Angina

Neurotropic antispasmodics for spasms of the calf muscles. What medications will help a child with abdominal pain?

(from Greek spasmos– cramp, spasm and lyticos- liberating, relieving) - drugs that weaken or completely eliminate spasms of the smooth muscles of internal organs and blood vessels.

Smooth (as opposed to striated) muscle, or muscle tissue, is widely found in the human body. It forms the muscular membranes of hollow internal organs, the walls of blood and lymphatic vessels, and is found in the skin, glands, and sensory organs (including the structure of the eyes). With its help, in particular, the contractile activity of the digestive tract is carried out and vascular tone is maintained. This type of muscle functionally belongs to involuntary muscles, that is, its work is controlled mainly by the autonomic nervous system. This is its main difference from voluntary muscles, consisting of striated muscle tissue and forming the muscles of the head, neck, torso and limbs. Voluntary muscles are under the control of the central nervous system and are responsible for movement, maintaining balance, and maintaining posture. Thanks to it, a person can also chew, swallow, and speak.

Antispasmodics relax the smooth muscles of internal organs and reduce vascular tone.

Since the activity of these muscles is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, it is easy to assume that many drugs that affect the conduction of impulses in this system will have antispasmodic properties. Such antispasmodics are classified as neurotropic. We have already discussed their properties in detail in Chapter 3.2. We can only emphasize once again that many anticholinergics, adrenomimetics and adrenergic blockers cause relaxation of smooth muscles, which determines their vasodilator, bronchodilator, and, as a consequence, analgesic and other properties. This effect is associated with a decrease in the spastic influence of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and is realized through the corresponding receptors of nerve cells.

Myotropic antispasmodics, unlike neurotropic ones, have a direct rather than indirect effect on smooth muscle cells, changing the ionic balance in the cell membrane. As a result, complex biochemical reactions are triggered, leading to a decrease in the contractile activity of cells. The muscle relaxes, which means the tone of the blood vessel decreases, spasm is relieved, and, for example, the bile ducts and ureters expand.

The main representatives of myotropic antispasmodics are drotaverine , papaverine , bencyclane , bendazole and others. They are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and other conditions when it is necessary to obtain a vasodilating effect or relieve spasm of the smooth muscles of internal organs (hypertonicity, various colics, and so on).

Individual drugs of this pharmacological group are given below; the most complete information about them can be found on the website.

[Trade name(composition or characteristics) pharmacological action dosage forms firm]

Barboval(menthol + methyl isovalerate + phenobarbital + ethyl bromoisovalerate) hypotensive, antispasmodic, sedative drops for oral administration Farmak(Ukraine)

Bebinos(coriander extract + chamomile extract + fennel extract) carminative, antispasmodic drops for oral administration for children. Dentinox(Germany)

Vero-drotaverine(drotaverine) antispasmodic, myotropic, hypotensive table Veropharm(Russia), manufactured by: Veropharm (Belgorod branch) (Russia)

Galidor(bencyclane) vasodilator, antispasmodic solution d/in.; table Egis(Hungary)

Dicetel(pinaverium bromide) antispasmodic, myotropic table p.o. Beaufour Ipsen International(France)

Driptan(oxybutynin) antispasmodic, myotropic table Beaufour Ipsen International(France), manufactured by: Laboratoires Fournier (France)

Duspatalin(mebeverine) myotropic, antispasmodic caps.retard Solvay Pharmaceuticals(Germany), manufactured by: Solvay Pharmaceuticals (Netherlands)

Klosterfrau MELISANA(herbal product) adaptogenic, sedative, hypnotic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vegetotropic elixir M.C.M. KLOSTERFRAU(Germany)

Krategus(hawthorn fruit extract) cardiotonic, antispasmodic, sedative tincture Bryntsalov-A(Russia), made: Ferein-1 (Russia)

Nikoshpan(drotaverine + nicotinic acid) vasodilator, hypolipidemic table Sanofi-Synthelabo(France)

No-shpa(drotaverine) antispasmodic solution d/in.; table Sanofi-Synthelabo(France)

No-shpa forte(drotaverine) antispasmodic solution d/in.; table Sanofi-Synthelabo(France)

Novigan(ibuprofen + pitofenone + fenpiverinium bromide) anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic table p.o. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories(India)

Novitropan(oxybutynin) antispasmodic table CTS Chemical Industries Ltd.(Israel)

NOSH-BRA(drotaverine) antispasmodic solution d/in.; table Bryntsalov-A(Russia)

Muscle spasm can be either an independent phenomenon or a symptom of a disease. Anti-muscle spasm medications help relieve tension in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle in the digestive tract, and relieve neurotransmitter-induced dystonia.

Causes of the disease

Cramps, pain, dizziness, nausea, tachycardia are symptoms of muscle spasm. This painful condition can be caused by a number of reasons:

stress, overwork;
osteochondrosis of the cervical and other parts of the spine;
structural features of the spinal column;
pregnancy;
response to pain;
intense sports activities;
vitamin deficiency, lack of micro- and macroelements;
dehydration;
hypocarbohydrate diets.

Drug relief of symptoms

A symptom that is associated with certain diseases. Various drugs are used in medicine to treat it.

Use of muscle relaxants

They relieve tension from skeletal muscles and help slow down the conduction of nerve impulses:

Mydocalm (tolperisone) is prescribed for osteochondrosis, arthrosis, sclerosis, after surgical interventions, for myalgia and to remove spasms; helps slow down the conduction of nerve impulses, thereby relieving muscle pain, cramps, tension, and dizziness.
Sirdalud (tinadizine) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant: it is capable of not only relieving muscle spasms, but also has a pronounced analgesic effect.
Baclofen is a muscle relaxant that has virtually no effect on neuromuscular tension and does not cause such weakness as Mydocalm and Sirdalud.
Sibazon is a drug that has a pronounced calming effect on the central nervous system, it is classified as a tranquilizer, a benzodiazepine derivative, but it also has muscle relaxant properties: it is used for complex injuries, arthrosis, and myositis.

Use of antispasmodics

Antispasmodic drugs (No-spa, Papaverine, Mebeverine), which remove spasms from the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatic and renal colic.

NSAIDs and sedatives

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The following list of drugs is used in pharmacy:

Xefocam (lornoxicam);
Celebrex (celecoxib);
Nise, Nimesil (nimesulide);
Movalis, Movasin (meloxicam).

NSAID drugs block the enzymes COX1 and COX2, which are responsible for the production of inflammatory mediators. Due to this, they relieve inflammation, spasm, reduce pain and swelling.

On the pharmaceutical market, drugs in this group are represented by a wide range: Ibuprofen, Ketonal, Piroxicam, Indomethacin, Diclofenac. But they are used less frequently, as they are aggressive towards the gastrointestinal tract.

Sedatives promote relaxation, relieve nervous tension and reduce the conduction of nerve impulses along the fibers. They are divided into the following groups:

plant origin (Novo-passit, Persen);
chemical nature (Afobazole);
combined (Corvalol, Valoserdin, Valemidin).

