Is it possible to completely cure fibroids? Treatment methods for uterine fibroids without surgery

Article outline

Treatment of uterine fibroids without surgery is possible only in the early stages of the disease. Therefore, you should not ignore scheduled visits to the gynecologist. If the disease is detected at the initial stage of its development, it is quite possible to do without surgical intervention. Influence by medicinal methods is carried out under the following conditions:

• symptoms of the disease are minimal;
• the node has a size of no more than 2 cm;
• there is no dysfunction in organs located in close proximity to the uterus;
• the location of the nodes is of the subserous or intramural type;

If these criteria are met, you can count on non-surgical treatment of uterine fibroids.

About the disease

At home, fibroids are treated with celandine. To prepare the tincture, you need to take 1 tablespoon of crushed leaves and 10 tablespoons of alcohol or vodka.

The mixture is infused for 2 weeks. The application scheme is quite simple. On the first day, use 1 drop of tincture per 100 ml. water and add 1 drop every day until it reaches 15. Then the scheme works in a decreasing manner - every day the amount is reduced by 1 drop. The course lasts 30 days.

Hog queen

Among the popular methods is the hog uterus. It has antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. A decoction is prepared from this plant at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. herbs in 1 glass of water and take 1 tbsp for 2 weeks. l. 3 times a day before meals.

A good remedy for fibroids is calendula. This herb is often used in the treatment of gynecological diseases and has anti-inflammatory and healing effects.

Usually used externally in the form of suppositories or tampons.

When using this method, a mandatory consultation with a doctor is required to identify contraindications.

Methods for treating uterine fibroids without surgery also include the use of various herbal remedies. Basically, their effect is aimed at normalizing the menstrual cycle, reducing bleeding, as well as general strengthening of the body.

This type is selected individually on the recommendation of a doctor. You need to be especially careful when using herbal treatments during pregnancy. Some of them can cause uterine contractions, leading to miscarriage. This factor is taken into account without fail. The individual characteristics of the body are also taken into account.

Homeopathy

Many experts admit that homeopathic methods of treatment are also effective for fibroids. Modern drugs of this type are available in a wide range, but their uncontrolled use can cause not benefit, but significant harm to the body. Therefore, appointment is possible only after consultation with a doctor.

It is worth noting that the course of treatment with homeopathic remedies is quite long and can only be used if the tumor is not prone to rapid growth.

Other methods

The main treatment is medication or surgery, which depends on the stage of the disease and its progression.

It is effective only in the initial stage of the disease. To achieve the appropriate effect, a specialist prescribes hormonal drugs in combination with the drugs necessary to eliminate symptoms.

The effect of hormonal drugs is aimed at suppressing tumor growth. They are selected individually depending on the type of disease, its nature, and the degree of development.

Mostly progestin agents are prescribed. Their effect is to suppress ovarian function, which reduces estrogen production and causes menopause.

The effectiveness of hormones may be insufficient and there are frequent cases when the formation progresses immediately after the end of the course of treatment, although the results were positive throughout it. Therefore, patients are under constant medical supervision and undergo examinations at certain intervals.

Also, therapy with hormone-containing drugs is prescribed before surgery to reduce the likelihood of complications.

It belongs to the category of non-invasive procedures and is still a novelty in medical practice. The process involves exposing the neoplasm to ultrasonic waves, which help eliminate it. The procedure takes place under the careful supervision of a specialist.

This method is not yet widely used due to the lack of appropriate equipment in many clinics. But in the future it is planned to become more widespread, because it is an excellent alternative to surgery and allows you to remove the tumor without surgery.

This is one of the most difficult gynecological operations. It is prescribed when other methods no longer have a positive effect. Most often, hysterectomy is used when the patient is predisposed to menopause due to age. For younger women, doctors try to preserve reproductive function.

The operation can be simple, partial or radical. In the first case, the uterus and cervix are removed, but the ovaries are preserved. In the second case, only the uterus is removed, while its cervix and ovaries are preserved. In the third, all reproductive organs are completely removed.

The most gentle option is to remove the uterus without surgically affecting the appendages. This approach makes it possible to maintain hormonal balance and significantly shorten the rehabilitation period. This option also promotes rapid psycho-emotional recovery.

Removal of uterine fibroids using laparoscopic method

This is not always possible with the help of laparoscopy. There are a number of contraindications for the event, the main ones being:

1. Diseases of the liver and digestive organs.
2. The presence of multiple nodular formations in the walls of the affected organ.
3. Suspicion of degeneration of a benign tumor into a malignant one.
4. Diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
5. Hemophilia.

Therefore, the decision to perform laparoscopy for fibroids is possible only after an examination that reveals possible pathologies that are a contraindication to this kind of intervention.

Laparoscopy involves inserting surgical instruments into the uterus to remove fibroids through small punctures in the abdominal wall. This method is considered less traumatic than abdominal surgery.

Uterine artery embolization

The process involves the introduction of a substrate into the vessels, causing them to block, which is carried out selectively. is aimed at depriving the tumor of nutrition, which is why it dies.

The process involves installing a catheter into the uterine artery, from where it branches to the fibroid. Through it, small particles of drugs based on gelatin or plastic components are injected, causing blockage of small vessels through which the tumor is supplied with blood.

Rehabilitation

The duration of the rehabilitation period directly depends on the treatment method. If this is drug therapy, then the period is quite short and the body quickly returns to normal after hormonal levels are restored. The same can be said for alternative treatments.

If surgical intervention is performed, the timing directly depends on its traumatic nature, the age of the patient, as well as the degree of neglect of the disease and the individual characteristics of the body. The most difficult rehabilitation is after complete removal of the uterus and ovaries.

It will take at least several months to restore the normal state of the body, provided there are no complications. If they are, then the process can take up to six months or longer.

Uterine fibroids are one of the most common problems faced by gynecological patients. According to statistics, every second woman is diagnosed with this pathology, so the question of how to treat uterine fibroids without surgery is extremely relevant.

Myoma - what is it?

First of all, you need to understand what fibroids are. This is a benign tumor of the uterine tissue, which forms in its middle, muscular layer. The cause of the problem is various factors, they are united by the fact that under their influence tissue proliferation occurs, that is, pathological cell division.

Among the reasons for the development of fibroids are:

• hereditary factor;
• endocrine diseases;
• lack of regular sex life;
• mechanical injuries, for example, during abortion.

Despite the fact that fibroids are a tumor, they do not require observation by an oncologist, since they never turn into a malignant neoplasm. But nevertheless, it can cause quite serious health problems, which means you need to understand the issue of how to treat uterine fibroids without surgery, and immediately apply the most effective and safest method.

Treatment without surgery

Therapy for almost any disease, with the exception of acute pathologies, involves a treatment regimen in which surgery is the last measure used after conservative methods have proven ineffective. But in Russia, uterine fibroids were treated for a long time only by surgical methods: doctors either excised the tumor tissue or removed the entire organ.

It is noteworthy that uterine resection was often performed even on young, nulliparous patients. However, even in cases where only the fibroids were removed, patients often subsequently faced the problem of infertility. Despite this, the question of how to treat uterine fibroids without surgery remained for a long time without an authoritative answer.

Today, surgical methods are used only in cases where the use of other methods will either be clearly ineffective or may entail a danger to the life or health of the patient. In other cases, conservative methods of therapy are recommended.

Embolization

The method of uterine artery embolization initially appeared not to learn how to treat uterine fibroids without surgery, but to prepare the patient for surgery.

The essence of the method is that a special drug is injected into the artery, which blocks the blood flow to the tumor tissue. At the same time, healthy tissues remain uninvolved in the process, since the lumen of their vessels does not allow the components of the embolization drug to clog the blood flow.

Carrying out such an intervention before surgery to reduce blood loss, doctors discovered that the injection resulted in a gradual decrease in the pathological tissue, its subsequent drying out and, consequently, the disappearance of fibroids. It is noteworthy that there was no further relapse of the disease at its location.

This observation marked the beginning of a new UAE method and made it possible to give a positive answer to the question of whether uterine fibroids can be treated without surgery.

Hormonal drugs

Hormonal treatment is used not only as an alternative to surgery, but also as a method of preventing relapse after surgery. Thus, after the fibroid was removed, the patient was treated with drugs that minimize the risk of needing reoperation, which accounts for half of the cases.

This practice is justified, because the reason for the formation of fibroids, one way or another, depends on a person’s hormonal background. Therefore, hormonal therapy is both a method of treating uterine fibroids without surgery and a method of prevention.

