
6. Index fingers	so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then (+ this, that)
7. Definitive	all, every, all, himself, most, every, any, other, other, all, everywhere, everywhere, always
8. Negative	no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one's
9. Uncertain	someone, something, some, some, several, some, some where, something, somewhere, some, any, some, somewhere, for some reason, someone

“Non-classical” categories are not included in this table intentionally so as not to create confusion.

Correlating pronouns with other parts of speech

In other words, categories based on grammatical features:

Pronouns-nouns indicate a person or thing. They are similar to nouns due to their syntactic and morphological characteristics. For example, in a sentence you can also ask them questions: who? So what? and they act as subject or object. As well as the categories of person (in personal ones, through verbs associated with them), number, gender (expressed in words associated with the pronoun) and case. By the way, the pronoun Who is masculine, and What- average.

Pronouns-nouns in the Russian language include: all personal and reflexive pronouns, some interrogative/relative, negative, indefinite. In particular: he, she, it, they, who, what, nobody, nothing, somebody, something, someone, something etc.

Pronouns-adjectives in speech they indicate the attribute of an object, and this allows them to be correlated with adjectives. In addition, they show inconsistent signs of gender, number and can be declined according to cases. Although, for example, pronouns what And that's how it is They do not decline and in a sentence, unlike others, they can only be predicates. All other adjective pronouns act either as modifiers or as an integral part of the predicate.

Third person possessive pronouns are also unchangeable: his, her, their.

Adjective pronouns include all possessive pronouns and all attributives, some demonstrative and interrogative/relative, negative and indefinite. Namely: my, yours, yours, ours, yours, which, which, whose, that, this, most, every, every etc.

Numeral pronouns, as you might guess, indicate the number of objects without indicating it exactly. These include pronouns as much as and their indefinite derivatives a few, some, some.

Pronouns in this category are capable of inflection according to cases (everything is the same). But they do not change by gender and number. They agree with nouns according to the same principle as cardinal numerals.

Pronouns-adverbs, already mentioned above, are a special group that is not always identified. Often they are not classified as pronouns at all. Like adjective pronouns, they indicate a characteristic, but are unchangeable and characterize an action. And this allows us to correlate them with adverbs.

Pronouns of this category do not show signs of gender and number, and are not declined according to cases. They agree with verbs according to the same principle as adverbs. And circumstances play a role in a sentence.

Pronoun-adverbs include: there, where, where, when, so.

Pronouns in Russian - table of categories in relation to parts of speech

Grammar classification	Examples of pronouns
1. Pronouns - nouns	he, she, it, they, who, what, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, something and others
2. Adjective pronouns	my, yours, yours, ours, yours, which, which, whose, that, this, most, every, each and others
3. Numeral pronouns	as much as, several, somewhat, some
4. Pronouns-adverbs	there, where, where, when, so

Cases of pronouns in Russian

Pronouns of different categories have their own peculiarities of changing according to cases. Now we will look at some of them in more detail.

1. Cases of personal pronouns

In indirect cases, not only the endings of these pronouns change, but also the stem:

I.p. I, you, we, you, he, it, she, they

R.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

D.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

V.p. me, you, us, you, his, his, her, their

etc. me (me), you (you), us, you, them, them, her (her), them

P.p. (about) me, (about) you, (about) us, (about) you, (about) him, (about) him, (about) her, (about) them.

The 1st and 2nd person singular pronouns do not have clearly defined gender categories: they are used in both masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Third person pronouns, when inflected, may lose their initial consonant: she- But her etc.

2. For a reflexive pronoun myself There are only forms of oblique cases. It is also declined as a personal pronoun You:

etc. by myself (by myself)

P.p. (about) myself

possessive pronouns ( my, yours, ours, yours);
index ( that, this, this);
interrogative/relative ( which, which, whose);
determinatives ( most, himself, all, every, different).

