Waiting for your baby's first milk teeth is an exciting and pleasant time, although it is accompanied by some inconveniences. However, one expectation soon gives way to another. And now mom and dad can’t wait for the baby teeth to start replacing with molars.

Features of dental care

The sooner you teach your child to take care of his mouth, the healthier his teeth will be. Both molars and baby teeth need cleaning. Moreover, the first permanent teeth especially need this, because at first the enamel is still very thin. It lacks the minerals to resist germs and tooth decay. Therefore, experts recommend using a paste containing fluoride. After each meal, it is strongly recommended to rinse your mouth with clean water. It is advisable to eat less sweets during the day, because... Sugar destroys enamel.

Sometimes during the process of changing teeth, discomfort in the gums and itching are observed, and complaints of increased sensitivity while eating are noted. Foods containing calcium and vitamin-mineral complexes help strengthen teeth. A qualified pediatric dentist can give practical advice on relieving pain and itching, as well as prescribe vitamins.

Teeth are growing crooked: what to do?

Curvature of molars can appear literally out of the blue, even if the baby row was perfect. The most common cause of individual teeth protruding or misaligned is slow jaw growth, while the teeth themselves are growing at a normal rate. Thus, there is simply not enough space for the teeth, and they take up space above their neighbors. Another reason for curvature is the habit of sucking a finger, tongue or foreign objects (pacifiers, pens, etc.).

It is possible to determine whether a child’s oral cavity is developing correctly at about 5 years of age. Conduct a simple inspection at home and pay attention to the gaps between your teeth. If they are sufficient for the appearance of the first molars, then everything is in order. If baby teeth sit very tightly together, then it may make sense to visit an orthodontist.

Removal of a baby tooth: in what cases is it necessary?

The desire of many parents to pull out a baby tooth immediately after it begins to loosen can be explained by the desire to help the child and ease his suffering. However, this should not be done. With natural loosening, changing teeth is less painful.

There are two good reasons for surgical tooth extraction:

• when it interferes with the eruption of the molar, and this can lead to curvature;
• when there is an inflammatory process.

A tooth can also be removed if it has been loose for a long time, causing discomfort to the baby. If you have any other concerns, we recommend that you consult a specialist.

A tooth fell out: what to do?

With a normal change of teeth, the wound after tooth loss does not bleed. In this case, it is enough for the child not to eat or drink for the next 2 hours. This will prevent irritants from getting into the wound, as well as infection. To prevent infection, you can make a rinse solution: 2 tablespoons of salt per glass of water with the addition of 2-3 drops of iodine.

If the cavity in the gum is bleeding, do not be alarmed. This only indicates a rupture of thin vessels under the tooth. You can stop the bleeding by biting on a cotton swab for 5-10 minutes. If blood still flows after this, call a doctor and get tested.

Caries of primary teeth: prevention and treatment

Caries of primary teeth is a common problem in children. Many parents do not attach much importance to it, hoping that the affected tooth will soon fall out, and make a mistake. An advanced infection can cause jaw deformation, displacement of molars, as well as their damage in their infancy.

Most often, caries is detected at the age of 2-3 years, and the appearance of dark spots is influenced not only by insufficient hygiene, but even by the mother’s lifestyle during pregnancy. Poor nutrition, taking strong medications, as well as bad habits often provoke the development of caries during the baby’s intrauterine development.

Caries also often occurs in premature babies, in bottle-fed babies (especially with prolonged use of bottles), and in babies with gastrointestinal problems. The teeth of those with a sweet tooth are often affected. The plaque that remains after eating sweets quickly destroys thin enamel.

We recommend visiting a dentist immediately after the first baby teeth appear. In the future, it is necessary to examine the oral cavity at least once a year. This is the main method of prevention and timely treatment.

They can characterize both the biological and passport age of the child. The process and timing of teething depend not only on inherited genetic parameters, that is, how they erupted in mom and dad, and even in ancestors in the seventh generation. But the timing of teething can be influenced by external and internal factors. For example: climatic conditions, diet, quality of drinking water, etc. In this regard, the timing of the eruption of permanent teeth varies in different regions. The hotter the climate. The earlier teeth usually erupt. Although this is also not an axiom.

Baby teeth usually begin to emerge at 6-8 months. A one-year-old baby, as a rule, celebrates his first birthday with four upper and lower incisors in his mouth. By two years, molars and canines. Second primary molars appear after another six months. Complete formation of the primary dentition is usually completed at three years of age. By the age of three, a child should have grown all 20 baby teeth.

What to do if by 9 months your child has not yet erupted a single tooth? First of all, don’t worry ahead of time. Dentists consider a delay in the eruption of primary teeth within 6 months to be completely natural. However, boys tend to erupt teeth later than girls.