Norsteroids

In the event that it is important for a woman to preserve her reproductive abilities, due to age or other factors, 19-norsteroids are prescribed. Their main advantage is that immediately after starting treatment they allow you to control the level of blood loss. But a gradual decrease in hemoglobin levels is one of the most important consequences of such a phenomenon as uterine fibroids. In turn, heavy bleeding during menstruation leads to anemia, decreased vitality, and deterioration of the condition of nails and hair.

From the start of taking drugs derived from 19-norsteroids, you can immediately notice a decrease in the volume of bleeding, and upon examination, you can notice that the size of the fibroids is gradually decreasing.

After six months, an examination is carried out to determine the results of the therapy. It is important to note that after stopping the course of drug treatment, the tumor usually returns to its previous size. Therefore, when deciding how to treat uterine fibroids without surgery, the medicine often has a temporary effect. But there are cases when drugs can completely get rid of the problem.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists

If the issue of childbearing is not urgent for a woman, and her age exceeds 45 years, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are used, which cause ovarian function to gradually extinguish naturally.

Thus, menopause occurs, which solves the problem. Considering methods for treating uterine fibroids without surgery and reviews about them, it can be noted that this is the most expensive treatment option.

Traditional methods

Traditional medicine is very popular because, for the most part, it does not require you to spend large sums of money and a lot of time. The opinion of doctors regarding traditional recipes is ambiguous. Indeed, sometimes infusions and decoctions can produce some auxiliary effect depending on the stage and form of the disease, but they should not act as an independent method of therapy, but only as an additional factor.

Even when using herbs, it is important to consult with your doctor, because the components of pharmaceutical products and alternative medicine can conflict with each other, enhancing the effect or reducing it to zero. Therefore, any advice under the auspices of “treating uterine fibroids at home with effective methods” should be viewed from a critical angle.

Speaking about what recipes can be used in the treatment of uterine fibroids, first of all it is necessary to consider herbs with anti-inflammatory properties. For example, boron uterus is often used in the form of tincture or calendula, mint, celandine.

Having examined popular recipes, you can see that they involve almost all known medicinal plants. They can be boiled, filled with alcohol, or even mixed with olive oil.

Lifestyle with fibroids

When considering the question of how and with what to treat uterine fibroids without surgery, reviews often advise changing lifestyle so that the body has the opportunity to regulate its activities and get rid of the pathology on its own.

It should be understood that it is impossible to completely cure uterine fibroids with the help of the right lifestyle. But it is quite possible to influence the growth rate of the tumor and slow it down so that it actually does not cause any inconvenience and does not require treatment. There are often cases when, in such remission, fibroids did not bother you throughout your life.

The most common advice given to patients with fibroids includes the following: limit tanning and do not overuse baths. But numerous studies do not confirm a categorical ban on visiting beaches and saunas, so doctors only advise paying attention to this factor whenever possible.

Women suffering from fibroids can play sports based on their physical sensations. If pain or any other discomfort appears during training, you should consult a doctor. If fibroids are accompanied by severe blood loss and, as a result, a decrease in hemoglobin levels, then the patient may suffer from weakness, which will interfere with an active lifestyle.

In addition, it is important to eat a healthy and balanced diet, follow a sleep and rest schedule. These factors do not directly affect fibroids, but they enable the body and immunity to function correctly, preventing the formation of new fibroids, reducing the rate of their growth.

Prevention

In most cases, the occurrence of fibroids is a matter of genetics and factors that are almost impossible to influence directly. But a healthy lifestyle and prevention of diseases of all organs and systems can significantly reduce the risk of such a neoplasm.

Regular sexual activity is of great importance in the formation of fibroids, as it improves blood flow in the pelvic area and prevents blood stagnation. It is important to engage in family planning in a timely manner, since pregnancy and childbirth occurring in the years when doctors recommend women to have offspring reduce the risk of fibroids, unlike early or late pregnancy.

Efficiency

Thus, summing up the information on how to treat uterine fibroids without surgery (methods, reviews and methods), we can say that it is impossible to completely eliminate the problem in a conservative way. But modern methods, including embolization, make it possible to reduce the size of the tumor to a minimum, including all associated symptoms. Non-surgical methods are safe, effective, and easily tolerated by patients.

When the question arises of how to treat uterine fibroids, experts opt for non-surgical treatment, since benign neoplasms in most cases develop in women of reproductive age.

Myoma is a benign tumor, but if it tends to grow in size, it is dangerous. When it reaches a significant size, it can fill the uterine cavity and make conception impossible or complicate the period of gestation.

It is impossible to specifically indicate the reasons for the formation of fibroids. Often external factors indicate poor environment and poor nutrition. There are also significant reasons contributing to the development of the disease:

1. Hormonal imbalance, irregular menstrual cycle, sudden change in the level of the hormone progesterone and estrogen in the blood;
2. Low sexual activity, as a result of which blood flow in the pelvis changes, which leads to stagnation and inflammatory processes;
3. Mechanical damage, difficult childbirth, frequent abortions, curettage, complications after surgery;
4. Endocrine system disorders, sexually transmitted infections, excess weight, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus;
5. Hereditary disposition, physical inactivity, bad habits.

Clinical picture

Uterine fibroids can occur for a long time without significant symptoms. A neoplasm can only be detected during an examination by a gynecologist. The manifestations of the disease depend entirely on the location.

Relate:

• chronic fatigue;
• reduced percentage of hemoglobin;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• difficulty in emptying;
• migraine;
• hot flash;
• feeling of heaviness in the pelvis;
• painful periods and heavy discharge;
• bleeding between periods.

Symptoms in the early stages of the disease do not cause noticeable discomfort. The danger of the pathology is that if neglected, there is a risk of the disease becoming chronic, requiring longer and more difficult treatment.

Diagnosis of uterine fibroids

The signs of fibroids that appear in the early phases are similar to other gynecological diseases. To make a correct diagnosis, laboratory and instrumental studies are necessary. It is taken into account that the tumor often develops against the background of other ailments of the pelvis or abdominal cavity, and therefore specialists consider differential diagnosis of uterine fibroids mandatory. Differential diagnosis includes ultrasound, MRI, radiography, CT. Differentiation of uterine fibroids is carried out using instrumental sampling of cells and tissues of the organ (biopsy). The method is used to confirm the expected diagnosis, and also with its use to determine the precancerous condition and clarify the presence of malignant tumors.

Hardware research is being carried out:

1. Ultrasound. Transvaginal echography is performed. Visually assess the contour and size of the neoplasm over time. The signs detected during the procedure depend on the type and location of myomatous nodes. Myoma resembles a rounded knot of intertwined fibers.
2. Hysteroscopy. The examination allows you to make a clear differential diagnosis of uterine fibroids, visually determine the location of the nodes, and assess the condition of the endometrium and fallopian tubes. During the examination, a biopsy of tumor tissue is taken for further histological analysis.
3. MRI. Gives the opportunity to obtain a three-dimensional picture of the uterus. This type of examination is prescribed if necessary, in order to clarify the diagnosis already made.
4. Laparoscopy of the uterus. The examination is prescribed strictly according to indications. It is a simultaneous examination and surgical intervention. It is used both to identify uterine fibroids and to simultaneously remove nodes.

Laboratory tests are prescribed:

• blood test for tumor marker CA 125 (normal 35.0 U/ml). With fibroids, an increase in antigen to 110 U/ml is recorded;
• blood test for ESR (the norm in women is 2-20mm/h). An increase indicates the development of oncology.

Features of tumor development and treatment

Uterine fibroids, depending on the location, can develop differently and be detected by different symptoms.

When a tumor develops in the thickness of the smooth uterine muscle structures, when the neoplasm is localized at the bottom of the uterus or in the body of the organ, interstitial leimomia is diagnosed. Pathology can develop beyond the walls of the uterus, infringing adjacent organs, in most cases the bladder. This type is recorded in women of reproductive age. When fibroids occur with the simultaneous formation of connective or scar tissue, such nodes are diagnosed as fibromyoma. In the presence of this form, pain appears in the lower abdomen, disruption of the urinary system, and irregular bleeding.

It is one or many nodes attached to the wall of the uterus with a thin stalk or on a wide base. The formations have different sizes and are covered with a protective membrane. Enlargement of the uterus with this type is not recorded, since the nodes grow into the abdominal cavity. The patient develops a violation of the act of defecation, difficulty emptying the bladder, hemorrhoids, cramping pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbosacral area.

When myomatous nodes are located in the submucosal layer of the uterus, submucosal fibroids occur. The neoplasm grows into the abdominal cavity. The nodes quickly grow in size and begin to put pressure on neighboring organs, causing pain and discomfort. With such a clinical picture, a biopsy is prescribed. The pathology is revealed by heavy menstrual discharge in the form of clots, constant pain in the lower abdomen, discharge between periods, and weakness. Women with this pathology experience frequent miscarriages, inability to conceive, and tumor rupture, which leads to an increase in temperature.