I.p. our, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

R.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

D.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; so, so, so, so

V.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

etc. ours, ours, ours, ours; like this, like this, like this

P.p. (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours; (about) such, (about) such, (about) such, (about) such

Determinative pronouns myself And most, although similar, incline differently. The difference is indicated mainly by emphasis:

I.p. the most, the most

R.p. most, most

D.p. myself, myself

V.p. most, most

etc. by myself, by myself

P.p. (about) myself, (about) myself

* A capital letter indicates a stressed syllable.

Pay attention to the declension of attributive pronouns all, all, everything:

I.p. all, all, everything

R.p. everything, all, everyone

D.p. everything, everything, everyone

V.p. everything, all, everyone

etc. everyone, all (all), everyone

P.p. (about) everything, (about) everything, (about) everyone

When declension of feminine and neuter pronouns, only the endings change, but in the masculine gender the stem also changes.

4. In interrogative/relative ( who, what) and the negative ones formed from them ( nobody, nothing) of pronouns, when changing by case, the bases change:

I.p. who, what, nobody, nothing

R.p. who, what, no one, nothing

D.p. to whom, what, no one, nothing

V.p. who, what, no one, nothing

etc. who, what, nothing, nothing

P.p. (about) whom, (about) what, about no one, about nothing.

At the same time, in the prepositional case, the preposition breaks negative pronouns into three words.

5. Like the reflexive pronoun, some negative pronouns do not have a nominative case form:

R.p. no one

D.p. no one

V.p. no one

etc. no one

P.p. not about anyone.

6. Indefinite pronouns are declined in the same way as the interrogative/relative pronouns from which they are formed:

I.p. any, something

R.p. any, something

D.p. to any, something

V.p. any, something

etc. somehow, something

P.p. (about) any, about something

7. There are variable case forms for the indefinite pronoun some:

I.p. some

R.p. some

D.p. to a certain

V.p. no one

etc. some (some)

P.p. (about) someone

Variant case forms exist for this pronoun in other gender/number as well.

8. Some index fingers ( that's how it is), relative ( what), undefined ( someone, something) pronouns do not change by case. Pronouns and adverbs are not inflected either. there, where, where, when, so.

Morphological analysis of pronouns

We offer you a diagram of morphological analysis of pronouns and an example of such analysis.

Parsing scheme:

Indicate the part of speech, the grammatical meaning of the pronoun, write the initial form (put it in the nominative case (if any), singular).
Describe the morphological features:
- constants (category by meaning, rank by grammatical features, person (for personal and possessive), number (for personal 1st and 2nd persons);
- inconsistent (case, number, gender).
Indicate what role it plays in the sentence.

Sample morphological analysis of pronouns

Don't waste your energy trying to change people... They will not change. U them Who decided to take a strong action, That and rights (F.M. Dostoevsky).

Morphological features: constants – personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant – nominative case, plural.

(at) them

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without directly naming it, n.f. - They.
Morphological features: constants – personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; inconstant – genitive case, plural.
Role in a sentence: addition.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - Who.
Morphological features: constants – relative, pronoun-noun; inconstant – nominative case.
It plays the role of subject in a sentence.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - That.
Morphological features: constants – demonstrative, pronoun-adjective; inconstant – nominative case, singular, masculine.
Role in a sentence: subject.

Spelling pronouns

Personal pronouns

When declension of personal pronouns in Russian in indirect cases, the letter appears at the base of 3rd person pronouns n, if they have a pretext in front of them. For example, about him, to them, about her, among them etc.

N does not join:

in the dative case, if the pronoun is preceded by a derivative preposition thanks, like, contrary, according to, towards, in spite of: contrary to to her, towards them, according to to him;
if the pronoun is used in a phrase where it is preceded by an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree: took more his, bought cheaper their.

Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are always written with a hyphen and a prefix some and postfixes -something, -either, -something: someone, somehow, something, somewhere etc.

When declension of indefinite pronouns in the prepositional case between the prefix some and the pronoun places a preposition. In this case, they are written in three words: about something, about something, about something etc.