Start by carefully examining your baby's gums: it is very likely that they look swollen and reddened, or, on the contrary, the gums are thin and pale, and the edge of the tooth can be felt underneath and even visible. In order to speed up teething, buy special ring toys - teething stimulators. A light massage of the gums with a clean finger or a cold teaspoon is also useful. Pressure on the gums facilitates and speeds up teething, and cold reduces discomfort.

Delays in teething can be caused by general growth retardation due to a number of child diseases, primarily rickets. Consult your pediatrician: your baby may need vitamins or calcium supplements to maintain normal mineral metabolism.

In rare cases, children have edentia - the absence of tooth buds. So if your baby is over a year old and his teeth have not yet begun to emerge, you should consult a dentist. You can check the presence of tooth germs using an x-ray. X-ray irradiation may be unsafe for a child’s body, so this study should be performed only when necessary and as prescribed by a doctor. Today it is possible to reduce the harmful effects of X-rays if you take a picture using a radiovisiograph. Such equipment is usually available in every modernly equipped dental clinic.

Symptoms of teething in a child.

How to determine that a child is already cutting his first tooth? Symptoms of a baby's first teeth erupting include red, inflamed gums, burning cheeks and, possibly, an already swollen white ball from which a tooth is about to emerge. True, he can make himself wait. Before being exposed, the tooth must first pass through the bone tissue that surrounds it, and then through the mucous membrane of the gums. Do you need help somehow? You should not interfere with the natural course of events, because nature has provided that children’s teeth are born independently, without special external efforts or additional devices. There is no need to irritate your baby's gums by scratching them with a piece of sugar or the handle of a spoon, as was done before. This can damage delicate baby teeth and cause infection in the jaw bone. Be careful with bagels, bread crusts, bagels: their crumbs can get stuck in the respiratory tract.

During a person’s life, 20 teeth change once, and the remaining 8-12 teeth do not change; they erupt initially as permanent teeth (molars).

Teething.
First (medial) lower incisors - 6-9 months.
First (medial) upper incisors - 7-10 months.
Second (lateral) upper incisors - 9-12 months.
Second (lateral) lower incisors - 9-12 months.
First upper molars - 12-18 months.
First lower molars - 13-19 months.
Upper canines - 16-20 months.
Lower canines - 17-22 months.
Second lower molars - 20-33 months.
Second upper molars - 24-36 months.

These tables are approximate. According to statistics, the first tooth in modern infants appears on average only at 8 and a half months. Thus, the timing of the eruption of other teeth is shifted. Dentists believe that the later the first tooth erupts, the later the baby teeth will begin to fall out and this is undoubtedly good. However, before the baby is one year old, at least one tooth must appear, otherwise the causes should be looked for in some diseases, for example, rickets. The first tooth can come in pairs, and the same is true with subsequent teeth. It happens that a baby has 4 teeth at once. Naturally, such “massive” growth of teeth affects the timing of teething. The situation is also uncertain with the order in which teeth appear; you simply cannot influence this, so “don’t worry in vain,” because everything goes as nature intended.

By the age of three, all baby teeth erupt in a child, which by the age of 5 begin to gradually be replaced by permanent teeth.

There are 20 primary teeth in total: on each jaw there are 4 incisors (4 central teeth), 2 canines (third from the center or “eye” teeth) and 4 molars (fourth and fifth from the center “chewing” teeth).
An adult normally has 28-32 permanent teeth: each jaw has 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 4-6 molars. The development of the third molar (“wisdom tooth”) may not occur at all, with congenital edentia of the third molars, which is also considered normal. Another situation is also possible: a wisdom tooth is embedded in the thickness of the jaw, but never erupts due to incorrect position or lack of space in the jaw. This situation occurs very often.

Afterwards, there are no gaps (cracks, gaps) between them, which is the norm. But as the jaw grows, before the baby teeth are replaced by permanent ones, gaps should appear between the baby teeth. This process is necessary because permanent teeth are larger in size than baby teeth and if spaces are not formed, then the permanent teeth do not fit in the jaws and the child receives “crooked” permanent teeth.
In parallel with the formation of spaces between temporary teeth, the roots of baby teeth are “reabsorbed”, after which the teeth alternately become loose and fall out. Nowadays there is even a fashion to buy a box made of gold or silver to store the first teeth.

There is no general opinion about the normal timing of teething, since scientific studies by different authors were carried out in different regions and in different years of the last and present century.

If it hurts a lot...