When myomatous nodes are localized between ligaments, do not show characteristic signs during development and are detected only when they reach large sizes, intraligamentary or interligamentous myoma is diagnosed. The neoplasm in this case begins to put pressure on neighboring organs. Often the symptoms are smoothed out, the monthly cycle is normal.

Cervical fibroids are rare; the tumor is localized in the cervix. The menstrual cycle is not disturbed, pain is characteristic as a result of infringement of organs located close to the uterus, and the inability to conceive.

Myoma can be localized in the middle of the muscular layer of the uterine wall (intermuscular), on the surface layer (subperitoneal) or inside the cavity of the reproductive organ (submucosal). Myoma is often attached to the body of the uterus by a thin leg.

As the size of the fibroids increases, the patient's abdomen enlarges (visually it looks like pregnancy). The size of the myoma node is determined using ultrasound, and the size of the tumor is compared with the week of pregnancy.

Myomatous nodes are classified depending on the diameter of the tumor:

• small fibroids - diameter no more than 2 - 2.5 cm, corresponding to the 5th week of pregnancy;
• medium size – up to 5cm (10 – 12 weeks);
• large sizes - more than 8 cm (the size of the abdomen corresponds to a 12-week pregnancy).

Myomas larger than 8 cm are dangerous. Such neoplasms can cause complications during pregnancy and childbirth, miscarriage or infertility. A large tumor will put pressure on neighboring organs and vessels, causing organ systems to malfunction. Neoplasms are eliminated using invasive methods, the purpose of which is to remove only myomatous nodes and preserve the reproductive organ.

If the size of the tumor is small, conservative therapy is carried out or one of the modern minimally invasive methods of removing myomatous nodes is used.

Myomatous nodes can develop differently, depending on the age of the patient and her physiological state. The specialist chooses treatment tactics based on the process of development of the tumor, its signs and symptoms. Only after assessing the clinical picture is drug treatment prescribed or surgery performed.

A tumor that does not cause concern can completely resolve with the onset of menopause without intervention. The process is explained by a sharp decrease in the synthesis of hormones in the patient’s body. However, complete resorption is possible only when a problem-free and normal menopause occurs, without complications.

In pregnant women, fibroids generally begin to develop against the background of hormonal changes. A small tumor may not particularly affect the course of pregnancy, but the woman should be under the supervision of a doctor. In pregnant women, myomatous nodes can cause inflammatory processes, increased uterine tone, and placental abruption. There is a risk of premature birth and hypoxic damage to the fetus.

The location of the tumor plays an important role. If the node is located far from the placenta, pregnancy proceeds normally. When the tumor is located near the embryo, there is a risk of premature birth and miscarriage.

How to treat uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are treated with medications, minimally invasive interventions and surgery. Often, traditional medicine methods are combined with folk remedies to increase the effectiveness of the course of therapy.

The use of methods for treating fibroids without surgery is possible only when the size of the fibroids increases by no more than 2 cm over the course of a year, and the patient does not have heavy uterine bleeding that causes anemia. When choosing a method of drug treatment, a specialist first determines that there is no danger of twisting the tumor stalk and the likelihood of the tumor degenerating into uterine cancer.

Safe treatment of uterine fibroids includes a special diet, immunomodulators, herbal medicine, physiotherapy, and hormonal medications.

Conservative treatment

Conservative therapy is used to curb tumor growth. The course of treatment consists of anti-inflammatory therapy for infectious processes in the gynecological area, activation of the immune system with medications, and normalization of the endocrine system. Conservative therapy is also aimed at stabilizing the psycho-emotional background, eliminating bleeding, treating anemia, normalizing the monthly cycle and adjusting the diet.

Indications for conservative treatment are:

• young age of the patient;
• small size of myomatous nodes;
• absence of uterine deformation;
• slow growth of the tumor;
• intermuscular localization of nodes.

COOK

Combined oral contraceptives are prescribed to women of reproductive age planning to conceive a child in the future. The use of such drugs allows you to stabilize hormonal levels, stop the growth of fibroids and prevent the formation of new fibroids. COCs are effective in diagnosing infertility caused by uterine fibroids. Taking this group of drugs makes it possible to conceive a child after 6 months.

Most often prescribed are Silesta, Novinet, Femoden, Janine, Regulon. The drugs temporarily suppress ovulation. The course of admission is 3 months. The choice of COCs is made strictly on an individual basis.

Androgens

Modern medicine uses hormone therapy to treat uterine fibroids. Androgens suppress the synthesis of hormones in the ovaries, cause myometrial atrophy, and inhibit the function of the mammary glands. Popular:

• Testosterone propinate, which is available in the form of a solution for injection (intramuscular). Agovirin, Androfort, Malestron are prescribed.
• Testenate. Available in ampoules, intended for intravenous administration (course of 10 - 15 injections 2 times a month).
• Tetrasterone. It is a solution for injection. The drug contains esters, which are absorbed at different rates, which provides a prolonged effect (up to 4 weeks after a single administration).

Used for the treatment of menopausal disorders, uterine bleeding, during radiation therapy of the ovaries and uterus, rarely in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Drugs in this group can cause certain adverse reactions:

• hypertrichosis, deepening of voice, seborrhea, acne;
• pain, itching, hyperemia at the injection site;
• liver problems;
• disturbance of water and electrolyte balance.

Androgens include derivatives of 17-ethynyl-testosterone. They bind to estradiol, progesterone and androgen receptors in the ovaries, resulting in reduced proliferation in the mimetrium. This group includes Danovil, Danol, Danodil, Vero - Danazol.

Antiprogestogens

Drugs in this group bind to progesterone receptors, blocking their function. The effect of progesterone on myomatous cells decreases, which leads to the cessation of tumor growth. The most effective antiprogesterone is mifepristone. To treat uterine fibroids, drugs are used whose active component is this element. Ginepriston, Agesta, Zhenale, Ginestril are prescribed.

The advantage of these drugs is the lack of gestagenic activity, that is, they do not affect the level of estrogen and calcium metabolism. Drugs in this group are effective only in the treatment of small fibroids and have a temporary effect.

Antigonadotropins

The action of drugs in this group is aimed at suppressing the secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the hypothalamus-pituitary gland system.

Their use is limited, since these drugs exhibit androgenic and anabolic activity, which makes it possible to create a high androgen and low estrogenic hormonal levels. As a result, myometrial atrophy develops, bleeding and pain cease.

The main drugs in this group are Danazol and Gestrinone. Taking medications can cause side effects in the form of amenoria, increased oily skin, acne, hirsutism, hot flashes, reduction in the size of the mammary glands, vaginitis, depression, and decreased libido.

Analogues of this group are Buserelin, Diferelin, Goserelin acetate, Decapeptyl - depot.

Fuz – ablation

The method is non-invasive. The procedure is carried out under MRI guidance. During the manipulation, the cells of the myomatous node are heated using a directed ultrasound pulse, as a result of which they die.

Treatment requires several sessions, depending on the size of the tumor. MRI makes it possible to monitor tissue destruction and adjust the power of the ultrasound beam.

Fuse ablation lasts up to 4 hours. At the last stage of the procedure, a control magnetic resonance scan is performed using a radiocontrast agent. The method cannot be used in the presence of large and numerous myomatous nodes.

Physiotherapy

For uterine fibroids, thermal physiotherapeutic procedures are not allowed, which can cause increased blood flow in the body, as this leads to tumor growth.

Therapeutic baths, electrophoresis, and magnetic therapy are effective. All procedures can be carried out immediately after the end of the monthly cycle.

Hirudotherapy

Quite an effective way. Leech saliva contains hirudin. The substance affects blood clotting, prevents blood stagnation in the veins, due to which the neoplasm decreases in size. Leech saliva also contains hyaluronidase, an enzyme that improves the effect of medications while increasing the permeability of connective tissue. One of the elements secreted by leeches is histamine-like particles, which reduce inflammation. Orgelase is also part of the secretion; the substance has an effect that improves microcirculation in diseased tissues. Bdellin and eglin are bioelements that help suppress blood clotting enzymes and reduce inflammation.

For fibroids on the uterus, leeches are attached to the groin area, to the anal area, to the area below the navel.

After the procedure, an ultrasound is performed to record changes and decreases in tumor size.