Negative pronouns

Negative pronouns are formed from interrogative/relative pronouns using prefixes not-/nor-. Not- written under stress, in an unstressed syllable - neither-: no one to trust - no one to see, no place to leave - nowhere to be found; no one, nothing, not at all, none, nobody.

When declension of negative pronouns in Russian, prepositions can be used in the forms of indirect cases. They break the word into three, which are written separately, and the prefixes become particles: no - not from anyone, nothing - from nothing, no one - not about anyone etc.

Please note

1. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of prefixes not-/nor- and homonymous particles not/nor:

Remember the spelling: How neither what Not it happened. Confusion in the spelling of particles not/nor leads not only to spelling errors, but also to a distortion of the meaning of the statement. Compare: nothing(particle neither has an intensifying meaning) – nothing(particle Not has a negative value).
The choice of particle can completely change the meaning of a statement to the opposite: not one (= no one at all) – not one (= many), not once (= never at all) – more than once (= many times).
Don't confuse negative pronouns with prefixes neither- (nowhere, no one, no one) and pronouns with a particle neither (no one, no where, no one). Compare: Neither where not a trace of a person was found. - I have no idea neither who are you, neither where do you live, neither who do you serve.
Pay attention to the difference between phrases none other than - no one else; nothing more than nothing else. Particle Not expresses negation, and the entire phrase is used to contrast parts of the statement with each other. Opposition is expressed by conjunction How(= union A). If the sentence is affirmative and if it is impossible to add a second negation without violating the meaning, use the particle Not and write it separately. For example: Everything that happened was Not nothing more than a stupid prank. He stood uncertainly on the threshold Not who else but the long-awaited guest.
If a pronoun with a particle can be meaningfully replaced by particles exactly, just, then the particle is used Not and the phrase is written separately: none other than; nothing more than. Example: A registered letter arrived - nothing more than invitation to a competition that has been awaited for a long time. - A registered letter has arrived - just that invitation to the competition that has been awaited for a long time.
If the sentence is negative, i.e. the predicate has its own negative particle Not, That neither- acts as a prefix and is written combined with a negative pronoun: Neither no one else could have said it better. This is donkey stubbornness neither there was no other way to win.
If the sentence is affirmative, phrases no one else, nothing else are used for joining. A negation not expressed in a sentence exists potentially and can be restored from the context: I only want this and neither anything else (I don’t want).
If the phrase contains a conjunction How, write all words separately and with a particle Not: This package Not nothing more than a gift. If the union How no, write a prefix neither-: Neither who else does not understand me so well.
If a conjunction is used in a sentence A, write the particle Not(separately): I want to say everything Not to someone A only for him alone. If a conjunction is used And, write neither(separately if it is a particle, together if it is a prefix): Much has gone forever and neither that it won't be the same anymore.

2.Do not confuse homonyms: pronoun + preposition and conjunctions/adverbs. Pay attention to how they agree with other members of the sentence, what syntactic role they themselves play, what question can be asked of them, etc.

For what We're going to the store, what are we going to look for there? – For what do you follow me and whine all the time?
For that that you helped me, I will thank you. – But I have a wide soul and a kind heart!
What does it have to do with are all these people here? – They trained a lot and prepared for the competition, and some even abandoned their studies.
Moreover What we were able to unearth from the ancient tomb was a sword and shield. – Moreover, if you think sensibly, he has power on his side.

3.Remember that never mind– this is not a pronoun, but an adverb.

Of course, this is a very extensive material and it is difficult to master it in one go. Therefore, we suggest that you bookmark this article in your browser so that it is always at hand at the right time. Contact her whenever you need any information about pronouns.

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Write down the sentences you made. Determine the person of each pronoun. Is it possible to assume that the verb also has a person form? Explain your answer.
Determine the person of the verb in each sentence based on the person form of the pronoun.
Determine the tense and number of verbs. Why have the endings of verbs changed? Highlight the endings.