Teething may be accompanied by increased excitability: the child becomes restless, capricious, often wakes up crying at night, and may refuse to eat. At the same time, the baby will put any object in his mouth, since chewing reduces the itching of irritated gums. The secretion of saliva is sharply increased, which, flowing from the mouth, can cause skin irritation. Often, a limited area of ​​redness or rash appears on the cheek on the side of the erupting tooth. The child's temperature may rise to subfebrile levels (within 37.8°). However, fever does not necessarily accompany teething.

During teething, one or another infection may develop. Therefore, if your baby develops symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, ear pain, diarrhea, cough, rash, persistent loss of appetite or high fever, you should consult a doctor.

What remedies relieve pain? The simplest thing is cold. Cold relieves pain and reduces swelling. If this does not help, you can use dental gel or ointment containing anti-inflammatory and pain relievers to lubricate the gums. If necessary, you can give your child a pain reliever. Any medications should be used only as prescribed by a doctor.

Here are common questions worried moms ask.

What to do if teeth erupt at the wrong time? Do nothing. There is no clear concept of “late teething”, or rather “teething dates” are relative, generally accepted terms, and not strict data. These terms are determined by average values ​​and depend on neonatal (how the birth went) indicators, physical constitution, individual characteristics of the baby, etc. So, no matter what time teeth erupt, this period is normal for this child. By the way, the same applies to the eruption of permanent teeth and wisdom teeth. Only in rare cases of obvious pathologies can the timing of eruption really be abnormal.

The later teeth erupt, the healthier they are? Unfortunately, this is not the case - the timing of teething and their “quality” are in no way connected.

What sedatives can be used in children during teething? Do these drugs affect the teething process? No, these drugs do not affect the teething process in any way. They have all been clinically tested and naturally have no side effects. The only limitation is children with allergies, but there is also a sedative for them - Doctor Baby. Almost all such gels contain lidocaine and inert fillers (menthol for cooling, flavoring agents and astringents). I can recommend the following drugs:

Dentinox
Kalgel is sweet, you should not use it if you have diathesis.
Kamistad is very effective, but must be used in moderation.
Mundizal
Holisal
“Solcoseryl” dental paste (available for external use, do not confuse it) - is especially effective if there are bleeding wounds or painful ulcers.
Dr. Baby - for allergies to lidocaine

How often can soothing gels be used? Soothing gels do not need to be used according to a specific regimen (such as antibiotics). It hurts - you apply it, it doesn’t hurt - don’t apply it. But don’t get too carried away, it’s better not to use it more than 3-4 times a day and more than 3 days in a row.

How to speed up teething? No medication. A method proven over the years is a gentle massage of the gums. Gently massage the gums with a clean finger and the child will feel better, and the tooth will erupt a little faster. Just don’t press too hard, don’t injure yourself. Usually they give the child a cold spoon to suck on, but you can also keep the pacifier in the refrigerator for a little while and give it to the child. There are special teethers with coolant. Place in the refrigerator. Then you give it to the child to chew on. But don't overdo it.

Can bad breath occur during teething and what is the reason for this? During teething, the mucous membrane partially decomposes (lysis). Salivary enzymes play an active role in this process. As you know, the amount of saliva increases during teething. This is due specifically to the lysis process. This can actually change the viscosity, color and smell of saliva. In addition, saliva contains weak antibacterial substances that prevent infection of the wound formed during tooth eruption. Their active influence can also change the normal properties of saliva. A certain amount of blood also enters the oral cavity, and when it decomposes, a sour (metallic) odor may also arise.

What to do if the temperature rises sharply during teething? In principle, a slight increase in temperature during teething is normal. But she won't be 39-40. This does not happen when teething.
Caution: Teething should not cause high fever, diarrhea, vomiting, complete loss of appetite, cramps or choking. If you experience these symptoms, even if you think they are related to your teeth, consult your doctor. It is also not recommended to give a child an antipyretic and analgesic (syrup, suppositories) without consulting a doctor and at a body temperature below 38.5 C.

How can children distinguish between an increase in temperature during teething and an increase in temperature for some other reason? How long can a fever last during teething? Everything is individual, but generally hyperthermia and diarrhea are only secondary signs of teething. For a very small organism, this is a severe physiological fracture. Now most pediatricians and physiologists admit that increased temperature during teething is most likely a reaction to inflammation of the oral mucosa. At the site where the teeth emerge, irritation forms, often a wound (from friction and due to lysis), and often the wound becomes infected. So hyperthermia is caused not by the mechanism of tooth formation itself, but by side effects. One of the arguments in favor of this opinion is that when permanent teeth erupt, despite the similarity of histological and physiological changes, such symptoms almost never occur.