It is not allowed to carry out hirudotherapy during pregnancy, as well as in case of:

• allergic reaction to the components of leech saliva;
• low levels of hemoglobin and iron in the blood;
• weakened state of the body after undergoing operations;
• presence of cancer;
• hemophilia;
• constantly low pressure.

Removal of fibroids

Indications for removal of the uterus are the size of the tumor from 12 weeks. A tumor of this size compresses nearby organs and also impinges on blood vessels, which leads to impaired blood flow.

Removal of the reproductive organ is also indicated:

• if the growth of the myomatous node is rapid, for example, from 4 weeks per year;
• when fibroids cause heavy bleeding;
• when pain syndrome is recorded;
• if there is torsion of the leg and necrotization of the myomatous node;
• when the birth of a submucosal myomatous node occurs;
• in case of a combination of endometriosis and fibroids;
• if there is a suspicion of malignancy of the neoplasm;
• when fibroids cause infertility.

The operation is performed with preservation of the reproductive organ and removal of only the neoplasm (myomectomy); if necessary, both fibroids and the uterus are removed simultaneously (hysterectomy).

Radical surgery– hysterectomy is performed if the patient is 40 years or older and if she does not plan to conceive a child. During surgery, the uterus is removed along with the cervix, or while preserving the cervix. The cervix ensures the normal functioning of the genitourinary organs and intestines, which is why specialists, when removing the uterus, try to preserve it if there are no fibroids or malignant cells on the cervix. During the operation, the surgeon may decide to preserve the appendages.

Hysterectomy is performed in two ways:

• Laparotomy hysteroscopy. Access to the organ is made through a skin incision using a scalpel. The method is used in the presence of multiple nodes and large fibroids;
• Laparoscopic hysterectomy when the operation is performed using a special device - a laparoscope. Several small incisions are made on the abdominal wall, through which instruments are inserted and the uterus is removed. The doctor monitors the actions on the monitor.

Myectomy is a surgical intervention that allows you to save the uterus.

Laparoscopy

It is performed through a small incision. The advantage of the intervention is that it allows minimal trauma to the tissues of the abdominal cavity and there are no scars left after it. After surgery, the body recovers quickly.

However, surgical intervention is quite difficult, which is due to the inconvenient location or large size of the nodes, as well as multiple fibroids. During the operation, there is a risk of bleeding, requiring a blood transfusion or switching to abdominal surgery. In some cases, it is necessary to remove the uterus to save the patient’s life.

Hysteroscopy

During a hysteroscopic myectomy, the nodes are removed from the uterine cavity through the vaginal opening. In order to straighten the walls of the uterus and facilitate their viewing, when passing the hysteroscope through the cervical uterus, the doctor introduces a small volume of air or liquid into the uterine cavity. The total procedure time is about half an hour and can be performed on an outpatient basis.

This method of intervention is not allowed in the presence of inflammatory processes in the reproductive system, when there are infections, with stenosis or cancer of the cervical uterus, with severe uterine bleeding, as well as in the presence of cardiovascular diseases and renal failure. The procedure is prohibited if the woman is pregnant.

For several days after the intervention, slight bleeding is observed. This is considered normal and does not require treatment.

Abdominal surgery

The operation is performed through an incision in the abdominal wall. This method is indicated for large fibroids, dysfunction of organs adjacent to the uterus or ovaries, severe pain syndrome that is not amenable to conservative treatment. Abdominal surgery is performed when there is necrosis of myomatous nodes, torsion of the fibroid stalk, malignant formations in the ovaries, as well as in the case of rapid growth of the tumor.

After such an operation, the sutures take a long time to heal; the rehabilitation period lasts an average of two months.

Uterine artery embolization

The method is minimally invasive. The arteries supplying the myomatous node are blocked by embolism, which leads to the death of the affected cells, and subsequently the node.

Possible complications after fibroid removal

In some cases, there is a possibility of relapse of the disease. After surgery, the risk of developing breast cancer and coronary heart disease increases. After surgery, the patient may complain of:

• severe pain in the abdominal cavity, in the suture area. The problem is eliminated with the help of painkillers;
• abdominal pain for the first 2 weeks;
• impaired urination process if the canal mucosa is damaged.

Often after surgery, thrombophlebitis occurs, to eliminate which anticoagulants are used. On the skin, the scar may become inflamed or break apart. There is a risk of bleeding (internal or external), pulmonary embolism, sepsis and hematomas at the suture site.

In a later period, removal of the reproductive organ along with fibroids can lead to:

• inability to conceive a child;
• sutures on the abdominal wall;
• formation of adhesions in the peritoneum;
• early menopause;
• increasing the likelihood of developing osteoporosis;
• vaginal prolapse.

Rehabilitation period after surgery

After surgery, rehabilitation is a mandatory process. A woman must strictly follow the doctor’s instructions, which will allow her to quickly return to active life. If there are any pathological developments after surgery, you must consult your doctor and undergo a full examination. Recommended:

• limit spending time in direct sunlight;
• refuse to visit the sauna, baths, solarium;
• wear a brace if recommended by a doctor;
• abstain from sexual intercourse for 2 months;
• do not lift heavy objects (more than 3 kg);
• refuse tampons, use only special sanitary pads;
• adhere to the diet prescribed by the doctor;
• engage in physical exercise in the later stages of the rehabilitation period.

Nutrition

It should be rich in nutrients and vitamins. The diet should include foods that activate metabolism and remove accumulated toxic elements and waste from the body. These products include bran and soy products. Products that have a positive effect on hormonal levels are useful.

The main part of the diet should be products of plant origin, which normalize microflora and metabolic processes. It is recommended to limit the consumption of red meat and offal, fatty, spicy, fried foods. Fish oil is useful as it fights tumors. Including fresh vegetables, fruits, and herbs in the daily menu increases immunity, normalizes metabolism, which will have a positive effect on the condition of the body as a whole. It is recommended to consume nuts, grains and legumes, which are sources of elements that normalize the functioning of the endocrine system.

You need to eat in small portions, several times a day. It is recommended to consume vegetable oils, fish and seafood, fresh vegetables, fruits and herbs, fermented milk products, black bread with bran, nuts, seeds, legumes, black tea, and jelly. Herbal teas based on medicinal plants are very useful for fibroids.

You need to completely avoid margarine, butter, lard, fatty meats, baked goods and hard cheeses. Fried foods, sausage, canned foods, and sweets should be excluded from the diet.

Treatment without surgery with folk remedies

Alternative medicine suggests using medicinal plants containing phytoestrogens, tannins, essential oils, vitamin compounds and beneficial microelements to treat uterine fibroids. Decoctions and tinctures prepared from plants, when taken orally, help eliminate the inflammatory process, stabilize hormonal levels, and stop the growth of pathogenic cells. Many decoctions are used for douching or tampons.

Traditional methods should be used in combination with a conservative course of treatment, after coordinating the process with a doctor, in order to avoid an allergic reaction or hormonal imbalance.

Burdock root

You need to take 5 g of crushed and pour 500 ml of boiling water. Then leave the composition for 12 hours. You need to take 100 ml per day for a month.

Infusion of boron uterus and red brush

The mixture of plants crushed to powder (1 tbsp) is poured with 200 ml of boiling water and the resulting composition is warmed in a water bath for 20 minutes. Filter the tincture and take 1 tbsp 3 times a day an hour before meals. l. within 14 days. Afterwards, take a break for 10 days and, if necessary, repeat the course.

Flax seeds

Celandine

After taking a decoction of this unique plant, small fibroids can resolve without intervention in 1 month.

1 tbsp. l. Finely chopped plant is poured with 20 g of vodka. The resulting composition is infused in a place protected from natural light for 14 days. Afterwards, it is filtered and consumed for a month according to the following scheme: on the first day, take 1 drop of tincture dissolved in 100 ml of water. Gradually the number of drops is increased to a serving of 15 drops, after which you need to decrease 1 drop daily.

Birch chaga

The plant has a strong antitumor effect. pour boiling water and leave for about 6 hours. Then the water is drained and the mushroom is squeezed through cheesecloth. The already softened chaga is crushed and poured with previously drained water, preheating it to 60 degrees. The resulting composition is infused for 2 days. Take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day for 2 months.

Potato

So is the decoction of its flowers.

Potato juice should be taken in an amount of 100 ml per day in the morning on an empty stomach for 3 months.

Potato juice is also used for douching. Fresh root juice is mixed in equal parts (1:1) with freshly squeezed carrot or celery juice. The composition must be prepared each time before the procedure.

The decoction is prepared from blossoming potato flowers, which are collected in the morning, dried and crushed. You need to take 2 tsp. raw materials and pour 400 ml of boiling water, leave the resulting composition for 2 hours. It is recommended to take the tincture 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day before meals.