Pay attention! Verbs present And future tense, like personal pronouns, have the form faces. The verb of each person has its own personal ending. When a verb changes by person, its personal ending.

You(2nd sheet, unit) draw [eat] (2nd sheet, unit).

We(1st letter, plural) I draw [1st letter, plural].

She(3rd sheet, singular part) draws (3rd sheet, singular part).

Changing verbs by person and number in the form of present and future tense (conjugation)

164. Read the table “Changing verbs by persons and numbers in the form of the present and future tense.”

Read the questions answered by verbs in the present and future tenses of each person and number. Name the verbs in this person and number, clearly pronouncing their personal endings.
Which part of the word changes when the verb changes in persons and numbers?

165. Discuss: which of these verbs does not change in persons and numbers (does not conjugate)? Explain your answer.

I’ll give, I’ll read, I’ll tell, I’ll make friends, I’ll build.

166. Write down the personal endings of the verbs of each person and number (see table).

1st sheet, unit ch. -u, -yu
2nd sheet, unit. h...
3rd l., units. h...

1st letter, plural h...
2nd l., pl. h...
3rd letter, pl. h...

167. Conjugate in writing the verb I am silent in the present tense and the verb I'll go in the future tense. Highlight the personal endings of the verbs.

Check the table to see if you have correctly written the endings of the verbs in the 2nd person singular.

168. Read it.

They will write, we are working, he sees, repeat, I will advise, you look, it will melt, we will create, you will build, you get up, I value, they talk.

Match each verb with the question it answers.

Write down each question and next to it the verb that answers that question.
In parentheses, indicate the tense, person, and number of the verb. Highlight personal endings.

Sample. (What am I doing?) expensive [y] (present, vr., 1st p., singular).

169. Read it.

1. The seeders went out into the fields, and the earth would be filled with grains. (V. Nesterenko) 2. Without a kind word, without a warm word, without a tender word, a patient is not treated. (Yu. Moritz) 3. We will clean the yard.4 We will sweep up2 the autumn litter. (V. Stepanov) 4. Somewhere in space a blue meteorite is flying. (R. Seph) 5. You go out onto the porch. In the dark blue sky, stars twinkle here and there. (I. Turgenev) 6. I’m waiting for the snow to melt. (M. Chekhov)

What do the words mean? seeder, meteorite? Read the meanings of these words in the textbook's explanatory dictionary.
Write down the verbs in the present and future tenses, determine their tense, person and number. Highlight the personal endings of the verbs.

Sample. Will [et] (bud. tense, 3rd sheet, unit).

Page for the curious

Can I say “win”?

In Russian, some verbs do not have the 1st person singular form of the present and future tense. These are verbs win, convince, dare, fawn, vacuum, shout, rustle etc. Descriptive expressions or verbs with similar meaning will help you express the speaker’s action:

(I) will be able to win, I will win.
I want (I think) to convince, I convince.
I will vacuum, clean with a vacuum cleaner.

170. Read it.

If you look at the pelican, what a wonderful bird it is. The head is small, but the beak is huge, and there is also a bag of skin hanging under it. A whole duck can easily fit in such a bag.

Pelicans feed on fish. And they catch it in a whole flock. They line up on the water in a semicircle and swim to the shore. They swim, flapping their wings, and lowering their heads into the water. They are the ones chasing the fish in front of them. They will drive you to a shallow place, and then the fishing will begin.

(G. Skrebitsky, V. Chaplina)

Determine the topic of the text, come up with a title for it.
Which part of the text can be called description and which part can be called narration? Explain your answer.
Write down the descriptive part of the text. Indicate the person and number above the verbs of the present and future tense, highlight the endings of these verbs.

In the Russian language there is such an inflectional grammatical category as the person of verbs. With its help, you can find out who exactly is performing a specific action. There are three persons of the verb, both singular and plural.

What is the person of a verb in Russian?