The occurrence of cold and diarrhea symptoms is explained by a sharp change in diet and diet, constant foreign objects in the mouth and microflora disturbance, as well as a weakening of local immunity in the nasopharynx.
From this we can conclude that if the fever and loose stools continue for too long (more than 72 hours), then the reason most likely is not teething.

Possible features of teeth in children at the teething stage:

Expansion of spaces between teeth. It may reflect increased growth of the jaws and during the transition period from baby teeth to permanent teeth is regarded as a normal condition. A wide gap between the front incisors on the maxilla is usually associated with a deep-lying maxillary frenulum. The tactics for monitoring and treating wide gaps between teeth are determined by an orthodontist.

A blackish edging on the neck of the tooth can be due to the use of soluble iron supplements or a chronic inflammatory process (precipitation of bacteria of the leptotrichium group);

Yellowish-brown staining of teeth is most often associated with the use of antibiotics by the mother in the second half of pregnancy or by the child during the period of teeth formation.

A yellowish-greenish color develops in severe disorders of bilirubin metabolism and hemolytic (destruction of red blood cells) conditions;

Reddish staining of tooth enamel is characteristic of a congenital disorder of pigment metabolism - porphyrin. This disease is called porphyria;

Malocclusions occur due to uneven growth of the jaws, due to prolonged sucking of the nipple;
Anomalies in the location of teeth occur for constitutional reasons (small jaw size), due to injuries, congenital disorders of connective tissue metabolism, and tumors of the alveolar process of the jaw.

The absence of teeth before 1 year of age is extremely rarely associated with edentia - the absence of their rudiments. You can check the presence of tooth germs using a special radiovisiography method prescribed by a pediatric dentist.

Atypical situations.

Timely growth of teeth in a certain sequence indicates the normal development of the baby’s body. This is a physiological process and is directly related to the general health of the child. But let’s consider some atypical situations that may indirectly indicate the presence of pathology. However, only indirectly. Let us make a reservation once again that only careful research can confirm or refute these assumptions.

1) A delay in the timing of eruption (longer than 1-2 months from the norm) may be a consequence of rickets, an infectious disease, prolonged dysfunction of the intestines and changes in metabolism.
2) Earlier teething (before 1-2 months before normal) may indicate endocrine disorders.
3) Violation of the order, the absence of one or another tooth can also be the result of some anomalies in the child’s health (there are isolated cases when even the rudiments of teeth are missing) or be a consequence of diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy.
4) The eruption of a tooth outside the arch of the dentition can be caused by an incorrect position of the tooth axis (horizontal or oblique).
5) Incorrect formation of the tooth itself - size, shape, position, color, lack of enamel coating, etc. The causes of these phenomena should be analyzed by a specialist.
6) The appearance of teeth even before birth. Such situations are extremely rare. Such teeth prevent the child from sucking at the mother's breast; they are usually removed.

Here are some things to remember when teething:

Regularly rub your baby's face with a special towel to remove saliva and prevent skin irritation; it is better not to rub, but to gently blot the saliva so as not to cause irritation around the mouth.
Place a clean, flat cloth under the baby's head to absorb any drool. When the napkin gets wet, you won't have to re-make the sheet.

Give your child something to chew on. Make sure the item is large enough that your child won't swallow it or chew it into small pieces. A damp washcloth placed in the freezer for 30 minutes can be a good solution, just remember to wash it after each use. Special teething rings, which are sold in pharmacies, are also effective. If you use rings, do not freeze them until they are stone-cold to avoid damaging your weak gums. Never tie a teething ring around your baby's neck to avoid getting caught in the band. Gently massage your baby's gums with a clean finger.

Never place aspirin or other tablets on your teeth, or rub alcohol-containing solutions into your gums.
If your child is feeling unwell, paracetamol in pediatric dosage may help. BUT FIRST CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR!

When teeth appear, you need to start caring for them. A child up to 1-1.5 years old can brush his teeth once a day with a special soft plastic brush (put on the mother’s finger). In this case, it is convenient to sit the baby on your lap, with his back to you. For an older child, you can buy the first children's toothbrush of a comfortable size, with durable bristles. At this age, children imitate adults with pleasure, and the ritual of morning and evening brushing of teeth is easily established. It is clear that the baby is still playing with brushing his teeth, and while the mother is brushing them - it is most convenient to stand behind the baby. From the age of two, you can teach your child to rinse his mouth with water (it would be good to do this every time after eating) and use children's toothpaste. You may have to try several brands of toothpaste before your baby is satisfied with the new taste.

Other measures to prevent caries (baby teeth are more fragile than permanent teeth and are affected in a shorter time!) include monitoring the amount of sweets in the child’s diet and avoiding sweet drinks (juices, sweet water) at night and at night.