Vitamins, micro- and macroelements help normalize blood circulation, hematopoiesis, improve tissue trophism, and maintain water-electrolyte balance. The following drugs are used in neurology:

Group B vitamins (Kombilipen, Milgamma, Neuromultivit) in injections and tablets: improve blood circulation, hematopoiesis, impulse transmission along nerve fibers.
Magnesium preparations (Magnelis B6, Magne B6, Magnerot, Magnesium Plus) are necessarily used to relieve muscle spasms: they relieve cramps, muscle spasms, improve myocardial contractility, improve mood and performance, and relieve flatulence (bloating).
Multivitamins (Supradin, Multi-tabs, Centrum, Complivit, Vitrum) improve the body's metabolic processes.

Special instructions

For the treatment of neuralgia, osteochondrosis and other neurological diseases, a complex of the above drugs is used, but they all have contraindications and side effects:

Muscle relaxants cause bradycardia and a decrease in blood pressure, dizziness, and reduce the speed of reactions. Therefore, they are prescribed with caution for work that requires increased attention, or prescribed at night.
Antispasmodics can cause a decrease in blood pressure. Hypotension and bradycardia are absolute contraindications for use.
NSAIDs have an ulcerogenic effect on the gastrointestinal tract. They are prescribed with caution for gastrointestinal diseases. NSAIDs must be taken after meals, preferably with milk.

Features of prescribing drugs for the treatment of muscle spasms

For mild pain, local medications are prescribed in the form of ointments (Nurofen, Nise, Ketonal, Voltaren), or patches (Nanoplast, Voltaren, Dorsaplast, Versatis)
For osteochondrosis, muscle relaxants are prescribed in combination with NSAIDs and vitamins.
For pain that is not relieved by oral and local medications, injections of muscle relaxants, NSAIDs and vitamins are used. Drug provocation leads to pain relief.
Often muscle spasms require the prescription of drugs that help normalize blood circulation (Actovegin, Cerebrolysin, Cavinton).

Conclusion

Muscle spasms can be sporadic, especially after physical exertion. Then it is enough to take an analgesic or NSAID, and the problem is solved. But often muscle spasm is a symptom of a disease. Then complex therapy is required.

How to relieve pain in this case must be decided by a neurologist. And after relieving acute pain, it is necessary to undergo a course of massage and physical therapy. To prevent muscle spasms from recurring, you need a proper, balanced diet and physical activity.

Abdominal pain in a child is a fairly common problem at any age. The modern rhythm of life, unhealthy diet, and lack of adequate physical activity contribute to the development of gastrointestinal diseases in children. The main way to help a child in this situation is to use medications prescribed by a doctor.

The main causes of abdominal pain in a child

Among children in each age group, different mechanisms of pain in the abdomen predominate.

A peculiarity of the digestion of newborn children is the immaturity of enzymes - the main proteins for the breakdown of nutrients. In addition, at this age, the formation of intestinal microflora from beneficial bacteria that help digest food occurs. In this regard, a common problem that causes abdominal pain in infants is increased gas production.

At an early age (1–3 years), children need a special diet due to the immaturity of enzymes. The consequence of a violation of the diet is constipation or loose stools, accompanied by spastic contractions of the intestinal muscles. Spasms of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract wall lead, in turn, to pain in the abdomen.

In school and adolescence, diseases of the pancreas and gall bladder are common, which negatively affect the digestive process and lead to abdominal pain. Infection of the body with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the main factor in the development of the inflammatory and ulcerative process in the stomach, which can also be accompanied by the development of painful sensations. Increased acidity of gastric juice is also a cause of abdominal pain.

In children of all age groups, abdominal pain can be caused by indigestion associated with the death of normal intestinal microflora after taking antibiotics or eating poor-quality foods.

Photo gallery of reasons

Spasms of the intestinal muscles are the cause of cramping abdominal pain. Dysbacteriosis is the main cause of abdominal pain in a child after taking antibiotics. Enzyme deficiency is the main cause of abdominal pain in young children. Flatulence is one of the main causes of abdominal pain in newborns and young children. Increased acidity. gastric juice is the main cause of abdominal pain in older children. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastritis and ulcers.

Mechanism of action of drugs used for abdominal pain

Pharmacological drugs used to eliminate painful sensations in the abdomen in children are divided into a number of groups according to the nature of their action.

Painkillers

The action of this group of drugs is based on their ability to block the transmission of pain signals from the pathological focus along the nerves to the brain. These drugs also have an anti-inflammatory effect due to blocking the chain of biochemical transformations triggered by the influence of a damaging agent.

Antispasmodics

The muscles of the gastrointestinal tract make up the middle layer of the wall of the stomach, intestines and gallbladder. A special anatomical structure allows them to move food along the digestive canal. Pathological muscle contraction (spasm) occurs under the influence of increased calcium content in them. Antispasmodics block the flow of calcium into muscle fiber cells, relieving spasm.

Antacids

The main component that determines the acidity of gastric juice is hydrochloric acid. Normally, it is produced by specific cells of the stomach wall (lining cells) in quantities sufficient to create an acidity level of one and a half to two units. With an increase in acidity, gastric juice corrodes the gastric mucosa, leading to the appearance of its defects - erosions and ulcers. Antacid drugs block the production of hydrochloric acid in the parietal cells, thereby eliminating its pathological effect on the stomach wall.

Anti-Helicobacter

Helicobacter pylori is a microbe that lives in the stomach and calmly tolerates its extremely acidic environment. Currently, this bacterium is a proven cause of inflammation of the gastric mucosa (gastritis) and peptic ulcers. Anti-Helicobacter drugs disrupt the life processes of the microbe and lead to its death.

Enzyme preparations

Food enters the digestive tract, as a rule, in the form of complex chemical compounds: proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In order for nutrients to be absorbed from the lumen of the stomach or intestines into the blood, the body needs to break down complex compounds into simpler components. This process occurs under the influence of digestive juices: gastric, pancreatic and bile. Each of them contains specific protein substances - enzymes. These chemical compounds are necessary to accelerate the processes of breakdown and absorption. Lack of enzymes leads to digestive disorders. Enzyme preparations contain these chemical compounds in the required quantity.

Sorbents

Very often, food poisoning from low-quality products leads to flooding of the digestive tract with harmful substances - toxins that cause vomiting, loose stools (diarrhea) and increased gas formation (flatulence). Sorbents are special substances that capture all harmful chemical compounds on their surface and remove them from the body.

Probiotics

The process of digesting food requires the active participation of beneficial bacteria found in the intestines. Most of the microflora of the digestive tract belongs to the genus Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus. Probiotics contain live beneficial microorganisms.

Prebiotics

To colonize the gastrointestinal tract with beneficial bacteria, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for the microflora. To solve this problem, there are prebiotics - special substances designed to become a “home” for beneficial bacteria.