Motherwort tincture

1 part of dried motherwort flowers and leaves should be poured with 5 parts of alcohol (70%). The composition should be infused in a dark place for 30 days, shaking occasionally. After time, the tincture must be filtered and taken 30-50 drops 4 times a day.

Treatment with propolis

20% propolis tincture is taken orally with water or milk three times a day, 20 drops, before meals for 20 days. Afterwards you should take a break for 10 days and repeat the course.

You can make tampons soaked in an aqueous solution of propolis (you cannot use alcohol tincture for this purpose) or propolis oil. The procedure should be done three times a day for 10 days, then take a break for 5 days and repeat the course if necessary.

Propolis oil is prepared by mixing crushed propolis (20 g), butter (20 g) and vegetable oil (60 g). The composition should be homogeneous.

Uterine fibroids often cause heavy bleeding. To reduce the amount of bleeding, it is recommended to use decoctions or tinctures of barberry, nettle, yarrow, shepherd's purse, cloves, burnet, and burdock.

Forecast

With timely detection and well-organized treatment of uterine fibroids, the further prognosis is favorable. After surgery to preserve the reproductive organ, the likelihood of pregnancy is high. However, the rapid growth of uterine fibroids may require radical surgery to exclude reproductive function, even in young women. Sometimes even a small tumor can cause infertility.

Prevention of fibroids

Preventive measures help prevent the development of the disease by eliminating possible causes of the tumor.

You should avoid stressful conditions and create a space of psychological comfort for yourself both inside and around you. You should eat right, always keeping your weight under control. It is necessary to maintain a balance of work and rest. You need to use more fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grain products in your food; you should drink at least 2 liters of water per day, which will help normalize the metabolism in the body. It is necessary to provide the body with moderate physical activity and avoid passivity in everyday life.

Every year you need to consult a gynecologist. Detecting fibroids in the early stages, when the symptoms are not expressed, allows you to treat the tumor in a short time and preserve the woman’s reproductive function.

Frequent abortions should be avoided, and contraception should be taken for family planning. Regular, full-fledged sex life reduces the risk of developing gynecological tumors. You need to dress appropriately for the weather, avoid tight-fitting clothing that compresses the body, and do not overexpose yourself to the sun and solariums. Periodic intake of vitamin complexes is useful.

Uterine fibroids in the early phases can be treated with conservative therapy or minimally invasive methods. Timely contact with a specialist allows you to avoid serious surgical interventions and preserve the opportunity to become a mother.

Content

Myoma, fibromyoma, leiomyoma is a hormone-dependent neoplasm in the uterus of a benign nature. The pathology does not relate to cancer, as it is a proliferation of connective tissue cells in the muscle tissue of the uterus. Treatment of fibroids depends on the size and location of the tumor, the clinical picture and concomitant gynecological diseases.

Waiting tactics

Fibroids are considered a common type of benign tumor, which is usually diagnosed in women 35-45 years old. The actual incidence rate at the onset of menopause reaches 70 percent among the female population.

Often, fibroids are multiple in nature and are represented by nodules of various sizes and locations. Myomatous nodes in most cases are characterized by slow growth, which justifies the use of wait-and-see or watchful tactics.

It is believed that the myomatous node progresses for about five years before it appears. After the onset of menopause, the formations usually regress. It is these factors that determine the use of observational tactics.

The attending physician may allow observation of fibroids if the formation is small and there are no severe symptoms. Otherwise, prescribing a wait-and-see approach is inappropriate. Expectant management consists of monitoring the patient’s condition every 3-6 months. The woman regularly visits the doctor and undergoes the necessary examination. As a rule, to assess the growth dynamics of a tumor, it is sufficient to perform a gynecological examination and an ultrasound examination to measure the size of the tumor.

Myoma sometimes reaches large sizes. The doctor may suspect a large nodule during an examination of the enlarged uterus. The size of fibroids is determined in weeks, as during pregnancy.

Despite the tendency of the formation to grow slowly and the absence of pronounced symptoms, provided that the volume is small and the location is favorable, observational tactics can cause the progression of the pathology and the development of complications. In such cases, there is a need to prescribe conservative or surgical treatment. In particular, when the node grows rapidly, surgery is usually indicated.

Conservative treatment

There is no universal treatment regimen for fibroids. This is due not only to the diversity of the clinical picture, types of formations, but also to different approaches to treatment. The choice of methods that can be used to treat fibroids is influenced by the following factors:

• patient's age;
• her desire to realize reproductive function in the future;
• location of myomatous nodes;
• reasons for the growth of nodes in the myometrium.

Most patients prefer to treat fibroids without surgery through the use of various medications and alternative techniques.

Conservative treatment is carried out in accordance with the examination results. Small nodes that are not accompanied by a clinical picture are usually subject to observation and hormonal treatment. Small uterine fibroids have a volume of no more than fifteen millimeters. without surgery involves taking various drugs and traditional medicine. The presence of large uterine fibroids often requires surgery.

Conservative treatment methods for torsion of the leg of the node are not used. The complication should be treated surgically to prevent necrosis of the node.

Conservative treatment of uterine fibroids involves a non-surgical method in which the woman takes medications. Treatment with a conservative, non-surgical method is necessary to stabilize tumor growth, reduce its size, and prevent complications.

Uterine fibroids can be treated with medication in the following cases:

• tumor size up to 12 weeks;
• subserous or interstitial nodes;
• absence of a clear clinical picture;
• contraindications to surgery as a treatment method.

So that the attending physician allows the use of conservative methods, the size of uterine fibroids should not exceed the permissible value.

Treatment options for uterine fibroids without surgery include:

• medications;
• traditional methods of therapy;
• physiotherapy and balneotherapy.

Uterine fibroids should be treated with hormonal agents, which form the basis of non-surgical conservative therapy. The following indications for hormone therapy are given:

• preparation before surgery;
• reducing the size of the formation in order to choose the most gentle surgical tactics;
• relief of symptoms in the preoperative period.

In the postoperative period, medications are taken to normalize hormonal levels and reduce the risk of relapse of the disease.

It is a necessary condition for conservative therapy. Gynecologists prescribe the following drugs as part of hormone therapy.

1. Progestins that stabilize endometrial growth and reduce the free fraction of estrogen in the blood. The drug can be taken in courses; however, this treatment method will not be able to cure the pathology.
2. COCs that stop the progression of the tumor. Combined oral contraceptives are ethinyl estradiol + norgestrel (Rigevidon, Ovedon) or desogestrel + ethinyl estradiol (Novinet, Marvilon). COCs are prescribed to relieve symptoms, such as bleeding, pain in the lower third of the abdomen. In order to reduce tumors, therapy can be justified only if they are initially small in size (up to 1.5 centimeters). In other cases, such therapy most likely will not lead to a reduction in nodes. The attending physician prescribes a hormonal drug to be taken for a period of three months.
3. Analogs of gonadotropin releasing hormone, reducing the production of estrogens and gestagens. The drugs are prescribed with caution due to the risk of menopause. Antigonadotropins reduce the size of uterine fibroids by reducing the level of estrogen in the female body. GnRH causes menstruation to stop, so it is usually used to treat fibroids in older women. In this case, medication treatment is completed only with the onset of physiological menopause.
4. Antiprogestogens(Mifepristone) is successfully used as a treatment for fibroids and in the preoperative period to reduce the size of tumors.

In some cases, hormone therapy can be supplemented with folk remedies. However, the use of these funds is possible only after consulting a specialist.

Side effects of hormone therapy resemble symptoms of menopause:

• sweating and hot flashes,
• muscle stiffness,
• dry mucous membranes,
• increased bone fragility – osteoporosis.

The course of treatment with GnRH in young women cannot exceed 6 months, and after the end of therapy, fibroids may return to their previous size. Therefore, for women under 45 years of age, such treatment is used very rarely.

Also includes non-hormonal agents used for the purpose of:

• drug normalization of metabolism;
• activation of the immune system by taking vitamins and microelements;
• restoration of regular menstruation;
• sanitation of sexually transmitted infections;
• stabilization of sexual life;
• eliminating anemia.

During treatment, it is important to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, which includes:

• rational nutrition and;
• healthy sleep;
• playing sports;
• body weight control;
• giving up bad habits.

Surgical techniques

They include not only conservative, but also surgical tactics. The rapid growth of fibroids, the development of complications, unsuccessful localization of nodes and a pronounced clinical picture may become indications for surgical treatment. As a rule, surgery is prescribed for large tumors, intense pain and infertility. However, even small nodes, for example, submucosal nodes, sometimes lead to the appearance of pathological symptoms.