Your child should see the dentist for the first time when he or she is one year old. However, if something bothers you - a broken tooth, darkening of the tooth, presence of stains on it, bad breath - consult a doctor as soon as possible. The health of baby teeth is the key to the proper formation and health of permanent teeth.

How to prevent tooth decay

1. Do not lick the pacifier or use a baby spoon to taste your baby's food. This will protect your baby's mouth from bacteria found in an adult's saliva.
2. If possible, reduce the sugar content in your child's diet. Offer water or natural juice instead of sweetened drinks, and never give sugary drinks as a sleep aid at night.
3. Teach your one-year-old baby to drink a few sips of water after eating, and after two years - to rinse his mouth after eating.
4. Bring your child to the dentist regularly for examinations. The first time this can be done is two years old. If problems arise earlier, do not delay going to the doctor. Check your child's teeth at least once every six months.
5. Try to prevent dental injuries. If the enamel is damaged, they are destroyed faster.
Strengthen your baby's teeth with a healthy menu. Include in your child's daily diet 10 - 20 g of hard cheese, a few tablespoons of seaweed, 5 - 6 raisins, 1 - 2 dried apricots, green and black tea (rich in fluoride).
6. The child should brush his teeth after every meal or at least twice a day, including always before bed.

Have you cut your teeth? It's time to clean

Immediately after teething, the child’s teeth are exposed to aggressive environmental influences. Microbes settle on the teeth, forming a film of plaque. Acids are actively produced in dental plaque. Under their influence, the enamel of baby teeth is easily destroyed and a carious cavity is formed.

Acid production occurs especially actively in the presence of sugar. Therefore, the cause of the development of caries in the first years of life is often an early transition to artificial feeding, especially if the child sucks sweet milk formulas or juices from a bottle for a long time.

You need to start regular oral care before teething. Using a moistened sanitary napkin placed on a clean finger, carefully wipe the mucous membrane of the cheeks and gums. Newly erupted incisors are also first wiped with a napkin.

In the second year of life, it is time to start using a toothbrush. Today there are special toothbrushes on sale - they are small and have especially soft bristles. For example, I can recommend the “My First Colgate” brush. Funny bright toys decorating the handle of this brush will form a positive attitude towards brushing your teeth in your child.

Until two years of age, we recommend that parents clean their baby’s teeth simply with a damp toothbrush. From the age of two you can start using toothpaste. It is best if it is a paste containing fluoride. However, it should be remembered that a small child tends to swallow toothpaste while brushing, so up to 6 years of age it is better to use children's toothpastes with a reduced fluoride content. For one-time brushing, it is enough to use a small amount of fluoride toothpaste - about the size of a pea.

The risk of early development of caries is increased with insufficient fluoride content in drinking water. This situation occurs, for example, in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Children from 2 to 14 years old need compensation for the daily intake of fluoride into the body. Your child's pediatrician or pediatric dentist should determine the recommended daily dose of sodium fluoride tablets or drops for your child.

The eruption of baby teeth shows that the baby has matured! Typically, teeth erupt when the child is six months old. However, these boundaries are much wider.

The order of teething is already determined by nature. Typically, the lower front teeth erupt first, followed by the upper ones.

The order and timing of teething in children

What happens to the baby, what to expect from these difficult months, what actions to take and when will all this finally end? Teething in children usually begins around six months; On average, by the age of one year a baby has 8 incisors, and the eruption of all 20 baby teeth should be completed by 2.5 - 3 years. However, the timing of teething can vary greatly - they depend on heredity and the child’s nutrition.

In a newborn, the crowns of the front milk teeth are already formed, but lie in the dental sacs of the jaws. After birth, the formation and growth of roots begins, and interalveolar septa are formed. Then atrophy of the gum area occurs and the crown comes to the surface. The timing of the eruption of primary teeth is related to the physical condition of the child (living conditions, nutrition, illness, etc.). Girls start teething a little earlier than boys.

The diagram shows the order of eruption of baby teeth in a child up to 2 - 2 and a half years old.

The question of the order of teething is clearer. The first teeth to erupt are the lower row - the central incisors. They can grow simultaneously, or they can take turns. Following them, according to the principle of pairing of teeth of the same name, the upper incisors erupt.

Table. Timing of baby teeth eruption

The first to appear are the lower incisors - only a few. This occurs between six and nine months of age. However, the top units may be somewhat ahead of them. Their time is from seven to nine months.

Twos, both upper and lower, are expected a little later - from nine months to one year, the child already acquires these copies.

Fours (molars) are ahead of threes - they should be expected at 13-19 months. Don't worry about the mess, this is a normal situation.