Video: Basic clinical aspects of abdominal pain in a child

Forms of release of medicinal products

The active medicinal substance can be produced by the manufacturer in various forms. For ease of use, the following forms of drug release are available:

Tablets are a solid dosage form. The drug, as a rule, additionally contains excipients necessary to obtain a single structure convenient for oral use. These include the following chemical compounds: talc, corn starch, xylitol, sorbitol and many others.
Capsules also belong to solid forms of release. In addition to the excipients described above, these drugs contain a coating shell, due to which the active substance is released in a certain area of the gastrointestinal tract.
Injection solutions in ampoules are liquid dosage forms. In addition to the active substance, the drug usually contains Sodium Chloride or distilled water as a solvent.
A suspension is a suspension of small solid particles of the active substance in a liquid. The latter in dosage forms contains distilled water, ethyl alcohol, glycerin, and vegetable oils. Suspensions are usually used orally, less often intramuscularly.
Gel is a mild form of drug release. The combination of active substance and solvent in a minimal amount provides a viscous, elastic consistency. Vaseline oil, lanolin, ethyl alcohol, and glycerin are used as forming substances.
Syrup refers to liquid dosage forms. An excipient in the form of a sugar solution and vegetable oils is usually added to the active agent.
Powder refers to solid dosage forms. The active and excipients are free-flowing in nature. Magnesium carbonate and sodium alginate are used as auxiliary powder.
Suppositories are a dosage form intended for administration inside an organ. Rectal suppositories are used to treat constipation. The dosage form is administered through the anus into the lumen of the rectum. Rectal suppositories contain cocoa butter and medical glycerin as a formative substance.
Microenema is a liquid dosage form with which the active substance is delivered directly into the lumen of the rectum in a certain dosage. As an auxiliary component, the drug contains medical glycerin and purified water.
Drops are a liquid dosage form. It is based on the above-mentioned suspension. A distinctive feature of these drugs is the drip dosing method.
Emulsion is a dosage form, the main component of which is plant essential oil, distributed in the form of individual particles in purified water.

Photo gallery of types of drugs

Tablets - the easiest dosage form to use Powder - a form of release of probiotics and prebiotics The medicinal substance from capsules is released and acts in the intestines Injection solution is suitable for severe nausea and vomiting Suspension - an effective form of release of antacid drugs Gel - a modern form of release of sorbents Syrup - a convenient medication form for use in children

Indications for use

Medicines are prescribed by a pediatric gastroenterologist for the following diseases of the digestive tract that cause pain in the abdomen:

inflammatory process in the stomach (gastritis);
inflammatory process in the intestines (enteritis, colitis);
inflammatory process in the pancreas (pancreatitis);
inflammatory process in the gallbladder (cholecystitis);
erosive and ulcerative damage to the wall of the stomach and intestines;
digestive disorders (dyspepsia);
food poisoning;
colonization of the intestines with pathological microflora (dysbacteriosis);
insufficient amount of enzymes in digestive juices (gastric, intestinal, pancreatic, bile).

Contraindications to taking medications and undesirable effects

There are quite a few contraindications to the prescription of certain medications to eliminate painful sensations in the abdomen in children:

For all medications without exception, a contraindication is individual intolerance to its various components.
Antispasmodic drugs should not be used if blood pressure is low (hypotension). These substances relax not only the muscles of the stomach and intestines, but also the walls of blood vessels;
Painkillers should be used only as prescribed by a doctor. The effect of these drugs significantly changes the symptoms of serious diseases of the stomach and intestines that require immediate medical attention: appendicitis, perforation of stomach and duodenal ulcers, intestinal obstruction, internal bleeding.
Painkillers in tablet form cannot be used for erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum, since their negative effect on the mucous membrane can aggravate the course of the pathological process.
Drugs that promote the separation of bile are not used in cases of proven presence of stones in the gall bladder and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum.

In addition to the above undesirable effects, each drug has side effects that are not directly related to the mechanism of its effect on the body. Similar effects include:

headache;
drowsiness;
nausea and vomiting;
stomach ache;
skin itching.

Side effects from taking medications are very rare and are caused by the individual reaction of the body.

Many medications are prescribed only after reaching a certain age.

Methods of application

Most medications for abdominal pain in children are used exclusively orally: sorbents, antacids, enzymes, anti-Helicobacter drugs, probiotics, prebiotics. Painkillers and antispasmodics can be used orally or by injection, depending on the form of release.

After eating, painkillers, enzymes, and antispasmodics are usually taken. Antacids are used before meals for fifteen to twenty minutes, which are necessary to create a medicinal film that protects the mucous membrane. Anti-Helicobacter drugs and sorbents are also used before meals.

Liquid antacids and any other medications should not be taken orally at the same time, since the absorption of the latter into the bloodstream from the lumen of the stomach or intestines is significantly reduced.

Combinations of drugs for the treatment of abdominal pain in a child

To treat abdominal pain in children, depending on the cause of its occurrence, combinations of several pharmacological drugs are usually used.

Pharmacological treatment of abdominal pain caused by inflammation in the stomach

Pills

Drug name	Active ingredient	Release form	Indications	Contraindications		Price
Algedrat Magnesium hydroxide	Gastritis	Alzheimer's disease Renal dysfunction	12 years old	From 142 rubles
Algedrat Magnesium hydroxide	Chewable tablets	Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum Gastritis	Alzheimer's disease Renal dysfunction	15 years	From 238 rubles
Ranitidine	Ranitidine	Pills	Gastritis Peptic ulcer Esophagitis	Individual intolerance	12 years old	From 8 rubles

Photo gallery of drugs for the treatment of abdominal pain in children with gastritis

Almagel - an antacid drug for children Maalox - a modern drug to protect the stomach wall from the damaging effects of gastric juice Gaviscon - an effective antacid drug

Pharmacological treatment of abdominal pain in children with ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum

Treatment of peptic ulcer is carried out according to standard regimens, including several drugs. The main goal of therapy is to eliminate the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which damages the wall of the stomach and duodenum. Currently, drug combinations are constantly being improved to minimize side effects.

Pharmacological treatment of abdominal pain in a child caused by cholecystitis

Drug name	Active ingredient	Release form	Indications	Contraindications	Permissible age for prescribing the drug	Price
Activated carbon Bile Stinging nettle leaves Garlic bulbs	Pills	Chronic hepatitis Cholangitis Cholecystitis	Obstructive jaundice Acute hepatitis Peptic ulcer	7 years	From 11 rubles
Solution for injection Pills	Peptic ulcer Cholecystitis Pancreatitis	Glaucoma	2 years	From 14 rubles
Metamizole sodium Pitophenone hydrochloride Phenpiverinium bromide	Pills Solution for injection		Hemophilia Kidney failure Tachyarrhythmia	5 years	From 91 rubles
Papaverine hydrochloride	Solution for injection Rectal suppositories Pills	Cholecystitis Colitis Pylorospasm	Glaucoma Heart block Renal dysfunction	6 months	From 29 rubles

Photo gallery of drugs for the treatment of painful sensations in the abdomen in children caused by cholecystitis

The drug Allohol is used for choleretic purposes. Drotaverine has a pronounced antispasmodic effect. The drug Spazgan is an effective analgesic. The drug papaverine is an effective antispasmodic.