• large tumor sizes when compression of internal organs is observed;
• infertility;
• intolerance to hormonal therapy;
• pronounced symptoms that cannot be eliminated with medication;
• progression of uterine fibroids after menopause;
• submucosal location of the tumor;
• concomitant conditions of the reproductive organs that complicate the course of uterine fibroids, for example, adenomyosis.

The pathological process can be eliminated using various. The extent of surgical intervention depends on the woman’s medical history and age, her reproductive plans, as well as the location and size of the tumor.

It is possible to treat surgically using methods.

1. Laparoscopy. The procedure is performed through small holes in the lower abdomen. The operation is one of the most gentle surgical interventions that can effectively treat tumor growths. The rehabilitation period after manipulation occurs in a short time, and the risk of complications is minimal.
2. Hysteroscopy. The manipulation is performed through the vagina using a special gynecological instrument called a hysteroscope.
3. Abdominal surgery. Doctors try to treat with this method extremely rarely. During the intervention, a traditional incision is made in the lower abdomen, allowing access to the uterine cavity.
4. Hysterectomy. Treating with this method means using radical intervention, which involves amputation of the uterus.

In modern gynecology, it is customary to use organ-preserving operations to treat diseases such as uterine fibroids.

Radical surgery is indicated in the following cases:

• fibroids are large and put pressure on neighboring organs;
• regular uterine bleeding and the development of anemia;
• rapid growth of tumors;
• leg torsion and necrosis.

If a tumor on a pedicle is not treated at an early stage, due to a combination of unfavorable factors, torsion of its pedicle may occur, which cannot be cured by drug treatment. Torsion of the leg causes necrosis, which is a very dangerous complication.

Leg torsion and the development of necrosis can be recognized by the signs of an “acute abdomen”:

• sharp intense pain in the abdomen;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• loss of consciousness;
• temperature rise.

In this case, the woman is indicated for emergency medical care and further surgical treatment.

Myomectomy

This is the surgical removal of fibroids from the uterine cavity while preserving the organ, which allows the woman to maintain reproductive function. Pathology can be treated with myomectomy only if indicated:

• pain associated with the growth of education;
• bleeding not associated with menstruation;
• rapid growth rate of education;
• the size of the uterus corresponding to periods from 13 weeks of pregnancy;
• submucous location of the nodes (fibroids partially protrude into the uterine cavity or are located under the mucous membrane);
• anemia;
• combination of fibroids with tumor processes in the ovaries;
• infertility;
• miscarriage;
• constipation, frequent urination, associated with compression of nearby organs by growing fibroids.

For safe and least traumatic surgical intervention, endoscopic methods are used:

• laparoscopy – to remove subperitoneal fibroid nodes,
• hysteroscopy – to remove submucosal tumors.

FUS ablation

This method is based on “evaporation” of the formation with an ultrasonic beam. Under MRI control, the ultrasound beam is precisely directed to the area where the tumor is located to eliminate the nodes. The tomograph allows you to monitor the degree of destruction of tumor tissue in real time.

Main advantages of the method:

• no anesthesia;
• minimal trauma and no blood loss during the procedure;
• FUS ablation is suitable even for extensive uterine lesions;
• instant reduction of formations by 2-3 times;
• outpatient conditions for the procedure;
• absence of a recovery period, for example, fever, pain, intoxication;
• elimination of fibroid symptoms;
• prevention of relapse of the disease.

FUS ablation of fibroids is completely safe and can be used in young women, since it does not affect the reproductive functions of the uterus and does not lead to infertility or problems with pregnancy.

Tumors can be treated both at an early and late stage. The method is suitable for eliminating relatively large nodes.

This procedure does not require the use of anesthesia. There is also no blood loss or side effects. Accordingly, the neoplasm can be eliminated effectively and quickly, while maintaining reproductive function.

Percutaneous laser ablation

It is carried out using a special apparatus. The procedure takes several hours. At this time, using computer calculations, the fibroids are split (burned) with a laser. Healthy tissues are not harmed, and the woman can go home immediately after the procedure.

Uterine artery embolization

The principle of UAE is based on stopping the blood supply to the fibroid by blocking its blood flow. After the blood flow stops, the formation gradually resolves, and the nodes are replaced by normal connective tissue.

Uterine artery embolization is a modern method of treating fibroids used in gynecological practice. The minimally invasive intervention is performed in the X-ray operating room without anesthesia or discomfort. A catheter is inserted through the femoral artery into the uterine uterus. Using embolization material, the blood flow to the fibroids is blocked. This method is increasingly being used to remove large tumors. It does not require a long period of hospitalization and recovery. The disadvantages of the method include its high cost.

Hysterectomy

The operation involves amputation of the uterus. Until recently, removal of the uterus was the only way to treat fibroids. In modern gynecology, it is used only in the most extreme cases, when several indications are present:

• tumor size is more than 13 weeks;
• fibroids grow quickly and do not allow other organs to function fully;
• the uterus is displaced and protrudes into the vaginal area;
• the patient is over 40 years old;
• the woman does not plan to have more children in the future;
• uterine prolapse syndrome is present;
• rapid growth and formation of new tumors;
• degeneration of fibroids into a malignant tumor;
• anemia;
• severe bleeding.

Before surgery, hormone replacement therapy is most often prescribed, which allows you to adjust the size of the formations or stop their growth. The surgeon will then be able to choose how to perform the operation.

1. Laparoscopy is the most gentle type of operation, which is performed without incisions, through several punctures in the lower abdomen and with the help of special instruments and video cameras.
2. Vaginal amputation performed through an incision in the vagina. For use only in women who have given birth.
3. Abdominal surgery performed through a vertical incision in the lower abdomen.

Hysterectomy has several options, which are distinguished depending on the number of amputated organs:

• subtotal - only the uterus;
• total – uterus and cervix;
• hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy– appendages and uterus,
• radical – complete removal of all female reproductive organs.

Traditional medicine

Many women do not want to see a doctor and are looking for non-traditional ways to solve the problem. Often, homeopathy, extracts of medicinal plants, tampons with oils, douching, infusions and baths are not able to reduce fibroids or even stop their growth.

Most often, excessive enthusiasm for traditional methods of treatment leads to uncontrolled growth of formations and subsequent amputation of the uterus. Early treatment and regular monitoring of the course of the disease can allow doctors to treat fibroids easily and painlessly.

The only exception when traditional medicine can help is considered to be a very small size of fibroids, which the doctor decides not to treat, but to observe. Only in this case can you try to use herbal medicine (infusions of hawthorn, celandine, nettle) to support the body and possibly slow down tumor growth.

The use of traditional medicine can be combined with basic techniques. Many medicinals, for example, boron uterus and red brush, have been officially recognized by medicine and can be used for the following purposes:

• increasing the body's defenses;
• normalization of hormonal levels;
• eliminating the symptoms of fibroids.

In addition, some medicinal plants have antitumor properties and have a general strengthening effect. Since traditional medicine affects hormonal levels, their independent use is contraindicated.

Uterine fibroids are a pathology that affects most women of reproductive age. Often it is not possible to completely get rid of it, even at an early stage of progression. However, it is necessary to treat it due to the possible development of complications that significantly worsen the woman’s quality of life.

Myoma is a benign tumor that grows from connective tissue on the walls or in the uterine cavity. The incidence rate by age 35 is 35-45% among the entire female population. The peak incidence occurs in the age group of 35-50 years.

Uterine fibroids can range in size from a small nodule to a tumor weighing about a kilogram, when it is easily identified by palpation of the abdomen. Signs of the disease may not appear immediately. The more advanced it is, the more difficult the treatment and the greater the likelihood of complications.

Let's take a closer look at what kind of disease this is, what its characteristic signs and symptoms are, and what is prescribed as treatment for a woman.

Myoma: what kind of disease is it?

Uterine fibroids (fibromyoma, leiomyoma) are the most common benign tumor of the uterus, hormonal-dependent (develops with an increased content of female sex hormones estrogen).

Myoma certainly has the characteristics of a tumor, but it also differs from it, so it is more correct to correlate it with tumor-like formations. Despite its benign nature, fibroids can cause a lot of trouble, including uterine bleeding and complications during pregnancy, so treatment must be approached responsibly.

The occurrence of uterine fibroids usually occurs in her body, but in rare cases it can also occur in the cervix. Fibroids that develop in muscle tissue are considered typical, while those that form in the neck or ligaments are considered an atypical form of the disease.

The myomatous node begins its development from a growth zone located around a thin-walled blood vessel. In size, such growth can range from several millimeters to several centimeters; most often in women, multiple fibroids occur when several tumors form at once.