Then fangs or triplets begin to erupt; they appear between the ages of 16 and 23 months - by the age of two, your child will already have a fairly cute white-toothed smile.

The last teeth to appear, of course, are the quints or the second molars. They should erupt at 23-33 months.

Sometimes teething occurs earlier: some mothers notice the baby’s first tooth at four months, while other babies are born with a tooth. However, in the latter case, the tooth most often has to be removed - this is perhaps the only anomaly, but it can also be easily corrected.

At the 7th year of life, the replacement of baby teeth with permanent ones occurs, the time of eruption of which, as a rule, coincides with the resorption of the roots of baby teeth and their loss. In contrast, the formation of a permanent bite begins with the appearance of the first molars of the lower jaw and normally ends by 15-18 years. The central incisors (8-9 years), first premolars (9-10 years), canines (10-11 years), second premolars (11-12 years), second molars (12-13 years) sequentially erupt. The third molars of the lower jaw, or as they are sometimes called “wisdom” teeth, grow later, often after the age of 20-25 years.

Table. Timing of permanent teeth eruption

There was a time when it was believed that late teething was due to rickets, but this is not true! Numerous studies in this area show that delayed teething is characteristic of many normally developing babies.

Often baby teeth are located asymmetrically. Incorrect placement of baby teeth is not considered a disease! Such “dental disorder” has every right to exist until the dentition is completely closed, that is, until the first 16 teeth appear. Then, as a result of chewing food, the baby teeth “grind in” and fall into place.

Teething problems

A delay in teething may be a consequence of rickets, an infectious disease, prolonged dysfunction of the intestines and changes in metabolism. Earlier teething - endocrine disorders.

Parents of the child should be wary of the following:

• Delay in teething (longer than 1-2 months from normal).
• Earlier teething (earlier than 1-2 months from normal).
• Violation of sequence, absence of one or another tooth.
• Eruption of teeth outside the arch of the dentition.
• Incorrect formation of the tooth itself.
• Teething before birth.

The listed situations may be the result of pathological processes in the baby’s body and require consultation with a pediatrician and pediatric dentist.

Timing and order of teething. Video. Doctor Komarovsky:

There is no single pattern or timing for baby teething. The body of any child is strictly individual, which means that each child will erupt teeth at its own time.

Based on this, we can say that it is simply impossible to accurately determine the timing of the onset of teething, since they are unpredictable.

Teething symptoms

The time when a child begins to erupt his first baby teeth is quite difficult. During this period, the child becomes capricious, constantly cries and shows anxiety.

The only troubles that can be explained by the appearance of teeth are slight “crankiness”, drooling and the formation of bad habits, for example, finger sucking. Appetite may decrease, the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness may be disrupted due to constant itching of the gums.

Body temperature rises very often during teething. The numbers usually do not exceed 38.5 degrees. The reason is the development of an inflammatory process in the child’s oral mucosa.

Vomiting and diarrhea are infrequent companions to the teething process. It may be that the child swallowed saliva. But if vomiting or diarrhea recurs, the body temperature rises - most likely the culprit of this condition is one or another infectious agent.

The process of teething significantly loads all systems of the child’s body. Therefore, despite all its naturalness and physiology, it is associated with quite serious discomfort and a number of unpleasant complications.

Of course, there are simply no guaranteed means of getting rid of unpleasant sensations during teething. But it is still quite possible to help your baby and reduce the negative manifestations of this process. How to help your baby teething

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Many people believe that there are no differences between permanent and temporary teeth, but this is not true. At a minimum, their number differs (milk - 20, permanent, as a rule, 32). Temporary teeth have a light shade, while permanent teeth are naturally more yellow. Indigenous ones are also significantly larger in size than dairy ones - visually it is quite easy to distinguish them. Here are the most common questions asked by Internet users on this topic.

1. Do children have molars? Of course, there are, and at a certain point they begin to actively erupt.


2. How many molars do children have? From 28 to 32 (the maximum set appears after all eights appear).


3. Which molars appear first in a child? Typically, the lower central incisor erupts first.


4. At what age do children start to get their molars? Usually, dentition renewal begins after 6–7 years, but there are no strict limits.


5. Do children lose molars? By themselves - no, as a result of injuries and illnesses - yes.


6. What are the risks of removing a molar tooth in children? As cliche as it may sound, his loss. And yes, a new one will not grow. Everything is like in adults.


7. What to do if a child has yellow molars? Permanent teeth have a more yellowish tint than temporary teeth. Plaque on a child’s molars is normal, but hygiene should never be neglected.


8. What to do if a child has black molars? When teething, baby teeth may have a black color (the so-called Priestley plaque, or pigment bacteria). However, this does not happen with molars. If they are black, go to the dentist immediately.