Pharmacological treatment of abdominal pain in children caused by pancreatitis

Pills

Rectal suppositories

Drug name	Active ingredient	Release form	Indications	Contraindications	Permissible age for prescribing the drug	Price
Metamizole sodium	Solution for injection Pills Rectal suppositories	Pain syndrome of various types	Bronchial asthma Blood diseases Kidney failure Liver failure	0 months	From 10 rubles
Metamizole sodium	Solution for injection Pills	Pain syndrome of various types	Bronchial asthma Blood diseases Kidney failure Liver failure	0 months	From 196 rubles
Diclofenac	Diclofenac sodium	Pills Solution for injection Rectal suppositories	Pain syndrome of various types	Bronchial asthma Peptic ulcer Blood diseases	6 years	From 14 rubles
Ibuprofen	Ibuprofen	Pain syndrome of various types	Bronchial asthma Peptic ulcer Blood diseases Amblyopia	6 years	From 17 rubles
Solution for injection Pills	Peptic ulcer Cholecystitis Pancreatitis	Glaucoma	6 years	From 52 rubles
Nurofen	Ibuprofen	Pills effervescent tablets	Pain syndrome of various types	Bronchial asthma Peptic ulcer Blood diseases Amblyopia	6 years	From 83 rubles
Dragee Granules Pills	Chronic pancreatitis Cholecystitis Cystic fibrosis	Acute pancreatitis	0 months	From 16 rubles
Spasmalgon	Metamizole sodium Pitophenone hydrochloride Phenpiverinium bromide	Pills Solution for injection	Pain syndrome of various types	Peptic ulcer Crohn's disease Hemophilia Kidney failure Tachyarrhythmia	0 months for solution 5 years for tablets	From 102 rubles

Photo gallery of drugs for eliminating painful sensations in the abdomen in children with pancreatitis

The drug Analgin is the most popular pain reliever The drug Baralgin effectively relieves pain The drug No-shpa is the main remedy for the treatment of pancreatitis

Medicines to relieve abdominal pain caused by overeating

Drug name	Active ingredient	Release form	Indications	Contraindications	Permissible age for prescribing the drug	Price
Hydrotalcite Magnesium hydroxide	Lozenges	Heartburn Gastritis Peptic ulcer	Kidney failure Alzheimer's disease Hypophosphatemia	6 years	From 134 rubles
Pills	Chronic pancreatitis Cholecystitis Cystic fibrosis	Acute pancreatitis Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis	3 years	From 72 rubles
Dragee	Chronic pancreatitis Cholecystitis Cystic fibrosis	Acute pancreatitis Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis	3 years	From 125 rubles

Photo gallery of enzyme aids for child digestion

The drug Pancreatin contains all the main digestive enzymes
The drug Gastal is a modern enzyme remedy. The drug Mezim contains the main digestive enzymes in optimal quantities. The drug Festal is a powerful aid to digestion.

Pharmacological treatment of abdominal pain in a child caused by food poisoning

Pills
suspension
paste

Drug name	Active ingredient	Release form	Indications	Contraindications	Permissible age for prescribing the drug	Price
Activated carbon	Activated carbon	Dyspepsia Diarrhea Acute poisoning	Peptic ulcer	0 months	From 4 rubles
Paracetamol	Paracetamol	Solution for injection Pills Rectal suppositories	Pain syndrome of various types	Peptic ulcer Crohn's disease Hemophilia Kidney failure	0 months	From 3 rubles
Polysorb	Silicon dioxide colloidal	Acute intestinal infections Acute poisoning	Peptic ulcer	0 months	From 9 rubles
Smecta	Dioctahedral smectite	Acute intestinal infections Acute poisoning	Intestinal obstruction	0 months	From 140 rubles
Enterosgel	Polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate	Acute intestinal infections Acute poisoning	Intestinal atony	0 months	From 352 rubles
Espumisan	Simethicone	Intestinal obstruction	0 months	From 236 rubles
Motilium	Domperidone	Pills	Dyspepsia	Intestinal obstruction	5 years for tablets	From 367 rubles
Enterofuril	Nifuroxazide	Dyspepsia	Intestinal obstruction	1 month for suspension, 3 years for capsules	From 269 rubles

Photo gallery of modern sorbents for the treatment of painful sensations in the abdomen in children

Drugs to eliminate abdominal pain in children caused by dysbacteriosis

suspension

Drug name	Active ingredient	Release form	Indications	Contraindications	Permissible age for prescribing the drug	Price
Acipol	Lactobacillus acidophilus Kefir fungi	Acute intestinal infections		3 months	From 325 rubles
Bifidumbacterin	Bifidobacterium bifidum	Acute intestinal infections Long-term antibacterial therapy	Intolerance to the drug components	0 months	From 137 rubles
Bifidobacteria Streptococcus thermophilus	Oil solution	Acute intestinal infections Long-term antibacterial therapy	Intolerance to the drug components	0 months	From 496 rubles
Yogulact	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Constipation Long-term antibiotic therapy	Intolerance to the drug components	3 months	From 201 rubles
Lactobacterin	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Pills	Intolerance to the drug components	0 months	From 178 rubles
Lactobacillus acidophilus Streptococcus thermophilus Bifidobacteria	Set	Intolerance to the drug components	0 months	From 300 rubles
Linux	Acidophilus bacteria Bifidobacteria	Intolerance to the drug components	0 months	From 245 rubles
Hilak forte	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Drops for oral administration	Intolerance to the drug components	0 months	From 240 rubles
Enterogermina	Bacillus clausii spores	Intolerance to the drug components	6 years for capsules 28 days for suspension	From 635 rubles
lyophilized Saccharomyces boulardii	Intolerance to the drug components	1 year	From 259 rubles
Normobakt	Acidophilus bacteria Bifidobacteria	Intolerance to the drug components	0 months	From 412 rubles

Photo gallery of drugs for the treatment of painful sensations in the abdomen in a child caused by dysbiosis

The drug Bifiform baby is used from the first days of life
The drug Liveo Baby is available in a convenient drop form. The drug Rela Life is used from the first days of life. The drug Enterol effectively restores the beneficial intestinal microflora.

Folk remedies

To treat pathological processes in the gastrointestinal tract that lead to the development of abdominal pain in a child, various folk remedies are used. With the permission of a gastroenterologist, the following remedies from the arsenal of traditional medicine are used:

Burdock. Fresh plant root is used as raw material. The raw materials must be crushed and half a liter of boiling water added to it. The infusion process continues for twelve hours. Use the product in the amount of half a glass four times a day.
St. John's wort. Dry raw materials (grass) in the amount of 15 grams are poured into one glass of boiling water and infused for eight hours. Then the infusion must be filtered and the volume brought to a glass with boiled water. Take 2 tablespoons three times a day. The duration of treatment is two weeks.
Mumiyo. Two grams of dry raw materials must be crushed and mixed with half a glass of boiled water. The resulting product is used 1 teaspoon in the morning before meals. Duration of treatment is 10 days.

Action of antispasmodics

Smooth muscle spasms are a fairly common occurrence, so the issues of eliminating them are very relevant. Antispasmodics are taken first when it comes to the need to eliminate abdominal pain that varies in intensity. They are recommended for functional dyspepsia, for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in its various manifestations. They are widely used for exacerbations of peptic ulcers, as well as for the development of exacerbations of cholelithiasis. Antispasmodics are used to treat spasms of the bronchial muscles, they help stimulate cardiac activity, and they are also used to treat angina pectoris.

The effect of using antispasmodics is achieved due to their intervention in the process of muscle contractions. Thanks to the action of antispasmodics, pain relief begins. This happens due to the direct effect of the drugs on muscle cells. Nerve impulses that travel to the muscles are blocked.

Types of antispasmodics

In pharmaceutical science, the following main groups of antispasmodic drugs are distinguished:

neurotropic antispasmodics, the action of which is aimed directly at the human nervous system. They can act both on the periphery of the human body and specifically on certain organs and areas of the body;
myotropic antispasmodics, acting directly on muscle groups of the human body;
complex antispasmodics, their action is aimed at nerve endings and smooth muscle cells;
neuromyotropic antispasmodics, combining the effect of the use of myotropic and neurotropic drugs.

