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Presentation 3 grades body support and movement. Body support and movement


















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Purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of ​​the musculoskeletal system, its role in human life;

Tasks:

  • introduce the human skeleton and its main parts;
  • introduce the role of the skeleton and muscles;
  • form an idea of ​​a healthy lifestyle;
  • instill hygiene skills;
  • foster a sense of personal responsibility for your health.

Teacher equipment:

  • computer
  • media projector
  • Power Point presentation with slides
  • human skeleton model

Lesson progress

1. Organizational moment.

Goal: to create a working, psychologically comfortable environment in the classroom.

Good morning, girls, boys!
Have you all taken out your notebooks and books?
Did you forget your diary and pencil case?
Did you put everything neatly on your desk?
Let's work hard today,
Listen to each other very carefully
And SUCCESS will definitely come to us!!!

2. Checking homework.

Target: determine the degree of assimilation of previously studied material.

Frontal survey:

Let's remember what a big topic we study in our lessons about the world around us. (“We and our health”)

What exactly did they talk about in the last lesson? (“Reliable protection of the body”)

Name the human organ of touch. (Leather)

What is the significance of skin for a person? (Protects the internal parts of the human body from damage, from heat and cold, from pathogenic bacteria).

What role do sweat and fat play? (Sweat cools, fat makes the skin soft and elastic).

How should you care for your skin? (Wash, wipe dry, lubricate with cream).

Tell us what first aid is given for a small wound.

Tell us what first aid should be provided for a bruise.

Tell us how to help if a person has a burn or frostbite.

3. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Target: determine the topic and purpose of the lesson together with the students; aim each student at solving the educational tasks of the lesson;

You will find out what we will talk about today if you solve the crossword puzzle correctly. (slide 2)

1. Not a clock, but a ticking clock. (Heart)

2. An endless train that transports nutrients throughout the body. (Blood)

3. When full, he is silent, when hungry, he purrs. (Stomach)

4. Organ of vision. (Eye)

5. Human respiratory organs. (Lungs)

6. He talks and eats. (Mouth)

What word is in the highlighted line? ( Skeleton)

What do you think will be discussed in today's lesson, what will we study?

(Human skeleton)

What goals will we set for ourselves? (Find out what a skeleton is, what parts it consists of, why a person needs it, what sets the skeleton in motion, how the skeleton and our health are connected). (slide 3)

4. Studying new material.

Target: formation of new knowledge and skills.

We will find answers to these questions together.

Would you guys like to look inside the human body, that is, yourself?

Is it possible to do this? (X-ray)

We don’t have such devices in our classroom, but we have a pointer that today turns into a magic wand, and you can see the place I touch it on our interactive board, just like a doctor sees on an x-ray.

Look at the picture (slide 4).

What does it depict? (Skeleton)

What is he like? (Human Bones)

Tell what parts the human skeleton consists of.

Use words for reference: skull, spine, ribs, sternum, pelvic bones, arm bones, leg bones.

Now find all these parts on the skeleton model that is in front of us.

Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Skull (slide 5)

The hard bony shell of the skull protects the brain from damage. The bones of the skull are very hard. Archaeologists find skulls in the ground of people who died many thousands of years ago. All the other bones of their skeletons had long since decayed and turned to dust. And the skulls have survived to this day.

There is only one movable bone in the skull - the lower jaw.

Chest (slide 6)

The chest consists of twelve pairs of very strong but flexible ribs and the sternum. Children involved in sports have a chest circumference that is 6–8 cm larger than their peers who do not engage in sports.

Feel your ribs and sternum.

What organs do you think the chest protects?

Spine (slide 7)

The main support of the skeleton is the elastic, springy spine, which consists of individual vertebrae. Thanks to this structure of the spine, a person can bend in different directions, somersault, run, and swim.

The total number of vertebrae in humans is 33, but can range from 30 to 35. The spine ends in a small “tail”. It's called the coccyx.