Verb person in Russian is an inflectional grammatical category of verbs, expressing the correlation of the action called a verb to the participants in speech. That is, the person of the verb indicates who performs the action. The category of person is inherent in the verbal forms of the present and future tense of the indicative mood, as well as forms of the imperative mood.

Meaning of person category of verbs

In the Russian language there are three persons of the verb in the singular and in the plural, expressing different meanings of what is called an action verb.

Singular:

1st person verb– means that the action relates directly to the speaker, he is the subject of speech (I I'm cooking coffee, me I'll buy apples).
2nd person verb– indicates the correlation of the action to the interlocutor (you read a book, you build a house).
3rd person verb– expresses the relation of an action to a person or to an object that is not involved in speech (he goes to the cinema, she irons his shirt).

Plural:

TOP 5 articleswho are reading along with this

1st person verb– denote an action that relates to a group of people, including the speaker (we are sleeping, we will solve the problem).
2nd person verb– indicate an action that relates to a group of people, including the interlocutor (you think about summer, you will go to the mountains).
3rd person verb– express the attribution of an action to a group of objects or persons who do not take part in speech (they pick mushrooms, they clean the house).

How to determine the person of a verb?

To determine the person of the verb, highlight the personal ending of the verb form, determine its meaning in the context of speech, and also ask questions:

1st person verbs answer questions: What am I doing? What will I do? What are we doing? What will we do?
Verbs 2nd person: What are you doing? What will you do? What are you doing? What will you do?
3rd person verbs: What does it do? What will he do? What are they doing? What will they do?

For the convenience of determining the person of a verb, we provide personal endings and examples of the use of persons of verbs in a table:

	Indicative mood		Imperative
	Unit number	Mn. number	Unit number	Mn. number
1st person	I'm smiling yu sya; I built yu	We are smiling I eat Xia; We have built them	–	Let's smile I eat Xia; Let's build them
2nd person	You smile eat Xia; You built look	you smile yeah sya; you built ite	Smile th Xia; Postro th	Smile please sya; Postro please
3rd person	He smiles no Xia; She built it	They smile ut Xia; They built yat	Let him smile no Xia; Let her build it;	Let them smile ut Xia; Let them build yat;

In the imperative mood, the 1st and 3rd person forms are formed using particles let's, yes, let, let.

Lesson objectives:

introduce students to verb conjugation;
learn to recognize the person of a verb, consciously use verbs in the present,
past and future tense;
develop thinking, attention, cognitive interest.

Equipment: Russian language textbook, cards with individual assignments (Appendix 3), vocabulary words, support diagrams, interactive whiteboard, PC.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment.

Checking readiness for the lesson.

Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

			By eat
	By eat		By here you go
	By yeah		By ut

Verbs, what tense are they written down? ( Present tense).

Which part of the word changes? ( End).

What person and number are the pronouns written in?

(1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular and plural).

The topic of our lesson is “CHANGING VERBS BY PERSONS AND NUMBERS.”

II. A minute of penmanship. "Guess".(Appendix 1).

The words are written on the board:

IT, YOU, YOU, DRAW.

Which word is "superfluous"? Why? ( Draw is a verb, the rest are pronouns).

Determine the letter that we will write in calligraphy. It is found in a word that is “superfluous” in this group, and denotes a paired dull soft consonant sound.

What letter is this? (Letter T).

Consonant letter T we will write together with the vowel that occurs twice in the 3rd person pronoun. What letter is this? ( ABOUT).

Determine the order of letters in this series:

Tto Tot Tto

III. Vocabulary-spelling work.

A crossword puzzle is written on the board. "Crossword".(Appendix 1) .

Photography specialist. ( Photographer).
A person who checks and corrects text in preparation for printing. ( Editor).
A specialist in publishing printed works, one who publishes them or runs a publishing house. ( Publisher).
An employee specially sent for information about something. ( Correspondent).
An employee engaged in literary and journalistic activities in newspapers. ( Journalist).
Number of copies of the printed publication published. ( Circulation).