Myotropic antispasmodics

This type of antispasmodic is designed to relieve spasms of the smooth muscles of the body. This mainly happens with eating disorders, menstruation in women, as well as certain diseases of the stomach and intestines. Antispasmodics of this type relax the muscles of problem areas of the body, thereby helping to stop unpleasant, painful sensations.

When myotropic antispasmodics act on the muscles of the body, a change in the course of internal biochemical processes occurs. The drugs described are based on certain medications: papaverine, nitroglycerin, drotaverine.

Antispasmodic drug Papaverine is the most common antispasmodic in this group. It can provide a decrease in muscle tone over a short period of time and qualitatively relaxes the smooth muscles of the internal organs. When taken regularly, the internal conduction of the heart slows down. The excitability of the heart decreases and this fact helps to achieve the effect of inhibiting cardiac activity. In addition, this drug is widely used in the development of spasms of organs located in the peritoneum, and has a beneficial effect on the bronchi and blood vessels of the brain.

Neurotropic antispasmodics

Antispasmodics of this type are divided into two main groups according to the principle of their effect.

The first group includes the most common neurotropic antispasmodics. These are Scopolamine, Hyoscyamine, Platyphylline, and Atrophine sulfate. The drugs have a strong effect on receptors that are directly involved in conducting nerve impulses through the vessels located in the brain. The result is a decrease in the activity of the endocrine glands. There is an increase in the total volume of hydrochloric acid released in the human body, and the heart rate and intraocular pressure increase.

The basis of the second group of neurotropic antispasmodics is Hyoscine butyl bromide. Its action is in many ways more selective. The drug is not intended to penetrate into the brain, and it does not have any effect on other organs. Its main task is to influence receptors that are directly related to the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary and excretory systems. This drug has gained wide popularity in Western European countries. In the territories of the post-Soviet space, it gained fame under the names Spanil and Buscopan.

Neuromyotropic antispasmodics

Neuromyotropic antispasmodics combine the properties of both myotropic and neurotropic drugs. In this case, the combined effect is mainly exerted by one substance, in particular kamilofin, but to achieve a high-quality effect, a combination of several components is required.
- complex antispasmodics

Complex antispasmodics combine several active substances. The result of their use is complex. One tablet taken can not only relieve pain, but also neutralize the cause of its occurrence. Complex antispasmodics, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, can not only relieve pain, but also relax muscles, eliminate fever and the development of the inflammatory process.

Antispasmodics: list of drugs

The pharmaceutical industry produces antispasmodic drugs in various designs. The following types are distinguished:

Antispasmodic tablets

The most famous drug in this group is Papaverine. Available in tablets of 0.04 grams, in a variety of packages. Indicated for use for spasms of the smooth muscles of the body, for spasms of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity, bronchi, as well as the vessels of the heart and vessels located on the periphery of the brain. Effective in the development of renal failure.

The drug is characterized by a pronounced hypotensive effect. When used in large quantities, the drug can reduce the level of excitability of the heart muscle, as well as reduce intracardiac conduction. The effect of the drug on the central nervous system is not so clearly expressed. The tablets are completely safe when taken by pregnant women and are not addictive.

Possible side effects from using the drug include drowsiness, allergic reactions, and possible constipation.

Antispasmodic injections (in ampoules)

The most famous antispasmodic agent, which is produced in ampoules, is spasmalgon. Its use is prescribed by the doctor’s decision; it is not recommended to take the drug at your own peril and risk. It is recommended for use for stomach colic, pain in the pelvic organs, as well as for other subtle spasms of the smooth muscles of internal organs.

As a result of intramuscular administration of the drug, rapid absorption of its active components occurs from the injection site. The binding rate to blood proteins does not exceed 60%.

Antispasmodic suppositories

Among antispasmodic suppositories, Panaverin rectal suppositories have gained the greatest popularity. At room temperature, the suppositories are in a solid state; after they are inserted into the rectum, they melt and are easily absorbed into the mucous membrane of the internal organs, thereby providing a local and general therapeutic effect.

Such drugs have many advantages compared to other medications. Rectal antispasmodic suppositories are effective in cases where emergency medical care is required, since the effect after their use occurs much faster compared to the use of tablets. They are not inferior in speed to intravenous injections, but do not violate the integrity of the skin areas. Rectal antispasmodic suppositories are distinguished by their duration of action, since the release of their active component occurs gradually and smoothly.

Do not use force when inserting a suppository. The muscles of the body must be relaxed, otherwise injury to the mucous membrane may occur. To facilitate insertion of the candle, it is recommended to lubricate its tip with baby cream or Vaseline.

Antispasmodic herbs

The use of antispasmodic herbs ensures relaxation of the body muscles and thereby eliminates the resulting spasms. Herbs are recommended for use in a variety of diseases that occur against the background of smooth muscle contraction. Among the most famous and effective antispasmodic herbs, the following should be highlighted: medicinal valerian, cat's foot, angelica, cloudberry, white cherry, and eyebright.

Use of antispasmodics

Antispasmodics are widely used in medicine in the treatment of various diseases. The drugs are indicated for use in both adults and children.

Antispasmodics during pregnancy

If you follow a strict definition, antispasmodic drugs are not classified as pain relief drugs. They are able to relieve tension in smooth muscles and various parts of the body’s muscles, while eliminating pain syndromes. In particular, they are able to significantly dilate blood vessels, which enhances cerebral circulation and relieves headaches. However, this only occurs in cases where the migraine is caused by vascular spasms. It is for these reasons that during pregnancy it is forbidden to take many painkillers, in any case, their use is not recommended. As for antispasmodics during pregnancy, they do not have such contraindications. Drugs such as No-Shpa, Riabal and Papaverine are of great benefit in relieving pain during pregnancy.

Antispasmodics for children

The specifics of taking an antispasmodic drug for children individually are indicated by each manufacturer of such products on the packaging of the product itself. In particular, some varieties of drotaverine are not recommended for use by children under two years of age. Other forms of the same drug are allowed to be taken by children under six years of age, while the daily intake rate during the day ranges from 40 to 120 mg; for children older than this age, the intake rate is considered to be from 80 to 220 mg. A drug such as Hyoscine butyl bromide is completely prohibited for use by children under the age of 8 years. It is not recommended to take a drug such as Pinaveria bromide before reaching adulthood. It is best to give children antispasmodic drugs of natural origin when such a need arises. These are infusions, decoctions, and remedies using the roots and fruits of medicinal plants. Children can take them for various diseases that occur with convulsions and spasms.

Antispasmodics for children of the year

Children under the age of one year should be given antispasmodics in strictly dosage and only as prescribed by the attending physician. There are only a few drugs that can be given to infants. In limited quantities, Priphinia bromide qualitatively eliminates muscle spasms and relieves pain. For a child under three months of age, it is recommended to use it in the form of a syrup orally, one milliliter every eight hours. Children aged from three months to six months are recommended to take two milliliters once every eight hours; for children aged from six months to a year, the dose and frequency of taking the drug do not increase. Children under one year of age are recommended to take antispasmodics of natural origin. These include peppermint, anise, dill and fennel oil.