There are 7 cervical vertebrae in humans and almost all animals, regardless of the length of the neck - for example, in a mouse or a giraffe. (slide 8)

Get up from your desk. Divide into pairs, feel each other's spine while bending forward, left, right, back.

Pelvic bones (slide 9)

The bones of the pelvis are called the pelvic girdle. It creates support for the internal organs. Let's think about what. (Stomach, liver, intestines, etc.)

Hand bones (slide 10)

These are the shoulder, forearm and hand bones. They provide strength and mobility to the hand.

Leg bones (slide 11)

These are the femur (the longest bone of the human skeleton), the lower leg and the bones of the foot. They provide strength and mobility to the leg.

There are more than 200 bones in the adult human skeleton. The bones are connected to each other. Where they do not move, for example in the skull, a fixed connection is formed between them. In movable organs, such as the arm, the bones are movably connected. This movable connection of bones is called a joint. (slide 12)

Bones do not move on their own; they are moved by muscles attached to them. (slide 13)

The name “muscle” comes from the Latin word “musculus”, which means “mouse”. Scientists, observing the contractions of skeletal muscles, noticed that they seemed to be running under the skin.

Feel the muscles of your arm when it flexes and extends and you will notice it.

Muscles give shape to our body. All muscles are attached to bones by tendons. At the command of the brain, the muscles contract and relax. Thanks to this, we can walk, run, swim, and do any physical work.

When muscles contract (work), they release heat, which warms our body.

Physical education minute.

Target: maintaining children's health.

Let's now give our muscles the command to get up from our desks.

And now we will give commands to our muscles, pronouncing the words of a physical education lesson that is well known to us:

Let's put our hands on the belt first,
We shake our shoulders left and right,
We can reach the heel with our little finger.
If you succeed, everything is in perfect order!!!

The skeleton and muscles form the human musculoskeletal system. (slide 14)

Human posture depends on the skeleton and muscles. (slide 15) Posture is the way we sit or stand. Good standing posture means that our shoulders are slightly back and our chest is out. When we sit, good posture means that our back is straight and our head is raised. Correct posture is not only beautiful, it is also good for health. If you teach yourself to stand up straight from childhood, then at an older age you will not be tormented by back pain. After all, poor posture leads to overstrain of the muscles and tendons that attach to the spine. This overexertion is what causes back pain. In addition, it is more difficult for a person with poor posture to breathe, and their heart and other internal organs work worse.

Why do you think?

Posture is developed in childhood. Children often spoil their own posture. You will understand how this happens by answering the following question:

Do you think a child can become a “young old man”? (slide 16)

Listen to the story of one such boy.

“Young old man”

I knew one lazy boy. When he walked along the corridor past my room, I could always guess who was coming, although the door was closed: he was the only one in the entire apartment, dragging his feet, like a decrepit old man.

And when he sat down to read a book, it was pathetic to look at him. He could not sit straight without bending for ten minutes. First, he will support his head with one hand, then with the other, and finally lie with his entire chest on the table. His back was so weak. Why?

Only because he didn't like to give his muscles work. The guys run off to work: shoveling snow in the yard in the winter, planting flowers in the spring, new trees in the fall, and every time he finds an excuse to evade. Even during physical education lessons, he always sat down on a bench against the wall - he supposedly had a runny nose last week and was not feeling well.

That's how he became a young old man. (According to A. Dorokhov)

Why did the boy become a young old man?

What needs to be done to prevent this from happening?

The next slide will tell us another rule of good posture. Let's see which of the children will have good posture and which will have bad posture. (slide 17)

Now let's try, using our textbook (pp. 135-136), to formulate the third rule that allows you to maintain good posture.

So, let's formulate all the rules of good posture. (slide 18)

5. Lesson Summary

Goal: communicating the result of achieving the lesson goals.

Guys, remember what goals we set for ourselves at the beginning of the lesson? (slide 3)

Have we learned what the human skeleton is?

What parts does it consist of?

What is the purpose of each of these parts and the entire skeleton?

What makes the skeleton move?

How are the skeleton and our health connected?

What should you do to have correct posture?