What word did you come up with vertically? ( Newspaper).

Explain the meaning of this word.

(Periodical publication in the form of large sheets, usually daily, dedicated to the events of current life). ( Appendix 1 ).

What children's newspapers do you know?

What newspapers are published in our city?

Children write down answers to these questions. Letter with comments.

Remember that the name of the newspaper is capitalized and enclosed in quotation marks.

During the lesson we will try to create our own newspaper. Therefore, we are announcing a competition for the best newspaper name. At the end of the lesson we will choose the most suitable one. “The most active student in the lesson.”

We solved the crossword puzzle. Let's move on to the next section.

“100 questions. 100 answers."(Appendix 1) .

IV. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Work according to the table.

Verb conjugation.

Verbs, what tense are they given? ( Real).

How did you change the verbs? ( By persons and numbers).

Which part of the word changes when verbs change in person and number? ( End).

Form from verb I'm writing– past tense, future tense.

Review the past tense orally.

Future tense. (Textbook p. 184)

Conclusion: Changing the endings of verbs in persons and numbers is called conjugation.

What kind of persons do verbs have? (1st, 2nd and 3rd). (Appendix 1).

What numbers do verbs have? (Singular and plural).

How to determine the person and number of a verb? (By pronoun and verb ending).

“We’ll talk about this and that.” A little bit of history.(Appendix 1).

Imagine, 30,000 years ago people could not speak. Only at this time did changes occur in the structure of a person’s larynx, and he became able to say something. But this does not mean that people did not communicate before. They made sounds, made faces and used sign language.

Conjugate the verb READ in your notebook.

	I'm reading		we read
	you're reading		are you reading
	reads		read

Every issue of any magazine or newspaper talks about seasonal changes.

What time of year is it now?

What month is it now? What do you know about this month?

Physical exercise.

"Seasons".

WORKING WITH TEXT.

Label spellings. Determine the number and person of verbs.

Magnify April b birds yi mmes I cem. At this time, migratory birds are returning, carry on their wings ya xiz warm regions in e off to my homeland.

Connect the parts of the proverbs and explain their meaning.

April flower breaks the snowball.
April streams they wake up the earth.
The sun from the April hill roll into the summer.
April begins with snow, and ends when it turns green.

"Literary page".

WORK FROM THE TEXTBOOK.

Page 185 exercise 425.

V. Consolidation of the studied material.

Exercise “Who recognizes a face.”(Appendix 2).

What is conjugation? (Changing the endings of verbs according to persons and numbers).

How to determine the person and number of a verb? (Person and number are determined by the pronoun and the ending of the verb).

VI. Independent work.

Determine the person of the verbs in each sentence.


		Face
	One day I went to the factory with my mother.
	There my mother showed me many interesting cars.
	In the factory newspaper I saw an article about my mother.
	They have already written about her before.
	I'm proud of my mom.
	Walk only on sidewalks or on the left edge of the road.
	You can’t even take a fish out of the pond without difficulty.
	Winter is still busy and grumbling about spring.
	The loud singing of a nightingale will sometimes haunt us at night.
	You can't tie a knot with one hand.

VII. Homework.

Result:

What interesting things did you remember from the lesson?

The most active students.

The best name for a newspaper created in class.

Literature:

Garayeva Ya.Sh. Lesson developments in the Russian language for the educational set of T.G. Ramzaeva: 4th grade. – M.: VAKO, 2006. – 400 p.
Ozhegov S.I. and Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: 80,000 words and phraseological expressions / Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian Language named after. V.V. Vinogradova. – 4th ed., supplemented. – M.: Azbukovnik, 1997. – 944 pp.
Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language: Textbook. For 4th grade. four years old. beginning school – 7th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2002. – 256 p.: ill.
Children's magazines “Why and Why”, “Erudite”, “SINBAD”.
Rakitina M.G. Russian language. Mathematics. Test tasks. 3 (4) grade.