Main groups of antispasmodics

There is a division of antispasmodic drugs based on the direction of their action. Among the main groups of antispasmodics, it is necessary to highlight the following:

Antispasmodics, painkillers

Painkillers and antispasmodics are used to relieve pain during cholecystitis, pancreatitis, stomach colic and menstruation. They are also used to relieve headaches, cerebral circulation problems, and increased blood pressure. Some types of antispasmodic drugs are used to eliminate pain in the heart or bronchial muscles, others are used only to eliminate pain due to diseases in the stomach.

Selective antispasmodics

Selective antispasmodics are characterized by selectivity of the effect they provide. They are mainly used to treat pain in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Selective antispasmodics have the following general properties:

do not give persistent side effects;
have restrictions for use;
have a normalizing effect on the general motility of the intestines and gastrointestinal tract, the pathways of excretion of bile and gallbladder from the body;
have a complex effect on the human body, manifested in a combination of pain relief effects and accompanying dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

Antispasmodics that reduce blood pressure

Hypertensive patients suffer from unpleasant sensations from contraction of blood vessels in the cranial cavity. High blood pressure is reduced through the use of drugs that can eliminate the effects of vascular compression. Atherosclerosis and disruptions in the normal functioning of the nervous system cause changes in the tone of the walls of blood vessels in the brain.

You can reduce blood pressure by using Papaverine. It should be used only in combination with other drugs for treatment: phenobarbital and nicotinic acid.

Effectively lowers blood pressure No-spa. This unique antispasmodic agent is able to quickly and efficiently treat ailments that manifest themselves with increased blood pressure. No-Spa does not eliminate the cause of the disease, however, headaches are significantly reduced.

Diabazole effectively lowers high blood pressure; the drug can also relieve cerebral vascular spasms. The combination of papaverine and dibazole eliminates headaches and lowers overall blood pressure. The use of Tempalgin is also recommended to normalize blood pressure and eliminate cerebral vascular spasms.

Vasodilator antispasmodics

Theobromine has a good vasodilating antispasmodic effect. The drug can have a stimulating effect on the nervous system and increase diuresis. It should be taken orally, one tablet once a day. The drug is often used in combination with dibazole, papaverine hydrochloride and phenobarbital.

An excellent vasodilator antispasmodic agent is euphilin. It is administered intramuscularly and intravenously in various concentrations. The drug dilates blood vessels, reduces venous and intracranial pressure. It may cause side effects, including nausea, dizziness, and tachycardia. Contraindicated in coronary insufficiency.

Treatment with antispasmodics

Treatment with antispasmodics should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. You should not take them at your own risk to avoid unwanted effects.

Antispasmodics for the intestines

Pinaveria bromide is recommended to be taken up to four times a day before meals, washed down with water;
If you experience pain in the intestines, you should take Mebeverine. The drug reduces the ability of the intestines to contract; it is usually prescribed in case of stool disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. The drug effectively relieves pain in the abdominal area. The dose is taken before meals three times a day.

Before using these products, you should carefully study the instructions for their use. Constipation may occur when used by older people.

Antispasmodics for colic

Papaverine and Drotaverine help well with colic. You can take them in the amount of two tablets per day. Platyfilin is also good for eliminating symptoms of pain due to intestinal colic. It is able to eliminate pain, eliminate spasms and weaken rapid intestinal motility.

Antispasmodics for cholecystitis

Antispasmodics for cholecystitis help reduce pain symptoms. The most effective are Papaverine, Atropine, Drotaverine. It is recommended to use an infusion containing the natural antispasmodic peppermint for cholecystitis. It should be consumed three times a day, half a glass after meals.

Antispasmodics for pancreatitis

Treatment of pancreatitis should be carried out comprehensively and antispasmodics in this case are used as a means to eliminate pain. During attacks of the disease, it is recommended to take No-shpu, and the drug is taken both in tablets and by injection. Tablets are used if there is no vomiting and the pain is not so intense that it requires immediate relief.

If the patient vomits, the drug should be taken intramuscularly. The effect of the drug in this case will be immediate. You should take no more than 80 milligrams of the drug at a time, the daily dose is 240 milligrams.

Antispasmodics for renal colic

With renal colic, the pain is quite pronounced and the pain should be relieved first of all during an attack. In such cases, taking Platiphylline in the form of injections is recommended. You can also take tablets of the drug. A good effect is achieved by using Atropine and Drotaverine tablets. They quickly and effectively eliminate colic of various locations.

Choleretic antispasmodics

Odeston should be classified as a choleretic antispasmodic drug. The drug is produced in tablets, they are white or whitish-yellow in color, and their shape is round. The drug promotes a general increase in the formation of bile in the human body and causes its subsequent release. The drug affects the bile ducts, in addition, it does not reduce the peristalsis of the stomach and intestines.

Antispasmodics for headaches

When used as a means of eliminating headaches, antispasmodics reduce its intensity. Papaverine, Drotaverine and Benzictal effectively cope with this task. As a remedy for migraines, they are recommended mainly in tablets. Taking antispasmodic drugs in combination with anti-inflammatory and painkillers shows greater effectiveness in eliminating headaches.

Cardiac antispasmodics

For heart pain, it is recommended to take antispasmodics in tablets. Most often these are Papaverine and Drotaverine. It is difficult to say what the optimal dosage of use is; everything is determined by the specific recommendations of the doctor in each individual case. You should not determine the dosage yourself; it is best to seek advice from your doctor, who will help you choose the optimal drug for treatment and its normal dosage.

Myotropic antispasmodics

The selectivity of the action of some myotropic drugs (atylonium, mebeverine) is associated with different sensitivity of smooth muscles to them in different organs. Thus, the smooth muscles of only the digestive system are sensitive to otilonium (Spazmomen), and only the large intestine is sensitive to mebeverine (Duspatalin), which determines the specific use of these drugs.
The group of myotropic antispasmodics includes Papaverine hydrochloride, No-shpa, Halidor, Dicetel, Duspatalin, Spasmomen, Spazmol.

Antispasmodic drug: Halidor (Egis, Hungary)

Halidor is a highly effective, long-acting, antispasmodic and disaggregant anti-ischemic agent, a calcium channel blocker. Halidor is used for a variety of conditions accompanied by spasms of visceral smooth muscles, vasospasms, and has virtually no effect on normal tone, and therefore does not change blood pressure. The antispasmodic effect of the drug on the smooth muscles of internal organs significantly exceeds the effects of traditional therapeutic agents. By reducing peripheral resistance, it has a beneficial effect on peripheral blood circulation and improves tissue trophism. It has a positive effect on cardiac function, helping to increase coronary and collateral blood flow. Indications for use are the elimination of mental and neurological symptoms (dizziness, headache, tinnitus, sleep disorders due to cerebrovascular accidents of various origins, vascular diseases of the eyes, obliterating arterial diseases, sick sinus syndrome; sinus bradycardia; for coronary heart disease as means of additional therapy, elimination of spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs. Has a local anesthetic effect; inhibits platelet aggregation. Does not reduce blood pressure.