Causes

Myoma ranks 2nd in the structure of gynecological diseases. Its frequency in reproductive age averages 16%-20% of cases, and in premenopausal age it reaches 30-35%.

Myoma appears as a result of mutation of a single cell. Its further division and development of the tumor is influenced by changes in hormonal levels in the body, an imbalance in the ratio of estrogen and progesterone. When the production of female sex hormones decreases, the tumor may disappear on its own.

The following reasons lead to uterine fibroids:

• Hormonal disorders are a sharp decrease or increase in the level of estrogens, which are clinically manifested by various menstrual disorders.
• Irregularity of sexual activity, especially after 25 years. As a result of sexual dissatisfaction, blood flow in the pelvis changes, and stagnation prevails.
• Disturbance in the production of sex hormones in ovarian diseases
• Prolonged stress, heavy physical work
• The presence of chronic infectious diseases, such as chronic pyelonephritis, chronic tonsillitis, etc.
• Diseases of the endocrine glands: thyroid, adrenal glands, etc.
• Disorders of fat metabolism in the body (obesity).
• Mechanical damage, difficult childbirth with ruptures, abortions, complications after surgery, consequences of curettage.
• Hereditary factor. The risk of developing fibroids increases significantly in those women whose grandmothers and mothers had such a tumor.

It has been proven that women who have given birth are less likely to develop nodes. Often this tumor can appear during pregnancy. Especially if the first pregnancy is late.

Classification

I have several classifications of such formations. According to the number of nodes, uterine fibroids can be of the following types:

• Single;
• Multiple.

According to the sizes there are:

• Large;
• Average;
• Small myomatous neoplasms.

Depending on the size of the myomatous nodes, which are compared with the duration of pregnancy, there are

• small fibroids (5-6 weeks),
• medium (7-11 weeks),
• large sizes (over 12 weeks).

Depending on the size and location of the nodes, there are 3 types of uterine fibroids:

• leiomyoma - consist of smooth muscle tissue;
• fibroma - consists of connective tissue;
• fibroids - consists of connective and muscle tissue.

Based on their location relative to the muscle layer – the myometrium – fibroids are classified as follows:

Interstitial uterine fibroids

It is located in the center of the myometrium, i.e. muscular layer of the uterus. It is characterized by large sizes. It is completely located in the thickness of the muscular layer of the uterine wall (occurs in 60% of all cases of the disease).

Submucosal fibroid

What is it? Submucosal or submucosal - grows in the direction of the endometrium. If such a node is partially (more than 1/3) located in the myometrium, it is called intermuscular with centripetal growth (towards the uterine cavity). It may also have a stem or a wide base. Pedicled fibroids can sometimes “fall out” of the cervical canal, becoming twisted and infected.

Subserosal

Subperitoneal (or subserous) - the node is located under the mucous membrane of the outer layer of the uterus, near the peritoneum. Subserous fibroids are divided into the following types:

• "Type 0". A knot on a wide base is 0-A, a knot on a leg is 0-B.
• "Type 1". Most of the node is located in the serous membrane.
• "Type 2". Most of the tumor is located in the thickness of the myometrium.

Stages

There are three stages of fibroid morphogenesis:

• Formation of the rudiment (active growth zone) in the myometrium.
• Growth of an undifferentiated tumor.
• Growth and maturation of a tumor with differentiated elements.

The rate of development of myomatous nodes depends on many factors:

• The presence of chronic gynecological pathologies;
• Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives;
• Having had a large number of abortions in the past;
• Prolonged ultraviolet irradiation;
• Absence of childbirth and lactation in women after 30.

With the rapid growth of a myomatous tumor, a woman observes menorrhagic changes (excessive bleeding during menstruation), anemic signs, and hyperplastic tissue changes occur in the uterus.

An increase in tumor size does not always occur unambiguously, so the following is distinguished:

1. Simple. Slowly growing and asymptomatic uterine fibroids of small size, often single. Often simple fibroids are diagnosed accidentally.
2. Proliferating. It grows quickly and provokes clinical manifestations. Diagnosed as multiple uterine fibroids or single large ones.

It is usually recommended to treat fibroid nodes in young women, especially if the tumors are bothersome or interfere with pregnancy. Depending on the location of the node and its size, the doctor may first prescribe conservative therapy - taking medications, and if there is no effect, surgery.

The first signs in a woman

A fibroid can only be recognized when it has reached a sufficiently large size. As uterine fibroids grow, the first signs may appear:

• The appearance of sharp pain of a cramping nature not associated with menstruation in the lower abdomen;
• long, heavy and irregular menstruation;
• constipation;
• bleeding;
• frequent urination;
• heaviness and constant pain in the lower abdomen;
• bleeding during sexual intercourse;
• lower back pain;
• abdominal enlargement not associated with significant weight gain;
• frequent miscarriages.

All these signs may be present with other gynecological problems. Therefore, they are not enough to make a diagnosis. The presence of a tumor can only be confirmed by a thorough examination and ultrasound.

Symptoms of uterine fibroids

Often, uterine fibroids do not give any symptoms and are found during a routine examination by a gynecologist. Or it happens that the symptoms are quite smoothed out and are often perceived as a variant of the norm.

The growth of uterine fibroids is accompanied by the appearance of symptoms, the most common of which are:

• Pain during the intermenstrual period, varying in duration, arising in the lower abdomen, sometimes radiating to the lumbar region, upper abdomen or legs;
• Menorrhagia is an increase in menstrual flow. Heavy bleeding is dangerous because after some time it can result in bleeding. More profuse bleeding indicates that the muscles of the uterus are contracting less well, in which case medical attention is required.
• Pelvic organ dysfunction, which are manifested by frequent urge to urinate and constipation. These symptoms occur when the nodes are subserosal, cervical or interligamentous, as well as when the tumor volume is large.
• Feeling of heaviness increases, the presence of something foreign in the stomach. Sexual intercourse becomes painful (if the nodes are located on the vaginal side). The belly grows, as during pregnancy. A sprain increases the nagging pain in the abdomen.
• Miscarriage, infertility - occur in 30% of women with multiple fibroids.

In the photo below, you can see the fibroid from different sides:

It is impossible to independently determine whether you have the disease. If the above symptoms and signs of uterine fibroids appear, you should definitely undergo an examination by a gynecologist. These signs can also be accompanied by more dangerous diseases, such as uterine or ovarian cancer, endometriosis.

	Symptoms in a woman
For submucosal	manifested by various menstrual cycle disorders, heavy and prolonged menstruation, uterine bleeding, which often results in anemia. Pain syndrome is not typical for such fibroids, but if the myomatous node falls from the submucosal layer into the uterine cavity, cramping, very intense pain occurs.
With intramural	appears in the middle layer of muscle tissue of the uterus and is accompanied by cycle disturbances and pain in the pelvic area
For subserous	It often occurs without symptoms, so the pain is minor and appears rarely: pain in the lower back, back pain, as well as urination problems and constipation.

Complications

Uterine fibroids pose a danger to a woman’s health in terms of the development of complications of the disease. With regular monitoring by a gynecologist and careful attention to her health, a woman can significantly reduce the risk of complications.

Complications of uterine fibroids:

• necrosis of myomatous node;
• birth of a submucosal node;
• posthemorrhagic anemia;
• tumor malignancy;
• infertility;
• miscarriage;
• postpartum hemorrhage;
• hyperplastic processes of the endometrium.

In order to avoid complications, you should begin treating fibroids in a timely manner (immediately after detection). Surgical intervention is rarely required and is more often associated with existing complications of the disease.

Fibroids and pregnancy

Uterine fibroids are found in 8% of pregnant women undergoing pregnancy monitoring. For most women, during pregnancy the size remains unchanged or decreases.

Danger:

• development of fetoplacental insufficiency (changes in the structural and functional properties of the placenta, which can lead to impaired fetal development);
• threat of miscarriage at various stages.

Most often, women with uterine fibroids are offered to give birth by cesarean section due to the risk of various complications, such as:

• untimely discharge of amniotic fluid (this occurs due to increased tone of the muscular layer of the uterus or improper positioning of the fetus);
• risk of heavy postpartum bleeding;
• risk of premature placental abruption (most often this occurs if the fibroid is located behind the placenta).

During a cesarean section, a woman may have the tumor removed immediately so that she can plan another pregnancy in the future.

Diagnostics

The first signs of fibroids are very similar to the symptoms of other gynecological pathologies. Therefore, to make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a series of laboratory instrumental studies. Only a correct and timely diagnosis can guarantee successful treatment and a speedy recovery.