9. What to do if a child does not have molar buds? This happens, but very rarely. Fortunately, with modern implantation and prosthetics technologies, the problem can be solved.


10. Is it normal for a child to have crooked molars? Contact an orthodontist immediately: correcting a bite in childhood is much easier and faster than in adults.


11. Which teeth do children replace with molars? All twenty, plus new molars appearing.

Molars in children: symptoms of eruption

• Fever. When teething in children, body temperature may rise, usually not higher than 38 degrees.


• Itching and pain at the site where the molar appears. Various gels and ointments, as well as gum massage, will help relieve children from unpleasant sensations.


• Increased salivation and runny nose.

The growth of molars in children, especially at the initial stage, leads to weakened immunity. Take vitamins and don't forget about preventive visits to the dentist.

When does a child's molars come out?

Most parents are interested in the question: at what age do children’s molars begin to erupt? The first buds form in the fifth month of pregnancy. The exact timing of their appearance has not been determined and depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. Nevertheless, an approximate scheme for the eruption of molars in children exists. If the appearance of a permanent tooth is delayed for more than six months from the extreme threshold (especially after the loss of a baby tooth), consult a specialist. The doctor will take control of the process and be able to identify complications.

Pattern of growth of molars in children

In most cases, the permanent tooth appears 3 to 5 months after the temporary tooth falls out. The order of eruption of molars is in many ways similar to the appearance of milk teeth. The first molars in children are the lower central incisors. The upper permanent teeth develop later than the lower ones, if we consider them in pairs.

Age	Eruption of molars in children
2 years	There have been references in history where a child was born with one or more molars. Cases when molars erupted in a 2-3 year old child also occur, but are extremely rare (less than 1%).
5 years	When a child is 5 years old, molars very rarely come out (less than 10% of the total). If a baby tooth falls out on its own at such an early age, then there is every reason to believe that a permanent one will soon appear in its place.
6 years	The roots of baby teeth (especially the upper and lower incisors) begin to dissolve and the teeth fall out. Usually, it is at the age of 6 that a child’s first molar begins to erupt.
7 years	At this age, the first lower molars in children (at least one of them) have already erupted and the incisors of the upper jaw are next in line.
9 years	At the age of 9, a child’s second molar should definitely have time to appear. Some children acquire lateral incisors and even a premolar on one of the jaws.
10 years	At the age of ten, children’s back molars begin to actively erupt (premolars, and a little later – molars and canines).
13 years old	At 12–13 years of age, children usually develop a full bite of permanent teeth. The last teeth to emerge are usually the upper canines and second molars. This does not apply to wisdom teeth, which appear in adulthood (after 17–18 years) or may not erupt at all.

Complications during teething

• Delay in the appearance of permanent teeth. This may be due to genetic characteristics, immune system problems and a number of other diseases.


• Uneven teeth and other malocclusions.


• Hyperdentia. The child’s molar tooth (or teeth) grows in the second row. Hyperdentia, or supernumerary of teeth, is a fairly rare phenomenon, but requires the intervention of a dentist to eliminate the risk of malocclusion in a child.

Common problems with molars in children

Problems with molars	How to fix it?
Molar tooth is loose	A common occurrence with injuries and bruises. To avoid tooth loss, an urgent visit to the dentist and the application of a special splint are necessary, especially if the child’s molar sways when touched.
Broken molar tooth	Severe chips may require orthopedic treatment. If a child's front molar has chipped, aesthetic restoration with veneers or crowns may be required.
Molar caries	When the first molars erupt, it is important to prevent the occurrence of caries. If this happens, then it is necessary to stop the disease in its infancy, otherwise it will affect the deeper layers of the tooth.
A child's molar has fallen out	The most unpleasant thing that can happen. If a child knocks out a molar along with the root, then there is a chance to save it. To do this, you need to place the knocked out tooth back into the oral cavity, saline solution or into a glass of milk and urgently rush to the dentist (you need to do it within 30 - 40 minutes after the injury). If a child’s molar tooth has been removed, then there is only one way out - installing a prosthesis.

Molars in children require even more careful care than in adults. Frail enamel is much more susceptible to the effects of carious bacteria and the external environment, and the love of sweets and carbonated drinks does not add strength to it. When children develop a permanent bite, parents need to take special control of oral hygiene and diet (at least until the age of 14–15, when the teenager himself begins to realize the importance of dental health). In general, there are no difficulties here: in order to keep children's teeth strong and healthy, you need to follow several basic points.

• Daily hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, use dental floss and special rinses.


• Proper diet. Limit your intake of sweets and carbohydrates.