Antispasmodic drug: Dicetel (Beaufour Ipsen International, France)

Distinctive features of Dicetel are its selective effect on the smooth muscles of the intestines and biliary tract with no effect on the cardiovascular system, which significantly reduces the undesirable effects of the drug. The drug is used for intestinal diseases accompanied by abdominal pain, discomfort and impaired motor skills, as well as for pain caused by biliary dyskinesia. When used as a course, Dicetel prevents the occurrence of pain and gradually normalizes stool. Available in the form of film-coated tablets containing 50 and 100 mg of the active substance (pinaverium bromide), in a package of 20 pieces. Use 50 mg 3-4 times a day. If necessary, the daily dose can be increased to 300 mg. The tablets should be taken with meals, with plenty of water, without chewing or dissolving. The drug is not recommended for use in children.

Antispasmodic drug: Duslatalin (Solvay Pharma, Germany)

It is a highly selective effective myotropic antispasmodic. Reduces the tone and reduces the contractile activity of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract (mainly the large intestine). Duspatalin is used for the symptomatic treatment of abdominal pain, stool disorders and discomfort associated with functional bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, as well as for the treatment of secondary spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in organic diseases. In children over 3 years of age, the drug is used to treat functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract accompanied by abdominal pain. Compared to anticholinergics, it has much fewer contraindications (only hypersensitivity to the components of the drug), so it can be used by patients with glaucoma and prostatic hyperplasia. The drug is well tolerated, very rarely it can cause weakness and skin reactions. Available in the form of tablets containing 135 mg of the active substance (mebeverine), in a package of 50 pieces; capsules (200 mg of active substance), 30 pcs. in a package. Take 135 mg orally 3 times a day. When the effect is achieved, the dose of the drug is gradually reduced over several weeks. Extended-release capsules have the added benefit of being easier and more convenient to take. A 200 mg capsule is taken 2 times a day. Duspatalin is recommended to be taken 20 minutes before meals.

Antispasmodic drug: No-Shpa (Sanofi-Synthelabo, France)

It has been successfully used in clinical practice for 35 years in more than 42 countries. It is superior to Papaverine in terms of severity and duration of action. No-Spa (drotaverine hydrochloride) acts directly on smooth muscles and leads to relaxation of smooth muscles, primarily at the site of spasm. No-Shpa can be used as an antispasmodic in cases where drugs from the group of anticholinergics are contraindicated (glaucoma, prostate hypertrophy, etc.). When administered intravenously, the effect of the drug appears within 2-4 minutes. The maximum effect develops after 30 minutes. Side effects: nausea, insomnia, constipation, feeling hot, sweating, headache, dizziness, tachycardia. Available in the form of tablets 0.04 g in packs of 20 and 100 pcs.; solution for injection, 2 ml in ampoule of 5 and 25 pcs. in a package (1 ml contains 0.02 g of active substance). Used internally by adults, 1-2 tablets. 3 times/day or 2-4 ml 1-3 times/day subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. The drug is administered intravenously slowly to relieve renal and hepatic colic. For children under 6 years of age, the drug is prescribed in a single dose of 10-20 mg; at the age of 6-12 years - 20 mg 1-2 times / day.

Antispasmodic drug: No-Shpa forte (Sanofi-Synthelabo, France)

A new form, characterized by ease of dosing: 1 tablet. contains 0.08 g of drotaverine hydrochloride, 20 pcs. in packaging; 4 ml ampoules, 5 pcs per pack. A double dose allows you to halve the number of tablets you take, and also provides significant convenience in using the injection form of the drug.

Antispasmodic drug: Papaverine hydrochloride (ICN Polypharm, Russia)

Opium alkaloid has a myotropic antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of the intestines, biliary and urinary tracts. Unlike other alkaloids, opium does not affect the central nervous system when used in moderate therapeutic doses. Papaverine has a maximum antispasmodic effect on the colon; further in decreasing order of effect - on the duodenum, antrum of the stomach. In addition to its effect on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, Papaverine causes dilation of arteries and helps increase blood flow, including cerebral blood flow. In addition, it has a bronchodilator effect. Papaverine is available in the form of tablets of 0.01 and 0.04 g, rectal suppositories 0.02 g, solution for injection (1 ml - 0.01 or 0.02 g of active substance). The drug is administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intravenously. A single dose for adults is 10-20 mg; the interval between administrations is at least an hour. Orally prescribed 40-60 mg 3-5 times a day. Papaverine can cause a number of side effects: nausea, constipation or diarrhea, headache, dizziness, allergic skin reactions, drowsiness, increased sweating; with rapid intravenous administration, as well as with the use of high doses, the development of AV block and heart rhythm disturbances is possible.

Antispasmodic drug: Spasmomen (Berlin-Chemie, Germany)

It is characterized by high selectivity of action on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of the drug has the greatest effect on contractions of the colon, while both the amplitude and frequency of contractions decrease, in contrast to Papaverine, which reduces the amplitude of contractions of the colon to a greater extent. Spasmomen does not have anticholinergic properties. Unlike all other antispasmodics. Spasmomen is a highly selective agent due to its very low absorption - no more than 5% of the drug is absorbed; 95% is excreted unchanged through the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, Spasmomen acts exclusively locally, in the intestines, and has no systemic effects, including side effects. Due to the mechanism of action, Spasmomen is most effective in cases of increased motor activity of the colon, which is often observed in the most common intestinal disease - irritable bowel syndrome. Available in the form of film-coated tablets containing 40 mg of active
substances (octylonium bromide), 30 pcs. in a package. Take 1-2 tablets. 2-3 times/day.

Antispasmodic drug: Spasmol (ICN Leksredstva, Russia)

Antispasmodic myotropic action. The active ingredient, drotaverine hydrochloride, has a stronger and longer-lasting effect than papaverine. Acts directly on smooth muscles. Does not affect the autonomic nervous system, does not penetrate the central nervous system. Spasmol lowers the tone of the smooth muscles of internal organs, reduces their motor activity, and dilates blood vessels. The drug is available in tablets containing 40 mg of drotaverine hydrochloride. Adults take the drug 1-2 tablets 2-3 times a day, children under 6 years old - 1/3-1-2 tablets 1-2 times a day.

Anticholinergic antispasmodics

Anticholinergic (atropine-like) drugs have the best antispasmodic effect in the upper gastrointestinal tract: they are 3-10 times more effective on the stomach than on the colon. The number of side effects and low effectiveness make the use of anticholinergic drugs very limited for intestinal diseases.

Anticholinergic drugs include Buscopan, Riabal, No-spasm.

Antispasmodic drug: Buscopan (Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany)

It is a selective m-anticholinergic blocker, has a pronounced antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of internal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract and genitourinary system. It is used for spastic constipation, biliary dyskinesia, urinary tract spasms, dysmenorrhea, and stomach ulcers. Due to its chemical structure, Buscopan does not cause side effects from the central nervous system and salivary glands, characteristic of other atropine-type drugs. It has several forms of release. Available in the form of dragees containing 10 mg of the active substance (hyoscine butyl bromide), in a package of 20 pcs.; in the form of rectal suppositories containing 10 mg of active substance, 10 pcs. in a package; in the form of a solution for injection, 1 ml in an ampoule, in a package of 5 pieces, containing 20 mg of active substance per 1 ml. Used in adults and children over 6 years of age, 10-20 mg 3-5 times a day. in the form of dragees or in the form of suppositories. For acute attacks of spastic pain, 20-40 mg of Buscopan (1-2 ampoules) can be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Injections can be done several times a day. Side effects: with parenteral administration, tachycardia is sometimes observed; with parenteral administration in large doses, a temporary disorder of accommodation may occur, which goes away on its own, rarely - urticaria, shortness of breath.