What will you tell us about today's lesson at home?

Will your behavior change after today's lesson? How?

6. Assessing student work.

Target: assessment of each student’s work, student self-assessment of his educational achievements.

Let's think about which of you tried especially hard when studying this topic?

Who was active in the lesson?

Are there guys who didn’t understand something? I ask them to come to me after writing down their homework.

House. exercise: pp. 134-136 retelling, pp. 60-61 workbook.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Lyceum No. 1 of Proletarsk, Rostov region

Item– the surrounding world

Class- 3rd grade

Textbook– A.A. Pleshakov “The world around us”

Lesson topic- “Body support and movement”

Proletarsk

2016


Subject: Body support and movement

Purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of ​​the musculoskeletal system, its role in human life.

Tasks:

    introduce the human skeleton and its main parts;

    introduce the role of the skeleton and muscles;

    form an idea of ​​a healthy lifestyle;

    instill hygiene skills;

    foster a sense of personal responsibility for your health

Equipment: A.A. Pleshakov textbook “The world around us”, grade 3, part 1, A.A. Pleshakov tests “The world around us” 3rd grade, presentation, document camera, skeleton model, rag doll for a puppet theater, task cards, puzzle made in the Jigs@w Puzzle 2 program, briefcase, backpack, three identical buckets of water.

Lesson progress

    Organizational beginning

The happy bell has rung!

The time for knowledge has come.

Are you ready for work?

Well, then let's start the lesson!

    Checking the material studied

Let's start the lesson with a riddle. You love solving them, right?

We are in it in winter and summer
Dressed from head to toe.
We can’t even rent it for the night,
Because it's... (Skin).

What do you know about skin?

Test p. 37(Teacher performs through Document Camera)

    Statement of educational tasks, problems

So, you learned the topic of the last lesson well. Today we will continue to study the human body. You will find out what we will talk about by completing the tasks in groups.

Task for group No. 1- solve the crossword puzzle and read the word from the highlighted line.

    The main organ of the circulatory system.

    A red light liquid that delivers oxygen, nutrients and removes harmful substances.

    The organ of the digestive system in which food is digested.

    The main organ of the respiratory system.

    An organ that cleanses the blood of harmful substances.

    Human body.

Task for group No. 2- connect the senses and write out the extra pair.

Task for group No. 3- solve the puzzle. (Posture)

Task for group No. 4- assemble the puzzle. (Human muscles)

Checking the progress of the work

Using the unraveled words, try to formulate the topic of our lesson.


What should we learn about in class? What to learn?

    Work on the topic of the lesson

Feel your head, chest, arms, legs. What do you feel under your skin? (Bones).

If there were no bones, the human body would resemble a shapeless gelatinous sac, a body like a jellyfish. (Show a rag doll for a puppet theater without support). Bones give the body shape and create support. (Put the doll on the stand).

What do human bones generally consist of? (Skeleton). (Show skeleton model)

There are more than 200 different bones in the skeleton. They are hard and durable. A piece of bone the size of a finger can support the weight of an elephant (that's about 9 tons) along with you and not break!

The main parts of the skeleton are the skull, spine, rib cage, pelvic bones, arm bones, leg bones. ( Show on skeleton model)

The bones are connected to each other. Where they do not move, for example, in the skull (except for the lower jaw), a fixed connection is formed between them. In movable organs, such as the arm, the bones are movably connected. Try to clasp your right fist with the fingers of your left hand and turn it in different directions. This is roughly how one bone connects to and moves with another to form a joint. And so that the bones do not become disconnected, they are tightly connected, like bandages, with flexible ligaments.

The skeleton is not only a support, but also a protection for internal organs.

What organs does the skull protect? spine? rib cage? (Students' answers)

It’s time for us to protect ourselves from overwork.

    Fizminutka

Let's spread our legs in the letter L.

As if dancing - hands at the side.

Lean left, right,

Left, right,

Left, right,

It turns out great!

Perform head turns, circular movements with your arms back and forth (perform)

VI. Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson

What do you think got you going now? (Muscles make the body move).