Diagnostics include:

• Gynecological examination. It is carried out on a gynecological chair using the necessary instruments. The size of the uterine body, the location of the ovaries, the shape and mobility of the cervix, etc. are taken into account;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs using a vaginal probe. For better visualization, the study is performed with a full bladder. The method is highly informative and allows you to identify the size of the tumor and its shape;
• Laparoscopy - used only when myoma cannot be distinguished from an ovarian tumor;
• Hysteroscopy is an examination of the cavity and walls of the uterus using an optical hysterocope. Hysteroscopy is performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes: identification and removal of uterine fibroids in certain locations.
• Biopsy. In some cases, during hysteroscopy or laparoscopy, a small sample of tissue is taken, which is then examined in more detail under a microscope.
• Diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity: indicated for all identified uterine fibroids in order to establish endometrial pathology and exclude uterine cancer.

How to treat uterine fibroids?

How to treat uterine fibroids? The main goal of treating fibroids is to eliminate the cause of the disease and the harmful effects of the tumor on the surrounding tissue of the uterus, reduce its size, and stop growth. Both medical and surgical methods are used.

As a rule, treatment tactics are chosen depending on the size, location and clinical and morphological variant of the tumor, the hormonal status of the patient, the state of her reproductive systems, etc. Some experts believe that there is no need to rush into surgery, but it is wiser to monitor the woman’s health before the onset of menopause.

Unfortunately, conservative treatment of fibroids is effective only under certain conditions, namely:

• relatively small size of the node (the size of the uterus does not exceed a 12-week pregnancy);
• asymptomatic course;
• the patient’s desire to preserve the uterus and, accordingly, reproductive function;
• inertial or subserous arrangement of nodes having an exceptionally wide base.

With a confirmed diagnosis of uterine fibroids, the following groups of drugs are used:

1. Combined oral contraceptives containing desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol. These medications help suppress and alleviate the first symptoms of fibroids in women. However, drugs in this group do not always help to reduce tumors, so they are used only when the size of the node does not exceed 1.5 cm.
2. Androgen derivatives: Danazol, Gestrinone. The action of this group is based on the fact that androgens suppress the synthesis of ovarian steroid hormones. As a result, the size of the tumor decreases. Use for up to 8 months continuously.
3. Antiprogestogens. Helps stop tumor growth. Treatment can last up to six months. The most famous drug in this group is Mifepristone;
4. Antigonadotropins (Gestrinone)– prevent an increase in the size of uterine fibroids, but do not help reduce existing sizes.

FUS ablation. One of the modern ways to combat fibroids. In this case, the tumor is destroyed by ultrasound under the control of a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.

A woman receiving conservative treatment for uterine fibroids should be examined at least once every 6 months.

A set of recommendations has been developed for such patients:

1. It is strictly forbidden to lift heavy objects, which can lead to prolapse of the uterine body and other complications;
2. Stress that negatively affects hormonal levels is unacceptable;
3. Increase the consumption of fruits, berries, herbs, vegetables, as well as fish and seafood;
4. Walk more often (this helps improve blood flow);
5. Avoid sports that place stress on the abdominal muscles (you can do free swimming and yoga);
6. It is also worth noting that patients with diagnosed fibroids should avoid exposure to heat. This means that you need to give up long sunbathing, visiting the bathhouse, sauna and solarium, as well as hot showers.
7. Undergo restorative treatment with vitamins 4 times a year (select the complex together with your doctor).

Surgical treatment: surgery

Mandatory indications for invasive therapy are:

• the size of the tumor is more than 12 weeks and it puts pressure on nearby organs;
• myomatous formations provoke heavy uterine bleeding;
• there is an acceleration in the growth of fibroids (by 4 weeks in less than a year);
• necrotic changes in the tumor;
• twisting of the pedicle of the subserous node;
• nascent submucosal myoma (emergency laparotomy is indicated);
• combination of myomatous nodes with.

There are different options for surgical treatment of uterine fibroids. Among them, three main areas can be distinguished:

• removal of the entire uterus and nodes;
• removal of myomatous nodes while preserving the uterus;
• surgical disruption of blood circulation in fibroids, which leads to their destruction.

Depending on the type of fibroid, its location, and size, the doctor chooses the type of surgery to remove the fibroid. Myomectomy today is performed in 3 ways:

• Laparoscopy - through small holes in the abdomen
• During hysteroscopy, a special instrument is inserted into the uterus through the vagina.
• Strip surgery through an incision in the lower abdomen is performed very rarely.

Rehabilitation after surgery

Rehabilitation of the female body depends on a variety of factors:

1. For example, if the operation was performed using an open method, then the recovery process is slower.
2. The patient is offered to limit physical activity, not forgetting that measured walking can only be beneficial and will contribute to accelerated healing.

Maintaining proper nutrition

There is no special diet, you just need to stick to a healthy diet.

• First of all, it is a varied and balanced diet that meets a woman’s energy needs, including vitamins and microelements.
• Food is taken 5 times a day; overeating and long breaks between meals are not allowed.
• A healthy diet involves eliminating frying and using baking, stewing or boiling when preparing dishes.

Allowed products for fibroids

Prohibited Products

The basis of the diet should be the following products: vegetable oil – sunflower, flaxseed, rosehip, corn, etc.; any fruits, herbs, vegetables, berries; dark varieties of bread, with the addition of coarse flour and bran; cereals, legumes; fish products, mainly sea fish; fermented milk products (fresh); nuts, seeds, seeds; high-quality varieties of green and black tea, herbal tea; compote or jelly based on berries or fruits.

Undesirable foods should be excluded from the diet: margarine, oil mixtures (spreads), limited butter; fatty meat, lard; sausages, smoked products; hard cheese with a high percentage of fat, processed cheese, sausage cheese; baked goods and baked goods made from white flour; sweets, including cakes, ice cream, cream pies.

Folk remedies

Before you start using folk remedies for fibroids, be sure to consult with your doctor.

1. Tampons with burdock root juice are applied topically. Add honey, sea buckthorn and St. John's wort oil, mumiyo to the juice and mix thoroughly. The tampon is placed overnight for 21 days.
2. Sea buckthorn berry oil. To do this, make cotton swabs, soak them in oil and place them in the morning and evening. The course lasts 2 weeks. It can be repeated if necessary.
3. Take 4 tsp. flax seeds, pour half a liter of boiling water and simmer over low heat for 10 minutes. At this time, stir the broth. When it cools down, drink half a glass, 4 times a day. The course lasts 15 days, then take a break for 15 days, and repeat the course.
4. Tincture of walnut partitions. You can buy it ready-made at the pharmacy and use it according to the instructions, or you can prepare it yourself: pour 30 grams of partitions with vodka (1 glass) and leave in a dark place for 3-4 weeks. Take 30 drops 30 minutes before meals with a glass of water. The course is 1 month, 2 weeks break and can be repeated.
5. Prepare an infusion of several flowers by brewing them with a glass of boiling water for 10 minutes. You need to drink it in the morning before breakfast, for a long time. The duration of admission is determined by the herbalist. Calendula infusions are used for douching. This plant can be used internally in the form of a pharmaceutical tincture.
6. Finely chopped boron uterus grass(50 g) pour 500 ml of vodka. Leave for ten days in a dark place, shaking regularly. The first ten days take the infusion one teaspoon once a day, the next ten days - one tablespoon. Then take a break for ten days and repeat the treatment.
7. Using tampons gives good results, soaked in medicinal liquids. Shilajit should be diluted with water in a ratio of 2.5:10. Soak a cotton pad in the prepared solution and place it in the vagina. At the same time, mumiyo should be taken orally at a dose of 0.4 g. Therapy should last 10 days, after which a break of 1 week must be taken. Afterwards you can repeat the course.

Forecast

With timely detection and proper treatment of uterine fibroids, the further prognosis is favorable. After organ-conserving operations, women in the reproductive period are likely to become pregnant. However, the rapid growth of uterine fibroids may require radical surgery to exclude reproductive function, even in young women.

Prevention

The main preventive measures are as follows:

• proper nutrition with a predominance of fresh vegetables and fruits;
• taking vitamins and microelements that contribute to the normal synthesis of sex hormones;
• active lifestyle, playing sports;
• regular sexual intercourse;
• annual preventive examinations with a gynecologist with ultrasound.

We found out what uterine fibroids are and what treatment is most effective. Remember, when visiting a doctor regularly, if a tumor occurs, it will be found at the very beginning, while its size is small and the woman does not even suspect the presence of fibroids. Timely detection of a tumor will allow it to be cured without the use of surgery and preserve the ability to bear children.