Antispasmodic drug: No-Spasm (Hikma, Jordan)

It has a selective antispasmodic effect and relieves pain associated with spasms of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary and urinary tracts, and suppresses the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Highly effective when taken orally and rectally. It is used in patients of any age. When taken in average therapeutic doses, it does not affect the heart rate or the central nervous system. It is used for intestinal diseases such as enteritis, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome. Side effects are rare (dry mouth, impaired accommodation, constipation). Contraindicated in glaucoma, prostate adenoma. It has a variety of release forms: film-coated tablets containing 30 mg of the active substance (priphinium bromide), 20 pcs. in a package; suppositories 30 mg, 30 pcs. in a package; syrup 60 ml in a bottle (7.5 mg in 5 ml); solution for injection, 2 ml in ampoule, pack of 6 pcs. (in 1 amp. 15 mg).
A single dose for adults is 30-60 mg; for children aged 6-12 years - 15-30 mg. Frequency of application 3 times/day. The injection solution is used mainly for biliary and renal colic; it is administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously in a dose of 1-2 ml; if necessary, administration can be repeated after 6-8 hours. No-spasm is available in a special form for children under 6 years of age - syrup for children. A single dose depends on the age of the child and is 1 ml for children under 3 months; 3-6 months - 1-2 ml; 6-12 months - 2 ml; 1-2 years - 5 ml (1 tsp); 2-6 years - 5-10 ml (1-2 tsp). Frequency of appointment - every 6-8 hours.

Antispasmodic drug: Riabal (Laboratoires Jacques Logeais, France)

An anticholinergic drug used mainly in children for abdominal pain, vomiting, and psychogenic spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. The average daily dose is 1 mg/kg of the child’s body weight. Apply 3 times/day. It features a convenient release form for children - an oral solution in a 50 ml bottle with a 0.4 ml pipette. 1 pipette filled to the red line contains a dose of 2 mg (0.4 ml). Side effects: dry mouth, possible dilated pupils, impaired accommodation, drowsiness.
Combined drugs have the most powerful antispasmodic and analgesic effect, since they contain substances with different mechanisms of action. In case of irritable bowel syndrome, there is reason to give preference to drugs containing analgesics (Baralgin and its analogues: Maxigan, Minalgan, Spazvin, Spazgan, Spazmalgon, etc.). The drugs in this group are identical in composition, doses and effects.

Antispasmodic drug: Baralgin (Aventis, France-Germany)

Contains analgin, an antispasmodic, acting like papaverine, and a ganglion blocker. It is a highly effective remedy for intestinal, gastric, renal and biliary colic, painful menstruation, since it has a pronounced analgesic and antispasmodic effect, which occurs quite quickly. Available in the form of tablets, in a package of 20 pcs., and in the form of a solution for injection, 5 ml in an ampoule, 5 pcs. in packaging. Take 1-2 tablets. 4 times/day. For colic, administer 5 ml (1 amp.) IV slowly over 5-8 minutes. Repeated administration is possible after 6-8 hours. Long-term use may cause granulocytopenia, so it is recommended to monitor blood tests. May cause allergic reactions.

Antispasmodic drug: Meteospasmil (Laboratoires Mayoly Spindler, France)

Along with the myotropic antispasmodic alverine (close in properties to No-shpe), it contains simethicone, which reduces gas formation in the intestines. Meteospasmil regulates intestinal activity, prevents the accumulation of gases, envelops and protects the intestinal wall, and has an antispasmodic and analgesic effect. It has no side effects and no contraindications. It is used as a symptomatic treatment for functional digestive disorders accompanied by flatulence. Available in capsule form: 20 pcs per pack. (1 capsule contains 60 mg of alverine citrate and 300 mg of simethicone). Take 1-2 caps. 2-3 times/day before meals.

Antispasmodic drug: Novigan (Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, India)

A combined drug that contains ibuprofen, an antispasmodic ketone and an anticholinergic antagonist of central and peripheral action amide. Ibuprofen, inhibiting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect. In women with primary dysmenorrhea, it reduces the elevated level of prostaglandins in the myometrium and thereby reduces intrauterine pressure and the frequency of uterine contractions. Ketone has a direct myotropic effect on the smooth muscles of internal organs and causes its relaxation. The amide has an additional relaxing effect on smooth muscles. The combination of these three components of the drug leads to a mutual enhancement of their pharmacological action. Novigan is used for moderate pain syndrome associated with spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs - spastic dysmenorrhea, intestinal spasms, biliary dyskinesia, renal and hepatic colic. The drug is also used to relieve headaches, including migraine headaches. As a symptomatic therapy, the drug is used for joint pain, neuralgia, and myalgia. It is used as an antipyretic for colds and infectious and inflammatory diseases. Novigan is intended for episodic and short-term treatment - up to 5 days. Longer use is possible under medical supervision. The recommended dose is 1-2 tablets 1 hour before meals or 3 hours after meals, up to 4 times a day. The drug is usually well tolerated. Sometimes allergic reactions may occur, extremely rarely - dizziness and dyspeptic disorders. Available in tablet form, 20 pieces per pack.

Antispasmodic drug: Spasmoveralgin (Slovakofarma, Slovenia)

A combined drug, which, along with an analgesic, papaverine and atropine, includes codeine (increases the analgesic effect, inhibits peristalsis, increases the tone of the intestinal sphincters), phenobarbital (has a calming effect, reduces sensitivity to irritants) and ephedrine (increases intestinal tone, reduces the rate of movement of digested food, enhances the secretion of digestive juices; compensates for the excessive inhibitory effect of phenobarbital). This composition provides Spasmoveralgin with high effectiveness for various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by pain and spastic syndromes. Available in tablet form, 10 pcs per pack. Used by adults: 1 tablet 1-3 times/day. Children aged 6-15 years are recommended to use 1/2-3/4 tablet. 1-3 times/day. Side effects: possible leukopenia up to agranulocytosis, allergic skin reactions, dry mouth, accommodation disturbances, tachycardia, constipation, difficulty urinating. The development of addiction is possible, it may reduce the ability to concentrate; during treatment you should not drink alcohol.

Herbal antispasmodics

Herbal preparations that can relieve spastic phenomena of the gastrointestinal tract include Altalex and Intestin.

Antispasmodic drug: Altalex (Lek, Slovenia)

The drug is based on medicinal plants and contains a mixture of essential oils from 11 medicinal herbs, the most famous of which is lemon balm. Aptalex is prepared according to an ancient recipe, proven by a hundred years of experience in its use. Due to its composition, it has an antispasmodic, choleretic effect, and reduces gas formation in the intestines. In addition, Altalex increases appetite and has a sedative effect. Available in the form of drops in a 50 ml bottle. For intestinal diseases, take 10-20 drops orally in hot mint tea.

Antispasmodic drug: Intestin (Diet Pharma, Germany)

It is a preparation of natural origin containing oils of Japanese mint, chamomile and fennel. The active substances contained in Intestin normalize the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, prevent excessive formation of gases, and also have a mild antispasmodic effect and reduce intestinal colic. Available in the form of drops for oral administration, in a 10 ml bottle. Take 5-7 drops on a piece of sugar or with 100 g of warm water 2-3 times a day.