Bones do not move on their own; they are moved by muscles attached to them ( Show a model of the arm muscle)

The name “muscle” comes from the Latin word “musculus”, which means “little mouse”, “little mouse”.

Scientists, observing the contractions of skeletal muscles, noticed that they seemed to be running under the skin.

Feel the muscles of your arm when it flexes and extends and you will notice it.

Muscles can contract or relax. When a muscle contracts, it acts on the bone like a lever and causes the bone to move.

Animated poster "Shoulder Rotation"


There are 650 muscles in the human body. Muscles help us not only move and lift weights, but also sing, breathe, and laugh. Smile at each other. Now you have used an average of 17 muscles, from 5 to 53 muscles (depending on who smiled).

And who commands the muscles? ? (Brain)

So, the skeleton and muscles form musculoskeletal system.

What does this system provide? (It provides support and movement)

The student comes out and performs a “bridge”

Can everyone do this?

What do you need to do in order to complete this exercise? (Develop muscles).

- How can you develop muscles? (It is necessary to engage in physical education, sports, physical activity).

VII . Practical work to identify the causes of incorrect posture

Posture depends on the skeleton and muscles. A person with good, correct posture has a straight back, straightened shoulders, and a raised head. Such a person looks slim and handsome. But correct posture is not only beautiful, it is also good for health. If you teach yourself to stand up straight from childhood, then at an older age you will not be tormented by back pain. After all, poor posture leads to overstrain of the muscles and tendons that attach to the spine. This overexertion is what causes back pain. In addition, it is more difficult for a person with poor posture to breathe, and their heart and other internal organs work worse.

Why do you think?

Posture is developed in childhood. Children often spoil their own posture.

Let's conduct an experiment - when a person can harm his posture.

Call a couple of students one by one. The posture of a child who is carrying a briefcase in one hand and who has put a satchel on his back is compared. Then the posture of a child who carries a bucket in one hand, and who carries water in two hands. Conclusions are drawn.

VIII . Drawing up a memo. Working with the textbook.

- Read the article in the textbook. 135-136 and add the basic rules for maintaining correct posture.

What other rules can be added?

So that you do not forget about maintaining your posture, I give you a reminder “8 reasons to have correct posture.”

IX . Independent work Test p. 39-40. Sample check

X . Bottom line. Reflection

XI . Assessment

Who do you think was the most active in the lesson? Who would you like to highlight?

XII . Homework (optional)


I also recommend reading the magazine “Human Body” issue 3. In it you will find interesting facts about the structure and function of bones, you can conduct a home experiment, and also find out how and why bones break and how to prevent this.

Body support and movement

The skeleton and muscles form musculoskeletal system.

Skeleton
The body is supported by a bone "framework", the skeleton. It protects internal organs and serves as an attachment for muscles. For example, the bones of the head protect the brain, and the bones of the spine protect the spinal cord, which is located inside the spine. There are more than 200 bones in the human skeleton.
Muscles
They give shape to the body and allow us to move. There are about 650 muscles in the body, 200 of them are used when walking, 43 are used to wrinkle the forehead, 17 are used to smile. Muscles attach to bones and work by contracting, that is, shortening. When a muscle contracts, it moves the bone to which it is attached. Any movement - from running to chewing - depends on muscles.
Muscles are found throughout the body and vary in shape and size. The longest are in the thighs, the largest are in the buttocks, they are necessary for running and climbing; the smallest are in the ear.
Muscles make up approximately half of a person's body weight.

What makes up the musculoskeletal system? Fill out the chart.

Look at the pictures. Fill in the circle next to the picture that shows correct posture at your desk.


Write what a person looks like with correct posture.
A person with good, correct posture has a straight back, straightened shoulders, and a raised head. Such a person looks slim and handsome.

Look at the pictures. Think about what this behavior in children can lead to.

Based on the drawings, come up with and write down rules about how not to behave.
You can't hit him on the head or break limbs. You must not push or put on steps, especially as it is dangerous to do so on stairs. All of this can lead to serious injury.