• Preventative visits to the dentist at least once every six months. If necessary, fluoridation and sealing of molars in children (so-called fissure sealing).


• Do not forget to wear a protective mouth guard during active games and sports.

Hello, dear readers! The timing of the eruption of permanent teeth is of interest to all parents, since everyone wants their child to quickly acquire a dazzling smile. Replacing baby teeth with molars is a very important process on which oral health will depend in the future.

In this article you will find diagrams from various specialists in the field of pediatric dentistry, with the help of which you can track the growth of your child’s permanent teeth.

Permanent teeth are formed from a special epithelial dental plate. It appears in the child's body in the 5th month of intrauterine development . For a long time this material remains in a preserved form. At a certain age, it becomes active and begins to form permanent teeth.

Molars or permanent teeth are usually divided into two types:

• Replacement - they have milk analogues (incisors, premolars and canines);
• Additional - they do not have milk predecessors (molars).

The rudiments of replacement molars develop in the same alveolus along with the milk precursors. Formation of additional molars starts much later (at approximately 1 year) when the jaw begins to enlarge.

Dates for the eruption of permanent teeth according to WHO (World Health Organization)?

In modern pediatric dentistry, it is customary to rely on these statistics. According to WHO, permanent teeth in children begin to appear:

1. Upper central incisors (11, 21 numbering) lower (31, 41) - 6-8 years.
2. Upper lateral incisors (12, 22) and lower (32, 42) - 8-9 years.
3. Upper canines (13, 23) and lower canines (33, 43) - 10-11 years.
4. First upper (14, 24) and lower (34, 44) premolars - 9-10 years.
5. Second upper (15, 25) and lower second premolars (35, 45) - 11−12.
6. The first upper (16, 26) and lower (36, 46) molars appear at 6 years of age.
7. Second upper (17, 27) and lower second molars (37, 47) - 12−13.
8. Upper third molars (18, 28) and lower third (38, 48) - 18-25 years.

Based on the above table, we can conclude that people continue to develop teeth until the age of 25. The main ones should erupt by age 13 , and only the third molars sleep until adulthood.

Timing of eruption of permanent teeth according to T. F. Vinogradova

Vinogradova T.F. continues to be considered an authoritative specialist at the present time. She created a guide for pediatric dentists called " Pediatric dentistry " She has her own opinion regarding the eruption of permanent teeth.

Below is scheme for the eruption of molars according to Vinogradova:

• central incisors - 5−6 years;
• lateral incisors - 7−9 years;
• fangs - 12−13 years;
• first premolars - 9−11 years;
• second premolars - 9−11 years;
• first molars - 4−6 years;
• second molars - 12−13 years;
• third molars - 18-25 years.

You probably noticed that Vinogradova has an opinion sometimes agrees with WHO statistics . Deviations in timing can be explained by the fact that medical research was carried out in different countries at different times (there is a difference of several decades between studies).

For example, Vinogradova carried out her scientific activities in 1982. By the way, her opinion regarding the growth of permanent teeth in children almost completely coincides with the opinion of L. S. Persin (1984, 1999).

In what order do permanent teeth erupt?

Which permanent teeth do you think appear first? Most likely, you will answer that the central incisors, since this is the most common opinion of parents.

But, in fact, molars erupt first (first) , which occurs around the age of six. And only after them the lower, and then the upper incisors (central) are cut.

After the central ones, the lateral incisors begin to grow. Next, premolars 1 peck, followed by canines. After the fangs, premolars 2 begin to grow. Molars 2 and 3 are the last ones to erupt. By the way, molars 3 - “wisdom teeth” in common parlance, may not emerge at all.

Why did the growth pattern of permanent teeth become this way? The fact is that this is how a healthy, correct bite is formed in a child. If the sequence of teeth eruption is disrupted, then having problems with bite , namely its deformation.

By the way, the roots of permanent teeth take longer to form than teeth. Let's study this process.

The process of formation of roots of permanent teeth

• in the upper central incisors, roots are formed at 9-13 years, in the lower ones - at 7-11 years;
• for the upper lateral incisors - 9-12 years, lower - 8-11 years;
• for the upper canines - 9-12 years, for the lower ones - at the same age of the child;
• for the first upper premolars - 11-13 years, for the lower ones - at a similar age;
• in the second upper premolars - the same as in the first;
• for the first upper molars - 9-13 years, for the lower ones - the same;
• in the second molars (top and bottom), the roots grow at the age of 14–15 years.

“Wisdom teeth” do not have a specific period of pecking, so it is problematic to determine the timing of the appearance of their roots. Thus, we can conclude that the growth of permanent teeth in a child is completely completed only by the age of fifteen to eighteen.

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