Lesson type: combined

Target

— formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of a person’s place in it based on the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value-based understanding of personal experience of communicating with people and nature;

Problem:

What is the support of the human body?

Tasks:

introduce the musculoskeletal system and its role in the body; reveal the role of correct posture for human health.

Subject results

Learn to characterize the role of the skeleton and muscles in the life of the body; reveal the role of correct posture for human health, the role of physical education in maintaining muscle tone

Universal educational activities (UUD)

Regulatory: take into account the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the new educational material in collaboration with the teacher; plan your actions in accordance with the task and the conditions for its implementation.

Cognitive: reflection on methods and conditions of action, control and evaluation of the process and results of activities

Communicative: formulate your own opinion and position;

negotiate and come to a common decision in joint activities, including in situations of conflict of interests.

Personal results

Educational and cognitive interest in new educational material; setting for a healthy lifestyle.

Basic concepts and definitions

Musculoskeletal system. Posture

Preparing to learn new material

We will learn about the structure and functioning of the human musculoskeletal system. Let's learn to develop correct posture.

Complete the tasks: 1. Feel your head, chest, arms, legs. What do you feel under your skin?

1.Remember how to sit correctly. Do you always follow these rules?

Look at Figures 1 and 2. What do they show? What work do you think the skeleton and muscles do in the body?

Under the human skin there are bones and muscles. Bones make up the skeleton. Its importance is very great: it supports the body and also protects internal organs from damage.

We couldn't move if we didn't have muscles. Muscles are attached to bones. By contracting and relaxing, muscles move bones, and therefore our body. This happens at the command of the brain

Learning new material

The skeleton and muscles form musculoskeletal system. Its main role is to provide support and movement of the body.

Read the text. Use the information obtained to characterize the musculoskeletal system.

There are more than 200 bones in the adult human skeleton.

There are 650 muscles in the human body. 200 of them are used when walking, 43 - to wrinkle your forehead, 17 - to smile.

Posture

Depends on the skeleton and muscles posture person. A person with good, correct posture has a straight back, straightened shoulders, and raised head. Such a person looks slim and handsome. A person with poor posture looks completely different. In addition, it is more difficult for a person with poor posture to breathe, and their heart and other internal organs work worse.

Posture is developed in childhood.

Always sit straight, tilt your head slightly forward. The distance between the chest and the table should be equal to the width of the palm. Lean on the back of the chair. Place your hands freely on the table, do not lean on them. Place your feet on the floor with your entire foot. When you feel tired, change your position and do a few exercises while sitting or standing up.

When walking, stay straight and don't slouch. If you are carrying something heavy, distribute the load evenly in both hands. When this is not possible, carry it in one hand or the other. You should not sleep on a bed that sag too much. The bed should be smooth, not very soft.

Someone who has weak muscles will never have good posture. After all, it is the muscles that support the back, shoulders, and head. And the muscles will be strong for those who engage in physical labor and physical education. Guys whose posture is bad can correct it. For this you need to do physical therapy.

Comprehension and understanding of acquired knowledge

Read the text “Posture”. Find in it the rules for developing good posture. Do the exercises according to these rules

Let's discuss!

1.Look at the photographs. Is the girl sitting correctly? What seating rules did she break?

2.What muscles (torso, arms, legs) develop when running, swimming, playing ball?

Conclusion

The human skeleton and muscles form the musculoskeletal system. She provides
support and movement of the body. Human posture depends on the skeleton and muscles. To grow
practice correct posture, then you need to watch how you sit and walk, exercise
physical labor, physical education.

Independent application of knowledge

Test yourself

1.What parts does the human skeleton consist of? What significance does it have? 2. What is the importance of muscles for a person? How do they work?

3.Why is correct posture important? 4. How do you work on correct posture?

Homework assignments

1.Write in the dictionary: skeleton, muscles, musculoskeletal system, posture.

2. Remember how to develop correct posture, and follow these rules. Ask adults to monitor your posture. Don't be offended by comments.